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ESTUDOS MORFOLÓGICOS E FILOGENÉTICOS DE Sebastiania Spreng

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ESTUDOS MORFOLÓGICOS E FILOGENÉTICOS DE Sebastiania Spreng SARAH MARIA ATHIÊ DE SOUZA ESTUDOS MORFOLÓGICOS E FILOGENÉTICOS DE Sebastiania Spreng. (HIPPOMANEAE, EUPHORBIACEAE) RECIFE – PE 2011 SARAH MARIA ATHIÊ DE SOUZA ESTUDOS MORFOLÓGICOS E FILOGENÉTICOS DE Sebastiania Spreng. (HIPPOMANEAE, EUPHORBIACEAE) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Botânica da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – PPGB/UFRPE, como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Botânica. Orientadora: Profª. Dra. Margareth Ferreira de Sales Co-Orientador: Prof. Dr. André Laurênio de Melo Co-Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcos José da Silva RECIFE – PE 2011 Ficha catalográfica S729e Souza, Sarah Maria Athiê de Estudos morfológicos e filogenéticos de Sebastiania Spreng. (Hippomaneae, Euphorbiaceae) / Sarah Maria Athiê de Souza. -- 2011. 152 f.: il. Orientadora: Margareth Ferreira de Sales. Dissertação (Mestrado em Botânica) – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Recife, 2011. Inclui anexo, apêndice e referências. 1. Cladística 2. Morfologia 3. Euphorbioideae 4. Taxonomia I. Sales, Margareth Ferreira de, orientadora II. Título CDD 582 ESTUDOS MORFOLÓGICOS E FILOGENÉTICOS DE Sebastiania Spreng. (HIPPOMANEAE, EUPHORBIACEAE) SARAH MARIA ATHIÊ DE SOUZA ORIENTADORA:_____________________________________________________ Profª Drª Margareth Ferreira de Sales Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE Dissertação defendida e aprovada pela banca examinadora em: ___/___/___ ___________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marccus Vinícius da Silva Alves Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE Titular ___________________________________________________________________________ Profª Drª Carmen Sílvia Zickel Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE Titular ______________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. José Iranildo Miranda de Melo Universidade Estadual da Paraíba – UEPB Titular ______________________________________________________________________ Profª. Drª. Ana Paula de Souza Gomes Faculdade de Integração do Sertão – FIS Suplente Recife – PE 2011 Souza, S.M.A. Estudos morfológicos e filogenéticos de... DEDICO A minha amada mãe, Nilza Cereda e minha querida irmã, Samira Athiê pelo amor, compreensão, apoio ilimitado e por me ensinarem a importância da construção de meus próprios valores. OFEREÇO Ao meu querido marido, Valdomiro Júnior, com muito amor e carinho. Pelo seu amor, incentivo, companheirismo, aconselhamentos, dedicação e apoio incondicional. v Souza, S.M.A. Estudos morfológicos e filogenéticos de... AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente, agradeço a Deus por estar sempre presente na minha vida, me protegendo, guiando meus caminhos, concedendo grandes bênçãos e por me permitir construir essa dissertação e alcançar mais esta vitória. À minha mãe e irmã que sempre estiveram perto de mim apesar da distância. Agradeço de coração por todas as orações, pelo carinho e pela torcida. Mãe, você é meu exemplo de vida, responsável por minha formação e meu caráter. Samira, você é muito mais que uma irmã, é uma grande amiga, pois sempre dividiu comigo os melhores e os piores momentos de minha vida. Obrigada por me amarem assim como eu as amo e sempre amarei. Ao meu querido marido que ao meu lado compartilhou as alegrias e preocupações desta etapa, que sempre confiou em mim mais do que eu mesma, por todo apoio, carinho, paciência nos momentos de surtos, compreensão, conselhos, incentivo e principalmente por seu amor e respeito. Saiba que este trabalho não seria o mesmo sem o seu apoio, por isso essa conquista é nossa!!! Te amo muito!!! Aos meus sogros, Jaideth Buarque e Valdomiro Souza, que me acolheram na família como filha. Também agradeço aos meus cunhados Jamesson Buarque e Vivianne Buarque por todo o carinho, assim como Jelvanicy Buarque e José Pinto pelo apoio e torcida. À profª Drª Margareth Ferreira de Sales pela orientação dedicada, parceria, ensinamentos valiosos, paciência, compreensão e acima de tudo por acreditar em mim. Ao prof. Dr. André Laurênio de Melo pelos esclarecimentos sobre a tribo Hippomaneae em especial o gênero Sebastiania, pelo empréstimo de importantes referências, pela parceria nas coletas e, sobretudo pelo apoio e amizade. Ao prof. Dr. Marcos José da Silva pela ajuda indispensável no desenvolvimento dos estudos filogenéticos, pela paciência em me orientar a distância, além da generosidade em me receber vi Souza, S.M.A. Estudos morfológicos e filogenéticos de... na UNICAMP e disponibilizar seu tempo para ensinar filogenia e me ajudar nos meus primeiros passos nas técnicas de Biologia Molecular. Aos membros da pré-banca, Carmem Zickel, Iranildo Miranda e Marccus Alves, pelas importantes sugestões e contribuições. Á profª Drª Anete P. de Souza por ter me possibilitado o uso do laboratório do CBMEG/UNICAMP para a realização do estudo molecular. Ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, pelo apoio institucional para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), pela concessão da bolsa de estudo, essencial para a dedicação exclusiva e desenvolvimento deste estudo. Ao corpo Docente do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, por contribuir com a minha formação acadêmica. A Regina Carvalho, pelas ilustrações, pela disponibilidade e compreensão. Agradeço também a bibliotecária Ana Catarina, pelo apoio constante no setor de comutação bibliográfica e aos funcionários Joana d’Arc Vicente, Manassés Araújo e Kênia Muniz pelo carinho e apoio. Aos Curadores de todos os Herbários que visitei e pela autorização concedida para a execução das análises filogenéticas moleculares, em especial a curadora do herbário PEUFR, Elizabeth Bandeira por todo o apoio. Ao ―cumpadis‖ Romero e Cláudia, muito mais que um casal de amigos, pela amizade sincera, presença agradável, cumplicidade, apoio e carinho. Muito obrigada pelos diversos momentos de felicidades que compartilhamos em Serra Talhada, Triunfo, Recife e nas belas praias que conhecemos juntos. Às grandes amigas Andrêsa Alves, Juliana Silva, Leidiana Lima, Luciana Oliveira, Maria Carolina e Paula Eymael que sempre estiveram do meu lado nos momentos de alegrias e vii Souza, S.M.A. Estudos morfológicos e filogenéticos de... também nos momentos de nervosismo e preocupação. Agradeço, sobretudo pelo ótimo convívio que temos no LATAX, pois apesar de ser constituído na sua maioria por mulheres nunca houve discussão ou desentendimento, pelo contrário, o nosso lema é a união! Obrigada pelas inúmeras ajudas, sugestões e muitos momentos de descontração. Agradeço com carinho ao representante masculino do laboratório, meu amigo de profissão e técnico em informática nas horas vagas, Wenderson Ferreira, assim como à Juliana Silva por toda sua atenção e generosidade na hospedagem em Campinas. Aos amigos de mestrado e doutorado, pelo convívio diário, apoio e amizade demonstrada, em especial Eduardo Almeida, Lucilene Lima e Natan Messias, assim como aos meus amigos da graduação da ESALQ/USP, que estiveram sempre presentes – mesmo que fisicamente distantes (Alexandra Rosa, Ana Luiza Godoy, Carolina Grando, Cintia Mazuco, Darcy Barthmann, Karina Salomão, Ester Holcman, Luis Polesi, Miriam Selani, Natália Espósito e Patrícia Pinto). E a todos que contribuíram direta ou indiretamente para a execução desse trabalho. Talvez, por displicência, alguém pode não ter sido citado, dessa forma, para cada pessoa que torceu por mim, meus sinceros agradecimentos. “Aquele que habita no esconderijo do Altíssimo, à sombra do Todo-Poderoso descansará. Direi do Senhor: Ele é o meu refúgio e a minha fortaleza, o meu Deus em quem confio...porquanto fizeste do Senhor o teu refúgio e do Altíssimo a tua habitação, nenhum mal te sucederá.” Salmos, 91 viii Souza, S.M.A. Estudos morfológicos e filogenéticos de... SUMÁRIO LISTA DE FIGURAS LISTA DE TABELAS RESUMO ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUÇÃO 15 2. REVISÃO DE LITERATURA 2.1. Sistemática filogenética e molecular............................................................ 17 2.2. Classificação e filogenia de Euphorbiaceae................................................. 20 2.2.1. Taxonomia e filogenia da tribo Hippomaneae.................................. 23 2.2.2. Histórico da tribo Hippomaneae....................................................... 25 2.2.3. Taxonomia e filogenia do gênero Sebastiania Spreng..................... 27 2.2.4. Histórico do gênero Sebastiania....................................................... 28 2.3. Morfologia de frutos e sementes de Euphorbiaceae................................... 33 3. REFERÊNCIAS.................................................................................................. 36 4. CAPÍTULO I....................................................................................................... 46 Título: Filogenia morfológica e molecular de Sebastiania Spreng. (Hippomaneae,Euphorbiaceae) Abstract..................................................................................................................... 48 Introdução................................................................................................................. 49 Materiais e Métodos.................................................................................................. 50 Resultados................................................................................................................. 52 Discussão.................................................................................................................
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