640 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 27 APPOINTMENTS BY TRANSFER, IN THE REGULAR f..n accordance with section 413 of the Officer the hopes and dreams that stem from a ARMY OF THE UNIT:e:D STATES WITHOUT SPECI• Personnel Act of 1947: precious heritage. The future. of .our FICATION OF BRANCH, ARM, OR SERVICE George D. Murray Donald B. Be.ary country and the world rests with these First Lt. John Marshall Evans, 039493. Gerald F. Bogan Felix B. Stump minds- and hearts, so fill them with Thy First Lt. James Rock Walpole, ?38579. Russell S .•Berkey wisdom and love that Thy holy presence PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY OF THE TEMPORARY APPOINTMENTS TO THE may breathe through us and Thy will UNITED STATES, UNDER . THE PROVISIONS OF GRADE OF REAR ADMIRAL may be known unto our land and unto all SECTIONS 502 AND q08 OF THE OFFICER PER• Wesley M. Hague Walter G. Schindler the· world. Amen. SONNEirAcT OF 1947 Thomas H. Binford George L. Russell (Those officers whose names are preceded Walter E. Moore Milton E. Miles The -Journal of the proceedings of by the symbol (X) are subject to· examina Burton B. Biggs Harold D. Baker Tuesday, January 25, 1949, was read and tion required by law.) Grover B. H. Hall Thomas M. Stokes approved. · Lorenzo S. Sabin, Jr. Robert E. Blick, Jr. To be first Ueutenants MESSAGR FROM THE PRESIDENT Donald Wesley Alberti, 056695. The appointments of Theodore C. Lonn Douglas Albright Armstrong, 038527. quest et al. for permanent appointment in A message in writing from the Presi Bud L. Jones, 038522. the Navy, which were this day confirmed, dent of. the United States was communi :xLeo Thomas -McMahon, Jr., 04i352. appear in full in the Senate proceedings of cated to the House by Mr. Miller, one of William Jeremiah McNeese, 041354. the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for January 13, his secretaries. 1949, beginning with the name of Theodore Howard Deschler Rhodes, 050525. MESSAGE FROM THE SEN_ATE Jasper Clyde Vance, Jr., 056715. c. Lonnquest, appearing on page 259, and John Henry Von Der Bruegge, Jr., 03852-3. -ending with the name of Anna L. Welsko, A message from the Senate, by Mr. which appears on page 261. · PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY OF THE The ap:Pointml!nts of Jimmie Allred, Jr., et Carrell, its enrolling clerk, announced UNITED STATES, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF al. for appointment in the Navy, which were that the Vice President had appointed SECTION 107 OF THE ARMY-NAVY NURSES ACT this day confirmed, appear in full in the Mr. TYDINGS a member of the Joint Com OF 1947 Senate proceedings of the CoNGRESSIONAL mittee on Atomic Energy, vice Mr. To be first lieutenants, Women's MedicaZ RECORD, for January 17, 194:9, beginning with BRICKER • . Specialist Corps the name of J immie "B" Allred, appearing The messa-ge also announced -that the Joyce Bodycomb, J22. on page 322, and ending with the name of Vice President had appointed Mr. DouG FTancine B. Bundt, M10018. Sherwood H. Werner, appearing on the same page. LAS a member o-f the Joint Committee on Josephine Mary Burt, M10081. the Economic Report·, vice Mr. Ball, Ruth Eleanor Clevenger, 11.4:10049. The appointments of Carroll A. Andrews et Mae Augusta Engsberg, M10032. al. for appointment in the Navy, which were whose term as Senator expired_. Theresa Maria Ferrazzoli, M10080. this day confirmed, appear in full in the REQUEST TO SUSPEND RULES S~nate proceedings Of the CONGRESSIONAL PROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY OF THE RECORD for January 17, 1949, beginning with Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask UNITED STATES, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF the name of Carroll A. Andrews, appearing unanimous consent that the Speaker be S!l:CTIONS 502 AND 510 OF THE OFFICER PER• on page 322, and ending with the name of SONNEL ACT OF 194 7 authorized to recognize today a motion Carl Whittles, Jr., appearing on page 323. to suspend the rules. The complete list of nominations of James The appointments of Arland A. Adams et Melvin Epperly et al., which were this day al. for appointment in the Navy, which were Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, reserving the confirmed, may be found in the Senate pro this day confirmed, appear in full in the right to object, what for? ceedings Of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for Senate proceedings of the CONGRESSIONAL Mr. McCORMACK. The bill intended January 13, 1949, beginning with the name RECORD for January 17, 1949, beginning with to be .brought up under suspension is a of James Melvin Epperly, occurring on page th'e name of Arland A. Adams, appearing on joint resolution from the Committee on 229, and ending with the name of Foster page 315, and ending with the name of Frank Appropriations ·making an addition:::! LaMarr Watts, which appears on page 240. D. Wilson, appearing on page 322. appropriation, as I understand, of $500,- FROMOTIONS IN THE REGULAR ARMY OF THE 000 for disaster relief. There is a very UNITED STATES, UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF WITHDRAWAL emergent situation throughout the West SECTIONS 502_ AND 518 OF THE OFFICER PER• and Middle West, that terrific storm dis- SONNEL ACT OF 1947 Executive nomination withdrawn from aster. · the Senate Januar}' 27, 1949: The complete list of the nominations of I make· this stat€ment as majority Francis Nicholas lVU.ller et al., which were DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY leader that if unanimous consent is this day confirmed, may be found in the Jesse J. Gilbert of Ohio, to be Assistant granted this is the only bill that will be Senate proceedings of the CoNGRESSIONAL Register of the Treasury. RECORD for January 17, 1949, beginning with ·brought· up under r· uspension. the name of F rancis Nicholas Miller, appear The SPE-AKER. The Speaker will ing on page 324, and ending with the name make the same statement. . of Dorothy Edith Fisher, appearing on page Mr. T..I\BER. And it is very desirable 402. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that it be .done immediately. . UNITED STATES AIR FORCE Mr. McCORMACK. That is the-infor APPOINTMENT AS GENERAL THURSDAY, JANUARY 27, 1949 mation I have received. Gen. Carl Spaatz, A03706, Chief of Staff, The SPEAKER.· Is there obj'ection to United States Air Force, for appointment The House met at 12 o'clock noon. the request of the gentleman from Mas as general, United States Air -Force, with Rev. Russell W. Lambert, minister, sachusetts? rank from February 11, 1945. First Methodist Church, De Kalb, Ill., There w·as no objection. The nominations of Walter Francis Dix o:ffered the following prr..yer: and other officers for promotion in the United APPOINTMENT OF CERTAIN PERSONNEL States Air Force, under the provisions of Eternal God, whose spirit moves with Mr. McCORMACK. Mr: Speaker, I sections 502, 508, and 518 of the Officer Per in the humankind of all nations, and offer a resolution
world-listened to the soft peace .whines There was no objection. Mr. SMATHER~: Mr. Speaker, as the of the Germans following the First World EXTENSION OF REMARKS gentleman from Tennessee has said, we War. have introduced today a biL to set up an I refer today to the action of a German Mr. MULTER (at the request of Mr. institute within the Public Health Serv denazification court which set aside an HoLIFIELD) was given permission to ex ice to look into the research, the cause, earlier conviction of Count Franz von tend his remarks in the RECORD. and the cure of arthritis and rheuma Papen and reduced his fine. A light Mr. RODINO asked and was given tism. Statistics show that arthritis and touch to this aging and ailing man was permission to extend his remarks in the rheumatism are the greatest cripplers the prohibition against participation in RECORD in two instances and include in of all the diseases. There are 7,000,000 politics. Von Papen has been one of the each printed items. people who are now suffering from rheu · most valuable men in Germany for 40 Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, I ask matism and arthritis within the United years, and he has never been openly in unanimous consent to extend my re States. One hundred and forty-seven politics. He has been the master inter marks in the RECORD and include an thousand people today are immobilized national fixer, the Fly gray fox of Vater atticle appearing in the Philadelphia In in bed by reason of arthritis. It is not a land.diplomacy. quirer in reference to my colleague the spectacular disease. It does not attract Example .could be piled on example. gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. WAL the headlines. At the same time it is a Fritz Thyssen and Hjalmar Schacht are TER], who for 16 years has been one of very cruel and merciless disease, confin among the most glaring examples. the most distinguished Members of Con ing many people to lifetime of imprison More recently Walter Gieseking sud gress. ment, suffering, and torture. I say this denly appeared on the horizon as a The SPEAKER. Is there objection to not from any statistics, but from the per cleansed and purified artist, purged of the request of the gentleman from Penn sonal experience of a member of my own his Naziphile record and perfumed for sylvania? family. Twenty-five years ago this man the delectation of music lovers. There was no objection. weighed 175 pounds and was a fine phys Gieseking is admittedly one of the · Mr. DURHAM asked and was given ical specimen. Today he weighs 108 world's greatest living pianists, and I re- permission to extend his remarks in the pounds and his body is as rigid as a rail, . gret that I was forced by my convictions RECORD and include an address by Dr. completely ossified. It was a sad and and my conscience to take the lead in Philip C. Jessup, United States repre tragic sight to watch this dread disease forcing his expulsion from the country sentative of the Security Council in Paris. creep from his knees into his hips, up his as an undesirable after the State Depart Mr. GRANAHAN asked and was given spine, into his neck and shoulders, leav ment had granted him a visitor's visa. permission to extend his remarks in the ing them completely cemented. Today, . As Dr. Hans Kindler expressed it, we RECORD and include an article by John arthritis is sealing his jaws and closing · have to draw the line somewhere; and in M. Cummings, appearing in the Phila his eyelids-it does not kill, but it might . the flood of visiting pro-Nazi artists, mu- delphia Inquirer. be more humane if it did. He has been sicians, journalists, scientists, lawyers, Mr. DOYLE asked and was 'given per to every clinic and sanatorium of repute and what not, I chose to draw the line at mission to extend his remarks in the in the Western Hemisphere, and it is sad Walter Gieseking, not only because I be RECORD in three instances and include in to report that no one knows anything lieve that he himself is a danger to the each an editorial. about arthritis. Certainly a Government security of this country, but to dramatize Mr. EVINS asked and was given per that gives millions to develop land and the flow of whitewashed Nazi crows who mission to extend his remarks in the electricity and roads-a · Government are entering while the victims of Hitler RECORD and include a statement by a which gave $11,000,000 to make paths ism are still confined to DP camps. former Member of Congress. through forests last year-can and However, the most terrifying thing INSTITUTE FOR RHEUMATISM AND · should get behind a movement to find about this situation, both as to visiting ARTHRITIS RESEARCH out the cause and CU!fe of arthritis, the Nazis and to those who stay in Germany, Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I ask Nation's great crippler.' · is the clue given as to the attitude of the unanimous consent to address the House ADJOURNMENT OVER AND PROGRAM FOR German people and, perhaps, of our own for 1 minute and to revise and extend my NEXT WEEK Americans in Germany. remarks. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I I do not wish to cast any intemperate The SPEAKER. Is there objection to reflections at the gallant Americans, ask unanimous consent that when the the request of the gentleman from Ten House adjourns today it adjourn to meet military and civilian alike, who are man nessee? ning our own farflung bastions of se on Monday next. There was no objection. Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. Mr. curity in middle Europe, yet it cannot Mr. PRIEST. Mr. Speaker, I have to escape my mind that the denazification Speaker, reserving the right to object, courts would not be so lenient to flagrant day introduced a bill that would author will the gentleman please tell us the pro guilt if it were not well understood that ize the establishment in the United gram· for next week? the Americans are not mad at the Ger States Public Health Service of an In Mr. McCORMACK. I will be glad to. mans any more. stitute on Rheumatism and Arthritis. At the present time there is no specific For almost 2,000 years the German This bill follows in general, Mr. Speaker, program for next week. If, however, any people have been a constant threat to the same type of research study that has bills are reported out of committee-and civilization. been authorized in the mental health bill, I cannot see any that will have to have Mr. Speaker, we must not let ourselves cancer, tuberculosis, and heart bills. the . attention of the House on Monday, be lulled into forgetfulness of the death I am happy to say that I have been Tuesday, or probably Wednesday-and · and horror and misery they have brought joined in this effort by the distinguished in order to have sufficient flexibility so to Europe and America over the cen gentleman from Florida [Mr. SMATHERS], that the House will feel I am keeping turies. Let us not permit the German the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. faith with them-! will give the House dream of empire to be brought to new KEEFE], and the gentleman from New 24 hours' notice; for example, the reor and bloody reality, York [Mr. JAVITSJ. I hope that we can, ganization bill. I do not know whether The SPEAKER. The time of the gen with this approach, get some legislation or not that bill or any other bill will come tleman from New York has expired. passed soon that will be helpful in re out of committee next week. search in this field. SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED Mr. MARTIN of Massachusetts. We Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I ask RHEUMATISM AND ARTHRITIS RESEARCH will have 24 hours' notice? unanimous consent . that today, at the Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. McCORMACK. I will give the conclusion of the legislative program unanimous consent to address the House House 24 hours' notice. With that flexi and following any special orders hereto for 1 minute and to revise and extend my bility, I have no program to announce fore entered, I may be permitted to ad remarks. for next week. · . dress the House for 15 minutes. The SPEAKER. Is there objection The SPEAKER. Is there objection to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to to the request of the gentleman from the ·request of the gentleman from Mas the request of the gentleman from Cali- Florida? sachusetts? fornia? · There was no objection. There was no objection. 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 647 NATIONAL ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATIC Mr. Carl H. Wilken, economic analyst ing up world supplies, and refusing to RESEARCH INSTITUTE of the Raw Materials National Council, · permit Europe to have the necessary fats Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, I ask through his studies of our national for a good diet because some bureaucrat unanimous consent to address the House economy has revealed the fact that each is misusing powers which we have voted. for 1 minute and to revise and extend $1 of gross farm production generates Here is one place where the reciprocal my remarks. $7 of national income. Our production trade treaty is beginning to hurt and The SPEAKER. Is there objection to of fats and oils-butter, cottonseed oil, hurt badly. the request of the gentleman from Wis linseed oil, corn oil, soybean oil, peanut Under the circumstances I feel that the consin? oil, tung oil, lard, tallow, and greases Congress should notify these depart There was no objection. approximates 10,000,000,000 pounds per ments to make increased allocations at Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, the No. 1 year. Our annual production of fats and once and that when legislation to renew crippler of our people is arthritis -and oils therefore is very important in our these powers comes before this body we rheumatic diseases. Strange as it may national economy. For each 10 cents refuse to extend this control over the ex seem, basic research in this field has been per pound there is involved $1,000,- ports of fats and oils and misuse of au exceedingly limited. 000,000 of gross farm income and $7,000- thority. Congress in granting these pow Seven million Americans are suffering 000,000 of national income. ers did not intend that it should be used from some type of-arthritis or other forms Fats and oils are the concentrated food as price control. of rheumatic disease. One hundred product from much of our farm produc In order that you may rest assured that forty-seven thousand are completely dis tion. A pound of fat contains 4,080 cal various groups called this matter to the abled. Over 800,000 are partially dis ories as compared to 1,260 calories in a attention of those in control, I would like abled, and more than 6,000,000 others are pound of lean meat. It is the most highly to insert in the RECORD as a part of my subject to chronic or recurrent disability concentrated form of food to create hu statement an analysis made by our friend and pain. It is time that the resources man energy. Carl H. Wilken for the Western States of the Nation were mobilized to fight this Using the control which we, the Con Meat Packers Association, Inc. This destructive crippler of mankind. gress, as a body gave them, the various analysis was presented to the Fats and Following the pattern set by the Con departments have permitted the imports Oils Branch of the Production Marketing gress in the National Mental Health Act, of fats and oils from world supplies. At Dlvision on August 30, 1948. Therefore the Cancer Act, and the Heart Act, the the same time they have curtailed the the blame rests directly upon the depart gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. PRIEST], allocations for exports to the extent that ments in charge. It loolts as if it requires the gentleman from Florida [Mr. SMATH supplies have accumulated in the United direct action by this body to remove this ERS], the gentleman from New York [Mr. States and have depressed the price. All world monopoly over fats and oils which JAVITs], and the gentleman from Wis told our imports were approximately 470,- we have permitted through legislation. consin who is now speaking have today 000,000 pounds greater than the exports If we wish to have meat production in filed identical bills proposing to estab which they permitted, even though we the United States then we must prevent lish a National Arthritis and Rheumatic have this great surplus of fats and oils. the penalty of low prices for fats and oils Research Institute as a part of the As a result of these indirect OPA tactics which curtails the feeding of livestock. Public Health Service. I sincerely hope the price of lard in the past 12 months Our farmers and leading farm organi that this legislation will receive an early has dropped from 28 cents per pound to zations are greatly concerned about this hearing, and I am convinced that it will 14.5 cents. Other fats and oils have matter and they are insisting that it be pass the Congress by unanimous con dropped in proportion. The .packer corrected, and rightly so. Here is a sent and thus set in motion a program knows when he buys hogs, cattle, and letter from Mr. Howard Hill, president that will develop the scientific and medi sheep that he will take a loss of at least of the Iowa Farm Bureau, which I will cal resources of this Nation and the 12 cepts per pound on the lard and tal also read to the House: world in an effort to find the cause and low, so to make up this loss he must IOWA FARM BUREAU F'EDERATiqN, a cure for this No. 1 crippler of our charge several cents more per pound for Des Moines, Iowa, January 21, 1949. people. It is purely a bipartisan effort, the meat. . Hon. BEN F. JENSEN, · conceived in the interest of the American The effect can be easily estimated for House Office Building, people. I trust that every Member of different sections of the Nation. For ex Washington, D. C. ample, the estimated cottonseed oil pro DEAR BEN: The farmers of Iowa are very Congress Will become familiar with the much concerned over the decline in lard provisions of this act· and give it the duction from the 1948 cotton crop will prices, which, as you know, 18 being reflected same unanimous support. that has been approximate 1,650,000,000 pounds. Be in the price of live hogs. CUrrent prices have accorded similar legislation in the fields cause of the price reduction of approxi dropped as low as 13 cents a pound. The heretofore referred to. mately 15 cents per pound the farmers reason for this decline in the price of lard is, of the South will lose approximately Qf course, the supply. The supplies of lard in OUR FATS AND OILS PROBLEM CAN BE $250,000,000 if we permit this control eo~d storage January 1 were 112,000,000 AND MUST BE SOLVED to continue. pounds as compared with a 5-year average Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask In the case of tallow, a part of a fat of 105,000,000 pounds on that date. unanimous consent to address the House corn-fed steer, the price has been forced OI+e of the reasons for the increase in sup for 1 minute and to revise and extend ply is the lower export allocations. The al down to a price below that established locations made thus far for the January my remarks. unde·r the days of the old OP A. · In fact March quota amount to 72,000,000 pounds. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the price of all these fats and oils are In the same quarter a year ago, exports were the request of the gentleman from Iowa? rapidly reaching OPA levels. 96,000,000 pounds. Revised United States There was no objection. As Members of Congress we should all Department of Agriculture estimates indi Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, I call to realize that, if we are to meet the Presi cate that we will produce 683,000,000 pounds the attention of the House a matter that dent's budget request of approximately for this current quarter. affects every section of the United States $45,000,000,000, we must maintain a high The members of the Iowa. Farm Bureau national income. What right have we as board of directors have asked me to write and gives you an 1llustration of how dele and seek your support for additional alloca gations Of powers to the departments a body to permit the different depart tions for the European relief program. Rec of government can be misused either ments of Government to destroy the very ommendations concerning ERP shipments through ignorance or deliberate intent. income we need and destroy our primary are made by the Department of Agriculture Congress was asked to give the differ income from agriculture. to the Department of Commerce. It is our ent departments of government the In my opinion there is no excuse for understanding that the Department of Agri power to control and allocate exports this situation. Europe is being rationed culture has recommended higher export al of various products. Among these prod at the rate of 1 pound of edible fat per locations, but as yet these recommendations have not been approved by the Department ucts are fats and oils, produced from month, or about one-fourth of our do of Commerce. farm products in the United St.ates. The mestic consumption. Fats are the At the present price, lard is a very cheap importau.ce of our fats · and oils cannot cheapest form of calories and the most source of food. We feel that it is one of be overestimated in thinking of .national vital for building up human energy. Yet the best commodities the Europeans could prosperity. here we find ourselves deliberately buy- purchase since they have a. need for animal 648 -CON~RESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 27 fats, and at this price I know of no com of pork chops increased 10 cents per pound 1948 MEAT PRODUCTION modity they could purchase to secure more This relationship was recognized by the OPA It should be remembered that some of the food value for their money. in their ceilings on meat products. During 1947 and 1948 meat production was the re The per capita consumption of meat went the era of price control the price of pork sult of liquidation of livestock numbers, down from 155.2 pounds in 1947 to 145.2 chops was approximately double the price With the large crop of feed grains and lower pounds in 1948. In the case of pork (includ of lard. grain prices the tendency of the producer ing lard) the per capita consumption went NO ONE GAINED will be to replace some of the liquidation of down from 70.0 pounds in 1947 to 66.8 pounds No one benefited particularly from the livestock. In bringing this about breeding in 1948. In 1939-41 average consumption o! rationing of fats and oils by the depart stock held back for expansion will reduce t he pork was 67.7 pounds per capita. The peo ments, with the possible exception of the m arketable animals for 1949, thus decreasing ple wan~ more meat and an increase in the soap industry, which found it possible to buy meat production to that extent. exports of lard would encourage the pro relatively cheap fats for their soap products. duction of hogs, which in turn would help Because of the buying power of the public PRICE RELATIONSHIPS relieve the grain situation when we run the packer and retailer in most cases were In analyzing price relationships of fats and into a surplus grain problem. able to pass on the loss on fats and oils to oils, hides, and meat product s to live costs, it I am calling this to your attention because the consumer of meats. As a direct result should be borne in mind that the producer we feel that the Department of Oommerce the consumer has been forced to pay from cannot segregate these items and in the feed may need some urging and because we feel 10 to 15 cents per pound more for steak, pork ing process must produce all of them. The that this is an opportunity to benefit both chops, hams, etc., than would normally be attitude of the departments toward the fats the recipients of the European relief ship necessary. The packer, farmer, and retailer and oils situation indicates that they look ments and the Midwest farmer. all were blamed for the high meat prices upon fats, hides, etc., as byproducts and If we can be of service at any time, please when in fact most of the blame should be seem to forget that when a steer is purchased feel free to call on us. placed directly on the unsound policies fol at $40 per hundredweight that this also rep With kindest personal regards, I am, lowed in making the proper allocations to resents the cost per pound of tallow and Sincerely yours, maintain the price balance. hides. Any reduction that the packer or dis E. HOWARD HILL, These departments will very likely state tributor must take below the live cost has President. that they are not interested in the price, to be added on to some other part of the but by preventing exports and allocations carcass in order for it to pay out. they have controlled supply and indirectly As a result of this fact the price of lard, ANALYSIS OF LIVESTOCK SITUATION, FATS AND tallow, and hides to break even should be OILS PRICES-PRODUCTION AND POTENTIAL the price, regardless of whether they in tended to do so or not. somewhat higher than the average live cost. GRAIN SUPPLIES To illustrate, you will note the tabulation (By Carl H. Wilken, economic analyst) FUTURE SUPPLIES below as to the average live cost of cattle, Mr. E. F. FORBES, In addition to the factors I have men the price of hides, and the price of tallow. President, Western States Meat Packers tioned, excessive purchases of grains at cri In the case of tallow, the price in the period Association, Inc., San Francisco, Calif.: tical periods in the market last year sent 1925-29 which I have used was somewhat In making an analysis of the livestock situ grain prices sky-rocketing. Widespread pub lower than the live cost of all beef steers. ation and the relationship of fats and oils to licity of the shortage of grain and high price The low tallow price was the result of com the industry involves many factors not only resulted in the liquidation of millions ot petitron from two factors, first, the imports from the standpoint of production of meats head of livestock. Numbers of cattle and of coconut oil and, second, the fats or greases but also the attitude of national economic hogs as of January 1, 1948, indicate that rendered from many sources. policies that affect the industry in many ways. meat production for 1949 will drop back to The present situation of fats and oils _in approximately 19,000,000,000 pounds. This drop of over 4,000,000,000 pounds, from the Price of the general price structure presents a dis A. vei·a ge hides at Wholesale torted picture when compared with the long production of 1945, 1946, and 1947 is a drop price of all Chicago, price of of approximately 18 percent. The drop in steers at tallow at range of price relationship between meat Chicago heavy Chicago products and fats and oils. This distortion, production wnnn turn reduce the per cqpita native in my opinion, is entirely the result of gov consumption to approximately 130 pounds ernmental controls over the exports and im as compared to 155 pounds in 1947. Per hun· Cents per Cents p er ports of fats and oils and the failure of those Unless the departments adopt a realistic ·drcdweight pound pound in charge to analyze all the factors that enter attitude towards fats and oils prices, permit 1925 __ ------$10.16 15.96 9. 7 ting them to rise to a level which will induce 1926_------9.47 14. 08 8. 7 into a realistic allocation of fats and oils for 1927------1L36 19.28 8.1 export. the farmer to feed to heavier weights, we 1928_ ------·-- 13. 91 23.85 8.8 RATIONING OF FATS AND OILS wm have future shortages of both fats and 1929.------13.43 16.98 8.5 oils and meat products. Average ____ Legislation which gives the different de To illustrate, 1f a program were initiated 11.66 18. 03 8. 7 partments of Government the power to con to induce the farmer to add 50 pounds to the trol exports of fats and oils indirectly car weight of each hog marketed, the 40,000,000 ries with it the power to ration supplies to Using the 1925-29 prices as an index of 100, spring pigs available for market in 1948 and a comparison with live cost for 1947 of $25 .83 other nations. Failure to make proper allo the early part of 1949, we could increase our cations of lard, tallow, and other greases per hundredweight for all beef steers, the meat production-live weight-2,000,000,000 increase was 121 percent. On this basis the for exports can very easily increase the do pounds. In the process of producing the ad mestic supply sufficiently to reduce the price average price of tallow in 1947 should have ditional weight we would have an increase , been 221 percent of the 1925-29 average or far below the normal price structure. in both meats and fats and oils. But, after Too low a price for the fats and oils in 19.2 cents per pound. It happens that this the experience of the last few years, the checks exactly with the average price in 1947 turn affects all branches of the livestock in farmer is not likely to feed for additional dustry, from the farm to the consumer. as given in the Fats and Oils Situation (BAE) weight 1f the present dislocation in fats and for January- April 1948. For example, in August 1947, fats and oils oils prices as compared to meat continues. reached a relatively low price as compared Applying the same index to hides, the aver to the live cost of cattle and hogs. As a. FEED SUPPLIES age price qf heavy hides at Chicago in 1947 result the packer in buying heavy or lard Present crop estimates indicate the largest should have been approximately 40 cents per hogs reduced the price to the farmer as much supply of feed grains in history, and the pound. as $8 per hundredweight. The farmer in turn Nation could have the additional meat and The average price of cattle in the week having taken a loss on his hogs because o! fats by bringing the livestock and grains ended August 21 at Chicago was $34.78 per their weight curtailed his productive efforts available together, the former as the factory hundredweight. This is approximately an in with the result that hog numbers January and the latter as the raw material. crease of 200 percent from 1925-29 averages. 1, 1948, were back to 1939 levels. Unless such a program is brought into At this price level, tallow should sell for 26.1 Even though the packer was able to pro being, meat supplies will remain in short cents per .pound and hides at 54 cents per tect himself to some extent by lower bids supply for several years. In fact, our expan poUnd. for heavy hogs, he was forced to pass on some sion in livestock production has not kept The current price for prime inedible tallow of" the loss on lard and tallow to the whole pace with the increase in population since is approximately 13.5 cents per pound and saler and retailer of meat. 1920. heavy hides 29 cents per pound. The loss on This branch of the industry in turn being In 1920 we had a population of 105,000,000 these two items, as compared to present live confronted with losses on the sale of fats and with a cattle population of 70,400,000, hog costs, is approximately $22 on a beef which oils trimmed from the carc14ss, were forced population of 60,159,000, and a sheep popula has a live weight of approximately 950 pounds to pass it on to the consumer in a higher tion of 40,743,000. and a beef carcass of 500 pounds. price for choice cuts such as pork chops and At the present time we have a population Marketing specialists in the United States hams. It is interesting to note that 1n the of approximately 145,000,000 With a cattle Department of Agriculture estimate the suet, period from May 1947 through August 1947, population o! 78,000,000, a hog population of cod, and shop fat at 10 percent of carcass as the price of lard in the Washington retaU 55,000,000, and a sheep populat~on of 38,- weight. . Deducting this from the carcass market dropped 10 cents per pound, the price 571,000. weight o! 500 pounds, it leaves 450 pounds of 1949 CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD_-;HQ_USE 649 meat. Deducting from this ·an estimated SUMMARY legislative program of·the day and fol-· shrink and waste of 10 percent, the 500- Summarizing the effect of the price dislo-· lowing any special orders heretofore en-. pound carcass has 400 pounds of salable · cation, no one has gained as the result of meat. tered, I may be permitted to address the it, with the possible exception of the soap . House for 10 minutes. To absorb the loss of $22 from too low a industry, which has had the advantage of. comparative price on hides and tallow, the cheap fats for their industry. The consuxner The SPEAKER. Is there objection to mark-up on the salable meat must be ap has paid tor the lower lard prices, the ad the request of the gentleman from proximately 5.5 cents per pound. A choice· vance in choice cuts of meat having . been Michigan? beef carcass will yield roughly 25 percent of used to offset the relatively low lard price. There was no objection. st eak or 125 pounds. If the loss is recovered . The principal resUlt has been to discour from a mark-up in the price of steak it would age the producer in feeding to heavier EXTENSION OF REMARKS require an additional charge of 17.6 cents per weights, thus curtailing the production of Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan asked and pound. both fats and xneat products. In addition, In newspaper accounts of high meat prices was given permission to extend his re the farmer has suffered a direct financial loss. marks in the REcORD and include an edi steak 1s usually used as an illustration. The This loss can be quite accurately determined. news items, however, do not point out that For example, if he markets 220-pound hogs torial from the Omaha Herald. rationing of fats and oils and relatively low at $30 per hundredweight, the approximate· Mr. RICH asked and was given per prices for fats and hides, as compared to live price in July for that weight, he receives mission to extend his remarks in the costs are responsible and that the packer or $66 per head. In July the heavy hogs, 360 RECORD an·d include a report from the the retail butcher is being unjustly criticized pounds, sold for $24.50 on the Chicago xnar for highjacking the public. Bristol Courier of January 3, 1949, en-· ket and the farmer received $88.20, or an titled "The Year 1949." HOG PRICES increase of $22.20 for the additional weight A similar condition exists in ·the relative of 140 pounds. For this additional weight ECONOMY IN GOVlillNMENT price of lard, live costs of hogs, and retaU he received 15.85 cents per pound as coxn-· Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unani prices. The tabulation below gives average pared to $30 per hundredweight for the hog mous consent to address the House for 1 hog prices and lard prices in the period sold at 220 pounds. 1925-29. His comparative loss is approximately $22. minute and to revise and extend my re This penalty for weight is not a good in marks. centive for either the production of meat The SPEAKER. ·Is there objection to Average hog Average lard prices at prices at or fats and the shortage which has developed the request of the gentleman from Penn Chicago Chicago ' will continue. sylvania? That the price duterential is entirely the result of too low a price for lard is revealed There was no objection. ______:______Per ?tf~sl Ct8. peri~: Mr. RICH. Mr. Speaker, I am very 1925 9 by heavy-hog and light-hog prices .for the 1925______12. 34 16. 9 years 1925, 1927, 1929 and 1943 ( OPA ceilings) • much grieved this morning to see in 1927------9. 95 13. 7 the statement of the Federal Treasury as 1928.------·---- 9. 22 13. 3. 1929______10. 16 12. 9 of January 17 that, while last year we t------1------Prices at Chicago had a credit balance of $1,571,000,000 as .!verage______10.70 14.9 of that date, today we have a deficit of Heavy hogs, Light hogs, 330to360 200 to 250 $112,000,000. This means we should get 'Refined lard, wholesale.- pounds pounds down to brass tacks, talk economy and In ·1947 the average price of hogs at Chi practice economy in our Government. ' cago was $24.45. This represented an in Percwt. Percwt. Think of what the President's messages crease froxn the 1925-29 average of 129 per 1925.------$12. 19 $12. 23 to Congress were. cent. The price of lard to xnaintain the rela 1927------·- 10. 1!1 10.45 tive price to live costs in 1925-29 should have 1929 . .•. ------10.29 10.52 There were many proposals to spend 1943_------14.41 14.66 and spend and spend. He did not say been 34.1 cents per pound. 24.51 29.66 The average price during the year 1947 was liMB (July) ••••••••••••••• - anything about economy in Government. 25.6 cents· per pound. Live .costs at Chicago It grieves me greatly to think that the the week ending August 21, 1948, averaged The record indicates clearly that there 1s President is not going to try to instill in $27.48 per hundredweight or 156 percent no great differential if lard prices are in. the minds of the people of America, espe above the average of 1925-29. Current prices proper ratio. This price balance has been for refined lard should be 38.1 cents per upset by the unwise rationing of fats and cially the Members of this Congress, that pound. The current price is approximately oils to the extent of depressing the price. we have to economize in the many things we are doing in this Nation if we are to 18 cents. In other words, the packer, whole-. RECOMMENDATIONS saler, and retailer xnust absorb a loss of 18 preserve our stability. Just look at the cents per pound on lard at present xnarket The various departments should provide Government deficits we have had in the levels. for larger allocations of tallow and lard for past few years. Lard production (average 1942-46) is ap export. Fats are a very xnuch needed food proxixnately 20 percent of total pork produc in Europe and represents an economical In 1943 the deficit was $57,400,000,000. tion. On this basis a good butcher weighing food. Fat is a highly concentrated food and In 1944 the deficit was $51,400,000,000. 250 pounds and dressing 178 pounds would. there is no cost of freight for water content In 1945 the deficit was $53,900,000,000. yield 35.6 pounds of lard. such as we have in meat, fruits, potatoes, In 1946 the deficit was $20,700,000,000. With the present price relationship be etc. In 1947, under a Republican Congress, tween live costs and lard, the packer loss on In my opinion a supplemental allocation of 100,000,000 in the third quarter of 1948 we had a surplus of $754,000,000. lard is approxixnately 20 cents per pound or In 1948 the Republican surplus $7.12 for each 250-pound hog. This loss is would have corrected the price situation. passed on to the consumer in the sale of the Proper allocations should be xnade in the amounted to $8,400,000,000. It shows dressed carcass weighing approxixnately 150 fourth quarter to restore the historical price what the Republicans can do; besides, pounds after deducting the lard. The loss of balance which is an entirely natural one. they cut the taxes of our American $7.12 spread over the total salable meat Js With a proper price ratio for fats, etc., to people. The Republicans believe in a approxixnately 5 cents per pound if allowance rexnove the penalty for weight, the producer solvent Government-a Government of is xnade for cutting shrinkage. · should be encouraged to feed to heavier the people, for the people, and by the · The loins and bacon coxnbined represent weights, thus overcoming some of the pres people. · approximatelt the same weight as the lard ent shortage of fats and meats. part of the carcass. With lard selling at a. The estixnated corn crop of 3,500,000,000 Look what the President has done in loss of 20 cents per pound, to xnake up this bushels can be turned into fat and xneat, starting us off for 1949-he advocates loss a similar number of pounds of pork the only process we have to get increased spending to the ex~nt that we have a chops or bacon or haxn, bacon and pork chops production. Unless such a course is followed deficit for 1949 of $873,000,000, and for xnust be sold at a higher price level. As I high xneat prices and a shortage of fats and 1950 a deficit of $2,700,000,000. All he have pointed out, the price of pork chops ad meat will continue and the stocks of corn thinks of 1s spending. Why does not the vanced 1n direct ratio to the drop in lard' will pile up as a surplus stock of raw xna President and the Congress have some prices. With pork chops or pork loins rep terials for xneat and fat production. degree of sane, sensible sound business in resenting about 16 -pounds of the carcass SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED from a. 250-pound hog, it is evident that. Government operation§ With a debt of about one-half of the ldss is passed on 1n Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. over $252,000,000,000, more deficit financ-. this way. The rest of the loss·xnuat be recov-· Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that ing means ruin for Government, ruina ered froxn higher prices for ha~, bacon, etc., on Monday next; at the conclusion of the tion for our people. Again I say to you, :650 CON~RESSIONAL RECORD-HO_USE JANUARY 27
Where in the.world will you get th~ money. In this specific instance, the educa · The press in Washington carries· the f-or this ruthless spending? tional requirements should be waived. · story that over 300 District citizens are Stop, look, and for goodness• . sake, The b111 that· I present today is meant receiving their unemployment compen listen. to do just that. It is a reasonable move.· sation while ·spending -the · winter in EXTENSION OF REMARKS It is an Americanlike attitude. It is Florida in a climate more to their liking. the exercise of. typically American virtues. . These are only a few of the many Mr. FARRINGTON asked and was Fundamentally, it is gratitude expressed thousands throughout the Nation who given permission to extend his remarks as only America could express it. are taking advantage of the loose ad in the RECORD and include a series of - It is my hope that on both.sides of the ministration of this law. editorials favoring statehood for Hawaii. aisle there is recognized the moral ob The administration has recommended NATURALIZATION OF CERTAIN ALIENS ligation incurred over the years and more weeks of unemployment insurance especially during the last two World be granted the ·workers and, in some M:r.. SADLAK. J Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks Wars. States, more pay per week. If such a bill in the RECORD at this point. For in the process of building the passes, it is to be hoped that no over · The SPEAKER. Is there <>bjection to greatness that is ours, theirs was a con indulgent Congressman will offer an . the request of the gentleman from Con tribution no less patriotic, no less civic amendment to it to include for the com necticut? minded, and no less devoted than ours. fort of those who see fit to spend their · There -was no objection. - The fiesh and blood of these fathers winters in Florida, free beach chairs, or Mr. SADLAK. Mr. Speaker, I have to and mothers were bartered for the sake rocking chairs, also at the expense of the day introduced a bill to provide for the of our preservation on Normandy's· taxpayers. naturalization of certain noncitizen par shore, on Gaudalcanal, on the seas of the Mr. Speaker, -I believe the people gen ents of persons who served in the armed world, and in the skies over lands far erally want this act tightened up, so only forces of the United States, or in the from the good old U.S. A. those who are really in need and are merchant marine, in World War I or I urge early and favorable considera entitled to unemployment insurance get World War TI. tion of this bill. it. That was the real intent of tlie law. The sons and daughters of these non EXTENSION OF REMARKS PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE citizens filled the ranks of· our services. Mr. KEATING asked and was given Mr. JUDD. , Mr. Speaker, I ask unan Many of them paid the supreme sacrifice: permission to extend his remarks in the imous consent to address the House Jor They have rightfully earned for- •their RECORD with reference to a bill he is to 1 minute. parents the privilege of citizenship; day introducing to establish an immi '·The SPEAKER. · Is there objection to Through force-of circumstance or eco gration quota for the state of Israel. the request of the gentleman from Min nomic necessity, in many instances, these UNEMPLo'YMENT INSURANCE nesota [Mr. JuDD]? . parents of large families were denied the There was no objection. ready accessibility to citizenship. _ Mr. VURSELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask - [Mr. JuDD addressed the House. His They were occupied with the problem unanimous consent to address the House remarks appear in the Appendix.] of rearing the future citizens of America. for 1 minute and to revise and extend my They should n·ot be penalized for devo remarks. EXTENSION OF REMARKS tion to so noble a ·duty. Rather, a medal - The SPEAKER. Is there objection to · Mr. JUDD asked and was given per of citizenship should be struck and be the request of the gentleman from llli- mission to extend his remarks in the stowed for meritorious service to this nois [Mr. VURSELL]? . RECORD in three instances: · in each to country. There was no objection. include extraneous material. · There can be no loftier grant, no finer Mr. VURSELL. Mr. Speaker, there Mr. MEYER asked and was given per gesture, than the extension of the much was spent for unemployment insurance mission. to extend his remarks in the cherished ·privilege of American citizen-· rast year $750,000,00:> in a time of full RECORD with reference to the production ship to persons whose moral, spiritual, employment. When I read in the papers of strategic materials. and physical contribution to our great that thousands of people are spending Mr. MACK of Washington (at the re ness produced offspring citizens who have their winters in Florida on unemploy quest of Mr. ToLLEFSON) was given per fought and bled and sacrificed and other ment insurance, it suggests to my mind mission to ext-end his remarks in the wise distinguished themselves as true the old axiom, "Where ignorance is bliss, RECORD. Americans. 'tis folly to be wise." And this suggests KEEPING IDSTORY STRAIGHT ON the following more modern axiom, CHARPENTRY,FRANCE Can there be any hesitancy about ac ':When you can cheat the Government cepting them for citizenship when they by not working and vacation in the sunny Mr. SCRIVNER. Mr. Speaker, I ask have so capably exhibited ·and proved by climes of Florida on unemployment in unanimous consent to address the House actual practice that they possess the surance, why work?" for 1 minute and to revise and extend· my prime requisities for graduation to . That .is what is happening in . thou remarks . actual and official Americanization. · sands of cases, because the administra The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Is this not one of those times when all tion of unemployment insurance has the request of the gentleman from Kan minds concur to make this possible? been so loose that thousands of wage sas [Mr. SCRIVNER]? They fathered and mothered our man earners, when through with one job, re There was no objection. power for the battlefields and for our fuse to take another one, claiming that M-r. SCRIVNER. Mr. Speaker, much arsenals at home, for the professions and the offered employment is not suitable. as I dislike to spoil a good story, I must the arts, and the businesses, and for In too many instances the Government correct the one related in the Washing every field of contributory endeavor that agency obligingly agrees with the job ton Star of Saturday, January 22, 1949, . has brought us to our present position as applicant who goes on unemployment for the sake of historical accuracy. a leading world power. insurance. Many wage earners them In substance the news story stated We would be grateful, for we are a selves refer to unemployment insurance that Capt. Harry Truman, in command grateful people, to do what is clearly as rocking-chair money. To some ex of Battery D, One Hundred and Twenty obvious. tent it has become a Nation-wide racket ninth Field Artillery, "forgot" an order They qualify in every respect but one. for the accommodation of loafers, at the against firing across the divisioll bound Shall we refuse to adopt them legally expense of those who are willing to work. ary separating the Thirty-fifth Divi as our own simply because, unwittingly, Mr. Speaker, New York papers carry sion-Kansas and Missouri National and perhaps unintentionally, we had the story that over 1,000 New Yorkers on Guard-and the Twenty-eighth Divi thrown a road block in their path to unemplGyment insurance are vacation sion-Pennsylvania National Guard-on citizenship. ing in Florida and escaping the more the west side of the Aire River left of the They have proved their worth; they rigorous climate of the North. Thirty-fifth Division in the Muese Ar have earned their fare. Their undeni · From northern Illinois the papers say gonne. able attachment to the principles of that over 200 of these so-called unem The story goes on to say that by for Americanism should impel us to remove ployed are rocki1;1g away their time, also getting the order, Captain Truman that obstacle. basking in the sunshine of Florida. trained his guns on the village of Char- 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 651 pentry, knocked out six guns, and en Bradley, before the Baltimore Rotary The SPEAKER. Is there objection to abled the Twenty-eighth D ivisio~ to cap Club. ·the request of the gentleman from Utah ture Charpentry with little loss of life Mr. HARVEY Project Teachingand Grants-In- Research Intramural grants-in-aid aid to medi- aid to research cal schools, construc Other Total research fellowships States tion grants National H eart Instittite. _------$257, 009 I $1, 463, 300 '$226, 600 $175,000 $512,079 ~2. fi33, 988 National Cancer Institnte.------2, 7€0, 000 2, 9!!5, 000 2, 500,000 -$8.-ooo."ooo· 2, 445, 000 22,000, 000 N ational Mental Heo.lth Institute______57, 600 3,~~g: ~ 1, 530,000 3, 550,000 ------3, 420, 400 9, 028,000 Tuberculosis. ___ ------. ___ .------.------675, 000 1€01, 666 7,900 6, 7'JO,OOO ------1, 878,500 9, !l53,066 VenereaL . . __ . _._. ___ ..•. _____ ------_____ 678, 763 3 637,664 3,650 15,008, 507 ------1, 589, 338 17, 917, 922 Arthritis and rheumatism. _------106, 284 7,300 (•) ------·------113, 584 D eaths associated with childbirth (maternal, stillbirth, neonatal)------62,971 3, 600 ------6fi, 5il Dental Institute ______.------____ ---.------_ 173, 725 168,928 33,550 ------1, 000, 000 1, 376,203 1 Represents actual commitments at this time. Amount budgeted for this purpose is $1,875,000. 2 Inclu des $5l,EOO for research fellowships awarded at this time. .Amount budgeted for this purpose is $150,000. a Plus antibiotics. •Unspecified amount included In $11,214,666 oi general health grants. The SPEAKER. The time Of the gen the House with reference to the death the House the passing of a respected tleman from New York .. [Mr. JAVITS] of a former Member. former Member of this body. has expired. · The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Theodore Christianson, three times the request of the gentleman from Min Governor of Minnesota and a Member of THE LATE HONORABLE THEODORE nesota [Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN]? the Seventy-third and Seventy-fourth CHRISTIANSON There was no objection. Congresses from that State, dieq sudden !l.fr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Speak Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr. Speak ly at his home near Dawson. Minn.. on er, I ask unanimous consent to address er, it is with deep regret that I report to December 9, 1948. '652 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HQUSE JANUARY 27 Born in Lac qui Parle township of eyes can no longer read, nor his ears hear the own success did not change him, and he was Lac qui Parle County, Minn., in 1883, he praises and .accolades. ~ever so content as when spending his vaca graduated from the University of Minne . His public service ·is well known to Senti tions in his home community and realizing nel readers, as is his ab111ty as a writer and some of the dreams and plans he had made sota in 1906 and won his law degree speaker. For many years Ted Christianson's for his declining years. there in 1909. He then started prac opinions appeared in these columns while Ted Christianson was always planning for tice in Dawson, Minn., 9 miles from where he was editor and publisher of the Sentinel, the future, and just a brief hour before his he was born, and also acquired the Daw and !rom this chair he went on to fame and death was talking of plans he had .for his son Sentinel, which he published until !ortune. He was a self-made man, and his home when he and his wife returned from 1925. He served in the State legislature attainments came from his own efforts and their anticipated winter holiday in Florida. from 1914 until his first term as Governor. abillties. He knew first hand the struggles Had his plims materialized, the world would His many friends in Congress will re and privations of pioneer life, and through have oeen richer, for a part of his plans in that experience learned the valuable lesson cluded the writing of several articles and member him as a friend of the farmer of thrift and honesty, qualities which re possibly a book. His keen mind and sound and small business. While in Congress mained with him throughout his entire life. philosophy of living won for him the kind of he opposed huge Government spending His ability was recognized by others early life most of us seek and never find. ttnd centralization of power in the Fed in life, and it was the prediction of his min Ted Christianson was a great man, and eral Government and as Governor of our ister during his confirmation days that Theo above all a great friend . .We can think of no State gave the people of Minnesota a dore Christianson would go on to greatness, better way to express our feelings.than to say splendid administration. becoming either a governor or a United that we shall sincerely miss him. After he left Congress he first became . States Senator. The first prediction came true, and Minnesota was given 6 years of associated with the National Association State administration which set a pattern of "MORE TED, LESS TAXES" of Retail Grocers and later in 1939 be achievement which has not been reached Theodore Christianson's first campaign for ~ame public relations counsel for the Na since. Economy and honesty in government Governor of Minnesota was opened a quarter tional Association of Retail Druggists. was an imperative creed with Theodore of a century ago by Gunnar Bjornson in the In fact, he had just retired in October Christianson, and though there were those weekly Minnesota Mascot with an editorial from the drug association and had among his political family who failed him, titled "More Ted, Less Taxes." The slogan planned to enjoy his retirement bY.~pend Theodore Christianson lived up to his struck the popular fancy and helped Chris ing his summers on his farm near Daw pledges made during his first campaign. His tianson win three terms as Governor. Econ was a political courage rare in the annals of omy was his platform and he carried it out son and his winters in Florida, but fate State history. with a consecration few men show in public decided otherwise. We could devote this entire page in an office. Ted was a very scholarly man and was attempt to pay just tribute to the career of Christianson was a farm boy who worked always seeking avidly further knowledge. Dawson's greatest citizen, but others, more his way through school to a law degree. He He was a good customer of book shops, able than we, will speak of nearly every phase believed that self-reliance was a splendid as eVidenced by his large private library of his life. We want to devote our tribute asset for the individual and that thrift was a Jn which every book was well marked to the quality which we home folks -knew virtue to be cultivated in private living and with notations and comments. His was better than anyone else-his friendliness. government administration. Thus he found not a superficial knowledge, for from his We hope we will be pardoned for referring himself out of step with later political to our personal experience with Ted Chris thought which held that a nation could earliest college days he had dug deep tianson-we call him Ted, for no one around spend itself out of difficulties. 'into the study of history, politics, eco here called him anything but that. He was · Now Theodore Christianson has passed on nomics, and literature. the kind of a man for whom one felt a per and his philosophy seldom is heard in public · He was the author of Minnesota: a sonal friendship at the first meeting. places. Yet it still persists in the minds of History of the State and Its People, Back in 1916 Ted Christianson gave the men, like a voice of conscience, and some day 'Which is one of the most scholarly his commencement address to a class of six sen may be brought into the open again. tories of our great State. He also edited iors at Belview. The writer was one of those The former Governor himself is not for six, and though we do not remember the gotten by any who knew him, for he was an :the National Association of Retail Drug message the speaker gave to us that night, we gists Journal and wrote numerous arti able, honest, and ftie~dly figure. He ran do remember that it exerted a powerful in the Dawson Sentinel for many years and the cles on government which were published fluence on us. We did not meet Ted Chris loyalty of the country press to him was in our foremost magazines. tianson again until in 1921. We were filling almost unanimous. As· Governor and Con He had two sons, Robe9t James and the position of superintendent of schools at gressman, he lived up to the responsibility Theodore, Jr., by his first wife, Mrs. Ruth Milan at that time, and, remembering the this placed upon him. He served his State E. Donaldson Christianson, who died in 1916 speech, we came over to Dawson to se and his own ideals welL-Minneapolis Star cure the services of Ted Christianson for our Journal. 1944. He married his second wife, Mrs. commencement exercises at Milan. We do Mayme B. Bundy, of Chicago, TIL, in 1S46. not remember that speech, either, but we do Last October he and Mrs. Christian- . recall that there was the same magnetic ap HIS MONUMENTS ENI:URE son came to Washington to visit at the peal. Our acquaintanceship ripened from Theodore Christianson, who died near his home of his brother, Mr. Curtis A. that time on, and many were the times that old home at Dawson, Thursday night, was Christianson. He spent a whole day at an encouraging word or an inspiring con the descendant of territorial pioneers, who versation with him gave us a needed lift. came from Norway to settle in western the Capitol visiting all the haunts so fa- During our superintendency of the Dawson Minnesota. He was the first native son of a . miliar to him. His one regret was that schools we felt the need for a change of pro native son to become Governor of the State. Congress was not in session so that he fession. we-discussed this with some friends, Editing a five-volume history of Minnesota, could see his old friends. It is quite and Mr. and Mrs. Christianson heard of our in 1935, Christianson paid tribute to the out possible that he had a feeling that it plans and asked us, to come and see them to standing work in that field by the late Wil might be his last visit. talk over a proposition they had for us. Their liam Watts Folwell, as "a monumental I am sure his many friends in Con genuine interest. in our welfare and confi achievement by a man who not only wrote dence in us influenced us to enter a profes history but made it." gress will join in paylng tribute to a sion entirely new to us, and their generosity While the writing sklll he displayed for great statesman and a great American. gave us the opportunity of going into busi years as editor of the Dawson Sentinel marked I insert herewith three editorials, all ness for ourselves. his effort as historian too, it is as a maker printed in the Dawson Sentinel, which so During our nearly 12 years as editor of this of Minnesota history rather than a recorder aptly describe his outstanding career as newspaper there have been times when we of. it that Theodore Christianson will be re a public servant: have been much discouraged, ready to throw membered. Few men ever came to the gov in the sponge and try something else. How ernorship better prepared for its duties. TED CHRISTIANSON: A FRmND ever, encouraging letters and talks during Thrpugh 8 years in the House, much of that Newspapers all over the State of Minnesota Mr. Christianson's frequent visits gave us the time chairman of its Appropriations Commit will pay tribute to Theodore Christianson needed impetus to keep going. He always tee, he had an intimate, practical knowledge this week, most of whom will probably stress maintained a keen interest in the paper he of State problems and governmental tech his public service. Other editorials on this formerly published and never failed to visit niques. page are expressions from the Twin City the shop one or more times when here on a It seems -old-fashioned in view of more re newspapers, each paying high tribute to the visit. cent trends to recall his emphasis on E!con man who held the respect and esteem of men What Ted Christianson did for us is just omy as governor: But it was part of his con and women of all political faiths. Ted Chris one example of the influence his friendllness cept of stewardship of a public trust. He tianson was no ordinary man, but like so exerted. He was of the common people, and believed government should abide by the many others who have achieved greatness, neither wealth nor fame made any difference same fundamental rules as to efficiency and the bouquets come after death when his in his treatment of his host of friends. His economy which private business applies. And . . ~ ~ - 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 653 he fUrthered that objective in the Reor.. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to · clung with tenacity to the heritage of a ganization Act .of 1925, which rates as the the request of the gentleman from pioneer society in the prairies of the North• greatest achievement in .his 6-year adminis Texas·? west. tration as chief executive. · After he was graduated from the high Institution of the preaudit system of budg.. There was no objection. IChool at Dawson, Minn., he matriculated at eting and the maintenance of safeguards The article referred to follows: the University· of Minnesota and was gradu against spending State funds simply because DEATH COMES TO THEODORE 9HRISTIANSON ated v.'ith the bachelor of arts degree in 1906. it may be possible to spend them are fun TheOdore Christianson, editor emeritus of Then he served as principal of the public damentals of reorganized State government the NARD Journal, died on December 9 from school of Robbinsdale, Minn., a suburb of that brought sweeping reforms when Chris a heart attack while en route to his farm Minneapolis, and at the same time studied tianson introduced them as Governor. They home near Dawson, Minn. He was 65 years law at the University of Minnesota to earn remained as time-tested essentials in such old on September 12. the bachelor of laws degree in 1909. Soon changes as the new reorganization act of 1939 Mr. Christianson was a former Governor of thereafter he purchased the Dawson (Minn.) brought. Minnesota and he had served two terms in Sentinel and he combined publication of The same traits ·or dependability and lead Congress. He left behind an exemplary rec the newspaper with the practice of law at ership marked Theodore Christianson's career ord of service, one that men in political posi Dawson. in private business as had distinguished his tions today might well try to follow, for .tt One of the teachers on his staff in the work as State legislator, Governor and Con was made through individual acceptance of public school at Robbinsdale was Miss· Ruth gressman. The last public appearance he the highest concepts of citizenship. He gave Donaldson. They were married in 1907 and made in Minnesota was when called here to to public service the fullest measure of the to them two sons were born, Robert James dedicate a memorial to the late C. M. Bab abilities he FOSsessed and conscientious and Theodore, Jr. Both are attorneys; the cock, highway commissioner, at Elk River. recognition of the responsibilities that ac former practices in Minneapolis, the latter He described as the most enduring monument company election to an office of government. in St. Paul. Mrs. Christianson died in 1944. .to Babcock's career the State trunk highway The ideals that guided him are the beacons Mr. Christianson was married again in 1946, system which he made ~ reality. Theodore of the Declaration of Independence and the to Mrs. Mayme Bunde, of Chicago. Christianson leaves his own enduring monu Constitution of the United States of America. Mr. Christianson was elected to the Minne ment in the high caliber of his civil leader Mr. Christianson had been a stalwart sota House of Representatives in 1914 and ship, and in technical phases of State gov fighter through the years for the basic values he served six terms, during four of which he ernment, reforms he fostered will endure, of a society built on the bedrock of freedom. was chairman of the important appropria even long after their origins may have_ been Never once did he· compromise on issues tions committee. Then in 1925 he was elected forgotten. (St. Paul Pioneer Press.) coupled to the fundamentals of liberty. He Governor on th·e Republican ticket. He held fast to convictions he derived from in served three terms in the office and became Mr. O'HARA of Minnesota. Mr. tensive study of history. It pained him to see recognized as one of the greatest chief ex Speaker, will the gentleman yield? the people betrayed through the treachery of ecutives-in the history of Minnesota. For a. Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. I yield. political leaders they had been induced to time thereafter he was associated with a · Mr. O'HARA- of Minnesota. Mr. follow. He was troubled over the expansion manufacturer in Minneapolis. In 1932 he ·Speaker, I join with 'my colleagues in of bureaucracy in government. "The conse was elected a Representative ·in Congress. quence will be dictatorship," he often ob Mter he had served two terms, he became paying tribute to Theodore Christianson. served. a candidate for United States Senator but :He was an outstanding and one of the For a long time he had been much con was defeated in the leftward swing of the ablest governors in the history of our cerned anent the struggles of small business majority of the people of Minnesota. State. As a member of the State legis to survive. On numerous occasions he point Mr. Christianson then accepted the man lature and as Governor of our State he ed to the onward march of monopoly. · "It agership of the National Association of Re left a magnificent record-in legislation is bound to bring collectivism unless it is tail Grocers. He continued in that position , and in his program during his service as stopped before it is too late to save small until NARD's executive secretary, John W. Governor-which is a monument to his business," he emphasized. He believed that Dargavel, induced him to join its headquar 1t had become compulsory to enact legisla ters staff. ability as a legislator and Governor. tion to make it illegal for corporate empires It seems appropriate to quote the final · Theodore Christianson was a man of to purchase the assets of competitors . 'Words Mr. Christianson spoke in the tara .. outstanding scholarly ··attainments, an "Otherwise monopoly will continue 'to grow well message to the independent retail drug . able speaker, a gentleman of culture and unchecked," he insisted. He also took the gists delivered at the g:Jlden jubilee of the integrity. position that the laws against trusts must be NARD: The State of Minnesota has in my modified to allow individual retailers to come "Those who established this country had a. together in. concerted action to bargain with dream, the finest dream ever conceived by opinion lost one of its ablest sons and I the manufacturers. He argued that now the man- join in tribute to an outstanding Ameri .small dealers were compelled to operate as ·" 'Here on this soil began the kingdom, not can who gave so many years of his life best they could in an uphill fight against of kings but men; in the public service. the unfair tactics of the producers. Began the making of the world again, Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the Mr. Christianson joined the headquarters Where equal rights and equal bonds were gentleman yield? staff of the NARD as public-relations counsel set, Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. I yield to in 1939. To the position he brought a thor• Where all the people equal-franchised met, the gentleman from Texas. ough knowledge of economics and a back Where doom was writ o.f privilege and ground of experience that gave him familiar crown, Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I had ity with the force of public opinion. The Where human breath blew all the idols the privilege of knowing Governor Chris programs he developed to help the independ down, tianson ·for at least 20 years. He was ent retail druggists were realistic and in line Where crests were naught, where vulture one of the finest and best men I .ever with the problems of the individual retailers. flags were furled, knew. He was not only an able and wise He traveled over the country to arouse small And common men began to own the world I' business to the necessity for united action, man but he was also a very intelligent and everywhere he went he stimulated mili "That was the American dream. To make man in every way. He was a good, genu tant activities against the destroyers of free it come true must be your continuing ob ine, public-spirited citizen; he was civic dom of enterprise. He also wrote numerous jective.'' minded and always working in the inter articles to advance the cause of independent Mr. JUDD. Mr. Speaker, will the gen est of his country; he was truly a great retail druggists and small business in gen tleman yield? American. eral. To him it was an obligation of citizen Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. I yield. Gnvernor Christianson during his life ship to strive for the preservation of the Mr. JUDD. Mr. Speaker, a great was famous and outstanding· as a lawyer, way of life that built the United States. Then in 1945 he became editor of the NARD teacher once said, "By their fruits ye newspaper publisher, historian, State Journal. He continued in that position un shall know them." legislator, Governor, Congressman, pub til he retired on November 1, 1948. The final It was not my privilege to know well licist, organization worker, and militant contribution he made to the independent Governor Christianson, a former Mem protagonist of small business. His pass retail druggists was the farewell address he ber of this House, because I did not come ing is a great loss to the entire country, delivered at the golden jubilee convention to the State of Minnesota until about of the NARD. It was published in full in Mr. Speaker, I · as~ unanimous consent the time when he was leaving active to include in connection with my re the NARD Journal dated November 1. Mr. Christianson was born on a farm in public life; but, judged by the fruits he marks an article which-_appeared in the Lac qui Parle County, Minn. He was a son left, which are visible to all in Minne journal of the National Association of of Robert and Emma Christianson. They sota, the imprint he made on the hearts Retail Druggists shortly· after Governor· were of Tugged stock 11nd from them he first ·of his fellow citizens, the record on the Christianson's death. leaTned the great lessons of liberty. He" statute books, in public works, and in ~654 CON~RESSIONAL RECORD-HOUHE advancing every other good cause in the MEMBERS OF JOINT CO~ITTEE- OF i_ngton•s· Birthday, ·Jackson Day, Jeffer Stat~ of Minnesota, he was a truly great CONGRESS son Day, Jeff Davis Day in the great man. I can think of no person who has Mrs. NORTON. Mr. Speaker, I offer Southland, and Columbus Day are typical left larger footprints in the sands of time a resolution It is perhaps characteristic of su~h a. It is. with the faith of that great spirit written by the Honorable William Tyler selfless leader that so personal a thing that those issues will be solved. Page, a former Clerk of this House, and a as his own birthdate should be perpetu The name and memory of Franklin very fine man. ·I had the pleasure and ated primarily as an. occasion for les D. Roosevelt will live in the minds of privilege of knowing him several years sening the pain and sorrow of thos~ with people everywhere for all time. before he passed away. A prize was of-: whom he felt a special kinship. EXTENSION OF REMARKS fered, at least, a premium was offered I say this because of all the splendid of $1,000 to the one who wrote the best Mr. PATMAN asked and was given per American creed. The Honorable William qualities with which God and nature mission to extend his remarks in the endowed him, the most notable was his Tyler Page won that prize of $1,000. The RECORD in two instances and include American's Creed is exactly 100 words. humanitarianism. statements and excerpts. He conceived of government as an in In ·that creed, that was adopted by this The SPEAKER. Under previous order House of Representatives, our Govern strumentality for the service of man. of the House, the gentleman from Texas Every piece of the major legislation ment and our system and form of gov ... [Mr. PATMAN] is recognized for 30 min ernment is described as ''a democracy in which marked the social revolution of utes. his administrations was purposely de a Republic." · signed to alleviate the social conditions THE· EIGHTY -FIRST CONGRESS-SMALL WHO IS THE REAL SOCIALIST of the masses he lovE.d. BUSINE~8-PRESIDENT TRUMAN EN· In connection with small business, as I His enemies-which are those also of TITLED TO COOPERATION OF CON· said a while ago, we want to continue to the commonalty-were fear, want, pov GRESS IN EFFORT TO AID SMALL BUSI have the kind of business we have had erty, social injustice, physical suffering, NESS in the past. Many people are disturbed. and human indignity. , Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, small I am impressed with the fact that the He battled . them with the shining business men have the right to expect people who seem to be disturbed the most swords of charity, social justice, good a lot from the Eighty-first Congress. and are making the most noise are the will, humane philosophy, and democratic The plain people of this country, gener ones who are putting our country in the government. ally, have a right to expect a lot out of direction of socialism. In war and in peace, his sole ,concern the Eighty-first Congress. President I ask the question, Who is a real was centered around the rights of man, Truman is known as a friend of the Socialist in this country, the person who both as an individual and as a member small-business man. His · every heart has nothing but a loud voice advocating of society. throb and every pulse beat have been socialism or the big man who is putting He subscribed wholeheartedly to the on the side of small business and against the units of an industry all in one pack deathless principle that the salvation of monopoly. We have, too, fortunately, age and making it ripe for Government the world lay in the recognition and ef a fine Attorney General of the United ownership and control? States selected by President Truman to fectuation of the brotherhood of man SOCIALISTS BELIEVE IN MONOPOLY under the fatherhood of God. enforce the antitrust laws of our coun What is more, he acted, resolutely and try. . He is the Honorabl~ Tom Clark Dr. Steinmetz was one of the most courageously, upon that principle; and from the State of Texas. The people of famous scientists and engineers in the he did so to the extent that the most this Nation are proud of him because of world, I presume, before his death. He fruitful years of his energetic life were the fine way that he has enforced the was the chief consulting engineer of the dedicated to the gradual attainment of antitrust laws fearlessly, fairly, and im General Electric Co., quite. a big company that sublime goal at home· and abroad. partially. He is alert; he is able; and at that time as well as now. He was a He so lived in accordance with his high he certainly is on the side of the people Socialist. He admitted he was a Socialist. principles that at his death he be and small business and against monop He believed in socialism, he advocated queathed the pattern of them for the olistic practices and monopolies. It is socialism, and he made speeches for gUidance of America and the edification now up to Congress to do something. socialism. of the wotld. We must provide money and enact One day he was asked by an inquiring The impress of his greatness is all needed laws. The prjvate enterprise person in his audience, "Why is it, Dr. around us. system built our country. It is the finest Steinmetz, that you are a Socialist, yet This nation is stronger and greater and greatest system in the world. We you work for one of the biggest concerns because he has lived in it, gave himself want to preserve and protect that sys in the United States, that is more grasp to it, and died in its· service. tem. We do not want socialism, com ing -all the time and getting larger all the It is true that his beloved land and munism, or fascism. We want the Amer time? How can you be consistent under the community of nations which he·strug ican system, the democratic system, those circumstances?'' · gled to bring into the sunshine of peace A DEMOCRACY IN A ~EPUBLIC He said, ~'That is easy. I am a firm be and prosperity have not yet attained The question has been raised in this liever in socialism and I know that the the goal. country about whether or not we 'have quicker you have monopoly in this coun But the influence of his dynamic lead a democratic form of government. Some try the quicker we will have socialism." ership still gives an impetus toward that have suggested it is a republican form There is a very short step from mo goal, and the vanguard of the march of of government. Without discussing the nopoly in any industry to socialism in the peoples of the world toward it is matter in detail, it is true that under our the Government. I think · Dr. Stein led by the spirit of Franklin Delano Constitution of the United States each metz was right, I think he was very con Roosevelt. State is guaranteed a republican form of sistent in advocating monopoly for the It was his incessant prayer that man government, but at the same time there purpose of arriving at socialism. kind should so advance in understanding, is nothing said about the kind of gov It has happened in other countries, in friendship, and good will that discord ernment that is guaranteed as a Fed Engla~d recently, when only six com would vanish from the face of the earth. eral Government. However our Govern panies had control of the steel produc That prayer is still our aspiration. ment set-up is unquestionably a repre tion and the Government of Great On Sunday next, if God had. spared sentative democracy. !t will be remem Britain took over the steel production. him to us, Franklin Roosevelt would bered that a State cannot impair the ob It has happened the same way in other have been 67 years old. The vibrant ligation of contracts. That is prohib industries. When you get an industry in voice, the friendly smile, the . warm ited by the Federal Constitution. But, one package, it is almost invariably handclasp, the generous heart-all these the Federal Government is not restrained taken over by the Government. are no more. But the ageless spirit of or prevented from impairing the obliga If you will read the platform of the the man abides with us. tion of contracts. .There is a difference Republican Party and the Democratic That spirit is abroad today. It is a between the States and the Federal Gov- Party for the past 50 years, you will see part of the spiritual fabric ·of America ernment. . in practically every platform this or sim which holds the courage of his people to In 1918 the House of Representatives ilar language, "Private monopoly is in the great moral issues Which beset the adopted what has been known and is defensible and cannot be tolerated." If world today. known as the American's Creed. It was you will :~_~_!~_e So~~~~ platfo_:m, you :656 CONGR-ESSIONAL. RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 27 will find that they advocate that· the now, a G. I., for instance, who goes out and the· Federal Trade Commission, will Government should own the trusts. It is and borrows his money in the open mar~ give these small-business men a chance. perfectly consistent with Dr. Steinmetz's ket, and who must pay interest on it )'hey do not have that chance now. teachings that the Government should what chance has such a young man So that is No. 1. own the trusts. So when a few people against the huge concern that does not No. 2: We need some new laws. We become the owners of the steel industry have to borrow its money, which has cannot keep up with a growing country or the automobile industry or the elec costless capit_al? What chance has the like it is today, a quarter of a trillion tric industry or any other industry, that young man against that concern? _ dollars-$250,000,000,000 national debt...:.. industry becomes ripe for Government I want to explain to you about costless without new problems arising every day. ownership, and then it will be almost capital. That is a new thing that has Those new problems have arisen now, irresistible. been brought up in recent years. It is and we must have new laws to take care The plea is that the Government used to destroy small business. Last of them. should own, that private monopoly is in year the large corporations of this coun For instance, in Illinois 2 years ago defensible and intolerable and therefore try earned more than $35,000,000,000. they had a famous case, known as United we must prevent private monopoly. We After the payment of taxes they had States against the Great Atlantic & must not allow a few people to own any more than $21,000,000,000, which is about Pacific Tea Co. The judge there decided one particular industry. It must be four times as much as they ever earned that the national corporate chains were scattered and all people should be given before in any one year prior to World harmful to the independent merchants an opportunity to engage in any busi War II. of the country. It finally developed that ness that they want to engage in and be STOCKHOLDER-FORGOTTEN MAN this great concern sold goods at a loss protected from unfair competition. Now, what did they do with that $21,- in certain stores, for the purpose of de I have a statement here which was de 000,000,000? Did they pay it to the stroying a competitor. Then, after the livered before our Committee on Small stockholders as they used to pay it to competitor was destroyed, of course the Business last November by the Honorable the stockholders before World War II, price would go up. We need a law to Wendell Berge, formerly in charge of when they paid 70 percent of their earn prevent thfl,t being ·done, and permitting antitrust prosecutions in the Department ings to the stockholders? No, they did the person doing it to get a tax advantage of Justice of the United States under the not do that. The stockholder in this on it, like it is now. When the A. & P. present Attorney General, Han. Tom country is becoming the forgotten man. so~d at a loss in 29 percent of its stores Clark. This is such an interesting state Since World War II these corporations it could take a ·tax deduction on those ment I am going to insert it in the REc have been retaining 65 to 70 percent of losses, and it did· not lose so much. When ORD in connection with my remarks. their earnings, and only paying out 30 to it lost there, it was made up at other He brings out some points such as this: 35 cents on the dollar to their stock places. So under our present system We hear a great deal about the trust-bust holders. So that means out of these the United States Government is, in ef ing policies of President Theodore Roosevelt, $21,000,000,000, $7,000,000,000 were pafd fect, subsidizing the destruction of pri but even when you survey h is 7-year admin istration you find that relativeiy few suits to their stockholders, only. Fourteen vate independent business in this coun were instituted. The fame which he at billion dollars were retained as earnings try. That should not be permitted. Our tained as a trust buster rests largely on sev to be used to acquire new plants, new t&x laws should be changed to pre':'ent it. eral cases-the Northern Securities case, the equipment, unrelated business, and even USING PROFITS TO BUY COMPETITORS Packers case, the Standard Oil case, and the their competitors, in some cases. Tobacco case. I do not mean to underesti Another law should be enacted to pre How did they get that money? By vent these concerns from acquiring their mate the import ance of those cases. They high prices. That is how they got it. were important as landmarks. competitors as they are doing now, and When they needed capital they simply putting them' out of business . . The.he:id Then he says: · raised the prices. So, what chance has of one of the biggest-''food companies in In the Theodore Roosevelt administration the average businessman in competition the -united States testified before our the average number of lawyers in active with these huge concerns who have got committee, the Joint Committee onEco service on antitrust matters was five. Five ten their capital from the consumers of lawyers cannot do very much in policing nomic Report, during November 1948, America? It is absolutely costless to that his concern had spent undistributed against the monopoly practices of the whole them. What chance has the small-busi industry of America. profit's am'ounting to $50,000,000 in the In the Wilson administration when the ness man in a case like that? I ask you. . past 4 years to b_uy up a large number of World War had caused prices to skyrocket, So, who is really the Socialist in this industries, naming them, ~nd some of the number of lawyers engaged in this work country? The little fellow who honestly them were competitors of that concern. rose to 18. In the 1920s, when corporate believes in socialism, who has not had Something should be done abou~ that. · mergers proceeded at a fantastic pace, t~e the right break in life and is pretty number of lawyers engaged in antitrust en noisy about what· he believes? Or is it REGULATION W forcement did not exceed 25. Not until 1938 the big-business man, the big industrial Then ~ have a problem, which I were as many as 50 lawyers actually employed ist, who is putting industries together in think is serious, in the restriction of in this work and not until 1939 did the pro credit. I hope it does not go too far. fessional personnel reach 200 lawyers and. a one package, and making them ready for half dozen economists. For almost its whole Government ownership? We will have You will recall we had a panic in 1920 life, the antitrust division has been a kind Socialism in this country much quicker because credit was restricted. It caused of corporal's guard. through monopoly than we will have any banks to. call loans, _and when you call one loan it causes repercussions not only I call that to your attention and I hope other way. We do not want it either way. in that community but all over that sec you will read the entire statement by tion of the country, dependent on the Han. Wendell Berge at the end of these So, the way to prevent socialism is to enforce the antitrust law. That js size of the loan, of course. That caused remarks so that you will realize the need a big depression in 1929-32. The lack for sufficient money for the Department No. 1. We must do that. We have a lot of people in this country in business and of credit contributed to this depressio·n. of Justice to enforce antitrust laws of The Federal Reserve Board doubled, or this country and I will add sufficient industry. Of course, generally they are very fine people, fine men and women. increased 100 percent, if you please, the money for the Federal Trade Commis reserve requirements of the banks in sion, too, because the Federal Trade We all like them and respect them. We admire them. But. in every business and 1937, a very drastic action that almost Commission is engaged in important threw our country into a tailspin and work in connection with the prevention industry ·we have some Captain Kidds who are not willing to play according to another depression. Finally we came of mergers, monopolies, and trusts, and out of that. A credit squeeze can cause for the protection of small business. the Golden Rule. They are always tak ing an unfair advantage of their com a ·depression quicker in an economy such COSTLESS CAPITAL petitors and their customers. So to ta:ke as our: own, i~ ~ - country like our own, There is something that has been care· of ·theni, "the people · who are· not than any otqer, one thing that can po·s brought up during the last few years in willing to just live and let live, but who sib}y be .don~. I .. will admit that there connection with the raising of capital for want to get that unfair advantage, we are other things that· may be more im small businesses, which was unknown be have laws, and those laws, if properly portant, but it is very important at this fore. What chance has a young man enforced by the Department of Justice time because it atrects so. man~ people, 1949 CONGRESSIONAL ·RECORD-HOUSE '657- that is regulation W: -The Federal Re- "Repm:ts fro~ . thro1,1gh9ut the Natio~ th~t We ~ must haye good prices and good . serve Board came before us last year and · regulation W is imposing grave hardships on . wages or we cannot pay the national persons of small incomes who must use a asked Congress to. give them, the Board motorcar in their work or business greatly debt in honest dollars. We must do that. pf Governors, power to place restrictions disturbed members of -the National Automo Who is going to say when prices are · on credit, on goods sold on the install bile Dealers Association meeting here today. too high? Have we left that to the Fed- · ment plan; and we gave them that power "So serious did the association's executive . eral Reserve Board? No, we have not left with the understanding, we thought, committee regard the situation that it issued that to the Federal Reserve Board; but it that they would use it discreetly and '. a special statement strongly urging the Fed seems like the Board is attempting to with great caution, and they had no idea eral Reserve Board anew to take remedial usurp that function, that duty, and that action immediately. The Board is author in mind of putting back these same· ized to ease tlie present time-payment terms obligation, if you please. I think it is drastic terms, for instance, on automo of one-third down and the remaining two going too far and is having a very harm biles, that they had during the war; but thirds in 18 months whenever it sees fit. ful effect on our country. after we gave them the power the old The Board now has before it a request from MUST HAVE HIGH NATIONAL INCOME drastic terms were not exactly reim the association that the time-payment period be extended to 24 months. Mr. Speaker, this debt is a large one posed, one-third down and the balance but it is not impossible. We can pay it to be paid in 15 months as under the "The statement said, 'The executive com mittee of NADA has heard with renewed con in only one way, however, and that is old terms, but what is nearly as drastic, cern from thousands of its 35,000 members with a high national income. We must one-third down and the remainder in 18 attending its national convention here that have an income of over $200,000,000,000 months. This is causing a great credit the application of regulation W is hurting a year, which means we will have to have restriction in our country today, and a persons of small income who must have cars a national product of between two hun lot of people who would like to have· to help them earn a livelihood. ·workers who must travel long distances to their em dred and twenty-five and two hundred automobiles and who should own them' and forty billion dollru:s a year. In order in their own busine.ss, cannot get them· ployment and small-business men who use cars for making deliveries and other gainful to have that high .national income we because of these credit restrictions. Un purposes are being hit especially hard. Most must have good wages and good prices. der present requirements a person must of them are able to make the initial pay-. There is no other way to do it. If the have an income of $5,000 a year before' ment, but find it impossible in many cases Federal Reserve Board or any other he is able to provide himself and family .to meet the stibsequerit 1& months' require- power takes upon themselves the obliga with a home and an automobile. First ments. · · tion and purpose of arbitrarily reducing he must buy his home way out, or out " 'These payments, even on the smallest prices or wages, it is going too far and it in the country, and ordinarily to get cars, now approximate $100 per month. Of course, persons in the low-income brackets is going against the interests of the peo there and back he must have some kind simply cannot meet such terms. ple of our Nation. of motor-vehicle transportation. By the " 'This is not a question of dealers beil).g Mr. NICHOLSON. Mr. Speaker, will time he mak~s a· d·own payment on that unable to move all the cars they can get. the gentleman yield? :pome and promises a payment of so· They can do that . because there are enough Mr. PATMAN. I yield to the gentle much a month he does not have enough customers with higher incomes ready and man from Massachusetts. money left to buy an automobile for ~ble to buy all available new cars. But the Mr. NICHOLSON. May I ask the gen transportation unless he. has an income ~igher-income classes generally do not need, cars to help them make a living. Therefore, tleman how he accounts for small busi of $5,000 or more. the regulation puts pressure. on the segment nesses increasing to the extent of 100,000 CHARACTER BEST SECURITY of car buyers least able to stand it. in the past year? I am a firm believer in character as "'NADA has previously called the atten Mr. PATMAN. That is not unusual at security as much as 1; am in money. tion of the Fe·deral Reserve Board to the sit all. You know small businesses go out uation as refiected by scattered reports anct' of existence every night and a lot of new Some of the best and finest people on the Board has been investigating this lim earth are people who have character to ited number of cases and otkers brought to ones come into busine~s the ver.y next use in the place of money-and often his attention. Since arriving here, however, day. It depends upon the type of·busi times you would just as soon have char your executive committee has learned from ness in which they are engaged. Before acter as to have money. We must en dealers representing all States that com World War II normally about 1,000 busi courage people with character. These plaints against the harsh terms of the regu• nesses went out every night and about people after building up a good character lation are general. 1,000 came in the. next morning. There and fine reputation over a period of a "'We, therefore, are again urging the Board are many small businesses arid many dif to give the small buyers relief immediately.' ferent types, so it is not unusual for lifetime want to buy something but find "Informal discuss!ons looking to amend themselves restricted and denied that ment of the regulation by congressional ac them to increase in that manner. privilege because of regulation W. Oth tion in case the Board continues to decline Mr. EVINS. · Mr. Speaker, will the ers less deserving are able to buy any~ to modify the terms of the regulation have gentleman yield? thing they want. been held. Thus far, however, NADA has . Mr. PATMAN. I yield to the gentle made no direct appeal to Congress for legis RELAX REGULATION W man from Tennessee. lative assistance." Mr. EVINS. May I commend the gen I have appealed to the Federal Reserve MAN-MADE ' RECESSION UNJUSTIFIED tleman. It is well known that he is the Board to relax that restriction and to champion of small business and free en make it at least 24 months instead of 18, I was told by a member of the Federal terprise in our country. He has made a but to no avail. They are always niakihg Reserve Board that we should have are splendid statement. He is also coauthor a new study, a new investigation. It cession, that the quicker we have a reces of the Robinson-Patman Act intended to occurs to me that something should be sion the better off this country will be. give the small-business man, the small done, and done quickiy. The widespread That was the most shocking thing I ever :Jilerchant, and the independent operator reports could be the begiiming and the heard come from a public official. It in this country a fair deal as against danger sign of something more serious to was very much like the statement made monopolistic enterprise. I want to com come. I am inserting herewith a state by the Federal Reserve Board in 1920 mend the gentleman for the fine state ment adopted January 25, 1949, by the when this country went into a real panic. ment he has made. NADA concerning regulation W. It is· as MUST NOT DOUBLE NATIONAL DEBT Mr. ·PATMAN. I thank the gentle· follows: Why should we have a recession? We man because I know of his interest in NATIONAL. AUT9MOBILE must have good prices, we must have this subject and the fine work performed DEALERS ASSOCIATION, by hfm on the Federal Trade Commis San Franci sco, January 25, 1949. good wages; otherwise we cannot support a $250,000,000,000 national debt. · If it sion before coming to Congress. REGULATION W were possible for this Congress and the Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, will The following is the statement v<;>ted President or some power in our country the gentleman yield? Tuesday, January 25, by the National Auto_ mobile Dealers Association executive com arbitrariiy.to .reduce wages one half an~ Mr. PATMAN.- I yield to tl1e gentle mittee and issued by President BenT. Wright prices one-half we know that woUld have man from California. to voice the feeling of the national conven the same e:tfect as doubling our national Mr. HOLIFIELD. I should like th.e tion of automobile dealers meeting now in debt in what the people have to pay with. gentleman to know that I have watched San Francisco, Cali!.: It would absolutely ruin this· ~ountry:. his work as a member of the Small XCV-42 :sss CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 27 I· Business Committee of the House and Mr. HOLIFIELD. The gentleman has gether control the major output of an indus.. his frequent championing of the cause brought out a very important point try is today the standard. pattern of Ameri· of small business in this House for the there, and that is known in the trade as can business. r' shall not burden you with statistics on past 6 years. He has rendered, in my the vertical set-up; a set-up of the this point. You are :(amiliar with the many opinion, a very valuable service to our manufacturer, the distributor, and the studies of economic concentration which ' American economy. I trust that the retailer of a basic product. That par.. have been made in recent years. The ac• Small Business Committee of the House ticular vertical type of a set-up was ex cumulated evidence in antitrust investiga· will be re-created and does not meet the panded during the war due to the scarce tions, in the volumes of data which have fate of a similar committee in another market and due to the fact that the pro .. been compiled by this very committee, by body. I also hope that the gentleman ducer of scarce articles had a tre .. the temporary National Economic Commit· tee, and by other congressional committees, from Texas will become chairman of that mendous advantage, and they could take reveals the vast extent of monopoly control committee and continue giving the it and distribute it themselves and get in many of our largest industries-the metal Members of the House a place to come the additional profit. Now, that has not lurgical industry, the chemical industry, with their complaints from small busi· only occurred in the steel industry but the electronics and electrical-equipment ness that is being rap'dly ruined by the it has occurred in the textile industry. field, the production of pharmaceuticals, the great monopolistic corporate interests Great vertical set-ups occurred there manufacture of precision instruments and of our country. Being a pretty good.sized and have monopolized to a great extent machines, the distribution of foodstuffs and tobacco, the petroleum ·industry, and even merchant himself he is very familiar with some of our important lines of trade investment banking with its vast control these problems. from the top to the ultimate consumer, over money and credit. This 1s just a Mr. PATMAN. I thank the gentleman. or from the basic producer to the ulti· sampling· of the industries where monopoly Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, Will the mate consumer. That is one of the great control::; are dominant, and it by no means gentleman yield? dangers the gentleman has pointed out, exhausts the list. Mr. PATMAN. I yield to the gentle· and it is through the use of undistributed Concentration man from Louisiana. profits that they are able to do that par The war undoubtedly accelerated thls Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, I want ticular thing. trend toward concentration. More than to add to what previous gentlemen have Mr. PATMAN. I thank the gentle .. two-thirds of all war contracts went to 100 already said in reference to my col man. companies. And the larger companies have ieague's statement today and in refer MONOPOLISTIC AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES shared well in the disposal of surplus plants and property. Since the war numerous cor ence to his work in the past on behalf (Thursday, November 18, 1948, House of Rep porate mergers have taken place which fur .. of small business. I have the honor to resentatives, Subcommittee No. 2 of the ther emphasize the trend toward concentra represent a district adjoining that of the Select Committee on Small Business, Wash tion and monopoly. gentleman from Texas and I have there ington, D. C.) Nearly every political platform of both fore gone out of my way to observe his The subcom~ttee met in room 129, Old major parties since the passage of the Sher· work on behalf of small business during House Office Building, at 9:30a.m., the Hon man Act has demanded its vigorous enforce 1 the time he has been a Member of Con orable William H. Stevenson, presiding. ment. Presidential candidates have almost Present: Representatives William H. Stev invariably promised to outdo their rivals in gress. I remember when he first became enson, R. Walter Riehlman, and Wright Pat chairman of the Small Business ,Com enforcing the law. Even President McKinley, man. who is generally thought of as one of O\lr mittee at the time it was first organized~ Also present: Willis J. Ballinger, economic more conservative Presidents, was vigorous His people have a right to be truly proud counsel. in his vocal denunciation of monopolies. · of the fine work he is_doing for small · Mr. STEVENSON. The meeting will come to And, of courre, the crusades of Theodore business and the small enterprises in his order. Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson are part of part of east Texas. We will have as our :first witness Mr. Wen our recent well-known history. But not r Mr. PATMAN. I thank the gentle dell Berge. withstanding this ideological devotion to free ' man very kindly, and I want to express STATEMENT OF WENDELL BERGE, OF THE DISTRICT enterprise, and our instinctive abhorrence of · appreciation to bini for his splendid OF COLUMBIA BAR monopoly, we have done,very little.in a prac· Mr. BERGE. Mr. Chairman, for the record tical way toward effective antitrust enforce.. cooperation on these small-business mept. ' matters in the past. I might say that my name is Wendell Berge. Lack of vigorous ·enforcement accounts 1 Mr .. Speaker, I want to make one other I am practicing law in Washington as a part for the Sherman Act's ineffectiveness to stem ner in the :firm of Posner, Berge, Fox & Arent. the rising tide of monopoly control. During statement with reference to steel, which I was :first appointed to the staff of the An ! has resulted in a rather alarming situ a large part of the act's history, enforce titrust Division of the Department of Justice ment was little more than a token. Only a ation. I was called up by a fabricator 1n 1930, served as a member of that stflff for small staff was possible under the paltry ap fn the Southwest not so long ago who about 10 years, and during that period I propriation. Few casea were instituted and told me that he could not get steel from was alternate member of the Temporary no attempt was made to apply the law on a his supplier; that his business was over National Economic Committee; and at th-e broad front; to make it really effective, really beginning of 1941 I was appointed Assistant 50 years old, having been founded by his significant as an instrument of economi~ Attorney General by the President and as policy. father. It was founded by his father signed to head the Criminal Division of the ~nd he and his brothers h~d kept it.going Department of Justice. Trust-busting policies of President Theodore Since his father's death. They had been In the middle of 1943, August of that year, Roosevelt making septic tanks and other kinds of I was transferred by the Attorney General We hear a great deal about the trust-bust tanks out of steel, and all at once' the to head the Antitrust Division, and from ing policies of President Theodore Roosevelt. steel company representative told him, August of 1943 until I resigned as of May 1, But even when you survey his 7-year admin ~·You cannot get any more.'' "Why?" 1947, I was head of th~ Antitrust Division. istration you find that relatively few suits Tradition against monopoly were instituted. The fame which he attained ~·well, we do not know; you just cannot as a trust-buster rests largely on several get it.'' The following week a new in Mr. Chairman, there 1s a strong tradition cases-the Northern Securities case, the dustry sprung up in that town owned by In this country against monopoly. This Packers case, the Standard Oil case, and the that steel company, getting all the steel tradition has been expressed in the Sher Tobacco case. it wanted. It was a new industry. That man Antitrust Act and numerous other I do not mean to underestimate the im· is going on all over the country. That is Federal laws, as well as in State legislation. portance 'of those cases. They were impor· the reason they want steel scarce so they We repeatedly assert our faith in free enter tant as landmarks in the judicialinterpreta• prise. We believe in economic opportunity. tion of the law and they were moderately can control it. We lack at least •seven We are against regimentation of business. successful, at least temporarily, in attaining to ten million tons of steel a year now wa want businessmen left as free as possible economic results within the industries with to supply the real domestic demand in to take risks, decide their business policies, which they were concerned. But when you this country. But they want it scarce; and then to succeed in their ventures or fail consider that these cases were instituted over they want to keep it scarce so that they according to their abUities and the whims a 7-year period and that during this very can control this business. . of fortune. · · period many of the i~dustrial giants of the Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, will This is the American phllosophy. And yet :future were being formed in other industries despite the generality of its acceptance, it Which the Department of Justice of that day the gentleman yield? · .has not prevented monopoly from gaining did not challenge, you cannot reach any Mr. PATMAN. I yield to the gentJe .. ground. Indeed, concentration of economic other conclusion than that the Sherman Act man from California. · · · control-in-a sense that a 'few companies to- :was not being e-nforced on a broad front. 1949 CON~RESSIONAL RE.CORD-HQUSE .659 And how could it have been? In the· Theo deal that -you perhaps could regulate mo capitalism in the long run cannot survive dore Roosevelt administration the average nopoly better than to allow competition t.o except under conditions of ft:ee competitiv.e number of lawyers in active service on anti pr9Ceed.. · enterprise, then it follows that as that entet: trust matters was five. Five lawyers cannot Mr. BERGE. I don't think that it is, but I prise is progressively eliminated from our sys do very much in policing against the mo think that if we failed in antitrust enforce stem regimentation of business progressively nopoly practices of the whole industry of ment and if the present trend went on, we takes over. That regimentation, as I have al America. would probably try it. I think the effort ready stated, may at first be private regi In the Wilson administration, when the would be futile in that I don't believe that mentation, but ultimately it would become World War had caused prices to skyrocket, it is po::.sible for government effectively to Government regimentation. the number of lawyers engaged in this work cope with the economic power that true in Economic power ignored rose to 18. In the 1920's, when corporate dustrial monopolies would exercise. I thin,k I maintain that, notwithstanding the mergers proceeded at a fantastic pace, the that what would probably occur, and it is greater enforcement activity of the last 10 number of lawyers engaged in antitrust perhaps rather bold to undertake to make years, we have never broadly applied tll:e enforcement did not exceed 25. Not until a prophecy, which I know is purely spec~ Sherman Act to the concentration of ·eco- 1938 were as many as 50 lawyers actually lative, but taking a long shot into the future, nomic power . in American industry. The employed in this work and not until 1939 I would suppose that over a period of years tools which have been given the Department did the professional personnel reach 200 there would be a sort of a• blending of Gov of Justice are like slingshots-wholly inade lawyers and· a half dozen economists. For ernment and private control, with the mo quate as against the Goliaths of American almost its whole life the Antitrust Division nopolies in effect controlling the Govern industry. Admitting that the antitrust laws has been a kind of corporal's guard. ment. can in some respects be strengthened by leg If you could assume that the techniques islative action, I do not think that the pri More suits last 10 years than 48 Y_ears before of regulation were sufficiently good to bring About 10 years ago there occurred some mary difficulty is with the laws themselves. about a real control of monopoly by the There are new laws that ought to be passed, thing. of an awakening as to the significance Government, with Government actually in such as the Kefauve~ bill to amend section of the econ omic concentration that was oc the saddle, it would take a bureaucracy of cm·ring. The hearings of the Temporary 7 of the Clayton Act. I also think there is terrific proportions to do it, but my own great merit to the civil penalty proposal that National Economic Committee focused the guess would be that the gesture would be problem. The Department of Justice adopted has been advanced from time to time, but·I made without accomplishing real results, and do not think the fundamental trouble is in a more active policy. Congress appropriated you would really have industrial giants in larger funds, and for the first time in his the saddle both in Government and indus the law itself. tory an effort at broad enforcement was try, with the inevitable result of a type of More money needed to enforce made. More antitrust suits have been Fascist pattern developed in time. The real reason, in my judgment, why the brought by the Federal Government s}nce Mr. BALLINGER. The issue today, then, is Sherman Act has not been .more effective is 1938 than in the entire preceding 48 years not to regulate monopolies, but to restore that the annual appropriation for its en -of antitrust history. The war necessarily competition in those industries? forcement has never been anywhere near retarded the momentum of the new policy Mr. BERGE. Right; absolutely. adequate for the accomplishment of ef and h ampered its effectiveness. Yet during Mr. BALLINGER. Where it should work and fective economic results. A statute such as the last 10 years there has been an increas can be made to work if we will take certain the Sherman l.ct is not self-executing. It ing awareness of the fact that competition steps to restore it? lives by appropriations. Not until the fif has been rapidly disappearing in many Mr. BERGE. Absolutely; and the theory Of tieth year of the Sherman Act was as much as American industries. t;tle antitrust laws is not to r~gulate monop $1,000,000 appropriated annually for its en But even so, I do not think that the oly, but the theory is to keep Government forcement. Between 1908 and 1935, the ap American people or the Congress has been out of the regulation field to the maximum propriation varied between $100,000 and sufficiently aroused of the danger that this extent possible, leaving the important deci $300,000 annually. In 1936 the figure was growing concentration of economic power sions of production, distribution, price, to increased to $439,000. In 1939 it had in-. · presents to capitalism and democracy. The businessmen themselves acting competi creased to about $800,000; and for the fiscal capitalistic system and democratic govern tively. years of 1940 and 1941, to an all-time high ment developed together and in the long run I do, however, want to say parenthetically of about $1,300,000. · they can exist only, ~together. The his at this point, that I recognize the neces Between 1943 and 1946 the appropriation . torical development of this truth is inter sity of temporary Government controls in ranged, in round numbers, between $1,- esting, but there is not time to sketch it periods of emergency. What I say now does 500,000 and $1,870,000; in 1947 it went up to now except to point out that throughout not apply to that problem. When . a war, a little over $2,000,000; in 1948 it went up to history wherever despotism has existed the or other economic crisis, is thrust upon us $2,400,000; and the current appropriation 1s economic life of the people has been organized resulting in an extraordinary demand which about $3,400,000. I think I should have along noncapitalistic lines. Political free taxes the productive output of our resourc~s, mentioned that in 1942, which apparently dom has only existed for any length of time Government controls are necessary to insure was skipped here in the text, the appropria in countries having capitalistic economic equitable distribution and distribution that tion did reach in round numbers $2,300,000 systems. Webster defines "capitalism" as- promotes the national economic policy. and then was cut back during the war. "an economic system in which the pro The unusual demands of war production ne Although there has been some increase in duction and distribution of wealth, the em cessitate direction of industrial output and the appropriation in recent years, it should ployment and reward of human labor, and that direction, of course, must come from be remembered that enforcement costs are the extension, organization, and operation of the Government. You have to limit the now much higher. Whereas in 1938 it was the system itself are entrusted to and ef volume of goods going into civilian channels possible to secure good lawyers at from fected by private enterprise and control and direct them into the wartime channels, $3,000 to $5,000 per year, and to get satis under compe.titive conditions." and there has to be control in emergency factory law clerks at $1,800 to $2,000 per year, The alternative to this kind of system is situations like that, as I see it. the Government now must pay on the aver an authoritarian economic system. The Similar temporary Government controls age twice as much for the same type of evolution of such a system would probably may be necessary from time to time in crises legal talent. Other enforcement costs are come about, first, by increasing private con short of war, such as the great industrial also correspondingly higher. Therefore, the trols over production, prices, wages, and all depression of the early 1930's, or the unusual additional funds available for enforcement other phases of distribution. These con demands of a recovery program, such as the in the last few years do not accurately meas trols would gradually be superseded by Gov European recovery program. Where these ure the additional enforcement effort that ernment ·controls, as popular demand would governmental programs are necessitated by has been provided. You will find that the require that the Government take over. If temporary crisis and not· by a monopoly con staff today is not much larger in terms of we are going to have a controlled system, in dition, the American people have demon .. manpower than the prewar staff on a much the long run the people would not stand strated time and again their capacity to f?Ub smaller appropriation. I am informed that for private control. Control would ulti mit temporarily to such controls and to re the professional staff at present numbers 329 mately be exercised by th~ Government it move them when the crisis has passed. This lawyers and economists as against an aver self taking over the regulation of monopo we have prov~d can be done without any age of 281 for fi~cal year 1942. ites, resulting in complete Government con sacrifice of basic civil or political liberties. As a result of our niggardly policy toward trol of the economic life of the people. Nothing that I say toaay is to be construed appropriations for antitrust enforcement, I think that no demonstration is needed as opposition to such emergency measures the resources available against all violators to this committee that we cannot have an as may from time to . time be required. in 1 year were less than the sums expended authoritarian economic system without a-u But that is quite a different thing from by defendants in a single antitrust case. thoritarian government, and the ciyil and the permanent controls that we would ulti When I was in the Department, the Anti political liberties ultimately. vanish wh~n mately be forced to adopt if the insidious trust Division proceeded against the patent the government assumes direction of all growth of concentration and monopoly should monopoly in the field of glass containers or industry. undermine the vitality of a free enterprise bottles. That was the now famous Hartford Mr. BALLINGER. ~s it possible to regulate a system. If we accept the proposition, which Empire case. There were eight major de monopoly-! mean today we 11.ear , a good I beli~ve has been amply demonstrated that fendant corporations. ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 27 I learned at that time that one- of these · fidence that in most cases the violators will lack the resources to employ counsel or make corporations expended approximately ~900,- be apprehended and punished.· Our crimi ·a. trip to Washington to present their com . 000 in the trial of the case in the district nal administration is not perfect by any plaints. A widespread system of field omce!J court and an estimated $500,000 more ill -means but we do have the confidence that on -would help. The Antitrust Division has some prosecuting its appeal to the Supreme Court ·the whole our police forces, investigative field offices, but not enough. · and in the final settlement of the decree. agencies, and prosecuting attorneys are on There is- a good deal of cynical discussion The expenditures of the other seven de · top of thE}ir job. In the usual case persons about the ineffectiveness of the antitrust fendant corporations were not known ex · who commit fraud or engage in other com ·laws. I have always felt that it was out of actly, but they · exceeded a million dollars. mercial crimes are apprehended and tried in ·order to dismiss the Sherman Act as unen These sums should be· viewed in the light of courts of law. And the same can be said as forcible before enforcement has been given the iact that the entire appropriation of to crimes of violence. a fair trial. It may be anomalous to say the Antitrust Division for the years in which When the time comes that businessmen that enforcement has not had a fair trial the Hartford Empire case was pending, ex recognize the generality of antitrust enforce when the law has been on the books for 58 .cept for the year 1942, had been less than ment to the extent that they refrain from years, but, in my judgment, that is the fact • $2,000,000 per year. enterinK into conspiracies, combinations, and And no one within my knowledge has yet The Government willingly expends mil agreements in ~straint of trade, we will produced a workable alternative to the en• lions of dollars annually to conserve the fer · know that the Antitrust Division is attaining forcement of the Sherman Act. The conse .. tility of the soil and on other conservation the potency that the job requires. When quences to capitalism and democracy of do measures. No one should question the ne our monopoly-controlled industries have ing nothing at all about the problem, I have cessity of protecting our basic natural re been deconcentrated to a point where new already discussed. If the antitrust laws are sources. But is it not equally obvious that business organizations can form and enter not the proper approach, then what is? the fundamental social resource of the the competitive picture without bucking Self-regulation by industry is out. It is American economy-freedom of economic artificially imposed barriers, we wm know ,simply a gloss for monopoly control. The opportunity-merits as much consideration. that the Sherman Act has been made effec Government cannot escape its responsibility, Neglect in conserving "either our physical re tive. Technology must be freed from mo- If that responsibility is not to be exercised sources or our free competitive economy can . nopoly control. Monopoly control over basic . through the antitrust laws, then it would have equally irreparable consequences. materials, necessary for use in fabricating in have to be performed through bureaucratic I do not have the figures available but dustries, must be terminated so that small regulation of industry by boards or commis .. this committee has the means for readily business can get ready access to such ma sions. Without laboring the point, I want making comparisons between the current terials. We should not seek to prevent effi to say that I believe that a system of such appropriations for antitrust enforcement cient operating units from enjoying the ad regulation for all industry would be abhor and those for administering other Govern vantage that comes from sheer effi.ciency; but rent to the American people, and further ment agencies. Such comparisons, I am we should deprive large corporate aggrega- mote, I do not think it would work. Effective sure, will show that many single agencies - tions of any advantage that comes from arti regulation of industry by a board or a com dealing only with a. restricted field of the ficial restraints of trade or from the power mission to prevent monopoly and restraint · American economy, such as the ICC dealing to exclude competitors from the market. of trade would require a bureaucracy that with carriers only, are· granted much larger Government shouZd seek two objectives would dwarf anything that we have ever con• appropriations than are given to the Anti I should say that the Government ought to templated. It probably would not work, and trust Division which must police against un if it did it would be a menace to freedom. economic restraints virtually the whole of seek two general objectives under the anti trust laws: So I come back to the basic proposition - American industry. · , that the premises of the antitrust laws are A striking statement of the problem 1s 1. It should attack by divestiture or dis solution actions those corporate structures sound. They contemplate that the vast area found in one of the TNEC monographs en of American industry shall be free from titled "Antitrust in Action" (Monograph which in and of themselves have attained the power to exclude competitors from the mar bureaucratic regulation, but shall .be subject · No: 16, Antitrust in Action, by Walton Ham to the prohibitions of the . law against re ilton and Irene Till, p. 24, Government ket. Effective legal actions of thls type must be grounded upon thorough economic re- straints of trade and monopolization. So . Printing Offi.ce, 1940), from which I quote the Ion~ as bus_iness. dat:;s not. offE}nd ;these pro following: · · , search and a full comprehension of the vari ous ramifications of the industry involved. hibitions, it has freedom of choice in mak "A brief comparison of antitrust with the ing the important decisions regarding pro metropolitan police is suggestive. As $1,- , The preparation and trial of such suits takes a great deal of time and manpower, but the duction and distribution practices and 325,000 is being used to police industry, policies. · We must make the antitrust laws break up restraints, enforce competition · objective must be accomplished in many of our industries if independent enterprise is work if we are to escape the alternatives throughout the United States, a sum around . to have any future chances of survival. Sue Which are socially, economically,· and politi $60,000,000 is spent to preserve peace and cally undesirable. The answer is to be found order within New York City alone. The . cessful preparation of such cases requires a · competent staff of economists and experts as in strong, undeviating congressional demand Antitrust Division now has 200 attor and support for a vigorous antitrust enforce neys";-this wa.s written about 1940 I be well as lawyers--men with specia~ized experi . ence and knowledge of the particular indus• ment policy . lieve-"the police force of New York City Mr. RIEHLMAN. Have you any questions? runs to an aggregate of 20,000 persons. An tries under scrutiny. analog between unlikes must not be pushed 2. It-that is, the Government-should Mr. BALLINGER. Mr. Berge, have you any too far; but, niceties aside, here is evidence provide a broader enforcement against con idea how much it costs the Government ln of basic weakness in giving effect to the spiracies and agreements among nominal a big suit? You were speaking about the Sherman Act." competitors to fix prices, limit production, Hartford Empire case. They spent millions and otherwise to refuse the public the bene and the suit is very expensive for the Gov How much money needed fits of real competition. Tl,lis type of en ernment. I have heard Mr. Wooden say How large an appropriation is needed an forcement requires a large organization and that the FTC would take at least $150,000 nually for antitrust enforcement? It is . many ,field offices throughout the country. of their limited appropriation to e¥en go difficult to answer this question in the ab It requires getting down to restraints which after one big concern. stract. I think it should be progressively often operate only on a local level. A small Mr. BERGE. Yes; well, of course, there isn't increased each year until we begin to be business man may be eliminated from the any cost accounting or cost allocation system satisfied with the results. I suspect that the market in his community by the combination operating in a division like antitrust where job requires ultimately an annual appro of local competitors with manufacturers or you could accurately measure that, because priation of somewhere between $10,000,000 wholesalers to monopolize the distribution of one man may· be devoting his time· to several and $15,000,000. But as one who for several _ a product locally. To the small-business different cases, and it is possible, therefore, years was charged with the responsibility man who is being squeezed out in such a proc to have some doubling up. However, I would for antitrust enforcement, I realize that it ess, the enforcement of the Sherman Act is certainly say that the unit costs, if there would not be practical to grant such an in extremely important, even though his OJ:era were a cost allocation system in effect, I am crease all at once. The recruiting of quali tions may be infinitesimal in relation to the sure it is a very safe statement to make that fied lawyers and economists, training them national picture. The point is that the ac . the costs for the Government are very much for their. work, and organizing them into cumulation of thousands of such restraints less than the costs that private industry pays effective operating units requires planning on the local level threughout the country has to defend the suits. Just take two examples and careful administration, and it cannot 1n the aggregate tremendous economic sig that come to me from memory. The so be done overnight. The present head of the nificance. Sporadic enforcement on behalf of called Socony Vacuum or the Madison Oil Antitrust Division can best tell what are the small business accompiishes very little except case up in Wisconsin. That trial lasted a immediate needs. I should suppose that the for the few beneficiaries in particular ca.ses. · long time, several months, as I recall. I amount should be increased substantially I know that the files of the Antitrust Divi , think. the . Antitrust Division had not more each succeeding year unttl a point is reached sion abound with complaints, many of which thalf five lawy~rs '\lP there, sometimes prob where Congress believes the results are ade are meritorious, that the Division has never ably less, m~n who~e salaries ranged fr.om quate. been able adequately to investigate. Inves at that time the;top was $7,500 qown to may What ls the criterion of adequacy in anti ~igation in many of these would reveQ.l ,glar be $3,000; perhaps not more in annual sal trust enforcement? Today when our crimi ing violations of law which should-be prose ~ries involved . in that case .than $35,000 OJ" nal laws are violated we have reasonable con- cuted. Moreover, many small-business men $40,000; men living on a per diem of $5 or 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 661 $6 a day; so, it would relatively not count dividual absorption of freight or utilization Mr. PATMAN. I am apprehensive that some up to very much as against 65 defense coun of such of system where it resulted in the of them, not all of them, but a few of the sel who were present. I am not in private quoting of different prices to customers was more selfish on~s, are taking advantage of practice, and I don't want to cast any as a violation of the Robinson-Patman Act. this opportunity to try to use this decision persions upon the profession or its capacity All I can say is this: I have heard a great as a springboard for the purpose of weaken to pull in good fees, but it is a safe general deal of discussion on that point. I attended ing or destroying our antitrust laws. I am situation that the counsel for the various the American Bar Association meeting and just like you: I do not see where they have oil companies concerned, operating, of heard some very carefully considered papers anything on earth to fear as long as there is course, in a free market for professional in the section on corporation banking and no collusion or conspiracy. services, which is quite proper, were very mercantile law. They were all critical of Of course, we have to be careful in the well paid for their services. And you can the result that was reached in the decision. House about speaking about Members of the make similar comparisons down the line. They we~e read by lawyers who were repre other body. That is, on the floor, you know; The Aluminum case. It was expensive in senting companies that had reason to com but .I notice where the distinguished and the sense that it ran several years, but the plain of the result, who were, no doubt, prominent member of the other party has man in charge of that case was earning quite conscientiously speaking as advocates said that he wants a law that will permit $7,500, and there were not more than, well, of the point of view of their clients. the absorption of any or all freights so long there was a large staff on that case for a It did raise a question in my mind about as conspiracy or collusion is not involved. Government case. I think there were per this one point: Whether an absolute-and Well, there is nothing to fight over. It is haps 10 or a dozen men on that case, but I want to reserve judgment because I have only where collusion or -conspiracy, one or there again the over-all cost of it might have not recently read the opinion with this in the other, is involved that any prosecution run, well, this is just a shot in the dark, mind-·if the opinion has the effect of ab takes place. That is correc:t, is it not? possibly $100,000. The case went over sev solutely outlawing the individual absorption Mr. BERGE. Right. eral years. of freight to meet competition, I can see Mr. PATMAN. And I cannot conceive of any The conclusion that you draw from that that in some instances it might have an effect officer with any department of the Govern is that ant1trust enforcement is more ex of strengthening monopoly controls in local ment or any United States district attorney pensive per case than the ·average criminal areas rather than promoting competition. A ever, under any circumstances or conditions, case, of course, because the economic data is simple illustration: If you can't absorb proceeding-against any person on the basing complex and it requires long study and freight to meet competition, it might bar point unless there is collusion or conspiracy analysis, and, it requires the type of men you from some local market and tend to or used for the purpose of destroying a com who have pretty deep grasp of problems. On strengthen the monopoly position of the petitor or an unfair trade practice or to the average, I think a good antitrust lawyer person doing business in the local market. create a monopoly. deserves a higher salary than any of the Mr. PATMAN. Is it not a fact that the Gov Mr. BERGE. Yes. lawyers in Government service whose work ernment has never attempted either through Mr. PATMAN. I suspect we better add those is of a more·routine character. To prosecute the Department of Justice or the Federal in there, too. large suits against large combinations for Trade Commission to prosecute any person, No need for legislation on basing point divestiture or dissolution takes a relatively firm or corporation on the basing point unless large staff, large in the sense of 3 to 6 or 9 there was collusion or conspiracy? Mr. BERGE. Yes. I think that you are quite Mr. BERGE. That is right. right about it, and I do not believe now lawyers, and considerable time. Maybe a that there is any need for legislation. I year or two to a case. Mr. PATMAN. That is correct, is it not? Mr. BERGE. That is right. was very much concerned about the opera On the other hand, in comparison with tion of the basing point system through col ·the savings to consumers that come out of Mr. PATMAN. And you do not know of any person in the Government now, or will lusion, any evidence that we had when I was these various cases and the long-range sup head of the Division that moved me to rec port that it gives to our private enterprise probably be in the future, who would attempt to prosecute anybody? ommend the institution of our cement case system, I don't think the cost is high, and it of course, the Department cem.ent case did certainly is not high in comparison with Mr. BERGE. No. . Mr. PATMAN. Unless there was collusion not have any concern with the Robinson what private industry pays to defend such Patman Act, and it was not involved in it. cases. or conspiracy? Mr. BERGE. I think that probably in that That was an additional point that only the Mr. RIEHLMAN. H~ve you any questions? respect it is a tempest in a teapot, and that Federal Trade Commission was concerned Basing point the question is not one-well, I think there with. . We felt that as the basing point sys tem was operating, it was clearly a con Mr. PATMAN. Your statement is a very fine 1s undue agitation about it, because I can-. not conceive the Federal Trade Commission spiracy and agreement in restraint of trade one, Mr. Berge, and I appreciate it. I want and that the evidence was sufficient to sus to read carefully the part that I did not have prosecuting an individual for meeting his the opportunity to hear before I came in. competitor's prices, and I am sure that under tain that position. I wonder if you had given consideration to the Sherman Act there would be no basis Unwitting tearing down of antitrust laws for it. Of course, the Department of Jus the basing point. . It has been so held in the Federal Trade Mr. BERGE. When I was in the Department, tice has no jurisdiction except in the presence Commission case. I have not kept wholly up when I was head of the Division, we insti of a combination or conspiracy or monopo to date on the progress of the Department's tuted a suit against the cement industry lization, so they would not have any interest case since I left, but I think that is the which in many respects paralleled the Fed in it anyhow. problem, and I am concerned about any at eral Trade Commission's action. I have no The only theoretical question would be if tempts to whittle down by seemingly plausi hesitancy in saying that insofar as the basing the FTC enforcing the Robinson-Patman ble legislation the enforcement of the appli point system is carried out by agreement -!\ct should decide to proceed against an in cation of the Sherman Act, carving out ex among competitiors, it is clearly illegal and dividual. As a practical matter, I can't con emptions here, there and elsewhere, and I should be, that is, if a particular company ceive of them doing it; and these corpora can see that there is danger that the result sells on a delivered price basis because its tion lawyers who are greatly concerned about of this inquiry now that is going on into the competitors are doing so, and it has agreed it seem to put their concern on the theoret operation of the basing point system on the with them that it would be part of the sys ical basis that the language of the Supreme Capehart committee could result in an un tem, that is a clear price fixing in my judg Court's opinion is susceptible to the inter witting tearing down of the Sherman Act. pretation that the individual use of the ment. Mr. PATMAN. I notice out of the large num utilization freight absorption techniques is ber of volunteers to help the committee and As to what constitutes proof that they are illegal, and, therefore, they can't advise their doing that is something else, but I don't whose names were listed in the newspapers, clients it is safe to do it unless the law is a large number of them were directly con think there can be any question but what changed. the Federal Trade Commission's findings in nected with the steel and the cement indus I, frankly, have not followed the thought tries that are vitally affected in the decisions. that respect are amply supported by the evi entirely through but my instinctive reaction dence according to the rules or proof of con at this point is that we should not now Mr. BERGE. Well, those are two of the prin spiracy that have been long accepted. enact any legislation to, in effect, overrule cipal industries that had operated under that If a company doing business, say, in Wash that decision, but at least give the thing a system. ington in quoting prices f<;>r delivery in Wash few yearr-' try and see if that creates the con Mr. PATMAN. Now, the steel industry, I ington, adds freight from New York because fusion in business that they say it does. I mean U. s. Steel, owns cement factories, that is the basing point, and it has agreed think that while there might be room for cement mills, too, do they not? with its competitors directly or indirectly intellectual argument and discussion on the Mr. BALLINGER. Owns the largest cement that it would do so, that is price fixing just as point, I cannot feel that at present there is company in the world. much as anything else. any real crisis that requires all of this agita Mr. PATMAN. So evidently the tie-in there When you get into the Robinson-Patman tion and hullabaloo. I would like to see between the two. Act phase of that case, it presents a little the status quo preserved and see business You recall for the last 15 years or longer more complex problem, and I have not made ·operate for a few years under .this decision that the cement companies have made iden the kind of study of it tliat would warrant and see whether the Robinson-Patman Act tical bids, and I understand while Mr. Ickes my declaring myself with any deep convic as applied to this industry is going to create was Secretary of the Interior that when he tion. The court, as you of course know, the •confusion that they complain of. I doubt was asking for bids on huge amounts of committee knows, found that even ~he in- that it' will. cement and they had all come in ex_actly the .662. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 27 same down to one-hundredth of a cent, that skills could very well contribute greatly .and that an air force that is not fully he was so irritated about it that '1e adopted to a national disaster if it is allowed to modern will always be second best. the policy of accepting the bid o"' the one the greatest distance away from where it was continue. Moreover, without adherence to a. to be delivered. Did you know that? As you probably are aware, the loss of· carefully · planned long-term program Mr. BERGE. No I was not aware of that. these skills results from the recent cut our air striking arms will . not have a That is very interesting. backs in airplane production orders by sufficient quantity of modern equipment Mr. PATMAN. I suspect, though, that they the Air Force, which in turn is brought on hand to discharge their roles and had a way of handling that. about by proposed budget cuts in airplane missions in the national defense. The That is all. procurement and the resulting disruption experience of the last two decades Mr. BALLINGER. Thank you very much, Mr. of the 5-year air power plan adopted by teaches all too graphically that hit-or Berge, for coming. Congress during its last session. Mr. BERGE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. miss procurement programing, with pro In addition to the loss of skills that is · curement funds being expanded one EXTENSION OF REMARKS involved, there is an economic loss of year and then contracted the next, Mr. POULSON asked and was given $18,000,000 in annual pay roll in Los jeopardizes the very survival of a healthy permission to extend his remarks in the Angeles County and a loss of $3,000,000 aircraft industry. It is also true that RECORD. in subcontracts with about 600 subcon without a healthy industry capable of Mr. BROOKS asked and was given per tracting firms, most of which are located rapid expansion in an emergency, our mission to extend his remarks in the REc in southern California. air forces will not be able to get the ORD and ·include· extracts and inserts. These cut-backs and the lay-otis of modern planes they need, in the quanti Mr. SADOWSKI asked and was given thousands of aircraft workers bring up ties required, on time. permission to extend his remarks in the the whole problem of sound planning in The important point here is that we RECORD in three instances and include ex our air-power program and the absolute as a Nation cannot cut back from a cerpts. necessity of achieving some kind of 70-group program one year to a 48-group Mr. WIGGLESWORTH asked and was steadiness in the procurement of aircraft. program· the next year without paying a given permission to extend his remarks Steadiness is needed not only to avoid tremendous financial penalty and with in the RECORD and include a recent ad the costly and perhaps disastrous dissi out paying a tremendous penalty in the dress by the Most Reverend Richard J. pation of aircraft worker· skills, but also lessening of our production ability. Cushing, D. D., archbishop of Massa to provide more units of airplanes for Conversely, and more important, we chusetts. less cost to the Government and its tax cannot appropriate and plan for a 48- The SPEAKER. Under previous order payers, and to properly maintain aircraft group program this year and then next of the House, the gentleman from Cali manufacturing facilities in a state of year expect to be able to quickly expand fornia [Mr. HoLIFIELD] is recognized for readiness so that they can be vastly ex to a 70-group program, when. it is very 15 minutes. panded when and if needed. possible that a 70-group program, or I do not plead here that any certain STEADY LONG RANGE AIRCRAFT PRO-. even a 150-group program, might be size air force department be maintained badly needed. GRAM ESSENTIAL TO KEEP SKILLED or that any certain size Navy air arm be WORKERS AND TO MAINTAIN PRODUC put into being. There are otners in. this In the second place, a long-term pro TION EFFICIENCY gram that assures continuity and steadi House whose job it is to recommend to ness in planning and production is the, Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Speaker, there us on such matters, -and whose commit most important means of etiecting econ have been many statements and speeches tee assignment and personal experience omy in our national defense expendi made by Members of the Congress on the better qualify them to judge the claims tures. Studies presented to the Finlet subject of air power. Most of such re of the various defense departments. ter Commission and the Congressional marks have been made by members of the My plea is that Congress stick to its •Aviation Policy Board indicate-that sav special House-Senate Aviation Policy decisions as to what size that air arm ings up to as much as ·25 percent could Board or by members of appropriate com should be with at least some degree of mittees. Much of the content of these consistency. I had thought we made our be etiected in aircraft procurement ·if statements has been with special regard decision last year when we made the our Nation will establish and then adhere to the defense aspects of the size of the down payment on a 70-group air force to a long-term plan. Such savings alone Air Force Department and the air arm and a 14,500-airplane Navy. But this would justify us in the Congress insist of the Navy. I do not qualify as an ex year we are presented with a budget ing that the National Defense Establish pert in the field of advising Congress as which calls for a 48-group air force and ment develop and stay with a steady 5- to how many groups the Air Force De about a 7,500-airplane Navy . • year plan of aircraft procurement. partment needs nor the size of the Navy's Therefore it is obvious that a long In the third place, it is extremely im air arm, although I have been a supporter range planning policy or policy of steadi portant that a long-term program bees of the air power programs advanced by r..ess in aircraft procurement does not tablished and maintained if the industry those Members of Congress, both Repub exist in any real or practical way. In is to be able to maintain a crew of skilled licans and Democrats, who do qualify as stead, we are in etiect operating under workers and trained engineers. Such a experts in this field. a short range, hit or miss, feast or crew is the foundation on which the in I have :supported the movements to famine policy that is uncertain, costly, dustry would expand .in case of emer create for America an overwhelmingly and inefficient, and under which the air gency and these workers must be re superior air arm because I feel as most craft industry and aircraft worker skills tained and kept in the practice of pro of you do, as indicated by past votes of cannot hope to remain strong and able duction or the whole aircraft industry this body, that air power is our first line to perform their basic functions in any will disappear as a national asset-an of defense and also will continue to be .national security program. asset absolutely vital in the event of an our foremost otiensive weapon. The contributions of a long-term, international emergency. But there is another and a special carefully planned, steady program of air Twenty-six hundred skilled workers phase of this problem that I wish to bring craft procurement to our national secu and trained engineers already have been to the attention of Congress today. I'ity are many and of the highest im lost to our national-defense program, and This problem is best dramatized by the portance. unless we insist that the program of air fact that in the past week or two one air In the first place a long-term steady craft procurement remains steady from craft manufacturer alone, the North program is essential to the defense of here on out, there may be tens of thou American Co., has had to lay oti over this country. According to the studies sands more laid off in my State of Cali 2,600 employees. Those employees are made by the President's Finletter Com fornia and in many other States, too. residents of the Los Angeles area, a part mission and the Congressional Air Policy For it has been demonstrated time and of which I serve as Representative. Board, it is only by such a program that time again that engineers and skilled Those craftsmen have skills that do not we can be assured of keeping our air workers such as we have in the aireraft come easily and they are skills that are striking arms fully modern, up to date, industry simply will not remain-indeed, a vital national asset in these times of and able to repel and then successfully they cannot atiord to remain in an in uncertainty. attack any aggressor. The last war dustry subject to drastic fluctuations in The wanton, seemingly unthinking dis taught the truth of the adage that a. production and jobs-fluctuations that sipation of our Nation's aircraft worker second-best air force is worse than none~ must result when aircraft procurement 1949 CON_GRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 663 is expanded and then cut back suddenly and aircraft employment. There is no 115. A letter from the Chairman, National without regard to a plan or ·a program. mention of the findings of the Finletter .Park and Planning Commissiop., transmitting The interest of aircraft workers in a Commission or the Congressional Board. a list of land acquisitions for parks, park- long-term program is exemplified by the I regret to say there is no recognition of , ways, and playgrounds, cost of each tract, and method of .acquisition, for the fiscal year end concern expressed in the subject by the the dangers of dissipating the asset that ing June 30, 1948; to the Committee on Pub workers' representatives. The Interna is our skilled aircraft worker group. lic Works. tional Association of Machinists, which There can be but one effect, and that 116. A letter from the Administrator of holds the bargaining contracts at many is to make the skilled aircraft workers Veterans' Affairs, transmitting a draft of a of the aircraft plants, has long actively anxious to get out of the industry and to proposed bill to relieve certain employees of campaigned for a long-term, steady pro seek employment in other more stable the Veterans' Administration from financial gram. The activities in this field by this lines not so subject to the vicissitudes of liability for certain overpayments; to the great union are summarized in the re bad Government planning. Committee on the Judiciary. port submitted to the national conven Workers in California are very much 117. A letter from the Director, Naval Pe troleum Reserves, Navy Department, trans- tion held by the union last fall in Grand concerned over these cut-backs and lay . mitting a · copy of the amendatory and sup Rapids. I would like to quote three offs, and they are wondering if a pattern plemental agreements entered into on De paragraphs from that report: is being set which will dislodge thousands cember 22, 1948, by and between the United The recommendations of the President's more of them in the next few months. States of America, acting by and through the Committee and the Congressional Committee I believe that aircraft workers in Cali · Secretary of the Navy and the Standard Oil strongly affirm our country's need for the fornia and elsewhere want to see a 5-year Co. of California; to the Committee on Armed · prompt adoption of a program designed to program of aircraft production and pro Services. give us air supremacy by 1953. That length . curement continued so as to guarantee 118. A letter from the Secretary of the of time is required to complete the over-all our Nation's leadership in the air. Navy, transmitting a list of eligible institu program based on an air force composed of I support their plea. And I strongly tions and organizations which have requested 70 groups. Emphasis is placed on the need donations from the Navy Department; to the for a new aprpoach to aircraft production. urge that this Congress give full consid Commfttee on Armed services. Rather than Congress providing funds on a eration to the possible disastrous and 119. A letter from the Secret.ary o! Defense, year-to-year basis, a long-range program is very costly effects of short-term plan transmitting a draft of a proposed bill relat urged which will give adequate consideration ning as represented by the present cut ing to the pay and allowances of officers of to all phases of the pro-blem. backs, and that we give full considera the Naval Establishment appointed to perma In studying this industry, it is both inter tion to the good effects that will come nent grades; to the Committee on Armed esting and reassuring to find that our organ from steadiness in our planning ·for the Services. ization, at the 1945 convention unanimously aircraft manufacturing industry. 120. A letter from the Secretary of the adopted a report prepared and submitted by Navy, transmitting two copies of a dispatch the aircraft committee. This report, in sub EXTENSION OF REMARKS forwarded by the Governor of American stance called for a well-planned and full pro Samoa, embodying resolutions adopted by the gram for world peace, and for legislation that Mr. BURNSIDE asked and was granted permission to extend his remarks in the Fono of American Samoa during its present would enable the air rorces to proceed with session; to the Committee on Public Lands. a postwar program embodying full experi · RECOPI.D and include certain excerpts. mental and continuing technological im 121. A letter from the Acting Secretary of AUTHORIZING THE CLERK TO RECEIVE the Navy, transmitting a draft of a proposed provements in tlle latest type aircraft to keep MESSAGES AND THE SPEAKER TO SIGN this Nation always ahead in air power and bill relating to the pay and allowances of ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT RESOLU officers of the Naval Reserve performing to assure continued peace. active duty in the grade of rear admiral, and As we assemble here in this 1948 conven TIONS for ot~er purposes; to the Committee on tion we are faced with the seriousness of our Mr. EVINS. Mr. Speaker, I ask umini Armed Services. Nation"s problems. Supremacy in the air is mous consent that, notwithstanding the 122. A letter from the Secretary of the the first requirement for maintaining peace, adjournment of the House until Monday and of meeting an attack upon the United Interior, transmitting a list of the lands States, Canada, and Newfoundland by next, the Clerk be authorized to receive exchanged under the provisions of the act of another country. The interests of our coun messages from the Senate and that the June 14, 1926 ( 44 Stat. 741, 43 U. S. C., sec. tries require building and maintaining not Speaker be authorized to sign enrolled _ 869); to the Committee on Public Lands. only a strong air force, but one that will bills and joint resolutions duly passed by 123. A lE?tter from the Secretary of the. give us supremacy in the air at the earliest the two Houses and found truly enrolled. Interior, transmitting a report to the Con possible date. gress of all reservations made in conformity The SPEAKER pro tempore Mr. KERR: Committee on Appropriations. certain Indian lands in Lake County, Mont.: By Mr. JONAS: H. J. Res. 112. Joint resolution making an to the Committee on Public Lands. H. R. 1909-. A bill to provide a limited additional appropriation for disaster relief, H. R. 1893. A bill to repeal the wartime in exemption from income tax in t h e case of and !or other purposes; without amendment creases of taxes on telegraph, radio, and cable retirement pensions and annuities; to the (Report No. 7) •. Referred to the Committee services; to the Committee on Ways and Committee on Ways and Means. o! tbe Whole House on the State of the Means. By Mr. KEATING: Union. By Mr. DOLLIVER: H. R. 1910. A bill to establish an immigra H. R. 1894. A bill to repeal the taxes on tion quota for Israel; to the Committee on communications; to the Committee on Ways the Judiciary. PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS and Means. H. R. 1911. A bill to establish a national Under clause 3 of rule XXll, public H. R. 1895. A bill to repeal the taxes on housing objective and the policy to be fol bins and r-esolutions were introduced and transportation; to the Committee on Ways lowed in the attainment thereof, and for severally referred as follows: and Means. ot her purposes; to the Committee on Bank By Mr. DONDERO: ing and Currency. By Mr. THOMPSON: H. R. 1896. A bill to amend section 124 of By Mr. KEEFE: H. R. 1879. A bill authorizing preliminary the Internal Revenue Code; to the Commit H. R. 1912. A bill to amend the Public examinations and surveys of the streams, tee on Ways and Means. Health Service Act to support research and and their larger tributaries, flowing through By Mr. EBERHARTER: training in diseases of arthritis and rheu the Austin-Washington soil conservation H. R. 1897. A b1ll to provide for the ad matism, and to aid the States in the develop district, the Bastrop-Fayette soil conserva mission into the United States of persons ment of community programs for the control tion distri-ct, the calhoun-Victoria soil con of the Korean race, to make them racially of these diseases, and for ot her purposes; to servation district, the Middle Guadalupe eligible for naturalization, and for other pur the Committee on Interst ate and Forelgn Basin soil conservation district, the Nava poses; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Commerce. sota. soil conservation district, and the Co By Mr. FORD: By Mr. KING: pano Bay soil conservation district, in the H. R. 1898. L bill to amend the Social Se H. R. 1913. A bill to provide for the acqui State of Texas; to the Committee on Pliblic curity Act, as amended, so as to chang::! the sition of sites and the preparation of plans Works. age for old-age and survivor benefits from for Federal public buildings outside the Dis By Mr. THOMPSON (by request): 65 to 60; to the Committee on Ways and trict of Columbia, and for other purposes; H. &.1880. ·A bill to incorporate the Re Means. to the Committee on Public Works. · tired Officers Association; to the Committee By Mr. FORAND: H. R. 1914. A bill to provide that the gs.in on the Jw:Uclary. H. R. 1899_ A bill to extend the period of realized on sale of a residence shall, in cer By Mr. BARRETT of Wyoming: validity of the act to facilitate the admission tain cases, be exempt from income ta:{; to H. R. 1881. A bill providing for the sus into the United States of the alien fiancees the Committee on Ways and Means. pension of annual assessment work on min or fiances of members of the armed forces of By Mr_ KLEIN: ing claims held by location in the United the United States; to the Committee on the H. R.1915. A bill to amend the Nationality States; to the Committee on Public Lands. Judiciary. Act of 1940; to the Commit t ee on the Judi By Mrs. BOLTON of Ohio: By Mr. FULTON: ciary. H. R. 1882. A bill to incorporate the Blue H. R.1900. A bill making unlawful the re By Mr. LARCADE: St ar Mothers of America; to the Committee quiremen t for the payment of a poll tax as H. R. 19 6. A bill for t he purpose of erect on th':l Judiciary. a prerequisite to voting in a primary or other ing in Westlake, La., a post-office building; H. R. 1883. A b111 to establish a national election for national officers; to the Commit to the Committee on Public Works. housing objective and the policy to be fol tee on House Administration. By Mr. MASON: lowed in the attainment thereof and for H. R. 1901. A bill to provide free postage for H. R.1917. A bill to amend sect ion 2402 other purposes; to the Committee on Bank .members.of the armed forces of the United (a) of the Internal Revenue Code, as arne d ing and CUrrency. States while on active duty; to the Commit ed, and to repeal section 24:12 (b ) of the By Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin: tee on Post Office and Civil Service. Internal Revenue Code, · as amended; to the H. R. 1884. A bill to provide for the acqUi H. R. 1902. A bill to provide gold star lapel Committee on Ways and Means. sition of stte and prepm-ation of plans and buttons for widows, parer:ts, and next of kin By Mr. MURDOCK: specifications for a new Federal building and of persons who lost their llves as the result H. R. 1918. A bill to aut horize t h e furnish post omce in Manitowoc, Wis.; to the Com of serving in the armed forces of the United ing of water to the Yuma auxiliary proj mittee on Public Works. States in World War II; to the COmmittee on ect, Arizona, through the works of the Gila H R. 1885. A bill to provide for the acqui Armed Services. project, Arizona, and for other purposes; to sition of site and preparation of plans and By Mr. GRANT: the Committee on Public Lands. spectfications for a new Federal building and H. R. 1903. A bill to amend and supple H. R. 1919. A bill to authorize mining, post omce in Green Bay, Wis., to the Com ment the act of June 7, 1924 (43 Stat. 653'); milling, or smelting loans, and fDr other mittee on Public Works. to the Committee on Agriculture. purposes; to the Committee on Banking ftnd By llr. CANFIELD: By Mr. HAND: Currency. H. R. 1886. A bill to establish a national H. R. 1904. A bill to establish a national H . R. 1920. A bill to amend the Colun:bia housing obJective and the policy to be fol housing objective and the policy to be fol Project Act with reference to Stat e lands; lowed in the attainment thereof and for lowed in the attainment thereof and for to the Committee on Fublic Lands. other purposes; to the Committee on Bank other purposes; to the Committee on Bank H. R. 1921. A bill relating to the amount of ing and Currency. ing and Currency. Federal payments to the Stat es under the By Mr. CASE of New Jersey: By Mr. HEDRICK: Social Security Act wit h respect tD s :.ate H. B.1887. A blll to establish a national H. R. 1905. A bill to provide compensation payments to Indian wards of the United housing -obje.ctlve and the policy to be fol for veterans of World War II who have had States of old-age assistance, aid to dependent lowed in the attainment thereof, and for pulmonary tuberculosis; to the Ccmmittee children, and aid to the blind; to the Com other purposes; to tbe Committee on Bank on Veterans' A!Tairs. mittee on Ways and Means. ing and c.w:rency. By Mr. HINSHAW: H. R. 1g22. A bill to amend sect~ o n 10 of the By Mr. CASE of south Dakota: H. R. 1906. A bill to amend section 6 of the Reclamation Act of 1939; to t he Commit tee H. R. 1888. A blll making emergency sup War Claims Act of 1948, with respect to com on Public Lands. plemental appropriation for disaster relief; to pensation payable to individuals who went By Mr. PACE: the Com.mittee on Appropriations. into hiding in order to avoid capture as pris H. R.1923. A bill to amend t he Agricul By Mr. CROSSER: oners of war; to the Committee on Inter tural Act of 1948, and for other purposes; to H. R.1889. A btll to amend section 9 (a) state and Foreign Commerce. the Committee on Agriculture. of the Trading With the Enemy Act, as By Mr. HUBER: By Mr~ PATMAN: amended; to the Committee on Interstate H. R.1907. A bill to provide that rural car n. R. 1924. A bill to increase the rates of and Foreign Commerce. riers ln the postal service shall be appointed pay of Federal employees whose wages are By Mr. CURTIS: without regard to political aftlliations ahd set by wage boards or other administrative H. R. 1890. A bill to provide for the grant solely on the basis of fitness to perform the authority, and for other purposes: to the ing of honorable discharges to certain per duties of the position; to the Committee on Committee on Post OMce and Civil Service. sons who serv.ed in the armed forces during Post Office and Civil Service. By Mr. PATTEN: World War I; to the Committee on Armed By Mr. JAVITS: H. R. 1925. A bill to establish the United Services. H. R. 1908. A b111 to amend the Public States Air Academy at Davis-Mon than Field. H. R.1891. A blll making appropriations Health Service Act to support researeh and Tucson, Ariz.; to the Committee on Anned for disaster relief 1n case of snowstorms, bliz training in diseases of arthritis and rheuma Service's. zards, and other catastroph1es; to the Com tism, and to aid the states 1n the develop H. R. 1926. A hill relating to the amount mittee on Appropriations. ment of community programs for the control of Federal payments to the S ~ates under tbe By Mr. D'EWART: of these diseases, and for other purposes; Social · Security Act with respect to State H. R. 1892. A blll author1zfng the SecrE': to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign payments · to· Indian wards of the United tary of the Interior to issue a patent in fee to Commerce. States of o:d-age assistance, aid to depend- 1949 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HQUSE 665 ent children, and aid to the blind; to the II of the Social Security Act; to the Com By Mr. MEYER: Committee on Ways and Means. mittee on Ways and Means. H. R. 1962. A bill to stimulate the explora By Mr. WILLIAM L. PFEIFFER: H. R. 1943. A bill to amend the income tion, production, and conservation of strate H. R. 1927. A bill to e-stablish a national limitation governing the granting of pension gic and critical ores, metals, and minerals housing objective and the policy to be fol to veterans and de~th-pension ·benefits to and for the establishment within the De lowed in the attainment thereof and for widows and children of veterans, and for partment of the Interior of a Mine Incentive other purposes; to the Committee on Bank other purposes; to the Committee on Vet Payments Division, and for other purposes; ing and Currency. erans' Affairs. to the Committee on Public Lands. By Mr. FULTON: By Mr. TOLLEFSON: By Mr. MORRISON: H. R. 1928. A bill increasing the immigra H. R. 1944. A bill to establish a national H. R. 1963. A bill to amend the Civil Serv tion quotas for Italy for fiscal years 1949 housing objective and the policy to be fol ice Retirement Act; to the Committee on and 1950, by amount equal to unused quotas lowed in the attainment thereof, and for Post Office and Civil Service. for past 10 years; to the Committee on the other purposes; to the Committee on Bank H. R. 1964. A bill to amend the Civil Serv Judiciary. ing and Currency. ice Retirement Act; to the Committee on By Mr. PRIEST: By Mr. WADSWORTH: Post Office and Civil Service. H. R. 1929. A bill to amend the Public H. R. 1945. A bill to amend the National H. R. 1965. A bill to defer the repayment Health Service Act to support research and Security Act of 1947 by providing that the in full by States of certain loans made by training in diseases of arthritis and rheu Vice President shall be a member of the the Federal Works Administrator; to the matism, and to aid the States in the develop National Security Council; to the Committee Committee on Public Works. ment of community programs for the control on Armed Services. H. R. 1966. A bill establishing a procedure of these diseases, and for other purposes; By Mr . .WALTER: by which the Administrator may assure vet- to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign H. R. 1946. A bill to provide for the ap . erans full educational and training oppor Commerce. pointment of one additional circuit judge tunities commensurate with the tuition By Mr. RAINS: in the third circuit; to the Committee on charges by educational and training institu H. R. 1930. A bill granting pensions to vet the Judiciary. tions, and for other purposes; to the Com erans of World War I and their widows and H. R. 1947. A bill to provide for the ap mittee on Veterans' Affairs. dependent children equivalent to the pen pointment of two additional circuit judges By Mr. SIKES: sions granted to veterans of the war with in the District of Columbia; to the Com H. R. 1967. A bill to amend section 4 of the Spain and their widows and dependent chil mittee on the Judiciary. act of June 7, 1924 (43 Stat. 654); to the dren; to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. H. R. 1948. A bill to provide for the ap Committee on Agriculture. By Mr. RIEHLMAN: pointment of two additional district judges H. R. 1968. A bill to amend section 5 of H. R.1931. A bill to establish a national in the eastern district of Pennsylvania; to the act of June 7, 1924 ( 43 Stat. 654); to the housing objective and the policy to be fol the Committee on the Judiciary. Committee on Agriculture. lowed in the attainment thereof, and for H. R. 1949. A bill to amend section 12b of H. R. 1969. A bill.to encourage better man other purposes; to the Committee on Bank the Federal Reserve Act; to the Committee agement of privately owned forest lands and ing and Currency. on Banking and Currency. . to increase the efficient production, process By Mr. ROGERS of Florida: By Mr. CELLER: ing, marketing, and utilization of forest prod H. R. 1932. A bill to provide increased re H. R.1950. A bill for the relief of certain ucts through making available technical tirement benefits for certain persons who c::onsultants formerly employed by the Tech services and assistance to forest owners, op served in the armed forces during World War nical Industrial Intelligence Committee of erators of wood-using industries, and con I; to the Committee on Armed Services. the Foreign Economic Administration, and sumers of forest products, and for other By Mr. SADLAK: for other purposes; to the Committee on the purposes; to the Committee on Agriculture. H. R. 1933. A bill to amend the J.~ationality Judiciary. H. R. 1970. A bill to authorize appropria Act of 1940 to provide for the naturalization H. R. 1951. A bill to amend section 334 (c) tions for carrying out the provisions of sec of certain noncitizen parents of persons who of the Nationality Act of 1940, approved tions 1, 2, and 3 of the act of June 7, 1924 served in the armed forces of the United October 14, 1940 (54 Stat. 1156-1157; 8 U.S. c. ( 43 Stat. 653), as amended; to the Committee States, or in the merchant marine, in World 734); to the Committee on the Judicie.qr. on Agriculture. War I or World War II; to the Committee on H. R. 1952. A bill to amend section 292 and H. R. 1971. A bill to amend and supplement the Judiciary. section 293 of the Criminal Code; to the Com the act of June 7, 1924 (43 Stat. 653); to the By Mr. SADOWSKI: mittee-on the Judiciary. Committee on Agriculture. H. R. 1934. A bill providing direct Federal H. R. 1953. A bill to increase the fees of wit By Mr. TOLLEFSON: . old-age assistance at the rate of $60 per nesses in .the United States courts and be H. R. 1972. A bill to authorize grants to month to needy citizens 60 years of age or fore United States commissioners, and for enable local school agencies overburdened over; to the Committee on Ways and Means. other purposes; to the Committee on the with war-incurred or defense-incurred school By Mr. SMATHERS: Judiciary. enrollments to 1I1:crease school facilities; to H. R. 1935. A bill to amend the Public H. R. 1954. A bill to prohibit the transpor the Committee on Education and Labor. Health Service Act ·to support research and tation of obscene literature in interstate or By Mr. JAVITS: training in diseases of arthritis and rheuma foreign commerce; to the Committee on the H. R. 1973. A bill to establish a national tism, and to aid the States in the deveiop Judiciary. housing objective and the policy to be fol ment of community programs for the control H. R. 1955. A bill to provide for the deten lowed in the attainment thereof and for of these diseases, and for other purposes; to tion, care, and treatment of persons of un other purposes; to the Committee on Banking the Committee on Interstate and Foreign sound mind in certain Federal reservations and .Currency. Commerce. in Virginia and Maryland; to the Committee By Mr. LODGE: By Mr. SMITH of Virginia: on the Judiciary. H. R. 1974. A hill to establish a national H. R. 1936. A bill to authorize and direct By Mr. CELLER (by request): housing objective and the policy to be fol the Secretary of the Interior to grant a right H. R. 1956. A bill to amend the immigra- . lowed in the attainment thereof, and for of-way; to the Committee on Public Lands. tion laws relating to stowaways; to the Com other purposes; to the Committee on Bank H. R. 1937. A bill to provide additional reve mittee on the Judiciary. ing and Currency. nue for the District of Columbia; to the Com By Mr. CUR'l'IS: . By Mr. KERR: mittee on the District of Columbia. H. R. 1957. A bill making appropriations for H. J. Res. 112. Joint resolution making an By Mr. SPENCE: emergency flood relief; to the Committee on additional appropriation for disaster relief, H. R. 1938. A bill to amend the National Appropriations. and for other purposes;· to the Committee on Housing Act, and for other purposes; to the By Mr. DOLLIVER: Appropriations. Committee on Banl{ing and Currency. H. R. 1958. A bill to provide for a decennial By Mr. ENGLE of California: By Mr. STEFAN: census of radio broadcasting receiving sets; H. J. Res. 113. Joint resolution granting the H. R. 1939. A bill making appropriations to the Committee on Post Office and Civil consent of Congress to joinder of the United for emergency flood relief; to the Committee Service. States in suit in the United States Supreme on Appropriations. . By Mr. EBERHARTER: Court for adjudication of claims to waters H. R. 1940. A bill maldng appropriations H. R. 1959. A bill for the relief of the of the Colorado River system; to the Com for disaster relief in case of snowstorms, county of Allegheny,. Pa.; to the Committee mittee on the Judiciary. blizzards, and other catastrophes; to the on the Judiciary. By Mr. BARRETT of Wyoming: Committee on Appropriations. By Mr. ENGLE of California: H. J. Res. 114. Joint resolution to permit By Mr. TEAGU-E: H. R. 1960. A bill to amend and supplement tht'l Regional Agricultural Credit Corporation H. R. 1941. A bill to provide for limiting the act of June 7, 1924 (43 Stat. 653); to the of Washington, D. C., to make certain dis participation as beneficiary under the Na Committee on Agriculture. aster loans, and for other purposes; to the tional Service Life Insurance Act of 1940, as By Mr. JACKSON of Washington: Committee on Agriculture. amended, and for other purposes; to the H. R. 1961. A bill to permit widows of om. By Mr. FULTON: Committee on-Veterans' Affairs. cers and enlisted men of the Army to pur H. J. Res.ll5. Joint resolution to provide H. R. 1942. A bill to provide for a service chase from Army commissaries; to the. Com that any future payments by the Republic credit for veterans. for the purposes of title mittee on Armed Services. of. Finland on the principal or interest of its 666 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARX 31 debt of the First World War to the United By Mr. GOODWIN: States shall be used to provide educational H. R. 1979. A blll for the relief of Boo Hoo SENATE and technical instruction and training in Yet Tuck; to the Committe& on the Ju• the United States for citizens of Finland and dietary. MONDAY, JANUARY 31, 1949 American books and technical equipment for By Mr. GRANT: institutions of higher education in Finland; H. R. 1980. A bill for the relief of Walter Rev. Bernard Braskamp, D. D., pastor to the Committee on Foreign Affairs. H. Houston: to the Committee on the of the Gunton-Temple Memorial Presby H. J. Res. 116. Joint resolution proposing Judiciary. terian Church, Washington, D. C., offered an amendment to the Constitution of the H : R. 1981. A bUl for the relief of Carolyn United States relative to equal rights for McMillan; to the Committee on the Ju the following prayer: men and women; to the Committee on the diciary. Almighty God, we have entered upon a Judiciary. By Mr. GREGORY: new week with tasks and responsibilities By Mr. KLEIN: H. R. 1982. A bill for the relief of Cumber H. J. Res.117. Joint resolution to make land Manufacturing Co.; to the Committee which are far beyond the wisdom of our January 30 a legal holiday dedicated to hu on the Judiciary. own finite minds. · man freedom and dignity and known as By Mr. HINSHAW: Grant that daily we may hold counsel Roosevelt Day; to the Committee on the H. R. 1983. A bill for the relief of Edward with the God of all wisdom and yield our Judiciary. L. Barreras; to the Committee on the Ju selves unreservedly to the discipline and By Mr. LEMKE: diciary. guidance of Thy Spirit. H. J. Res.l18. Joint resolution proposing By Mr. JUDD: May we also hear and heed the com an amendment to the Constitution relating H. R. 1984. A bill for the relief of Kazuo mand which came to Thy servant in the to the election and term of office of the Presi Minami, Mrs. Yoshiko Minami, and Tadao dent and Vice President; to the Committee Minami; to the Committee on the Judiciary. long ago: "Stand thou still a while that on the Judiciary. · By Mr. KING: I may show thee the word of God." By Mr. MADDEN: H. R. 1935. A bill to record the lawful ad We pray that Thou wilt create within H. J. Res. 119. Joint resolution authorizing mission to the United States for permanent men and nations those finer feelings and the President of the United States of Amer residence of Tlbor Janka! and Irene Alexan nobler thoughts which are the progeni ica to proclaim October 11 of each year Gen der Janka!, his wife; to the Committee on tors of achievement in the building of a eral Pulaski's Memorial Day for the observ the Judiciary. better world. ance a:1d commemoration of the death of By Mr. KLEIN: We thank Thee, 0 God, for the memory Brig. Gen. Casimir Pulaski; to the Commit H. R. 1986. A bill for the relief of Ella tee on the Judiciary. Speilman Geiger; to the Committee on the of Thy servant who ministered here in By Mr. SECREST: Judiciary. spiritual things. His sun went down H. J. Res. 120. Joint resolution to make it H. R. 1987. A bill for the relief of Jeno while .it was yet day, only to rise again in unlawful for members of the Communist Stern and Aranlta Stern; to the Committee heavenly glory. We rejoice in the high Party to be candidates for Federal elective on the Judiciary~ and holy privilege that was ours to walk office and to provide for tlle immediate depor By Mr. LIND: and work with Him f9r a little while upon tation of aliens found to be members of the H. R. 1988. A bill for the relief of Leslie A. this earth. Communist Party; to the Committee on House Fry; to the Committee on the Judiciary. Administration. By M:.:. McDONOUGH: Hear u.s in the name of the Christ our By Mr. CELLER: H. R. 1989. A bill to provide for the retire Savi our. Amen. ' · ment with pay of Commander Nicholas T. H. Con. Res. 20. Concurrent resolution to TliEJOURNAL provide for an investigation of the life-in Gansa; to the Committee on Armed Serv surance industry of the United States with ices. On motion of Mr. LucAs, and by particular regard to the applicable antitrust By Mr. JOSEPH L. PFEIFER: unanimous consent, the reading of the H. R. 1990. A bill for the relief of Istvan oper~ Journ~l of the proceedings of Thursday, laws and to the extent to which the Hedvig and Peter Paul Gulyas; to the Com tions o.f sucli industry comply with such laws; mittee on the Judiciary. January 27, 1949, was dispensed with, to the Committee on Rules. By Mr. THOMAS of Texas: and the Journal was approved. - By Mr. JAVITS: H. R. 1991. A blll for the relief of Alexander MESSAGES FROM THE PRESJ;DENT-AP- H. Res. 65. Resolution to protest the sum Stewart; to the Committee on the Judiciary. mary arrest and imprisonment of Cardinal PROVAL OF BILL AND JOINT RESOLU By Mr. WELCH of California: TION Mindszenty; to the Committee on Foreign H. R. 1992. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Affairs. Adelaide Dibbs; to the Committee on the Messages in writing from the President By Mr. SOMERS: . Judiciary. of the United States were communicated H. Res. 66. Resolution to authorize the By Mr. CELLER: Committee on Public Lands to make investi H. R.1993. A bill for the relief of Samuel to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his gations Into any matter within its jurisdic Fadem; to the Committee on the Judiciary. secretaries, and he announced that the tion, and for other purposes; to the Com By Mr. CUNNINGHAM: President had approved and signed the mittee on Rules. H. R. 1994. A bill for the relief of Frank F. following act and joint resolution: By Mr. SECREST: Miles; to the Committee on the Judiciary. On January 18, 1949: H. Res. 67. Resolution to authorize the 8. J. Res. 16. Joint resolution making Jan Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com PETITIONS, ETC. uary 20 and 21, 1949, holidays for Federal merce tcf investigate and study the recent employees and employees of the District of reductions in the price paid to producers of Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions Columbia in the metropolitan area of the Pennsylvania-grade crude oil; to the Com and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk District of Columbia. mittee on Rules. and referred as follows: On January 19, 1949: 28. By Mr. KEARNEY: Resolutions adopted - 8. 103. An act to increase rates of compen. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS by the Assembly and the Senate of the State sation of the President, Vice President, and of New York, expressing condemnation . of the Speaker of the House of Representatives. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private the Hungarian Government !or its arrest ENROLLED JOINT RESOLUTION SIGNED bills and resolutions were introduced ~nd imprisonment of His Eminence Josef and severally referred as follows: Cardinal Mindszenty; to the Committee on DURING ADJOURNMENT By Mr. DAVENPORT: Foreign Mairs. Under authority of the order of the H. R. 1975. A bill for the relief of Rudolf 29. By Mr. LYNCH: Memorial of the As Senate of the 27th instant, A. v. Raft'; to the committee on the Ju sembly of the State of New York, urging that the Congress, the Secretary of State of the The Vice President, on January 28, diciary. 1949, signed the enrolled joint resolution By Mr. D'EWART: United States, and the President do every H. R. 1976. A bill to authorize the sale of thing in their power to bring about the im