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Informe Langosta De Isla De Pascua (Panulirus Pascuensis Reed, 1954)

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Informe Langosta De Isla De Pascua (Panulirus Pascuensis Reed, 1954) Informe Langosta de Isla de Pascua (Panulirus pascuensis Reed, 1954) AUTOR: Carlos Tapia Jopia Biólogo Marino 2010 0 Informe Langosta de Isla de Pascua (Panulirus pascuensis Reed, 1954) Requirente: Corporación de Desarrollo Social del Sector Rural CODESSER Financia: Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo - BID Fondo Multilateral de Inversiones - FOMIN Autor: Carlos Tapia Jopia Biólogo Marino 2010 TABLA DE CONTENIDOS Resumen ....................................................................................................................... 1 Contexto de la consultoría ............................................................................................. 2 Antecedentes................................................................................................................. 3 OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................. 4 Objetivo General ........................................................................................................... 4 Objetivos Específicos .................................................................................................... 4 RESULTADOS ............................................................................................................ 5 RESULTADOS OBJETIVO ESPECÍFICO 1 ............................................................... 5 Descripción Geográfica de la Isla de Pascua .................................................................. 5 Descripción Oceanográfica de la Isla de Pascua ............................................................ 8 Antecedentes Biológicos de Isla de Pascua .................................................................. 10 Descripción de Panulirus pascuensis .......................................................................... 14 Distribución de Panulirus pascuensis .......................................................................... 15 Antecedentes Biológicos de Panulirus pascuensis ....................................................... 19 Descripción de la Pesquería de Panulirus pascuensis .................................................. 20 RESULTADOS OBJETIVO ESPECÍFICO 2 ............................................................. 21 RESULTADOS OBJETIVO ESPECÍFICO 3 ............................................................. 22 RESULTADOS OBJETIVO ESPECÍFICO 4 ............................................................. 23 RESULTADOS OBJETIVO ESPECÍFICO 5 ............................................................. 23 Hipótesis para demostrar relaciones de causalidad ...................................................... 23 PROPUESTA DE ESTUDIOS .................................................................................... 24 1) Análisis estomacal ............................................................................................... 24 2) Análisis Sensorial ................................................................................................ 24 Requisitos para una evaluación sensorial de alimentos ................................................ 25 CONCLUSIONES ...................................................................................................... 26 LITERATURA CITADA ............................................................................................ 27 i INFORME: CONSULTORIA PARA GENERAR INFORMES TECNICOS PARA TRAMITACIÓN DE INDICACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA: LANGOSTA DE ISLA DE PASCUA (Panulirus pascuensis Reed, 1954) Resumen En el marco de la consultoría tendiente a generar un informe técnico para sustentar una solicitud de Indicación Geográfica ante el Instituto Nacional de Propiedad Intelectual (INAPI), se llevó a cabo una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica con el propósito de poder demostrar relaciones de causalidad entre características distintivas de la langosta de Isla de Pascua capturada en las inmediaciones de la Isla, y atributos propios y distintivos de la misma especie que habita otros espacios geográficos, tales como Islas Pitcairn y Polinesia Francesa. A partir de la información disponible, surgen dos vacíos de información que no permiten determinar relaciones de causalidad entre las características distintivas del recurso y su origen geográfico, que corresponden a que la especie se distribuye también en las Islas Pitcairn y en las islas australes de la Polinesia Francesa, y a la inexistencia de estudios de contenido estomacal, de análisis sensorial y/o nutricional que den cuenta de diferencias entre ejemplares provenientes de esas zonas. Considerando los resultados obtenidos, que no permiten sustentar un informe técnico que de cuenta de relaciones de causalidad, en conformidad a los requerimientos del INAPI, se propone la realización de un estudio que incluye análisis estomacal y análisis sensorial de ejemplares capturados en las diversas zonas que habita Panulirus pascuensis . Además, se han revisado las fuentes de financiamiento disponibles para dar viabilidad a los estudios propuestos, cuya formulación en los formatos respectivos será entregado como una única propuesta, donde se incluirán los estudios que se requieren para los mismos propósitos, para Thunnus albacares capturado en las inmediaciones de la Isla de Pascua. 1 Contexto de la consultoría El interés por realizar esta consultoría surge del interés de diversos sectores de Isla de Pascua, tanto privados como públicos, los cuales dan inicio a contactos con el ejecutor de esta consultoría a través de Jeannette Schiess. El objetivo inicial era lograr una indicación geográfica para el Atún de Aleta Amarilla ( Thunnus albacares ) capturado en las inmediaciones de la Isla por pescadores artesanales de Isla de Pascua. Considerando la dificultad de asegurar la posibilidad de demostrar relaciones de causalidad a partir de la información disponible para el Atún de Aleta Amarilla, dada su naturaleza de ser una especie altamente migratoria, con una amplia distribución; se incluyó a la Langosta de Isla de Pascua ( Panulirus pascuensis ), especie que posee una distribución acotada a la Isla de Pascua, Islas Pitcairn y Polinesia Francesa. En vista de la separación geográfica de estas poblaciones de langostas y su baja dispersión a edad adulta, era posible sostener una mayor probabilidad de que los ejemplares de Isla de Pascua poseyeran diferencias distintivas de la misma especie presente en otras áreas geográficas, la cual – de existir información científica publicada – tendría mayor probabilidad de demostrarse a partir de la información disponible. En este contexto, se recomendó 1 realizar una primera etapa de revisión exhaustiva de información científica, informes técnicos, bases de datos y consulta a expertos, con el propósito principal de demostrar relaciones de causalidad entre características particulares y distintivas de estas especies; y con un propósito secundario, en el escenario de no ser posible demostrar relaciones de causalidad, correspondiente a diseñar una propuesta de los estudios necesarios para demostrar estas relaciones. En virtud de lo antes expuesto, se gestionó recursos para financiar una revisión exhaustiva de la información disponible 2, logrando la concurrencia de fondos del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo – BID, a través del Fondo Multilateral de Inversiones - FOMIN 3. En esta instancia se estableció contacto con Carol Cáceres y Matías Platovsky, a quienes se explicitó los alcances de la consultoría y los riesgos asociados, en términos de la dificultad que conllevaba el propósito de identificar relaciones de causalidad a partir de la información disponible, tanto para el atún de aleta amarilla, como para la langosta de Isla de Pascua. Conforme a lo señalado precedentemente, se contrató el desarrollo de la presente consultoría denominada “Estudio de IG del Atún y Langosta”, con el propósito de hacer una revisión exhaustiva del conocimiento actual de ambas especies, en el marco de un proyecto financiado por el FOMIN para Isla de Pascua, el cual está bajo la responsabilidad de la Corporación de Desarrollo Social del Sector Rural – CODESSER. El fin último de la consultoría, si la información 1 Recomendación realizada por el consultor, con el propósito de no incurrir en gastos innecesarios, y por otro lado, focalizar los estudios necesarios de realizar, en caso de no ser posible demostrar relaciones de causalidad a partir de la información científica disponible. 2 Esta gestión de recursos financieros fue realizada por Jeannette Schiess. 3 El FOMIN es la fuente principal de recursos no reembolsables de asistencia técnica para el desarrollo de las micro y pequeñas empresas de América Latina y el Caribe. El FOMIN es una fuente del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo. 2 disponible es suficiente, es demostrar relaciones de causalidad entre características particulares distintivas de estas especies presentes en Isla de Pascua y el área geográfica donde habitan, para generar un informe técnico que sustente la tramitación de una Indicación Geográfica en el Instituto Nacional de Propiedad Industrial (INAPI); o generar una propuesta con los estudios necesarios para lograr dicho propósito. En este contexto, el presente informe corresponde al resultado de la consultoría para la langosta de Isla de Pascua ( Panulirus pascuensis Reed, 1954). Antecedentes La obtención del registro de Indicación Geográfica para la Langosta de Isla de Pascua ( Panulirus pascuensis ) presentes en Isla de Pascua, se visualiza como una alternativa para resguardar estos recursos en términos del valor diferenciador respecto de otras
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