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Decapoda, Palinuridae Y Scyllaridae) De Las Islas Oceánicas Chilenas Investigaciones Marinas, Vol

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Decapoda, Palinuridae Y Scyllaridae) De Las Islas Oceánicas Chilenas Investigaciones Marinas, Vol Investigaciones Marinas ISSN: 0716-1069 [email protected] Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Chile Rivera, Jorge; Mujica, Armando Larvas phyllosoma (Decapoda, Palinuridae y Scyllaridae) de las islas oceánicas chilenas Investigaciones Marinas, vol. 32, núm. 2, 2004, pp. 99-111 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45632208 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Invest. Mar., Valparaíso, 32(2): 99-111, 2004Larvas phyllosoma de las islas oceánicas chilenas 99 Larvas phyllosoma (Decapoda, Palinuridae y Scyllaridae) de las islas oceánicas chilenas Jorge Rivera1 & Armando Mujica2 1Museo del Mar, Departamento de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Arturo Prat Casilla 121, Iquique, Chile 2Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte. Casilla 117, Coquimbo, Chile RESUMEN. Se analizan las larvas phyllosoma de los géneros Jasus, Scyllarus, Projasus (phyllosoma X) y un género indeterminado de la familia Scyllaridae, colectadas durante los cruceros Cimar 5 y 6, Islas Oceánicas chilenas. Se entrega información de la distribución y el estado actual del conocimiento de estas larvas en aguas chilenas. Se incluye una clave de identificación para larvas phyllosoma de los géneros reportados de las áreas de estudio. Palabras clave: larvas phyllosoma, distribución, islas oceánicas, Chile. Phyllosoma larvae (Decapoda, Palinuridae and Scyllaridae) from Chilean oceanic islands ABSTRACT. Phyllosoma larvae collected during the Cimar 5 and 6 cruises near Chilean oceanic islands are discussed. They include representatives of the genera Jasus, Scyllarus, Projasus (phyllosoma X) and an indeterminate genus of Scyllaridae. Information is presented on their distribution and the present state of the knowledge of this larval group in Chilean waters. A key for the identification of genera of the phyllosoma larvae reported from the study area is included. Key words: phyllosoma larvae, distribution, oceanic islands, Chile. INTRODUCCIÓN Según lo señalado en la literatura, en las aguas de principalmente en las islas oceánicas chilenas y sus las islas oceánicas chilenas (Pacífico suroriental) alrededores (Retamal, 1981, 1994, 2000a, 2000b). existen ocho especies de langostas marinas, de las La etapa larvaria de estas especies es relativa- cuales Jasus frontalis H. Milne Edwards, Panulirus mente larga, con 7 a 9 estadios en Scyllaridae y en- pascuensis Reed, y Projasus bahamondei George, tre 11 a 17 estadios en Palinuridae, lo que significa pertenecen a la familia Palinuridae, mientras que un periodo entre 6 y 11 meses de vida planctónica Scyllarus delfíni Bouvier, Ibacus peroni Leach, respectivamente (Atkinson & Boustead, 1982; Ito Parribacus perlatus Holthuis, Scyllarides & Lucas, 1990; Kittaka et al., 1997). roggeveeni Holthuis y Arctides regalis Holthuis, son Los antecedentes sobre morfología y distribu- componentes de la familia Scyllaridae (Báez, 1973; ción geográfica de las larvas phyllosoma de estos Retamal, 1981, 1994, 2000a, 2000b). De éstas, solo decápodos para las aguas del Pacífico sudoriental la presencia de Ibacus peroni requiere ser confir- son escasos (Wehrtmann & Báez, 1997), destacan- mada en aguas chilenas (G. Guzmán, com. pers.), do en este aspecto los trabajos de Báez (1973) sobre encontrándose el resto de las especies distribuidas los phyllosoma de Jasus frontalis, phyllosoma X y Scyllarus delfini. Báez (1979), describe el puerulus (estadio postlarval) de Jasus frontalis y posterior- Autor corresponsal: Jorge Rivera ([email protected]) 100 Investigaciones Marinas, Vol. 32(2) 2004 mente, Báez & Ruiz (2000) describen el puerulus phyllosoma en las estaciones de ambos cruceros se de Projasus bahamondei. Estos estudios, además de indican en las Tablas 1 y 2, respectivamente. otros, han proporcionado información del ciclo de Las muestras se preservaron en solución de vida, distribución, ciclos reproductivos y aspectos formalina (5%) neutralizada con bórax. En todas relacionados con el stock-reclutamiento de estas es- ellas se separaron las larvas Palinuridae y pecies (Sastry, 1982; Palma, 1994; Anger, 2001). Scyllaridae, las que fueron teñidas con azul de El presente trabajo entrega información sobre la metileno para facilitar su identificación a nivel de distribución de larvas phyllosoma colectadas en tor- especie. La longitud total (LT) se determinó entre el no a las islas oceánicas de Chile (Cruceros Cimar 5 margen anterior del rostro y el borde posterior del y 6), la relación de éstas con los principales siste- telson, mediante el uso de microscopio con ocular mas de corrientes de aguas oceánicas y una clave graduado. para la identificación de larvas phyllosoma de los Los géneros de los phyllosoma de ambas fami- ocho géneros reportados en la zona de estudio. lias se identificaron de acuerdo a los trabajos de Gurney (1936), Johnson (1971), Báez (1973, 1983), Ito & Lucas (1990), Dupré & Guisado (1996), MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS Kittaka et al. (1997) y Coutures (2001). Se recolectaron muestras planctónicas y micronectónicas durante el desarrollo de los cruce- RESULTADOS ros oceanográficos Cimar 5 y 6 Islas Oceánicas, a bordo del buque oceanográfico de la Armada de Del total de 197 muestras recolectadas en ambos Chile “Vidal Gormaz”. Las muestras se obtuvieron cruceros, sólo en 28 se obtuvieron larvas en estaciones oceanográficas preestablecidas en dos phyllosoma, lo cual representa el 14% de los lances transectas oceánicas. La primera, efectuada durante efectuados. La mayoría de las larvas se capturaron el crucero Cimar 5, unió Caldera (26°59’S, durante la noche y se encontraron en estado de 71°46’W) con la isla de Pascua, y de allí a la isla phyllosoma, correspondiendo los estadios más de- Salas y Gómez (26°59’S, 107°35’W). La segunda, sarrollados a las capturas efectuadas con red IKMT. efectuada durante el crucero Cimar 6, unió Valpa- Del total de larvas phyllosoma recolectadas en am- raíso (33°00’S, 71°35’W) con el archipiélago de bos cruceros (95), sólo cuatro ejemplares (4%) se Juan Fernández (33°37’S; 80°00’W) y de éste a las capturaron en el crucero Cimar 5 (Fig. 1), los res- islas Desventuradas, San Félix y San Ambrosio tantes se obtuvieron en el crucero Cimar 6 (96%) (26°20’S, 80°00’W). Todas las muestras se recolec- (Fig. 2). taron durante la temporada de primavera (septiem- Entre éstas se identificaron cuatro morfos, co- bre-octubre de 1999 y noviembre de 2000) (Figs. 1 rrespondientes a igual número de especies. De y 2). Palinuridae se identificaron larvas de Jasus frontalis El material zooplanctónico se capturó mediante (61 phyllosoma) y un ejemplar del género Projasus arrastres oblicuos realizados entre 200 m de pro- (phyllosoma X). De Scyllaridae, 31 larvas de fundidad y la superficie, utilizando redes Bongo de Scyllarus delfini, y 2 ejemplares indeterminados, 60 cm de diámetro y 300 µm de abertura de malla, probablemente del género Scyllarides, que por ser provistas de medidores de flujos. Además, se efec- phyllosoma de estadio I, con caracteres morfológicos tuaron arrastres entre la superficie y 500-700 m de poco definidos, impidió su asignación específica. profundidad, con redes de micronecton IKMT Los phyllosoma de Jasus frontalis se captura- (Isaac-Kid Midwater Trawl) de 9 m2 de abertura de ron solo en el crucero Cimar 6, principalmente con boca, túnel de 10 m de largo, con malla de 10 mm y redes Bongo, aunque los ejemplares de mayor de- copo de 1000 µm. sarrollo y talla se encontraron en las muestras obte- En el crucero Cimar 5, se colectaron muestras nidas con red IKMT. de zooplancton en 92 estaciones con redes Bongo, Los phyllosoma de Scyllarus delfini (31 larvas) además de 25 muestras obtenidas con red IKMT. fueron las únicas presentes en ambos cruceros y se En el crucero Cimar 6, en 55 estaciones se obtuvie- capturaron principalmente con redes Bongo duran- ron muestras con redes Bongo y en 25 de ellas con te el crucero Cimar 6, encontrándose bien represen- red IKMT. El número y la hora de captura de larvas tadas alrededor del archipiélago de Juan Fernández Larvas phyllosoma de las islas oceánicas chilenas 101 Figura 1. Presencia de larvas phyllosoma en el crucero Cimar 5. a) Larvas totales co- lectadas en la sección 27°S Cal- dera-isla de Pascua, b) larvas Scyllaridae sp. alrededor de la isla de Pascua, c) larvas Scyllaridae sp. alrededor de la isla Salas y Gómez. Los círcu- los negros indican las estacio- nes positivas. Figure 1. Presence of phyllosoma larvae in the Cimar 5 cruise. a) Total larvae collected in the Caldera-Easter Island 27°S section, b) Scyllaridae sp. larvae around of Easter Island, c) Scyllaridae sp. larvae around of Salas y Gomez Island. Black circle in- dicate positive stations. 102 Investigaciones Marinas, Vol. 32(2) 2004 Tabla 1. Estaciones del crucero Cimar 5, con presencia de larvas phyllosoma. Table 1. Stations of the Cimar 5 cruise, with occurrence of phyllosoma larvae. Estación Scyllarus delfini Projasus sp. Scyllaridae sp. Total Hora Localidad local Bongo IKMT Bongo IKMT Bongo IKMT (GMT -04:00) 11 1 x x x x x 1 05:00 05:10 Sección 27°S 16 x x x 1 x x 1 23:54 00:13 Sección 27°S 52 x x x x 1 x 1 03:41 03:57 Isla de Pascua 78 x x x x x 1 1 21:03 21:18 I. Salas y Gómez Total 10 01 114 Tabla 2. Estaciones del crucero Cimar 6, con presencia de larvas phyllosoma. Table 2. Stations of the Cimar 6 cruise, with occurrence of phyllosoma larvae. Estación Jasus frontalis Scyllarus delfini Total Hora local Localidad (GMT 04:00) Bongo IKMT Bongo IKMT 5 x 1 x x 1 05:10 08:00 Sección 33°S 26 8 x 2 x 10 22:30 23:00 I. Robinson Crusoe 30 1 x x x 1 01:50 04:15 I.
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