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Boletín En Versión GOBIERNO DE CHILE MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL ISSN - 0027 - 3910 BOLETIN MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL CHILE Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile - N° 50 -156 p. - 2001 BOLETIN MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL CHILE Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile - N° 50 -156 p. - 2001 MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN PÚBLICA Ministra de Educación Pública Mariana Aylwin O. Subsecretario de Educación José Weinstein C. Pirectora de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos Clara Budnik S. Impreso en los talleres de Edisur Avda. Ferrocarril 1941, Maipú Santiago de Chile museo nacional 1|J H r nistorU natura! BOLETÍN DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL CHILE Directora María Eliana Ramírez Directora del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Editor Daniel Frassinetti Comité Editor Pedro Báez R. Mario Elgueta D. Juan C. Torres M. Consultores Invitados Juan C. Cárdenas Ecocéanos Pablo Marquet Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Rubén Martínez P. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Mélica Muñoz S. Museo Nacional de Historia Natural José Navarro Universidad de Chile Walter Sielfeíd Universidad Arturo Prat Ismael E. Di Tada Universidad de Río Cuarto, Argentina Sebastián Teillier Universidad Central Alberto Veloso Universidad de Chile i Dirección de Bibliotecas, Archivos y Museos Inscripción N° 88.266 Edición de 800 ejemplares Museo Nacional de Historia Natural Casilla 787 Santiago de Chile www.mnhn.cl MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAI. BIBLIOTÈCA CIÈNTÌFIÒA ABATE JUAN IGNACIO MOLINA) - SANTIAGO* CHILI Se ofrece y se acepta canje Exchange with similar publications is desired Échange souhaité Wir bitten um Austauch mit aehnlichen Fachzeitschriften Si desidera il cambio con publicazioni congeneri Deseja-se permuta con as publicaçôes congénères Contribución del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural al Programa del Conocimiento y Preservación de la Diversidad Biológica El Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural es indizado en Zoological Records a través de Biosis Las opiniones vertidas en cada uno de los artículos publicados son de exclusiva responsabilidad del autor respectivo BOLETÍN DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL CHILE 2001 50 SUMARIO ELIZABETH BARRERA M., INÉS MEZA y MARÍA T. SERRA U. Epidermis foliar de Euphorbiaceae presentes en Chile, aporte a la ubicación sistemática de Avellanita bustillosii Phil...................................................... ............................... *......................... G. PAOLO SANINO y JOSÉ YÁÑEZ Estudio de un ejemplar de Globicephala melas varado en III Región y revisión de los registros del género para C hile....................................................................................................... G. PAOLO SANINO y JOSÉ YÁÑEZ Nueva técnica de videoidentificación y estimación de tamaño poblacional en cetáceos, apli­ cada en delfines nariz de botella, Tursiops truncatus, de isla Choros, IV Región de Chile ROBERTO MELÉNDEZ C. y AUGUSTO CORNEJO A. Catálogo de los peces litorales de las islas Desventuradas (ca. 26° S) recolectados durante febrero 1997, y depositados en la colección del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile 65 DANIEL FRASSINETTIC. j _ Moluscos bivalvos y gastrópodos del Mioceno marino de Isla Stokes, Sur de Chile HERMAN NÚÑEZ, JAMES A. SCHULTEII y CARLOS GARÍN Liolaemus josephorum, nueva especie de lagartija para el Norte de Chile............................. 91 HERMAN NÚÑEZ y ALBERTO VELOSO Distribución geográfica de las especies de lagartos de la Región de Antofagasta, C hile..... ARIEL CAMOUSSEIGHT Ephemeroptera (Insecta) de Chile. Su conocimiento actual...................................................... JOSÉ A. COCILOVO Diversidad morfométrica: estimación de distancias, supuestos y restricciones..................... Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 50: 7-19 (2001) EPIDERMIS FOLIAR DE EUPHORBIACEAE PRESENTES EN CHILE, APORTE A LA UBICACIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE AVELLANITA BUSTILLOSII PHIL. ELIZABETH BARRERA M.*, INÉS MEZA P.** y MARÍA TERESA SERRA. V.*»* Sección Botánica, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, casilla 787, Santiago, Chile *email: [email protected], **email: [email protected] ***Dpto. de Silvicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Chile, casilla 9206, Santiago, Chile. e-mail: [email protected] RESUMEN Se describen y analizan las características de la epidermis foliar de Avellanita bust i lio si i Phil, y se comparan con las de 19 especies de Euphorbiaceae Que viven en Chile, pertenecientes a Adenopeltis (1), Chiropetalum (4), Colliguaja (4), Croton (1), Dysopsis (1), Euphorbia (7) y Ricinus (1), con el objetivo de aportar antecedentes Que ayuden a la ubicación sistemática de esta especie. La forma de las células interreticulares, el tipo, tamaño y densidad de estomas, y el tipo de tricomas, son los caracteres que permiten relacionar a Avellanita bustillosii Phil, con el género Chiropetalum, subfamilia Acalyphoideae. Palabras clave: Euphorbiaceae, Epidermis foliar, Avellanita bustillosii Phil. ABSTRACT Foliar epidermal characteristics of the Euphorbiaceae present in Chile, contribution to systematic position of Avellanita bustillosii Phil. The leaf of the Avellanita bustillosii and those of nineteen species of Chilean Euphorbiaceae, belonging to genera Adenopeltis (1), Chiropetalum (4), Colliguaja (4), Croton (1), Dysopsis (1), Euphorbia (7) and Ricinus (1), have been studied. Several characters, the shape of epidermal cells, type, size and density of stomata and hairs type, are the characters that support the relation of Avellanita bustillosii Phil, with the genus Chiropetalum, subfamily Acalyphoideae. Key words: Euphorbiaceae, Foliar characters, Avellanita bustillosii Phil. 8 BOLETÍN DEL MUSEO NACIONAL DE HISTORIA NATURAL, CHILE INTRODUCCIÓN El género Avellanita Phil., es un género monotípico, basado en su única especie tipo, Avellanita bustillosii Phil., descrita por R.A. Philippi en 1864-65, con material colectado por Vicente Bustillos en Colchagua, SGO1 51526, (Fig. 1). La ubicación sistemática de Avellanita Phil. en Euphorbiaceae se ha mantenido dudosa hasta la actualidad, principalmente por la falta de material de consulta y de estudios taxonómicos recientes (Serra, 1998). Philippi, asignó Avellanita a Crotoneae, subfamilia Crotonoideae (familia Euphorbiaceae); posteriormente, Bentham (1880) lo ubicó entre Micandra y Hevea géneros asignados también a la tribu Crotoneae. Pax, en 1910, lo cambió de tribu y lo asignó a Jatropheae, pero reconociendo Que las hojas lo acercan a Chiropetalum. Pax y Hofíman, en 1931, asignaron el género Avellanita a la tribu Acalypheae, subfamilia Acalyphoideae. El especialista en Euphorbiaceae, Grady L. Webster (1994a), ubicó el género Avellanita Phil. como incertae sedis, ante la imposibilidad de ubicarlo sistemáticamente en la familia; a pesar, de reconocer la dudosa afinidad de este género, este especialista opina Que, algunas características florales y del polen podrían permitir su ubicación en la subfamilia Acalyphoideae. La Subfamilia Acalyphoideae es una de las más numerosas y más complejas de las Euphorbiaceae (Webster, 1994b). Este grupo se caracteriza por la presencia de los caracteres plesiomórflcos de las Euphorbiaceae, a excepción de las flores apétalas, estado Que parece haber evolucionado varias veces en la familia. Según Gillispie y Scott (1997), un gran grupo de géneros relacionados aparecen formando el centro de la subfamilia: tribus Acalypheae y Alchomicae, pero existen varios géneros Que aparecen fílogenéticamente aislados, entre ellos: Chaetocarpus, Thwaites, Clutia, Pera, Ompholea y Pogonophora. En el presente trabajo, con el objetivo de aportar antecedentes Que ayuden a determinar la ubicación sistemática de Avellanita bustillosii Phil., se analizan las características de la epi­ dermis foliar de esta especie y su relación con las características epidemiales de otros géneros de Euphorbiaceae presentes en Chile, tales como Adenopeltis, Chiropetalum, Colliguaja, Croton, Dysopsis, Euphorbia y Ricinus, (Cuadro 1). MATERIAL Y MÉTODO El trabajo se realizó con material obtenido de los herbarios de la Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal de la Universidad de Chile (EIF)2 y del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (SGO), Santiago, Chile. Las hojas se trataron con NaOH al 5% por tiempos variables, posteriormente se lavaron varias veces con agua destilada, después se colocaron en hipoclorito de sodio al 50%, por tiempo variable, dependiendo de la consistencia del material; a continuación se lavaron repeti­ damente con agua destilada hasta extraer totalmente el hipoclorito. Una vez separadas las epi­ dermis y eliminado el mesófilo, las muestras fueron teñidas con safranina y montadas utilizan­ do gelatina glicerinada. 1 SGO, sigla Que identifica internacionalmente al Herbario del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile. 2 EIF : sigla, reconocida internacionalmente, Que corresponde a la Escuela de Ciencias Forestales Universidad de Chile. E. BARRERA et al. / Epidermis foliar de Euphorbiaceae y sistemática de Avellanita bustillosii 9 Las observaciones, mediciones y fotomicrografías se hicieron en un microscopio Leitz Dialux 20. La colección de preparaciones microscópicas (SGOpm3), se encuentra depositada en la Sección Botánica del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago, Chile (Cuadro 2). CUADRO 1. Sistemática de las Euphorbiaceae, según Webster, 1994. Subfamilia Tribu Subtribu Género Esperie Acalyphoideae Chrozophoreae Ditaxinae Chiropetalum Ch. berteroanum Ch. canescens Ch. cremnophylum Ch. tricuspidatum Acalypheae Ricininae
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