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N O R R A G N E W S NETWORK FOR POLICY RESEARCH REVIEW AND ADVICE ON EDUCATION AND TRAINING (NORRAG) NUMBER 44 September 2010 SPECIAL ISSUE A BRAVE NEW WORLD OF ‘EMERGING’, ‘NON-DAC’ DONORS AND THEIR DIFFERENCES FROM ‘TRADITIONAL’ DONORS [Free on website:www.norrag.org from late September 2010] Editor KENNETH KING Editorial Address for this Special Issue Kenneth King, Hong Kong Institute of Education, Tai Po, New Territories, Hong Kong Emails: [email protected] or [email protected] Co-ordination Address Michel Carton, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies (IHEID), Post Box 136, Rue Rothschild 24, 1211 Geneva 21, Switzerland. Telephone: +41 22) 908 43 24/23 Email: [email protected] SPETEMBER 2010 NORRAG NEWS 2 NORRAG NEWS No. 44 [September 2010] A BRAVE NEW WORLD OF “EMERGING”, “NON-DAC” DONORS AND THEIR DIFFERENCES FROM “TRADITIONAL” DONORS This issue of NORRAG News (NN44) is dedicated to an analysis of the new development partners, sometimes termed emerging donors. These are not very useful terms and especially as they are often used to refer to India, China and South Korea which have been involved in development cooperation for a very long time. These newer actors in development assistance are also sometime called non-DAC donors. This is also a misleading and a rather negative way of defining this very diverse group, as some of these new development assistance partners are new EU member states, others are OECD members but not of its Development Assistance Committee (DAC), others are Gulf States, while others again are members of the group called BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). And there are many more. We are not, in this issue, dealing with the very diverse and complex world of private sector aid or aid from foundations; these may be analysed in a future special issue of NORRAG News. Rather, we are looking at the whole range of non-traditional bilateral actors from India to Nigeria; from Brazil to China; and from Turkey to Thailand. There is a very wide range of these non-traditional, newer donors, and several of them are from countries where our NORRAG membership is not large, such as South Korea, Russia and Saudi Arabia. In other cases, such as South Africa, India, China, Chile and Brazil, we have quite large NORRAG memberships. Here are some of issues we are dealing with in analysing these non-traditional donors, or newer development partners: * How different are their approaches and modalities from those of the more traditional DAC donors, always remembering that there are very substantial differences amongst DAC donors? * How tied is the aid offered by these newer donors and how important are the national experts of these countries in aid delivery? * How are these newer donors perceived in the countries they are supporting? * How regionally oriented is this new cooperation, and how much does it cross continents like Brazil’s support to countries in Africa? * What can the older donors learn from these newer development partners? * Are academics and consultants from countries associated with the DAC donors giving advice to any of the newer development partners? * What does the rise of these new donors mean for donor coordination? * Are these newer development partners involved in the countries where NORRAG’s two partners, ERNWACA (in West and Central Africa) and RedEtis (in Latin America), are operating? SEPTEMBER 2010 NORRAG NEWS 3 CONTENTS PREFACE 6-7 EDITORIAL 8-12 New actors: old paradigms? Kenneth King, NORRAG, and HKIEd, Hong Kong RATIONALE, REALPOLITIK & REALITY OF 13-34 NEW DEVELOPMENT PARTNERS Roles and activities of the ‘new development partners’ 14-16 Penny Davies, Diakonia, Stockholm ‘Emerging donors’ and the changing landscape of foreign aid: 16 contributions from gift theory Emma Mawdsley, University of Cambridge Are ‘new’ donors different? 17-18 Axel Dreher (Goettingen), Peter Nunnenkamp (Kiel) and Rainer Thiele (Kiel) Diversity in humanitarian donorship: the role of non-DAC donors 19-20 Adele Harmer, Humanitarian Outcomes, London and Ellen Martin, ODI, London The DAC, the emerging economies, and development in a G20 world 21-23 Richard Manning, formerly Development Assistance Committee of the OECD DAC approach to the new donors 23-26 Eckhard Deutscher, Development Assistance Committee, OECD, Paris (North-) South-South cooperation in the context of standardised aid 26-27 Gita Steiner-Khamsi, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York Arab donors: more prosperous, less generous? 28-29 Debra Shushan and Christopher Marcoux, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg ‘Emerging donors’ and the international development assistance architecture 29-31 Dane Rowlands, Carleton University, Ottawa Why we need a radical re-think of official aid 31-33 Roger Riddell, Oxford Policy Management Innovative financing for education 33-36 Desmond Bermingham, Centre for Global Development, Washington THE BUILDING BRICKS (BRICS) OF THE 37-72 NEW DONOR CAPACITY BUILDING? Brazil’s emerging aid programme: time to move 38-40 beyond the jabuticaba complex Lidia Cabral, ODI, London and Julia Weinstock, Consultant Brazil in Africa 40-42 Yonemura Akemi, UNESCO-IICBA, Addis Ababa Emerging aid donors: India 43-45 Subhash Agrawal, India Focus, New Delhi India: an emerging donor? 45-46 V.Vaidyanatha Ayyar, Hyderabad (Formerly Government of India) India’s transition from recipient to donor 47-50 Indu Grover, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar Coming to the table: China’s agricultural cooperation in Africa 50-53 Hannah Edinger, Frontier Advisory, Johannesburg, and Ron Sandrey, Trade Law Centre for Southern Africa, Stellenbosch China overseas: ‘exporting hordes of experts’ or ‘teaching how to fish’? 53-56 Deborah Bräutigam, American University, Washington SEPTEMBER 2010 NORRAG NEWS 4 South countries combining their strengths –the perspective of 56-58 Sino-South African cooperation in development assistance to Africa Hu Mei, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua China’s aid logic to HRD in Tanzania: give a fish, teaching to fish, 58-60 and sharing a fish Yuan Tingting, University of Bristol China and Egypt: the continuation of a long friendship 60-63 Bjorn Nordtveit, University of Hong Kong China – a not so new donor? 63-65 Henning Melber, Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation, Uppsala Avoiding traditional approaches? The case of South African development aid 65-67 Elizabeth Sidiropoulos, South African Institute of International Affairs, Jo’burg Exceptionalism in South Africa-China relations 68-70 Kenneth King, HKIEd, Hong Kong Russia returns to Africa 71-72 Kawe Rostand, Ngaoundéré University, Cameroon NEW (NON-BRIC) ASIAN DONORS 73-90 South Korea, the newest DAC donor and its challenges 74-76 Hong-Min Chun, Korea Institute for Development Strategy, South Korea Korea: ‘something old’ and ‘something borrowed’ 76-78 Soyeun Kim, University of Leeds Rising from the ashes of war: the Republic of Korea and 78-79 its role in the global agenda Gwang-Jo Kim, UNESCO, Bangkok Thailand’s official development assistance: a partner for capacity building 80-81 Banchong Amornchewin, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Bangkok Human resource development from the TaiwanICDF 82-84 Philip Barber, ICDF, Taipei The South Pacific - a diplomatic battleground 84-87 Hilary Tolley, University of Auckland Brunei Darussalam’s assistance to other countries in skills 87-88 development or TVET Paryono, SEAMEO VOCTECH, Brunei Darussalam TVET and tied aid? 89-90 Rupert Maclean, HKIEd, Hong Kong SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION – 91-96 A LATIN AMERICAN VIEW South-South Cooperation: the case of vocational training 92-93 institutions in Latin American and Caribbean countries Pedro Daniel Weinberg, consultant, Montevideo, formerly CINTERFOR Cuba’s support to Africa 93-95 Dan Hammett, University of Sheffield & University of the Free State New actors and challenges of coordination in Latin American cooperation in skills development 95-96 Claudia Jacinto, RedEtis, Buenos Aires SOUTH-SOUTH COOPERATION – AFRICA AND NEAR EAST 97-105 Nigeria is a donor! But with a chequered history 98-99 Kunle Osidipe, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua Human capital perspectives on China’s aid and 99-102 Nigeria’s recipient experiences Ben Ogwo, SUNY, Oswego SEPTEMBER 2010 NORRAG NEWS 5 Turkey’s twenty years of development assistance (TIKA) 102-104 Cennet Engin-Demir, Middle East Technical University, Ankara Chinese and western development projects in the 104-105 Democratic Republic of Congo Ignace Pollet, Catholic University of Leuven OTHER BILATERAL DONORS 106-113 New donors in East and Central Europe 107-108 Simon Lightfoot, University of Leeds Scottish aid: worthy aid from a ‘responsible nation’ 109-111 or muddying the waters” Rachel Hayman, consultant, formerly University of Edinburgh China: from recipient to donor. What have we learned? 111-113 Halima Begum, DFID, Beijing RECIPIENT VIEWS OF AID FROM THE NEW DONORS 114-128 Non-traditional donors in Africa: the challenging case of Kenya 115-117 Bernard Momanyi, University of Nottingham Engaging with ‘emerging’ development partners: the view from Kenya 117-119 Emma Mawdsley, University of Cambridge Mali: the new donors. Towards a new form of bilateral cooperation 119-123 Djénéba Traoré, ROCARE/ERNWACA, Bamako External educational support to the Palestinian Authority 123-124 Basri Saleh, Ministry of Education, Ramallah Chinese aid: no consensus on Beijing in the South Pacific 124-127 Philippa Brant, IPRCC, Beijing and University of Melbourne Emerging donors from a recipient perspective: 127-128