Upper Country: A Journal of the Lake Superior Region Volume 4 Article 2 2016 The innesotM a Farm-Labor Party: The Role of Third Parties in the Americanization of European Labor Radicals in the Great Lakes Region Paul Lubotina Walters State,
[email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.nmu.edu/upper_country Part of the Labor History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Lubotina, Paul (2016) "The inneM sota Farm-Labor Party: The Role of Third Parties in the Americanization of European Labor Radicals in the Great Lakes Region," Upper Country: A Journal of the Lake Superior Region: Vol. 4 , Article 2. Available at: http://commons.nmu.edu/upper_country/vol4/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals and Peer-Reviewed Series at NMU Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Upper Country: A Journal of the Lake Superior Region by an authorized editor of NMU Commons. For more information, please contact
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[email protected]. Lubotina: The Minnesota Farm-Labor Party and the Role of Third Parties The Minnesota Farm-Labor Party: The Role of Third Parties in the Americanization of European Labor Radicals in the Great Lakes Region Paul Lubotina During the first two decades of the 20th century, successive waves of immigrant laborers moved to the mining districts surrounding Lake Superior. Instead of finding streets paved in gold and personal riches, they endured harsh working conditions, low wages, and long winters in isolated mining communities. This caustic environment ignited a series of clashes between thousands of angry immigrant workers and American supervisors who acted on behalf of large corporate entities, such as the United States Steel Corporation along Minnesota’s Mesabi Iron Range and the Calumet & Hecla Mining Company operation in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula.