Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00653-9 — Geodynamics Donald Turcotte , Gerald Schubert Index More Information Index acceleration, 274 approximation foreland, 157 centrifugal, 236 Dupuit, 430 marginal, 15 acceleration of gravity, 230, 274 finite difference, 496 ringed, 68 accreting plate boundaries, 2, 7 aquifer, 272 sedimentary, 92, 155, 212 accretionary plate margins, 52 confined porous, 428 bathymetry, 209 accretionary prism, 12 unconfined, 430 beach terraces activation energy, 348 aquifers, 162, 264, 425 elevated, 280 activation volume, 348 arc bedding planes, 169 active continental margins, 45 island, 4 behavior adiabat, 219 Archimedes’ principle, 94, 298 adiabatic compressional heating, 220 argon, 479 Newtonian fluid, 61 adiabatic temperature gradient, 219 arm non-Newtonian fluid, 61 admittance, 253 failed, 43 plastic, 379 age dating, 484 moment, 100, 139 stick–slip, 386, 389, 399, 402 age of the Earth, 183, 187 aspect ratio, 320 belt age of the lithosphere, 189 asteroid, 79 thrust, 48 age of the seafloor, 190 asthenosphere, 2 benchmarks, 116 age of the solar system, 465, 470 atmospheric erosion and deposition, bending, 130, 138 Airy compensation, 254 76 cylindrical, 139 Airy geoid anomaly, 256 aulacogen, 43 plastic, 292 albedo, 84 Avogadro’s number, 340 plate, 381 allochthonous sheet, 397 axes of strain bending moment, 139 alluvial fan, 225 principal, 115 critical, 382 Alvin,56 axis Amonton’s law, 390 principal, 102 bending of the elastic lithosphere, 514 analogy azimuth biharmonic equation, 276 ping-pong ball, 12 magnetic, 25 binary planet, 68 Anderson theory of faulting, 394 binding energy, 338 angular fold, 292 back-arc spreading, 15 Biot theory of folding, 293 angular velocity balance blocking temperature, 24 Earth, 236 force, 266 body force anomalies moment, 142 gravitational, 93, 274 gravity, 230 basal heating, 209 body forces, 92, 93 magnetic, 6, 34 basaltic ocean crust, 1 body wave magnitude, 402 basalts anomaly boiling point, 264 free-air gravity, 531 mid-ocean ridge, 465 Boltzmann constant, 342 geoid, 239 normal mid-ocean ridge, 472 bonds gravity, 527 ocean island, 466 potential, 240 ocean-island, 484 covalent, 340 anticline, 51 basement, 23, 95 Bouguer gravity anomaly, 249 anticlines, 150 basin Bouguer gravity formula, 247 anticlinoria, 51 Appalachian, 157 boundaries anticlinorium, 290 Los Angeles, 213 accreting plate, 2, 7 Appalachian basin, 157 sedimentary, 95 convergent plate, 2 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00653-9 — Geodynamics Donald Turcotte , Gerald Schubert Index More Information Index 613 boundary conditions coefficient of static friction, 390 conduction of heat no-slip, 267 coefficient of thermal expansion, 308 radial, 173 boundary layer linear, 204 conductivity cold thermal, 1 volumetric, 204 hydraulic, 426 thermal, 60, 185, 314 cohesive energy, 338 thermal, 161 boundary value problem, 496 colatitude conduits boundary-layer stability, 314 magnetic, 26 volcanic, 264 Boussinesq approximation, 307 cold thermal boundary layer, 1 confined porous aquifer, 428 Boussinesq equation, 433 collision conformable lead deposits, 471 box model, 471 continental, 46, 99 conservation breakdown pressure, 107 collisions energy, 264 breakouts continental, 1 mass, 264 wellbore, 108 column momentum, 264 Brinkman number, 361 stratigraphic, 21 conservation of energy, 167, 342 buckle, 144, 150 column vector, 497 conservation of fluid, 274 bulge columnar jointing, 336 conservation of mass, 268 equatorial, 230, 233 Command History, 487 conservative, 237 peripheral, 151 Command Window, 487 constant bulk modulus, 138, 339 compaction Boltzmann, 342 bulk silicate Earth, 466, 474 sediments, 374 decay, 466 buoyancy flux, 301 comparative planetology, 2 Euler’s, 188 Madelung, 339 buoyancy forces, 264 compensated, 149, 230, 249 universal gas, 342 Burgers vector, 353 compensated topography, 261 buried bodies, 244 universal gravitational, 231 compensation, 230 buried load, 253 constitutive law, 264 Airy, 254 buried sphere, 244 continental collision, 46, 99 degree of, 149 continental collisions, 1 depth of, 207 Callisto, 86 continental crust, 1, 4, 23 Pratt, 257 carbonaceous chondrite, 79 enriched, 328, 465 competent, 290 centrifugal acceleration, 236 continental drift, 1, 4, 264 complementary error function, 185 changes in sea level, 210 continental lithosphere components chaotic terrain, 74 delaminated, 466 chemical geodynamics, 465 velocity, 273 continental margins chemical remanent magnetism, 25 composition ratio active, 45 chevron fold, 292 parent–daughter, 466 passive, 45 chondrite compressibility, 92, 138, 338 continental reconstructions, 46 carbonaceous, 79 isothermal, 204 continental shields, 23 chondritic meteorites, 167, 466 compression factor, 96 continents, 21 chondritic uniform reservoir, 475 compression tests continuity equation, 274 circulation triaxial, 136 contour maps hydrothermal, 56 compressional heating geoid height, 254 circulations adiabatic, 220 contraction hydrothermal, 471 compressional tectonics, 290 thermal, 208 Clapeyron curve, 224 compressive stress, 98 control volume, 270 slope, 324 maximum, 388 convection, 161 climb concentrated force, 142 layered mantle, 222 dislocation, 354 condition mantle, 263, 264 Coble creep, 345, 374 free-slip, 295 onset of, 310 coefficient free-surface, 268 secondary, 209 diffusion, 347 conduction, 161 thermal, 60, 264, 307 drag, 298 heat, 493 whole mantle, 222 heat transfer, 305 steady heat, 502 convective flows transport, 225 time-dependent heat, 508 finite-amplitude, 313 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00653-9 — Geodynamics Donald Turcotte , Gerald Schubert Index More Information 614 Index convergent plate boundaries, 2 crustal reservoir, 476 depth of compensation, 207 cool descending plume, 60 mean age, 476 descending plume cooling, 188 crustal roots, 92 cool, 60 secular, 6, 165 crustal stretching model, 95, 215 deviatoric normal stress, 105 cooling dike, 508, 524 Culling model, 225 deviatoric principal stress, 105 cooling model Curie temperature, 24 deviatoric strain, 115 plate, 192 Current Folder, 487 deviatoric stress, 97 cooling rate curvature dextral strike-slip fault, 56 mantle, 372 radius of, 140 diamagnetic, 24 coordination number, 339 cycle diapir, 284 coronae, 82 Wilson, 43 diapiric upwelling, 264 correction cylindrical bending, 139 diapirism, 284 elevation, 248 dichotomy ′′ free-air, 249 D -layer, 223 hemispherical, 72 latitude, 248 décollement, 398 diffusion corrections Darcy velocity, 426 stress, 417 terrain, 249 Darcy’s law, 425, 426 diffusion coefficient, 347 coseismic surface strain, 115 dating diffusion creep, 345, 350 Couette flow, 267, 358 age, 484 diffusion creep viscosity, 351 Coulomb energy, 339 daughter isotope diffusion distance Coulomb–Navier criterion, 394 radioactive, 466 thermal, 184 counterflow, 268 decay constant, 466 diffusivity country rock, 197 Deccan Traps, 302 thermal, 179 covalent bonds, 340 declination, 25 dike crater palimpsests, 87 decollement, 46 cooling, 508, 524 craters Deep Sea Drilling Project, 36 dikes, 197 impact, 536 defect dilatation, 92, 109, 133 creep point, 346 dimensionless variables, 271 Coble, 345, 374 deformation dip–slip faults, 388 diffusion, 345, 350 elastic, 338 dipole magnetic field, 26 dislocation, 354, 356 plastic, 130, 336 dipole moment, 26 fault, 389 deformation map, 367 dipole moment of the density Herring–Nabarro, 351 degree of compensation, 149 distribution, 253 pressure solution, 290, 338 Deimos, 77 dislocation solid-state, 61 delaminated, 46 edge, 352 creep processes delaminated continental lithosphere, screw, 353 thermally activated, 338 466 dislocation climb, 354 criterion delamination, 4, 21, 210, 472 dislocation creep, 354, 356 Coulomb-Navier, 394 delta dislocation slip, 354 maximum shear stress, 380 Mississippi River, 227 dislocations, 61, 352, 414 Tresca, 380 river, 226 displacement, 109 von Mises, 381 density distribution fault, 386 critical bending moment, 382 dipole moment of, 253 dissipation critical stress, 150 depleted mantle, 465 tidal, 67, 84 critical value, 145 depleted mantle source, 328 viscous, 304, 326 critical value of Rayleigh number, 312 deposition of sediments, 225 distribution CRM, see chemical remanent depositional remanent magnetism, 25 Maxwell–Boltzmann, 345 magnetism deposits dome crust mineral, 426 salt, 284 basaltic ocean, 1 depth domes continental, 1, 4, 23 ocean floor, 207 salt, 264 enriched continental, 328, 465 seafloor, 522 double seismic zones, 13 oceanic, 4 skin, 182 drag coefficient, 298 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-00653-9 — Geodynamics Donald Turcotte , Gerald Schubert Index More Information Index 615 drift elastic-perfectly plastic rheology, 337, fractionation, 474 continental, 1, 4, 264 380 frequency, 349 DRM, see depositional remanent elasticity, 130 friction, 271 magnetism linear, 130 integrating, 306 drop elements stretching, 95 stress, 390 incompatible, 166 factors dry steam, 459 radioactive, 164 enrichment, 474 DSDP, see Deep Sea Drilling Project elevated beach terraces, 280 failed arm, 43 Dulong and Petit elevation correction, 248 fan law, 342 ellipsoid of revolution, 238 alluvial, 225 dune field, 76 ellipticity, 238 fault, 386 Dupuit approximation, 430 embedded plate, 142 dextral strike-slip, 56 Dupuit–Fuchheimer discharge Enceladus, 87 left lateral, 389 formula, 431 endothermic, 222 left lateral strike-slip, 56 dynamic topography, 269 energy North Anatolian,