Mou toh bo,,d th•t comf"s to C•n•d• from So.•n S'4rU !h l w4y. CORK

1\ rn!croscoo•c view of cork showing its un•que: air~ce:ll structure.

CORK IS LIGHT WEIGHT-MOISTURE RESISTING - FIRE RETARDANT AND ROT PROOF

T HE enormous load the little burro is carrying absorbtion factor in addition to its high is mostly air, and entrapped air is ra ted insu lating value. very highly as an insulation against heat Armstrong's Corkboard roof insulation resists and cold. The microscopic view shows the deterioration and where subjected to moisture structure of cork very clearly and due through damaged roofing will not absorb water to its cellular nature has a very low moisture as fibrous materials are liable to do.

CONDUCTI V IT Y O F A RMSTRO NG'S CORKBOARD - A recent test conducted by A. E. Aleut!, Professor of applied MechaniCS, Un1versity of Toronto, shows the conductivity (K) = 0. 28 b. t.u. per 1 " per ' F per hour at 47" F. mean temperature.

£ng,neertng lnformi!Jtlon gladly wpplied.

ARMSTRONG CORK & INSU LATION CO. LIMITED MONTREAL TORONTO WINNIPEG Armstrong's Cork Products FOR· THE ·AGES

The "step-pyramid", the oldest survivi11g buildiug of stone. Built of limestoue by the Eg,rptio~t Royal Arcllitect, lmhotep, abot

New Customs House, Toronto. Architect: T. W. Fuller. General Contractors: P. Lyall & Sons Con- struction Co. L imited. .__""'.;;..,_""-·'-"-- ~..__ __.,;;.;., ...... ;...... -J,t~...... ,.-.,.,...._,_,...... ,_.;..,..,.,. o&...,: __ ...... :::..;..,_~.. ~ ...... :::.J

It is significant that the earliest stone structure re .. maining was built of limestone, which enabled it to "Build with survive. Nature has endowed Canada, too, with rich Queens ton Limestone'' beds of the finest limestone. For Queenston Limestone is Canadian. Proved by tests the most durable lime.. stone, and impervious to destructive elements, Queen.. ston Limestone endows a building with beauty and stability, unspoiled by time. QUEENSTON QUARRIES ilmited CANADA CRUSHED STONE CORPORATION LIMITED HAMILTON CANADA

Page i Llugu.rl, 1932 MURRAY ROOFS

Throughout the Dominion the finest and most impressive buildings are Murray Roofed. Where Quality is essential and where Proven Perform­ ance dictates the selection Murray Roofing is the logical choice.

Alexander MURRAY & Company •I! ·iI •!{l ,. L1MIT£D (DOMINION TAR & CHEMICAL COMPANY LIMITED) '~~r ~ .. MONTREAL TORONTO HALIFAX SAINT JOHN WINNIPEG VANCOUVER imi' IIJ l lf JI~ t ; I HIl l· Hit: l it ~ I I f I I II ~ l f I I l I I i~tl lt ll , ll{lfll l:•• : l 1JHHl

BONDED ROOFS A surety Bond definitely guarantees trouble-free and expense-free service over o period of 10, 15 or 20 years, according to the s~Xtcifica­ t ions selected. Only auth­ orized roofers are ~Xtrmitted to apply Murray-Made Bonded Roofs, the entire construction being under the direct su~Xtrvlsion of Murray Engineers.

The Journal, Royal /lrcltilecluraL ln.riitute oj Canada Page ii STEEL STAIRS, GRATINGS, GRILLES and RAILINGS - a Specialized Business with McGREGOR-MciNTYRE IRON WORKS LTD.

For years McGregor-Mcintyre Iron Works Ltd., have been a leader in the construction of steel stairs, g ratings, fire escapes, grilles, railings and general iron work for buildings. M . & M. products are to be found throughout Canada in industrial plants and buildings, in mills, schools, hotels, apartment houses and public institutions. PRODUCTS Specialized knowledge, years of experience and Steel Stairs-Fire Escapes- Sidewalk plant facilitie~ make McGregor-Mcintyre Iron Doors -Gratings of All Kinds­ Works Ltd. particularly well equipped to give to Grati ng Steps- Steel Railings-Steel the architect, engineer or builder both engineering Partitions - Sundry Steel Work - assistance and product to meet practically any Bent Plate Work, etc. requirement in this field.

McGREGOR-MciNTYRE IRON WORKS LTD. TORONTO Subsidiary Offices & Plants of DOMINION BRIDGE COMPANY LTD. throughout Canada

Page iii MONEL METAL liberally used in one of Canada's finest Residences

Like a h~eath from the Sooth, this magnificen·t new residence of Mr. J. P. Bickell stretches along the brow of a prominence overlooking the golf course at Port Credit, Ontario. Within, every detail has been planned for convenience and dignified Showing refri.geralor wilich ;., entirely of MoM! Metal. Coveri.ns on lower part of wf.Jl i.s also oj Monel Met(J. charm, and in the kitchens, pantries and re:frigerator rooms it can be plainly seen that cleanliness and labor-saving efficiency have been uppermost in the architect 's mind, for silvery Monel M etal has been liberally used. Here arc sinks and complete refrige~ators of Monel Metal. The walls of the three refrige~a tor rooms are completely lined with :Monel Metal. This same satiny-surfaced metal is used for door facings, shelving and many other services. Monel Metal's glass-smooth, non-porous surface is extremely easy to keep clean. It is rust-proof, and highly resistant ·to the corrosive action of 'fruit juices. It is tough, bard, strong as steel. It is the ideal metal not only for kitchen and pantry bot for scores of uses in all branches of industry.

A rchitect: 'A1 urray Brown (',eneral Conlractors: Thom$On Bros. Ltd. Mollel Metal Contractor: W. E. Dillon Co. Ltd.

View of kitchen showing double compartment Monel is a natural alloy com· the proc;luct of Canadian Monel Metal sink and Jewet Refriger(ltor all made of MoneL Metal. Monel lvleltJl trimming er measure of prosper- on door entrance. Monel copper. S ince it is i l}' £or Canuda. Metal p~h und kick plates. A PRODUCT OF CANADIAN MINES Di,stributors: n. W . Bartram Pecko••er's Limited 277 Duke St., Montt·eal 77 Ftont St. East, Toronto View of interior t>f one u] three 1'e/rigcrator rooms slwwinf{ Wilkinson Co. Limited Monel 1\lletal u;

CANADIAN NICKEL PRODUCTS · LIMITED 25 King Street West, Toronto A Subsidiary of THE INTERNATIONAL NICKEL COl\'lPANY OF CANADA LIMITED

The Journal. Royal .drch.itecturaL ln.rtitute oj Canada Page iv THE JOURNAL ROYAL ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA

Serial No. 84 TORONTO, AUGUST, 1932 Vol. IX, No. 8

CONTENTS

MAIN ENTRANC E, EMMANUEL COLLEGE, VICTORIA UNIVERSITY, TORONTO ...... • ... . FRONTISPIECE

EMMANUEL COLLEGE AN D RESIDENCES, VICTORIA UNIVERSITY, TORONTO, BY C. D. SPROATT. 181

A LAn1AN1 S CRITICISP1 OF AN ARCHITECTURAL EXHlBIT!ON...... 188

AN ARCHITECT'S CONCEPTION OF DESIGN...... 188

ARCHITECTURAL SCULPTURE, BY EMANUEL HAHN, R.C.A., O.S.A...... • ...... • . . . . • . . . . 189

PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE TO BE REGULATED IN NOVA SCOTIA...... 195

ACTIVITIES OF THE INSTITUTE...... • ...... • . . . . • ...... 196

NOTES .... •. ... • .. . .. • ...... , ...... • ...... •....• ...... • .... ,.. .. 198

COMPETITIONS . . . . . • ...... • ...... • . . . . • . . . . • . . . . • ...... • ...... • ...... 198

PUBLISHED EVERY MONTH FOR THE ROYAL ARCHITECTURAL INSTITUTE OF CANADA Editor-1. MARKUS

EDITORIAL BOARD

j. P. HYNES, (F) Chairman W. L. SoMERV IU.E (F) FoRSEY P . PACE )OHN M. LYLE (F) A . S. MATHERS ERNEST CORMIER (F) \V. S . MAXWELL (F) PHILIP j. T URNER (F) E.). GILBERT W. W. ALWARD )OHN Y. McCARTER EDWA"-0 UNDE"-WOOO (F J C. W. U. CHIVERS

PUBLISHERS: ARCHITECTURAL PUBL I CATIONS LIMI T ED Publication, Editorial and Advertising Offices ...... 74 King Street East, Toronto Chicago Representative ...... Macintyre & Simpson, 75 East Wacker Drive, Chicago New York Representative ...... L. Ray Nelson, 250 West 57th Street, New York Representative in Great Britain ...... W. H. Dickie, 126 Castellain Mansions, Maida Vale, London, W9, England.

SUBSCRIPTIONS

Canada and Newfoundland- Three Dollars per year. Great Britain, British Possessions, United Stat es and Mexico-Five Dollars per year. All Other Countries- Six Dollars per year. Sinale Copies-Canada 50 Cents; Other Countries 75 Cents.

Page v Augu.rt, 1932 Living Room in the residence of J. P. Bickell, Esq., Port Credit, Ontario. MARBLEWORK by OAKLEY The fireplaces in both rooms are executed in Breche Numidian Sanguine and the floors are made up as follows: Border-Blue Beige; Band-Breche Numidian Sanguine; field-Breche Montalto Opale, Perle Gris, Sarancolin d 'Ouest and. Marion Gray.

Dining Room in the residence of J. P. Bicke ll, Esq., Port Credit, Ontario. Geo. Oakley & Sons Limited CUT STONE AND MARBLE Office and Plant-355 Logan Ave., Toronto Telephone Gladstone 2464

The Journal, Royal Architectural I n.rlilu.te of Canada Page vi MAI N ENTRANCE, EM MANUEL COLLEGE VICTORIA UNIVERSITY, TORONTO $proal/ & Rolph, fi'F.R.d.I.C., FF.R.I.B.d., drchiteci.r

The Journal, Royal drchiiecclural In.riiiuie of Canada Page 180 du.f}u.rf, 19J2 EMMANUEL COLLEGE AND RESIDENCES VICTORIA UNIVERSITY, TORONTO BY C. B. SPROATT

ONG the new Buildings recently com­ The main entrance is approached from Avenue pleted which f.orm part of the group of R oad: of strong Gothic character, with heavily the University of Toronto, are Emman­ moulded and recessed arch and carved spandrils, uel College and Residences, which repre­ bearing the coats of arms of Victoria and Em­ Asent the T heological division of Victoria University. manuel, it is surmounted by a seven light Tudor Emmanuel College, at the north entrance to and window of unusual design, which in turn is capped overlooking the broad expanse of Queen's Parl<, by a richly carved frieze and traceried embattle­ abutts Victoria College Library on the south. ment. The entrance porch is superimposed on a Built of grey Credit Valley coursed rubble and slender buttressed central bay, which is featured trimmed with cut Indiana Limestone, of modern by a five light window of perpendicular character, Gothic character, it already forms a pleasing group and crowned with crenelated parapet of cut stone­ with the older Victoria buildings. The general work. The whole, forming the central motif and lines are long and low with concealed roofs, and principal feature, is echoed in lesser degree on the the frankness of fenestration on all facades in various facades. relation to interior division, lends a note of interest, The Entrance H all, of generous proportions and especially as a nice sense of balance has been well lighted by an arcaded clerestory window over maintained. the entrance doorway, is lined with coursed Indiana

EMMANUEL RESIDENCES-VICTORIA UNIVERSITY, TORONTO Page 181 Ll.ugu.ri, 1932 VICTOIU'\ · U 'IVER.SITY · TOR001TO tMMANUrL· COlltG t

FIRST · FLOOR · f'LAN .... ,,•,

FIRST FLOOR PLAN OF EMMANUEL COLLEGE-VICTORIA UNIVERSITY, TORONTO

VICTORIA · UNIVERSITY · TORONTO. tMMANUtl · U/IDCNCU . ::,r..o:.,;' J( ~l(,ttt.HI>

FIRST· FLOOR. • PLAN . .. I • ~

FIRST FLOOR PLAN OF EMMANUEL RESIDENCES-VICTORIA UNIVERSITY, TORONTO $proall d Rolph, FF.R.d.l.C., FF.R.I.B.d., drchilecl.r

The Journal, Royal ArchitecturaL ln.rtitute of Canada Page 182 DETAIL OF LIBRARY SHOWING BOOK ALCOVES EMMANUEL COLLEGE, VICTORIA UNIVERSITY, TORONTO $proall d Rolph, l/P.JL1.I.C.. FF.R.I. .B.d. drchitecu

Page 18J .dugu.st, 19J2

stone facing, and the beamed ceiling, of simple perpendicular tracery windows, facing the west, design, is left in the natural cedar, from which are set in walls of coursed Indiana ashlar, with base pendant ornamental wrought iron fixtures are of black and gold marble which borders the fl oor hung. Polished mosaic terrazzo floor is used, with of inlaid travertine terrazzo. The north wall is black marble base against the ashlar wall. Op­ lined with book-cases of Tudor detail in oak, while posite the entrance, and at the intersection of facing them on the south is the fi1·eplace. Like con·id ors and hallway, is a buttressed arcade, with the Common Room, it is of massive proportions groined ceiling springing from carved corbels. A but of more refined detail. The moulded Tudor pierced and finely cut parapet, with a touch of arch is surmounted by a richly carved frieze, bear­ early Norman detail, surmounts the arcade, while ing in the centre the coat of arms of Emm;1 nuel a delicately cusped fringe, immediately above the College, and framed in tracery panels on either side arches, relieves any trace of severity. In general, are carved in relief various emblems of Canada and the richness of materials, quiet detail and im­ the British Empire. A moulded and fluted shelf pressive scale of the Hall convey a feeling of dignity is supported on either side by moulded brackets, and strength. and above, the tapered hood, with ornamental band Wide, arched corridors with stone finished walls of carving, runs to the ceiling. An arcaded treat­ open to the various rooms. The first floor contains ment on the east wall, divided by a mezzanine Principal's room, Administration and Professors' floor, frames eight alcoves which are lined on either rooms, as well as Lecture Hall and Class rooms, side with bookcases and lighted from mullioned which carried up through the mezzanine floor, are windows. Facing the Library, the mezzanine floor exceptionally well lighted from high mullioned is finished with bronze facia and balustrade with tudor windows. Panelling in the Principal's room ebonized railing. The ceiling of the main room is is of interest possibly in the refinement of detail. similar in material and finish to the Council The oak is left in the natural finish, and the fire­ Chamber, the detail being a little more place, of Indiana Limestone, is recessed behind elaborate. the panelling and richly carved. The Emmanuel Residences lie to the southeast The main stai1·case, directly opposite the En­ of the new College and adjoin Victoria Residences hance Hall, and like it, lined with stone ashlar, on the south. Of Tudor design carried out in is finished in Travertine, the balusters being coursed gray Credit Valley rubble with India na polished steel with ebonized handrail. Additional trim, and gabled high pitched roof finished in Professors' rooms are located on the Mezzanine green slate, the building is, as the title implies, floor, also seminar rooms, and a Ladies' sitting room. domestic in character and is modelled on the From an architectural standpoint the most staircase system, after English dormitory buildings interesting rooms are on the second floor. Here, in of that type. addition to classrooms, are the Students' Common The plan is L-shape, principal elevations facing Room, the Council Chamber, and Library. The the west and north, and is divided into five houses, Common Room, facing the staircase and divided each entit·ely separate from the others and com­ from it by an open screen of natural oak, is lined plete in every way. Each house contains a Common with stone finished walls with black marble base, Room with stone fireplace, and studies with ad­ while flooring is of inlaid terrazzo. The room is joining bedrooms. Lavatory accommodation is lighted from the tracery window over the main provided for all fl oors. Service rooms and storage entrance, and wrought iron fixtures are suspended space are located in the basement and a corridor from the vaulted ceiling. The fireplace, of massive running the full length of the building connects proportions, is of cut stone a nd gothic in detail, all houses for convenience of service. The interior carved corbels supporting the lintel with incised is finished with painted cottoned walls and ceil­ .inscription, over which a tapered hood runs to ings, and floors are of "cellized" oak block, with the ceiling with band of raised carving. Opening oak trim throughout. The staircases are of steel, from the corridor at the south is the Council with terrazzo treads, and tenazzo is also used on Chamber, a spacious, dignified room of not too floors of halls and bath1·ooms, the latter walls formal a character. Tracery windows, on either being tiled, while buff tapestry brick is used in side, overlook Queen's Park and Victoria campus, the halls. and walls, panelled up to the springing line of the As well as the separate Common Rooms, a large windows, are of natural British Columbia Cedar. room known as the Theological Common Room, The trussed beam ceiling is of the same material is provided, which is intended for social functions with pendant wrought iron fixtures, and the floor, embracing all students. This room and its adjoin­ of "cellized" oak block diagonally laid, is bordered ing entrance hall are richly panelled in oak, and with walnut. the ceiling of the Common Room is of ornamental At the opposite end of the Hall, and next to the Tudor design in geometric pattern, while fl oors Students' Common Room, is the Library. Here are of random width oak plank. Kitchenette

The Journal, Royal drclzileclural I n.rtituie of Canada Page 186 FIREPLACE IN LIBRARY- EMMANUEL COLLEGE, VICTORIA UNIVERSITY, TORONTO Sproa/1 d Rolph, FF.R.d.I.C., FF.R.I.B./1., drclu'leclr

Page 187 .llugu.rl, 1932 and servery are conveniently placed, and may be made of the fact that the latter building ladies' cloak rooms, etc., are provided in the represents the first trial of the English staircase basement. or unit system in Canada. Structurally, both buildings are fire-resisting to The architects for Emmanuel College and resi­ a high degree, steel joist and pan construction dences were Messrs. Sproatt & Rolph and the being used, with sub-floorings of reinforced con­ general contractors were The Jackson-Lewis Com­ crete, and interior bearing walls of brick. Mention pany of Toronto.

A LAYMAN'S CRITICISM OF AN ARCHITECTURAL EXHIBITION An exhibition of architectural drawings, which of a town, and plan residences that are not merely was held at Hart House several months ago under modified period houses. Why couldn't we have had the auspices of the School of Architecture, Univer­ some of this work instead of the drawings of neat, sity of Toronto, brought forth some rather in­ and sometimes lovely buildings, now on view? teresting comment and criticism from students of "The most interesting pieces of work are R. M. other faculties. The exhibition consisted of work Wilkinson's designs (elevation and ground plan) executed by practising architects and drawings for an archives building. Mr. Wilkinson is a made by students of the School of Architecture. fourth year student in architecture at this univer­ We quote from a letter signed by a student which sity. His designs are carefully and artistically appeared in "Varsity" as it presents a layman's carried out. The building that he has planned is re-action to the exhibition. entirely modern, with large clear wall spaces left "There is nothing very startling in the exhibition free of any detail, it is well balanced and has a of architectural drawings now in Hart House, clean, slender grace. If this can be taken as a good and the show is only mildly interesting. example of his work we do not need to fear for the "It has one great fault: there is nothing experi­ future of Canadian architecture. mental. There are drawings of private residences, "Of the drawings, Mr. John M. Lyle's are by office buildings, etc. Many of these designs have far the most attractive, they have colour, and a already been executed, such as the new Museum, sketchiness which makes them more inspiring than the Queen's Park War Memorial, the Church of the others. Those of Sproatt and Rolph are not Our Lady of Perpetual Help, the new Biological nearly so pleasing, they have none of the studied Building, the R unnymede Public Library, etc. The carelessness of Lyle's work. The drawings of exhibition contains examples of the work of almost Mathers and Haldenby have the same dignity, all of the leading Toronto architects, including and classic grace as the buildings they design. Mathers and Haldenby, Sproa tt a nd Rolph, and "The exhibition lacks originality. This is pro­ John M. Ly le. Also there are some examples of bably not so much the fault of the architects, as it is work done by students of architecture in the the fault of those who assembled the exhibition. University. (This latter is the most interesting There has not been an architectural exhibition in part of the exhibition.) But surely T oronto archi­ Hart H ouse for some years. It is to be hoped that tects sometimes plan buildings that seem almost there will be others, but also that they will contain impossible to build, surely they plan whole sections more experimental, and less conventional work."

AN ARCHITECT'S CONCEPTION OF DESIGN The following rather interesting elucidation of an of the invention of some fancy shape and then in the architect's conception of design was given by Sir ingenious packing within that shape of the various Raymond Unwin, president of the Royal Institute parts to meet the material requirements. The of British Architects, in an address delivered by architect's task in preparing his design is, on the him at the opening of the Allied Societies Con­ contrary, first to study the life for which provision ference at Manchester, England, on June 16th. has to be made, then to find that particular prac­ "The essence of architecture is the faculty of tical solution which satisfies the demands of utility; design or planning. Inadequate use is being made and to do this in a manner so orderly that out of the of that faculty in modern building developments. relations which have a value for utility there might The architect's conception of design is the very be created other relations inspiring pleasure by oppositeoftheonecommonlyheld thatdesignconsists their beauty."

The Journal, RoyaL drchiteclural I n.rtitute of Canada Page 188 MEMORIAL SCREEN IN BANKING ROOM-CANADIAN BANK OF COM1\1ERCE, TORONTO Darling t3 Pcar.tort, Ll rchile.cl.r Emanuel Halrn, R.C.t/.., Sculptor

ARCHITECTURAL SCULPTURE

BY EMANUEL HAHN, R.C.A., O.S.A. PRESIDENT SCULPTORS' SOCl£TY OF CANADA

VEN before he began building houses of The history of mankind and its art is a long the crudest kind, man applied himself to story and throughout its pages there is evidence the embellishment of implements of use, that despite the realism of life, man lives on Eevincing in the eadiest times a certain imagination and fantasy and it is these that prompt aesthetic sense and an imagination that urged him him to express himsetf, be it in poetry, music, or to re-create motifs that appealed to him. the visual arts. If the time comes when over­ Much of his art was purely rhythmic like his sophistication displaces this fantasy there will he primitive music, more or less abstract in its nature, no more need for Art or t he artist as the agency some of it severe stylization of natural forms, but for its creation. While man seems animated by very little purely pictorial. the same human impulses as in the past, his en­ One may be safe in saying that the religious cults vironments, mostly of his own making, have under­ developed, and in their turn became the incentive gone great changes. for the erection of temples and monuments of our The tremendous growth of industrialism and its early historical age. It was in the first full tide of mechanical innovations need hardly be pointed out. religious fervour that architecture and architec­ While we still require and erect buildings of the tural sculpture attained the highest peak. Their type on which architects in the past exercised their greatness lay in their unity and integration, powers, this industrial development demands prompted by an impelling inspiration and wealth structures of a distinctly functional nature. Tt of motifs which their respective religious cults so has gone over the head of the architect and brought bountifully supplied. in the engineer to construct its structural machines,

Page 189 dugu.rt, 1932 THE MAIN ENTRANCE-STATE CAPITOL AT LINCOLN, NEBRASKA Berlram Gro

/In oui.rLClnding example oj e:ollilhoratiot'l. between arc"iJ.ecl and ~cu/plor.

The Journal, Royal Architecturalln.rlilute of Canada Page 190 "NTGHT"- A SCULPTURED GROUP OVER THE ENTRANCE TO THE UNDERGROUND RAlLWAY liEAD OFFICES, LONDON, ENGLAND

Adam..r, Eloldcn d .Pea.r.ron~ Arcltilecl.r Jacob EpJ/ei,, Sculptor

The onl.v./aull w t~lh uNt~qhl" i.r thai it lza.t not pu.l a.ny one to .tleep-.t't.r revilerJ' arejrattlic and keep the country awake with llteir tl.oise-it.r admirer.!' are quiet hut nol a.rieep in 1/teir .,J'iUnl appreciation­ a likely piece /or the t>1

A STUDY FOR APOLLO THE CENTRAL MOTIF OF THE MAIN FACADE OF THE THEATRE DES CHAMPS-ELYSEES, PARIS /1 nloi•te Bourdelle, Sculptor

Bourdelle, a leading figure ;,, Fre,lch o~cu/plure, in all lti.r Wbrk .thow.r a .rtron.q an;hileclural jeeli,,g -an example oj virile com hinalion oj i:la.,.ric m Q/tj.r wt'lh re/re.rh.ing modern handlitlg.

Page 191 dugu.rl, 19J2 in the erection of which no aesthetic qualities are Certainly the architect of today has in the wide considered or expected. Nor will this movement range of his work many opportunities for the dis­ be without effect on the so-called standards of play of his artistic ability and in the carrying out beauty . of these the sculptor may assist in no small degree. To our older standards may be added, but not In this respect some allusions may be made to the competing with it, an acknowledgme~t and per­ lack of sufficient co-operation on the part of the ception of some aesthetic qualities in even the two professions. Fewer sculptors show interest in purely functional designed machine. The architect this phase of their field, on the other hand the is no doubt faced with a problem in the designing architect is often satis6.ed with a stock pattern of a skyscraper. He must in this case, if he accepts from a plaster shop. it as a legitimate architectural structure at all, be The architect is also heard to say that he cannot primarily a builder and within the restriction get the kind of work he requires from the sculptor placed upon it by its engineering problems and a nd the sculptor complains that the architect zoning laws, look to proportions, plastic composi­ never comes to him for it. Aside from some truth tion of masses, and the fine use of materials, to in the statement on both sides, this condition has a impart beauty to it. bearing on the method of training in Art Schools.

COMMERCE IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY ONE OF FOUR RELIEFS FOR THE ENSKILDA BANK, STOCKHOLM, SWEDE:-.! Carl Afiffu. Sculptor Afon,q (i!ilh all tl~e Scandi,ta.vian .rcu.lplor.r, ~Jfille.r dt•rive..r hi.r in.rpt.'raiiqn and moti/.t /rom the northern. Sn-.tJa.r and }oil:.· loriJ. He i.r parlt~cular(v nromine11i in monum.etllal architulurc, jounlaitt.t, etc .. and ojJtr.J an itkal e~-r.ample of J'ponlancou.t expre.r.tion t.'n .rt:ulplu,rc !hal lla.r it.r root in flu: .roil of tlte cou!liry. Stro11g and virile in imaginnfion-hi.r method of .rly/izalion, though ~ouchLd i11 prt'milit~.: li.l.nguaoc, o,J!y J'figldf.v markr tfte df'()IL humour e:J:preJ'J'ed i1l lti'..t figural molij.r.

The JournaL, RoyaL Architectural I n.rtitute of Canada Page 192 A DECORATIVE PANEL IN IRON FOR THE WINDOW OF A CHURCH IN MUNICH, GERMANY Hattl PatJ zer, Sculptor

4 modern e:cam pk. oj hi.rWric moli] and .tlJJle-.admirahle a1 a pitCd oj ltandwrouglti iron.

Page 193 dugu.rl, 1932 The student in sculpture does not get nor does he ground. The re-appearance of mural paintings in seek instruction which will enable him to properly many buildings is an encouraging sign. carry out architectural sculptural problems. As the architect designs a building and strikes On the other hand, there is the modeller who re­ the keynote of its character, the sculpture must ceives his training in a shop, learning the practical necessarily be in tune with it. The sculptor also requirements and getting general all-round knowl­ looks to the architect to devise new applications edge sufficient to satisfy the architect. In des­ for his work. The use of historic styles have pising the advantages of a more academic training, somewhat restricted the necessity for a better class however, he never quite reaches the status of a of architectural sculpture. The location and theme sculptor. This situation applies to Canada more has in most cases been definitely prescribed and it particularly and it should be noticed in the illus­ is only when the architect chooses a freer rendering hations accompanying this article how much of that the sculptor is given an opportunity. The the work of the finest sculptors in Europe is created illustrations show a few examples of very fine work for and placed in architectural settings. The over­ of this class done in Europe. production of purely studio pieces by sculptors in Some attempts have been made in Canada to recent times, without the chastening inAuence of introduce national motifs but a more spontaneous consideration for material and position, has had a acceptance of them, not only by the architect but baneful effect on their work. There is evidence, by the public in general, is still lacking. Nor has however, of a swinging back in the right direction the sculptor himself as yet assimilated possible on the part of the sculptor by working in stone motifs into their proper stylistic form. P erhaps and other materials and thus retaining certain in the not distant future some opportunity will structural qualities which characterize the sculp­ present itself at the psychological moment and ture of the older periods. One might even hazard result in an achievement that will pave the way the opinion that many painters would create for a more distinctive Canadian style in architecture loftier work by keeping their feet firmer on the and its applied sculpture.

GLAZED TERRA-COTTA PANELS OVER ENTRANCE GATES OF APARTMENT HOUSES IN VIENNA, AUSTRIA Siegfrtcd Thei.r.r d Han.r Jak.rclt, /lrct.ilecl.r Ferdinand Opitz. Sculptor

.tlpplied .tculplurc. i.r rued .exletuit.~e/y on variou.,f lype.r of buJ~Ldt.'lliJ.f itt du..rlria. It even ./irtd.r a place on Wbrkmen'.t dwelling./' atJd a.parlnumllwu.rcd"-an i,tdicaiiott that Llrl may be a pari of the life oj the comntotl people.

The Journal, Royal drclzitecturaL ln.rtitu.fe of Canada Page 194 PRACTICE OF ARCHITECTURE TO BE REGULATED IN NOVA SCOTIA

ITH the recent passing of the Nova recognition of the architectural profession in Scotia Architects' Act, the efforts Canada, for it means that the practice of archi ­ of the architects in Nova Scotia to tecture is now regulated by legislation in every obtain legislation for the purpose of province of the Dominion with the exception of Wregulating the practice of architecture in their New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. This province have been crowned with success. The is all very gratifying to the Institute whose ac­ Bill provides for the formation of the Nova Scotia tivities were responsible for the formation of the Association of Architects, with power to administer Maritime Association of Architects in 1927, and the Act which involves the registration of architects, which made it possible for the architects in these the prosecution of those not entitled to practice, provinces to get together for the purpose of dis­ and the penalizing of architects found guilty of cussing their many problems. Congratulations are misconduct. A noteworthy feature of the Act is extended to the architects in Nova Scotia on the that it makes compulsory the employment of an success they have attained in the passing of the architect on all buildings that are erected or altered Bill, also to the members of the Provincial Legis­ where the work involved exceeds in value the sum lature and others responsible for its enactment. It of $25,000. While the amount of this exemption is a decided step forward and will not only bring seems formidable at the present time, the intro­ about an improvement in the architecture of Nova duction of similar legislation in every province Scotia, but it will also result in improving the would have a very beneficial effect on the design standing of the profession in that Province. of many of our buildings. For the information of architects in other parts It can be definitely stated that with the passing of the Dominion, we publish herewith excerpts of of the Architects' Act in Nova Scotia, a distinct the Act mentioning only those sections of most mark of progress has been made towards the proper importance.

THE NOVA SCOTIA ARCHITECTS ACT Pa.J'J'ed the 28th Day oj .dpril, 1932

l. This Act may be cited ru> "The Nova Scotia Architects BY-LAWS Act." 5. T he ru>sociation shall have power to pass by-laws not ARCHITECT inconsistent with the provisions of this Chapter for:- 2. (a) " Architect" means any person registered as. an (a) The direction and management of the Association architect under the provisions of this chapter. and its property and affairs.

PRACTICE OF ARCHIT ECTURE (b) The government, discipline and control of its members. (b) " The practice of architecture" means and includes (c) The examination and admission of candidates to the planning, designing or supervision of erection, construc­ the study and practice of architecture. tion, enlargement or alteration of buildings of any kind or nature for hire, gain or hope of reward; but does not include WHO MAY PRACTICE such work when done by a draughtsman, student, clerk of 8. (a) Only those persons who are members of the associa­ works, superintendent or other employee of a registered tion hereby incorporated and registered as such under the architect nor a superintendent of buHdings paid by the owner provisions of this Chapter o1· who have received a license from thereof and action under the direction and control of a the council of the association as hereinafter provided shall be registered architect, or any of the works or services embraced entitled within the Province of Nova Scotia to take or use in the practice of a professional engineer as defined by Section the title " Architect" or to practice architecture. 2 of the Nova Scotia Engineering Profession Act. (b) All persons residing in the Province of Nova Scotia at the date of the passing of this Chapter who are at that date Tl:IE NOVA SCOTIA ASSOCIATION OF ARCHITECTS and have been for three years previously practising aL·chitec­ . ~ · (a) All persons registered as architects under the pro­ ture as defined in this Chapter, therein, shall be entitled to VISIOns of this Chapter shall be and are hereby constituted be duly registered as members of the Association without The Nova Scotia Association of Architects, and. shall be a examination upon producing within one year from the body corporate and politic with perpetual succession and a passing of this Chapter to the provisional council hereinafter common seal. referred to or to tlie council of the association satisfactory HEAD OFFICE evidence of having so practised. (b) The head office of the association shall be at the city (c) Any person who comes to reside in the Province of of Halifax. Nova Scotia and who at such time is a duly registered mem-

Page 195 .dugu.rt, 1932 ber of an association of architects similarly constituted of any PENALTY FOR WRONGFUL REGISTRATION other Province of Canada or of the United Kingdom of 24. Any person who wilfully procures, or attempts to pro­ Great Britain and North I reland or of any British Dominion cure, registration under this Act by making or producing, or Colony may become a duly registered member of the or causing to be produced or made, any false or fraudulent assoc.iation upon producing to the provisional council or representation or declaration, either verbally or in writing, to the council a certificate of membership in good standing that is entitled to such registration shall, on conviction there­ in such other association and upon payment of the prescribed of, be liable to be imprisoned for any tel·m not exceeding fees, if any. twelve months. (d) Any person not otherwise qualified as hereinbefore mentioned residing in the Province of Nova Scotia and who COUNCIL HAY EXPEL ME~10ERS GUII.,TY OF MTSCONOUCT may desire to become registered as a member of the associa­ 27. (a) The council may, in its discretion, reprimand, tion may make application to the council for that purpose, censure or suspend or expel from the association any member and upon passing such examination, oral or otherwise, as the guilty of unprofessional conduct, negligence, or misconduct council may prescribe, shall be admitted t<> registry as a in the execution of the duties of his office, or convicted of a member.. of the association on payment of the prescribed fees. criminal offence by any court of competent jurisdiction. (e) The restrictions imposed by this Chapter sh all not apply against any person employed in actual service in His ARCHI TECTS' SEAL Majesty's Naval or Military Services, or in the servic"t! of the 32. Every architect registered in accol·dance wi th the Government of Nova Scotia or any board or commission provisions of this Act shall have a seal, the impression of appointed by such Government, when practising in connec­ which must contain the name of the architect, his place of tion with such Service. business and the words" Architect, Nova Scotia" with which he shall stamp all working drawings and specifications issued LICENSE MAY BE GRANTED TO AN ARCHITECT OF OUTSTANDING from his office for use in Nova Scotia. REPUTATION 9. Notwithstanding anything in this Chapter contained, ARCHITECT ~1UST BE EMPLOYED WHERE WORK EXCEEDS $25,000 the Council may grant to any architect of outstanding reputa­ 33. (a) No person shall erect, alter or enlarge a building or tion, wheresoever he may reside, a license to practice archi­ other structure where the work exceeds in value the sum of tecture within the Province of Nova Scotia for such period $25,000 without employing in connection with said work an as the Council may determine. architect registered under the p rovisions of this Act or a person associated with or in partnership with an architect PENALTY FOR MISUSE OF TITLE OR DESCRIPTION so registered, under a penalty of not more than $100.00, and 23. Any person who, not being registered under this Act, not more than $200.00 for any subsequent offence. takes or uses any such name, title or descril?tion shall incur (b) This Section shall not apply to any works of an en­ a penalty not exceeding $100.00 for the first offence and not gineering character coming within subsections (b) and (c) exceeding $500.00 for each subsequent offence. of Section 2 of the Nova Scotia Engineering Profession Act.

ACTIVITIES OF TI-lE INSTITUTE

A meeting of the executive committee of t he council of the Public Relalion.r: Mr. Craig advised the meeting that Royal Architectural Institute of Canada was held at the office the programme of activities of his committee, which was of the Institute, 74 King Street East, Toronto, on Wednesday, submitted a t the last meeting had been revised to conform July 6th, 1932, at 2.00 p.m. to suggestions received from the out-of-town members of the Pruenl: Gordon M. West, president; Alcide Chausse, committee. The revised report was carefully considered by honorary secretary; vV. S. Maxwell, honorary treasurer; the executive committee, and after some further revisions, J. P. H ynes; James H. Craig; W. L. Somerville; B . Evan it was approved and the secretary was instructed to a• ... ange P arry; Herbert E. Moore and I. Markus, secretary. for its publication in the July issue of TH£ JouRNAL. The secretary was authorized to purchase ten dozen copies Reading of minulu: The minutes of the meeting of the of the booklet entitled ·'The Adventure of Building" which executive committee held on May 11th, 1932, were read and was referred to by Mr. Craig in his report, and was also in­ approved. structed to send a copy to the presidents of the component Reportr of Standing Commitleu: societies, the members of the executive committee and the members of the committee o·n public relations. .drchileclural Training: Mr. Maxwell suggested that in t he judging of the R .A.I.C . Competitions to be held during Art, Science and Re.rearch: Mr. Parry suggested that the the latter part of the year, each recognized School of Archi­ Institute might approach the National Research Council with tecture be given an opportunity of nominating a representa­ a view to establishing a bureau for the purpose of carrying tive on the jury. The suggestion was concw-red in by the out l·esearch work in connection with building materials. meeting. This wa& concurred in by the meeting and it was decided that A suggestion was also made by Mr. Maxwell that it would the presiaent should communicate with Dr. T ory recomn1end­ be in the interests of the architectural profession if it were ing that such a bureau be created. possible to have each recognized school of architecture send a Exlu:bilion.t and /lward.r: A Jette•· was read from the secre­ representative to t he next annual meeting of the Institute tary of the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts inviting the for the purpose of having a round table discussion on matters Institute to again hold its exhibition in conjunction with the pertaining to architectural training. fifty-third annual exhibition of the R.C.A. to be held at the

The Journal, Ro.!Jal ArchitecturaL l Mlitute of Canada Page 196 Art Gallery of T oronto during the month of November. The companies retain architects as professional advisers for the committee on exhibitions and awards was authorized to appraisal of buildings on which loans are made. The meeting make the necessary arrangements for the exhibition. The expressed its approval of the action taken by the president meeting was advised that the T oronto Chapter of the Ontario in this connection. Association of Architects had already arranged for an archi­ Employment of Private /lrchileclr on Public Work.r: The tectural exhibition which was to take place at the Art Gallery president suggested that a special committee be appointed to of Toronto during the month of February, 1933. The com­ consider the following matters: mittee was requested to take up the matter with the T oronto Chapter before proceeding with arrangements for the R.A.I.C. I. Employment of private architects on public works. 2. The execution of private work by official architects. exhibition. 3. The status of employed architects. Join/ (;Qmmillee of the R.r1.l.C. and C.C.d.: Mr. Somer­ ville reported that a joint meeting of the R.A.I.C. and C.C.A. This met with the approval of the meeting, and Mr. Parry had been held on June 15th, at which the subjects of" shopping was appointed chairman of the committee with power to of bids," approval of forms of contract by the Canadian make further appointments. It was suggested that this Engineering Standards Association, and the more efficient committee might communicate with the Dominion, Provincial and economical construction of small houses, were discussed. and Municipal Governments in Canada, pointing out the He advised the meeting that the joint committee had decided desirability of employing private architects on public works. to prepare a draft form of tender which they felt would over­ It was also felt that large corporations might also be com­ come some of the practices objected to at the present time in municated with along similar lines. connection with "shopping of bids." He further informed the Standard Filing Syticm .for ilfanujaclurer.r' Calalogue.r: The meeting that the Canadian Construction Association had secretary reported that he had had an interview with Mr. requested the Canadian Engineering Standards Association Marshall of the Canadian Manufacturers Association and that to endorse the standard forms of contract prepared by the he had submitted a draft of a document entitled "Size and R.A.I.C. and C.C.A. Character of Advertising Hatter Intended for Architects" The secretary read certain excerpts from some correspon­ for circulation among members of the C.M.A. He further dence between Mr. W. J. Jeffers of the Financial Post and advised the meeting that some revisions had been made in the Mr. J. Clark Reilly, manager of the Canadian Construction document to meet certain suggestions made by Mr. Marshall Association, with reference to the subject of a more efficient and that the draft in its revised form was now being considered and economical construction of small houses. Following some by a special committee of the Canadian Manufacturers discussion, the matter was referred to the committees on Association. Public Relations, and Art, Science and Research for con­ Dale and Place of Next dnnual illeeling: Consideration was sideration and report. given to the possibility of holding the next annual meeting Fellow<~hip<~: The question of precedence of titles was of the Institute in T oronto in view of an important archi­ discussed and on the basis of information secured by Mr. tectural exhibition being held at the Art Gallery of Toronto Somerville and the secretary, it was decided that in future the during the month of February, and upon motion of Mr. Moore, order of precedence in designating degrees should be as follows: seconded by Mr. Maxwell, it was decided that the twenty­ sixth annual meeting of the Institute be held at Toronto on 1. Titles conferred by the King. Friday and Saturday, February 17th and 18th, 1933. 2. Academic titles. 3. Letters designating Membership or Fellowship in the R.J.B.d. illaltcr.r: A communication was also read by the R.A.I.C. followed by titles conferred by other bodies. president from the secretary of the R.T.B.A. together with a draft of a memorandum prepared by Sir Raymond Unwin Ba.ri.r of Proje.r.rional Chargu: The secretary presented a regarding •·epresentation of the allied societies overseas on the comparative schedule of fees now in force in the various Allied Societies Conference. The president was authorized provinces. He was insb·ucted to send copies to the presidents to advise Si,· Raymond Unwin that ~ur Institute approved of of the component societies with a letter calling attention to the the policy outlined in the memorandum. desirability of some degree of uniformity being established The president advised the meeting that Dr. Raymond throughout the Dominion in the matter of architects' fees. Unwin, president of the R.l.B.A., had recently been honoured Duty on Plan.r: Mr. Somerville reported that he had been with Knighthood by His Majesty The King. l\1r. West was advised of a number of seizures made by the Department of requested to extend the congratulations of the Institute to Customs and Excise through information furnished by the Sir Raymond Unwin. Institute. The secretary advised the meeting that a letter from the The president was asked to communicate with the Depart­ Board of Architectural Education of the R.I.B.A., addressed ment of Customs and Excise at Ottawa requesting that the to the Ontario Association of Architects, enclosing a rather tariff on plans be increased from 22~% of 2% to 22~% of 3% comprehensive list of technical schools in Canada providing of the value of the building. facilities for architectural education, for publication in the R.l.B.A. Kalendar, had been forwarded to the Institute for The Financing of Building<~ by Loa1l (;Qmpanie.r: The presi­ reply. The secretary informed the meeting that he had dent reported that he had attended the annual meeting of the replied to the letter giving the R.T.B.A. the names of the Dominion Mortgage and Loan Association which embraced six Canadian schools providing architectural courses recog­ the majority of the Loan, Trust and Insurance Companies in nized by the R.A.T.C. Canada, representing combined assets of $3,356,312,528. At this meeting, which was held at London, Ontario, on June Congralulalion.r to Dr. John d. Pear.ron: The president was requested to extend to John A. Pearson, D.ARCH., F.R.A.I.C., 20th and 21st, he had discussed certain matters as they applied to buildings financed through members of that F.R.I.O.A.,- A.R.C.A., lhe congratulations of the Institute on association. He also read a draft of a letter which he proposed his having been honoured by the University of Toronto with the degree of Doctor of Architecture. to send to the president of the Dominion Mortgage and Loan Association suggesting, among other things, the appointment Dale and Place of Ne:r:t .t?feeli11g: It was decided to hold the of a committee to coo,tact with a committee of the R.A.J.C. ne:-d meeting of the executive committee in T oronto during for the purpose of giving consideration to the matters dis­ the month of September, the date to be fixed by the president. cussed, including the possibility of having loan and insuo·ance ddjourrtme11l: The meeting adjourned at I 1.00 p.m.

Page 197 .dugu..rt, 19J2 NOTES

Readers of TnE JouRNAL will be interested to learn that Mr. J. Rene Richer (Ill), architect of St. Hyacinthe, copies of that excellent little booklet entitled" The Adventure Quebec, has recently returned fcom an extended trip to of Building" by P. Graham can be obtained from the secre­ Europe. * * * * tary, R.A.I.C., 74 King Street East, Toronto, at a nominal Mr. J. J. Woolnough (ill), of Toronto, has tendered his charge of 25 cents per copy. This booklet gives a layman's resignation as city architect. Mr. K. S. Gillies (.i11), who has point of view as to the advantages of employing an architect, been chief assistant to Mr. Woolnough for a numbe.r of years, and its distribution by architects to prospective clients has been placed in charge of the department. should prove beneficial to the profession. * • * * * * * * The R.I.B.A. London Architecture Medal for 1931 has Messrs. Baldwin and Greene, architects of T oronto, an­ been awarded to Messrs. Richardson and Gill, FF.R.I.!l.A., nounce the removal of their office from 26 Bloor Street \Vest for St. Margaret's House, Wells Street, London. The medal to Room 501, 1221 Bay Street. is awarded annually to the architect who has designed a * * * * building of merit completed during the three preceding years Mr. A. T. Galt Durnford (.ill), architect, has recently within the county of London. returned to Montreal after spending a few weeks in England * * and the Continent. * * Mr. Percy E. Nobbs (F), past-president of the Royal * * * * Architectural Institute of Canada, delivered an address on Mr. Joseph F. Watson (ltl), architect, announces the town-planning under the auspices of the Civic Improvement opening of an office for the practice of architecture at 509 League over radio station CKAC, Montreal, on Wednesday Richards Street, Vancouver, B.C. evening, July 27th. Mr. Nobbs in his address stressed the * * • * importance to the Province of Quebec of an enabling town­ Sir Raymond Unwin, president of the Royal Institute of planning and zoning act, consideration of which had long been British Architects, was recently elected president of the delayed by the provincial government. He also pointed out Comite Pet·manent InternationaJe des Architectes. that Quebec was almost alone among all the provinces and * * * * states in North America to have no town planning legislation. Mr. Kenneth G. Rea (ltl), architect, announces the removal * * of his office from 1111 Beaver Hall Hill to 1429 Chomedy The T oronto Chapter of the Ontario Association of Archi­ Street, Montreal, Quebec. tects has requested the Toronto Board of Control to re­ * * * * organize the City Architect's Department, following the recent Mr. John S. Porter (At), architect of Vancouvet·, was re­ resignation of Mr. J. J. Woolnough as city architect. The elected president of the Vancouver Chapter of the Architec­ recommendations submitted by the chapter include the estab­ tmal Institute of British Columbia at their recent annual lishment of three branches of the department : a plan examin­ meeting. Other officers elected were Mr. Wm. F. Gardiner ing branch, a maintenance branch, and a research branch. (Iff), vice-president, and Joseph F. Watson (.i!i), secretary­ The chapter also urged that private architects be employed to treasurer. design all municipal buildings.

COMPETITIONS

COMPETITION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF of the lower part of the City of Stockholm, which at present THE USE OF ALUMINIUM conforms to the town plan drawn up in the middle of the The International Aluminium Bureau of Paris announce a seventeenth century. competition open to persons of any nationality with the object An international jury has been appointed which includes of encouraging the development of the aluminium industry. Professor Ragnar Ostberg, Stockholm; Professor E . G. Prizes totalling twenty thousand Swiss francs (approximately Asplund, Stockholm; Professor Hermann Jansen, Berlin; $4,000.00) will be awarded to those submitting the best and George L. Pepler, architect of London, England. A sum suggestions dealing with the construction of new apparatus, of 60,000 kronor ($12,000) has been set aside for prizes to be or with improved applications of the metal or its alloys. At distributed as follows: least three prizes will be awarded, no prize being less than two thousand Swiss francs (approximately $400.00). T he closing First Prize- 20,000 kronor ($4,000) . date of the competition will be October 1st, 1932. Entries Second Prize- 15,000 kronor ($3,000). should be submitted in typewritten form and may be in Third Prize- 10,000 kronor ($2,000). English, French or German. Further information regarding the competition may be The balance of the prize money is to be used for the purchase obtained by applying to Aluminium (VI) Limited, Room 2900, of proposed schemes. Bank of Commerce Building, Toronto, Ontario. Drawings must be submitted on or before March 1st, 1933. * * * • Copies of the programme may be obtained free of charge from the Registrar, Town Planning Office, Stadshuset, Stockholm. A COMPETITION FOR A TOWN PLAN FOR Other documents comprising maps, air photographs and a STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN general plan of Stockholm may be obtained from the Registrar This competition is thrown open for the purpose of securing by sending a deposit of 40 kronor ($8.00) which will be re­ preliminary proposals for the solution of a town planning funded after a public exhibition of the various schemes problem which will (ender possible a gradual re-construction submitted.

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{j11W 'lziqh leue!Of EFFICIENT LIGHTING Daylight view showing how the High Level Bridge spans •• .?!aml/Joni lktueM lWdtje a railway bridge which in turn passes directly over the Desjardins Canal. LIGHTING authorities agree that the recently completed High L evel B ridge at Hamilton is, without a doubt, one of the most efficiently lighted bridges in Canada The bridge is the most important unit of an ambitious development for the beautifi­ cation of the North-Western entrance to the city. The 79 standards used on the entrance driveway distribute approximately 770,000 lumens of light, while the bridge itself is The illustration above shows the rotary system of traffic lighted with 118,000 lumens. control as used in Great Britain and U.S.A. where heavily travelled highways intersect . Three Westinghouse flashing Westinghouse is proud to be associated Red Head Beacons give ample warning. with this great development in planning the lighting arrangements. Westinghouse CANADIAN WESTINGHOUSE COMPANY, LIMITED engineers will gladly consult with you on HAMILTON ONTARIO your lighting problems whether they be Branch Offices and Service Shops in All Principal Cities large or small. 8087 Westinghouse

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