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Revision and Phylogeny of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia
Blumea 55, 2010: 21–60 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/blumea RESEARCH ARTICLE doi:10.3767/000651910X499141 Revision and phylogeny of Acalypha (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia V.G. Sagun1,2, G.A. Levin2, P.C. van Welzen3 Key words Abstract Twenty-eight species of Acalypha are recognized in Malesia. Acalypha paniculata is the sole member of subgenus Linostachys in Malesia and the rest of the species belong to subgenus Acalypha. Four previously Acalypha synonymized species are resurrected as distinct species, namely A. angatensis, A. cardiophylla var. cardiophylla, Euphorbiaceae A. grandis, and A. wilkesiana. Four species names are newly reduced to synonymy. The molecular phylogenetic Malesia analyses indicate that Acalypha is monophyletic, as is the subgenus Acalypha. The early-diverging lineages in the phylogeny genus, and its closest outgroup, consist of African species. The Malesian species do not form a monophyletic group although the molecular data strongly support two small clades within the region that are morphologically homogene- ous. The classification system that Pax and Hoffmann applied to subgenus Acalypha, which is based primarily on inflorescence morphology, appears to be unsatisfactory and incongruent with the phylogenetic analyses. Published on 16 April 2010 INTRODUCTION Molecular systematics confirms the placement of Acalypha in Acalyphoideae s.s. and shows a close relationship between Acalypha L. is the third largest genus in the Euphorbiaceae Acalypha and Mareya Baill. (Wurdack et al. 2005, Tokuoka s.s. after Euphorbia L., and Croton L., having about 450 spe- 2007). Their relationship is supported by similar morphologi- cies worldwide (Webster 1994, Radcliffe-Smith 2001). In the cal characteristics, including laciniate styles, pendulous anther Malesian region, 28 species of Acalypha are recognized herein. -
Identification of Fatty Acids in Sacha Inchi Oil (Cursive Plukenetia Volubilis L.) from Ecuador
Online - 2455-3891 Vol 11, Issue 2, 2018 Print - 0974-2441 Research Article IDENTIFICATION OF FATTY ACIDS IN SACHA INCHI OIL (CURSIVE PLUKENETIA VOLUBILIS L.) FROM ECUADOR CARRILLO W1,3*, QUINTEROS M F1, CARPIO C1, MORALES D1,VÁSQUEZ G2,ÁLVAREZ M1, SILVA M1 1Laboratory of Functional Foods, Faculty of Foods Science and Engineering, Technical University of Ambato. Av. Los Chasquis y Rio Payamino. Campus Huachi, CP 1801334, Ambato, Ecuador. 2Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Production Sciences, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 VíaPerimetral, Guayaquil, Ecuador. 3Department of Research. Bolivar State University, Academic Campus, Alpacha EC. Av Ernesto Che Guevara s/n and Av Gabriel Secaira, EC 020150, Guaranda, Ecuador. Email: [email protected] Received: 04 October 2016, Revised and Accepted: 10 October 2016 ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to identify fatty acids in a sacha inchi oil sample. Methods: Sacha inchi oil was obtained of sacha inchi seeds using the cold pressing method. Fatty acids analysis was carried out using the gas chromatography with a mass selective detector and using the database Library NIST14.L to identify the compounds. Results: seeds only have 3.98% of palmitic acid. Sacha inchi seeds have a high content of unsaturated fatty acids with 34.98% of ɷ6 α- Linoleic and 47.04% of ɷ3 α- Linolenic. Sacha inchi Conclusions: functional foods. Sacha inchi seed is a good source of fatty acids ɷ3 and ɷ6, being ɷ3 and ɷ6 in a good proportion. Sacha inchi oil can be used to elaborate Keywords: Pluketeniavolubilis graph Sacha inchi, , Fatty acids, Gas chromato y - mass selective detector, Methyl ester. -
Revision of the Genus Cleidion (Euphorbiaceae) in Malesia
BLUMEA 50: 197–219 Published on 22 April 2005 http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/000651905X623373 REVISION OF THE GENUS CLEIDION (EUPHORBIACEAE) IN MALESIA KRISTO K.M. KULJU & PETER C. VAN WELZEN Nationaal Herbarium Nederland, Universiteit Leiden branch, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] SUMMARY A revision of the Malesian species in the genus Cleidion is presented. Cleidion javanicum is shown to be the correct name for the widespread type species (instead of the name C. spiciflorum). A new species, C. luziae, resembling C. javanicum, is described from the Moluccas, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. In addition, C. salomonis is synonymised with C. papuanum and C. lanceolatum is treated as a variety of C. ramosii. In total 7 Malesian Cleidion species are recognized. Cleidion megistophyllum from the Philippines cannot reliably be confirmed to belong to the genus due to lack of information and specimens and is treated as a doubtful species. Key words: Cleidion, Acalypheae, Cleidiinae, revision, taxonomy, Malesia. INTRODUCTION Cleidion is a pantropical genus belonging to the large angiosperm family Euphorbiaceae s.s. It was described by Blume (1825), who included a single species C. javanicum1. The first revision was made by Müller Argoviensis (1865, 1866). His work was fol- lowed by the comprehensive treatment of Pax & Hoffmann (1914), which included 17 species. Pax & Hoffmann excluded the section Discocleidion Müll.Arg. which differs from Cleidion by the presence of a staminate and pistillate disc (in Cleidion a disc is absent), stipellate and palmatinerved leaves (in Cleidion the leaves are non-stipellate and pinnatinerved), and differences in anther type. -
Oxidative Stability and Shelf Life of Avocado Oil Extracted Cold and Hot Using Discard Avocado (Persea Americana)
Scientia Agropecuaria 11(1): 127 – 133 (2020) SCIENTIA AGROPECUARIA Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Scientia Agropecuaria Universidad Nacional de Website: http://revistas.unitru.edu.pe/index.php/scientiaagrop Trujillo Oxidative stability and shelf life of avocado oil extracted cold and hot using discard avocado (Persea americana) * Jhoseline Guillén-Sánchez ; Luz María Paucar-Menacho Universidad Nacional del Santa, Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería Agroindustrial y Agrónoma, Av. Universitaria s/n, Urb. Bellamar, Nuevo Chimbote, Ancash, Peru. Received August 31, 2019. Accepted March 8, 2020. Abstract During the last years, the world avocado trade is on the rise, however, approximately 20% of the production is rejected for low caliber. This avocado discarded by low caliber can be used in the elaboration of other products, to give it added value. The objective of this study was to determine the shelf life of Hass avocado oil, type of discard, obtained by: (a) Drying by stove/Soxhlet (b) Lyophilized/Expeller. For the physicochemical characterization of the oil, density, melting point, acidity index, refractive index, iodine index and peroxide index were determined. The induction time was carried out by the RANCIMAT method, for which three temperatures of 140 °C, 160 °C and 180 °C were used and the shelf life of the oil was obtained by extrapolation at 25 °C. The results indicate that there is a significant statistical difference in the physicochemical characteristics of both oils. The shelf life was for the oil obtained by drying stove/Soxhlet 5.94 years and for the oil obtained by freeze-dried/Expeller 4.41 years, since both oils had a high content of unsaturated fatty acids 16.98% and 17.12%, respectively. -
Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia Volubilis): a Seed Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, Tocopherols, Phytosterols, Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity
Food Chemistry 141 (2013) 1732–1739 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Food Chemistry journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis): A seed source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity Rosana Chirinos a, Gledy Zuloeta a, Romina Pedreschi a,c, Eric Mignolet b, Yvan Larondelle b, ⇑ David Campos a, a Instituto de Biotecnología (IBT), Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina-UNALM, Av., La Molina s/n, Lima, Peru b Institut des Sciences de la Vie, UCLouvain, Croix du Sud 2/8, B-1348 Louvain-la Neuve, Belgium c Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen UR, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708WG, The Netherlands article info abstract Article history: Fatty acids (FA), phytosterols, tocopherols, phenolic compounds, total carotenoids and hydrophilic and Received 14 December 2012 lipophilic ORAC antioxidant capacities were evaluated in 16 cultivars of Sacha inchi (SI) seeds with the Received in revised form 7 March 2013 aim to valorise them and offer more information on the functional properties of SI seeds. A high a lino- Accepted 23 April 2013 lenic (a-Ln) fatty acid content was found in all cultivars (x3, 12.8–16.0 g/100 g seed), followed by linoleic Available online 3 May 2013 (L) fatty acid (x6, 12.4–14.1 g/100 g seed). The ratio x6/x3 was within the 0.83–1.09 range. c- and d-toc- opherols were the most important tocopherols, whereas the most representative phytosterols were b- Keywords: sitosterol and stigmasterol. Contents of total phenolics, total carotenoids and hydrophilic and lipophilic Plukenetia volubilis antioxidant capacities ranged from 64.6 to 80 mg of gallic acid equivalent/100 g seed; from 0.07 to Fatty acids Phytosterols 0.09 mg of b-carotene equivalent/100 g of seed; from 4.3 to 7.3 and, from 1.0 to 2.8 lmol of Trolox equiv- Tocopherols alent/g of seed, respectively, among the evaluated SI cultivars. -
The Evolutionary Fate of Rpl32 and Rps16 Losses in the Euphorbia Schimperi (Euphorbiaceae) Plastome Aldanah A
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The evolutionary fate of rpl32 and rps16 losses in the Euphorbia schimperi (Euphorbiaceae) plastome Aldanah A. Alqahtani1,2* & Robert K. Jansen1,3 Gene transfers from mitochondria and plastids to the nucleus are an important process in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. Plastid (pt) gene losses have been documented in multiple angiosperm lineages and are often associated with functional transfers to the nucleus or substitutions by duplicated nuclear genes targeted to both the plastid and mitochondrion. The plastid genome sequence of Euphorbia schimperi was assembled and three major genomic changes were detected, the complete loss of rpl32 and pseudogenization of rps16 and infA. The nuclear transcriptome of E. schimperi was sequenced to investigate the transfer/substitution of the rpl32 and rps16 genes to the nucleus. Transfer of plastid-encoded rpl32 to the nucleus was identifed previously in three families of Malpighiales, Rhizophoraceae, Salicaceae and Passiforaceae. An E. schimperi transcript of pt SOD-1- RPL32 confrmed that the transfer in Euphorbiaceae is similar to other Malpighiales indicating that it occurred early in the divergence of the order. Ribosomal protein S16 (rps16) is encoded in the plastome in most angiosperms but not in Salicaceae and Passiforaceae. Substitution of the E. schimperi pt rps16 was likely due to a duplication of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial-targeted rps16 resulting in copies dually targeted to the mitochondrion and plastid. Sequences of RPS16-1 and RPS16-2 in the three families of Malpighiales (Salicaceae, Passiforaceae and Euphorbiaceae) have high sequence identity suggesting that the substitution event dates to the early divergence within Malpighiales. -
Plukenetia Volubilis L
ISSN 1807-1929 Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental v.22, n.6, p.396-400, 2018 Campina Grande, PB, UAEA/UFCG – http://www.agriambi.com.br DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n6p396-400 Substrate and seed sowing position on the production of Plukenetia volubilis L. seedlings Tatiane S. Jeromini1, Ana S. V. Barbosa1, Givanildo Z. da Silva2 & Cibele C. Martins1 1 Universidade Estadual Paulista/Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias/Campus de Jaboticabal. Jaboticabal, SP. E-mail: [email protected] - ORCID: 0000-0003-0810-3111 (Corresponding author); [email protected] - ORCID: 0000-0001-8319-9104; [email protected] - ORCID: 0000-0002-1720-9252 2 Universidade Federal de Goiás/Regional de Jataí. Jataí, GO. E-mail: [email protected] - ORCID: 0000-0002-6380-1599 Key words: A B S T R A C T emergence Plukenetia volubilis is a species native to the Amazonia and has economic potential due Sacha inchi to the high contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamins of the seeds; however, information about production of seedlings in nursery is scarce. Factors that contribute to seedlings fast emergence and generation of vigorous seedlings are desirable for plant production in vigor the nursery. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the most favorable substrate and seed position for the production of P. volubilis seedlings. The seeds were sown in the following four positions: hilum facing up, hilum facing down, seed lying on its cotyledon suture, and seed lying flat on one of its cotyledon faces. The substrates were sand, vermiculite and commercial substrate. -
WO 2017/011891 Al 26 January 2017 (26.01.2017) P O P CT
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2017/011891 Al 26 January 2017 (26.01.2017) P O P CT (51) International Patent Classification: AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, A23D 9/00 (2006.01) A61K 31/56 (2006.01) BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, A23D 9/007 (2006.01) A61K 31/575 (2006.01) DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, A61K 31/122 (2006.01) A61K 36/00 (2006.01) HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JP, KE, KG, KN, KP, KR, A61K 31/202 (2006.01) A61P 3/02 (2006.01) KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, A61K 31/355 (2006.01) CUB 1/00 (2006.01) MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, SC, (21) International Application Number: SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, PCT/CA20 15/000441 TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (22) International Filing Date: (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 23 July 20 15 (23.07.2015) kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (25) Filing Language: English GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, RW, SD, SL, ST, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, RU, (26) Publication Language: English TJ, TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, (72) Inventor; and DK, EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, (71) Applicant : SYAL, Rakesh, Richard, K. -
G/SPS/GEN/735 18 October 2006 ORGANIZATION (06-5041) Committee on Sanitary and Original: Spanish Phytosanitary Measures
WORLD TRADE G/SPS/GEN/735 18 October 2006 ORGANIZATION (06-5041) Committee on Sanitary and Original: Spanish Phytosanitary Measures STATEMENT BY COLOMBIA ON REGULATION No. 258/97 OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Statement by Colombia at the Meeting Held on 11 and 12 October 2006 The following communication, received on 12 October 2006, is being circulated at the request of the delegation of Colombia. _______________ 1. We wish to express our concern to the Committee on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures concerning the stringent criteria laid down in Regulation No. 258 of 1997 of the European Communities. One of the reasons for Colombia's concern is that the legislation is deemed to be excessive and restrictive and it affects the trade interests of sectors of high export potential. 2. Furthermore, Colombia would like to emphasize that probably the only way of obtaining access to the European Communities market is to rely on the cooperation, support and assistance of the European Communities themselves so that, on the one hand, Colombian products may meet the standards and, on the other, developing countries are helped to export ecological products from tropical regions that respect the environment. 3. On 6 September 2006, through its Embassy in Brussels, Colombia sent to the European Commission a document containing a list of exotic products that would be affected by Regulation (EC) No. 258/197 as they are considered to be "Novel Foods". The non-exhaustive list of products includes the following: Babaco, Malanga, Biriba, South American sapote, Barbados gooseberry, Tarap, Piñuela, Barbary fig, Mountain papaya, Piquia, Coupeia, Patashte, Mamey apple, Spanish lime, Brazil nut, Choiba, Amazon tree grape, Camu-Camu, Araza, Pineapple guava, Peach palm, Corozo palm, Bataua palm, Passion flower, Sweet calabash, Purple granadilla, Borojo, Genipap, Sapodilla, Lucuma, Mamey sapote, Ross sapote, Yellow star apple, Cocona, Potato varieties, Oca, Ulluco, Mashua, Arracacha, Maca, Yacon, Sweet potato, Arrowroot, Inchi, Sacha-Inchi, Sweet honey leaf and Sagu. -
Emerging Vegetable Oils in Europe
CBI Product Factsheet: Emerging vegetable oils in Europe CBI | Market Intelligence Product Factsheet Cloves in Germany | 1 Introduction The drive for innovation in the European food industry leads companies to adopt new ingredients in order to remain competitive. The introduction of new vegetable oils (emerging oils), either as ingredients or as final consumer products, is a form of innovation, differentiation and marketing used by food companies to articulate their competitive edge. On the other side of the coin, exporters of emerging oils still face a number of challenges to access the European market successfully. Whereas the Novel Food Regulation imposes marketing restrictions on a number of innovative products, some barriers to suppliers are often related to issues such as supply sufficiency and stability. At the same time, emerging oils also provide opportunities in terms of niche marketing and value adding propositions. Understanding the European market for emerging vegetable oils Innovation is high on the agenda of food manufacturers in Europe, significantly in North-Western Europe. In order to remain competitive, companies invest heavily in Research & Development (R&D), with the goal of adapting products to ever-changing consumer preferences, food health and safety requirements and introducing novelty into the food market. A large part of this strategy consists in finding new ingredient solutions. Vegetable oils are an integral part of several food products and, as such, are an interesting basis for product development. The introduction of new vegetable oils, either as ingredients or as final consumer products, is a form of innovation, differentiation and marketing used by food companies to articulate their competitive edge. -
ESTUDOS MORFOLÓGICOS E FILOGENÉTICOS DE Sebastiania Spreng
SARAH MARIA ATHIÊ DE SOUZA ESTUDOS MORFOLÓGICOS E FILOGENÉTICOS DE Sebastiania Spreng. (HIPPOMANEAE, EUPHORBIACEAE) RECIFE – PE 2011 SARAH MARIA ATHIÊ DE SOUZA ESTUDOS MORFOLÓGICOS E FILOGENÉTICOS DE Sebastiania Spreng. (HIPPOMANEAE, EUPHORBIACEAE) Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Botânica da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – PPGB/UFRPE, como requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Botânica. Orientadora: Profª. Dra. Margareth Ferreira de Sales Co-Orientador: Prof. Dr. André Laurênio de Melo Co-Orientador: Prof. Dr. Marcos José da Silva RECIFE – PE 2011 Ficha catalográfica S729e Souza, Sarah Maria Athiê de Estudos morfológicos e filogenéticos de Sebastiania Spreng. (Hippomaneae, Euphorbiaceae) / Sarah Maria Athiê de Souza. -- 2011. 152 f.: il. Orientadora: Margareth Ferreira de Sales. Dissertação (Mestrado em Botânica) – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Recife, 2011. Inclui anexo, apêndice e referências. 1. Cladística 2. Morfologia 3. Euphorbioideae 4. Taxonomia I. Sales, Margareth Ferreira de, orientadora II. Título CDD 582 ESTUDOS MORFOLÓGICOS E FILOGENÉTICOS DE Sebastiania Spreng. (HIPPOMANEAE, EUPHORBIACEAE) SARAH MARIA ATHIÊ DE SOUZA ORIENTADORA:_____________________________________________________ Profª Drª Margareth Ferreira de Sales Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco - UFRPE Dissertação defendida e aprovada pela banca examinadora em: ___/___/___ ___________________________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marccus Vinícius da -
Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul Instituto De Biociências Departamento De Genética Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Genética E Biologia Molecular
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE GENÉTICA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM GENÉTICA E BIOLOGIA MOLECULAR História Evolutiva do gênero Calibrachoa La Llave & Lex. (Solanaceae) JÉFERSON NUNES FREGONEZI Tese submetida ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular da UFRGS como requisito parcial para a obtenção do grau de Doutor em Ciências. Orientação: Loreta Brandão de Freitas Porto Alegre, junho de 2009. O presente trabalho foi executado no Laboratório de Evolução Molecular do Departamento de Genética da Universidade Federal no Rio Grande do Sul. As reações de sequenciamento foram realizadas no Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular da Faculdade de Biociências da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul. Fontes Financiadoras: - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES) - Fundação Biodiversitas/Fundo de Parceria para Ecossistemas Críticos (CEPF) - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FAPERGS) - Programa de Apoio a Núcleos de Excelência (PRONEX) - Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (PROPESQ - UFRGS) “Ali, nos mirantes mais altos do Rio Grande do Sul, com as forças milenares da erosão a trabalhar diante dos olhos, com os temerosos abismos dos canhões aos pés, com o pinhal, a mata branca e o campo, tão rio- grandenses, em derredor, com o oceano no horizonte, as gerações do futuro nos hão de agradecer a piedade e reverência com que conservamos as mais grandiosas paisagens da nossa terra.” (Pe. Balduíno Rambo) AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço a todos que contribuíram na elaboração deste trabalho, em especial: À minha orientadora, Loreta Brandão de Freitas, pela grande oportunidade oferecida, por todo apoio e orientação ao longo de todo o trabalho, e principalmente pela paciência nos momentos finais.