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Summary Justice: the Price of Treason for Eight World War Ii German Prisoners of War
SUMMARY JUSTICE: THE PRICE OF TREASON FOR EIGHT WORLD WAR II GERMAN PRISONERS OF WAR A Thesis by Mark P. Schock Bachelor of Arts, Kansas Newman College, 1978 Submitted to the Department of History and the faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University in partial fulfillment of Master of Arts May 2011 © Copyright 2011 by Mark P. Schock All Rights Reserved SUMMARY JUSTICE: THE PRICE OF TREASON FOR EIGHT WORLD WAR II GERMAN PRISONERS OF WAR The following faculty members have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content, and recommended that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts with a major in History. ___________________________________ Robert Owens, Committee Chair ___________________________________ Robin Henry, Committee Member ___________________________________ William Woods, Committee Member iii DEDICATION To the memory of my father, Richard Schock, and my uncle Pat Bessette, both of whom encouraged in me a deep love of history and country iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to thank my adviser, Dr. Robert Owens, for his incredible patience with an old dog who had such trouble with new tricks. Special thanks go to Dr. Anthony and Dana Gythiel whose generous grant allowed me to travel to the National Archives and thus gain access to many of the original documents pertinent to this story. I’d also like to thank Colonel Jack Bender, U.S.A.F (ret.), for his insight into the workings of military justice. Special thanks are likewise due to Lowell May, author of two books about German POWs incarcerated in Kansas during World War II. -
Chapman Law Review
Chapman Law Review Volume 21 Board of Editors 2017–2018 Executive Board Editor-in-Chief LAUREN K. FITZPATRICK Managing Editor RYAN W. COOPER Senior Articles Editors Production Editor SUNEETA H. ISRANI MARISSA N. HAMILTON TAYLOR A. KENDZIERSKI CLARE M. WERNET Senior Notes & Comments Editor TAYLOR B. BROWN Senior Symposium Editor CINDY PARK Senior Submissions & Online Editor ALBERTO WILCHES –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Articles Editors ASHLEY C. ANDERSON KRISTEN N. KOVACICH ARLENE GALARZA STEVEN L. RIMMER NATALIE M. GAONA AMANDA M. SHAUGHNESSY-FORD ANAM A. JAVED DAMION M. YOUNG __________________________________________________________________ Staff Editors RAYMOND AUBELE AMY N. HUDACK JAMIE L. RICE CARLOS BACIO MEGAN A. LEE JAMIE L. TRAXLER HOPE C. BLAIN DANTE P. LOGIE BRANDON R. SALVATIERRA GEORGE E. BRIETIGAM DRAKE A. MIRSCH HANNAH B. STETSON KATHERINE A. BURGESS MARLENA MLYNARSKA SYDNEY L. WEST KYLEY S. CHELWICK NICHOLE N. MOVASSAGHI Faculty Advisor CELESTINE MCCONVILLE, Professor of Law CHAPMAN UNIVERSITY HAZEM H. CHEHABI ADMINISTRATION JEROME W. CWIERTNIA DALE E. FOWLER ’58 DANIELE C. STRUPPA BARRY GOLDFARB President STAN HARRELSON GAVIN S. HERBERT,JR. GLENN M. PFEIFFER WILLIAM K. HOOD Provost and Executive Vice ANDY HOROWITZ President for Academic Affairs MARK CHAPIN JOHNSON ’05 JENNIFER L. KELLER HAROLD W. HEWITT,JR. THOMAS E. MALLOY Executive Vice President and Chief SEBASTIAN PAUL MUSCO Operating Officer RICHARD MUTH (MBA ’05) JAMES J. PETERSON SHERYL A. BOURGEOIS HARRY S. RINKER Executive Vice President for JAMES B. ROSZAK University Advancement THE HONORABLE LORETTA SANCHEZ ’82 HELEN NORRIS MOHINDAR S. SANDHU Vice President and Chief RONALD M. SIMON Information Officer RONALD E. SODERLING KAREN R. WILKINSON ’69 THOMAS C. PIECHOTA DAVID W. -
America's Undeclared Naval War
America's Undeclared Naval War Between September 1939 and December 1941, the United States moved from neutral to active belligerent in an undeclared naval war against Nazi Germany. During those early years the British could well have lost the Battle of the Atlantic. The undeclared war was the difference that kept Britain in the war and gave the United States time to prepare for total war. With America’s isolationism, disillusionment from its World War I experience, pacifism, and tradition of avoiding European problems, President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved cautiously to aid Britain. Historian C.L. Sulzberger wrote that the undeclared war “came about in degrees.” For Roosevelt, it was more than a policy. It was a conviction to halt an evil and a threat to civilization. As commander in chief of the U.S. armed forces, Roosevelt ordered the U.S. Navy from neutrality to undeclared war. It was a slow process as Roosevelt walked a tightrope between public opinion, the Constitution, and a declaration of war. By the fall of 1941, the U.S. Navy and the British Royal Navy were operating together as wartime naval partners. So close were their operations that as early as autumn 1939, the British 1 | P a g e Ambassador to the United States, Lord Lothian, termed it a “present unwritten and unnamed naval alliance.” The United States Navy called it an “informal arrangement.” Regardless of what America’s actions were called, the fact is the power of the United States influenced the course of the Atlantic war in 1941. The undeclared war was most intense between September and December 1941, but its origins reached back more than two years and sprang from the mind of one man and one man only—Franklin Roosevelt. -
4 Convoy Presentation Final V1.1
ALLIED CONVOY OPERATIONS IN THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC 1939-43 INTRODUCTION • History of Allied convoy operations IS the history of the Battle of the Atlantic • Scope of this effort: convoy operations along major transatlantic convoy routes • Detailed overview • Focus on role of Allied intelligence in the Battle of the Atlantic OUTLINE • Convoy Operations in the First Battle of the Atlantic, 1914-18 • Anglo-Canadian Convoy Operations, September 1939 – September 1941 • Enter The Americans: Allied Convoy Operations, September 1941 – Fall 1942 • The Allied Convoy System Fully Realized: Allied Convoy Operations, Fall 1942 – Summer 1943 THE FIRST BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC, 1914-18 • 1914-17: No convoy operations § All vessels sailed independently • Kaiserliche Marine use of U-boats primarily focused on starving Britain into submission § Prize rules • February 1915: “Unrestricted submarine warfare” § May 7, 1915 – RMS Lusitania u U-20 u 1,198 dead – 128 Americans • February 1917: unrestricted submarine warfare resumed § Directly led to US entry into WWI THE FIRST BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC, 1914-18 • Unrestricted submarine warfare initially very effective § 25% of all shipping bound for Britain in March 1917 lost to U-boat attack • Transatlantic convoys instituted in May 1917 § Dramatically cut Allied losses • Post-war, Dönitz conceptualizes Rudeltaktik as countermeasure to convoys ANGLO-CANADIAN CONVOY OPERATIONS, SEPTEMBER 1939 – SEPTEMBER 1941 GERMAN U-BOAT FORCE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE WAR • On the outbreak of WWII, Hitler directed U-boat force -
Fireside Chats”
Becoming “The Great Arsenal of Democracy”: A Rhetorical Analysis of Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Pre-War “Fireside Chats” A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Allison M. Prasch IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS Under the direction of Dr. Karlyn Kohrs Campbell December 2011 © Allison M. Prasch 2011 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are like dwarfs standing upon the shoulders of giants, and so able to see more and see further . - Bernard of Chartres My parents, Ben and Rochelle Platter, encouraged a love of learning and intellectual curiosity from an early age. They enthusiastically supported my goals and dreams, whether that meant driving to Hillsdale, Michigan, in the dead of winter or moving me to Washington, D.C., during my junior year of college. They have continued to show this same encouragement and support during graduate school, and I am blessed to be their daughter. My in-laws, Greg and Sue Prasch, have welcomed me into their family as their own daughter. I am grateful to call them friends. During my undergraduate education, Dr. Brad Birzer was a terrific advisor, mentor, and friend. Dr. Kirstin Kiledal challenged me to pursue my interest in rhetoric and cheered me on through the graduate school application process. Without their example and encouragement, this project would not exist. The University of Minnesota Department of Communication Studies and the Council of Graduate Students provided generous funding for a summer research trip to the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library in Hyde Park, New York. -
NSA Newsletter
DOCID: • CAPTAIN LAURENCE H. FROST . • • . • • . • • • • 3 • SECURITY lISE . • . • . • • . • • • • • • • • • . • 9 ~ NSA JOINS NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATION • • • • 8 ~ CO-OP HOUSING DEVELOPMENT • • • • 7 • AHS OFFICERS'S CLUB ACTIVITIES. • • . • • • • • • • • . 4 ~ AIR RESERVE CENTER ESTABLISHED • . • • • • . • . • 8 .pproved for ReleasE' bV t\]SA 0 7-22-2008 FOIA Case # 58'14 May 1834 .-----.--..- ~-- ... DOCID: 3587777 FOUND: Parker 51 fountain pen round by LETTER TO nIE EDlTOft Mrs; Jean Loyd, Bldg. 19, 11m. 416, Ext. 60513. 26 Apri 1 1954 TO THE EDITOR: PERS "SPOTLIGHTS" Just a word of congratulations on CIVILIAN PERSONNEL NANOAL. If you the fine job yo~ and the .toff are want to check your copy of the NSA doing on the New.letter. Of all the Civilian Personnel Manual to be sure it publications received in Mi~Per., r is current, or if you want to compile a can Bay .incerely that your New.letter new Manual, consult CPM Transmittal is the ao.t ~ide~y read. In addition Letter No. 80 published 15 April 1954- to the enjoyaeni", ·and"interelt ftle all the information you need is there. receive fro .. the" Ne~l~etter", ~he Copies of the Transmittal Letters may opportunity it provides jar Mi.Zf.er~ t~ be obtained by calling AG Publications, dille.inate itea. of in~e~~~t t~ extension 00 219, at lfavSecSta. .tlitary personnel and their .upervisors Any questions regarding interPretation is greatly appreciated. Looking for~~r~' of policies and procedures should be to future edit~ons. referred to Regulations Section, PERS, Sincerely, extension 00697, at NavSecSta. Bettie J. Morden Any questions on the application of 1.t Lt. -
J. Edgar Hoover and the Anti-Interventionists
J. Edgar Hoover and the Anti-interventionists J. Edgar Hoover and the Anti-interventionists FBI Political Surveillance and the Rise of the Domestic Security State, 1939–1945 Douglas M. Charles THE OHIo STATE UNIVERSITY PREss • COLUMBUS Copyrght © 2007 by The Oho State Unversty. All rghts reserved. Library of Congress Catalogng-n-Publcaton Data Charles, Douglas M. J. Edgar Hoover and the ant-nterventonsts : FBI poltcal survellance and the rse of the domestc securty state, 1939–1945 / Douglas M. Charles. p. cm. Includes bblographcal references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8142-1061-1 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 0-8142-1061-9 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-0-8142-9140-5 (cd-rom) ISBN-10: 0-8142-9140-6 (cd-rom) 1. Hoover, J. Edgar (John Edgar), 1895–1972. 2. Roosevelt, Frankln D. (Frankln Delano), 1882–1945. 3. Unted States. Federal Bureau of Investgaton—History. 4. World War, 1939–1945—Unted States. 5. Intellgence servce—Unted States— History—20th century. 6. Internal securty—Unted States—History—20th cen- tury. 7. Dssenters—Government polcy—Unted States—History—20th century. 8. Neutralty—Unted States—History—20th century. 9. Unted States—History—1933– 1945. 10. Unted States—Foregn relatons—1933–1945—Publc opnon. I. Ttle. HV8144.F43C43 2007 940.53'160973—dc22 2006102680 Cover desgn by Janna Thompson-Chordas Typeset in Adobe Minon Pro Typesettng by Julet Wllams Prnted by Thomson-Shore The paper used in ths publcaton meets the mnmum requrements of the Amercan Natonal Standard for Informaton Scences—Permanence of Paper for Prnted Library -
The Propagandistic Rhetoric of Presidential Petitions for War
A CALL TO ARMS: THE PROPAGANDISTIC RHETORIC OF PRESIDENTIAL PETITIONS FOR WAR by Howard R. Reese Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the English Program YOUNGSTOWN STATE UNIVERSITY August, 2009 A Call To Arms: The Propagandistic Rhetoric of Presidential Petitions for War Howard R. Reese I hereby release this thesis to the public. I understand that this thesis will be made available from the OhioLINK ETD Center and the Maag Library Circulation Desk for public access. I also authorize the University or other individuals to make copies of this thesis as needed for scholarly research. Signature: ______________________________________________________________ Howard R. Reese, Student Date Approvals: ______________________________________________________________ Dr. Jay L. Gordon, Thesis Advisor Date ______________________________________________________________ Dr. Jeffrey M. Buchanan, Committee Member Date ______________________________________________________________ Dr. Steven R. Brown, Committee Member Date ______________________________________________________________ Peter J. Kasvinsky, Dean of School of Graduate Studies & Research Date iii ABSTRACT Eleven times in the history of the United States has a President gone before Congress, asked for a declaration of war against a sovereign foreign state, and received it. This thesis contends that although there may be valid reasons to justify a petition for war, those reasons, if they exist, are secondary to propaganda that appeals to a public’s fears, weaknesses, collective history, and desire for authoritative leadership. Chapter I of this study is an overview of propaganda—its origin as a device of the Roman Catholic Church for propagating the gospel of Christ throughout Europe and the Americas, its evolution into a device for promoting war, and its acquisition of sinister connotations in the 20th century. -
Franklin Roosevelt and Presidential Power
Franklin Roosevelt and Presidential Power John Yoo* Along with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, Franklin D. Roosevelt is considered by most scholars to be one of our nation's greatest presidents. FDR confronted challenges simultaneously that his predecessors had faced individually. Washington guided the nation's founding when doubts arose as to whether Americans could establish an effective government. FDR radically re-engineered the government into the modern administrative state when Americans doubted whether their government could provide them with economic security. Lincoln saved the country from the greatest threat to its national security, leading it through a war that cost more American lives than any other. FDR led a reluctant nation against perhaps its most dangerous foreign foe-an alliance of fascist powers that threatened to place Europe and Asia under totalitarian dictatorships. To bring the nation through both crises, FDR drew deeply upon the reservoir of executive power unlike any president before or since-reflected in his unique status as the only chief executive to break the two-term tradition. 1 * Emanuel S. Heller Professor of Law; Visiting Scholar, American Enterprise Institute. Thanks to Jeffrey Senning for outstanding research assistance. 1 There are a great number of works on Roosevelt, with more appearing all the time. I have relied on general works for the background to this chapter. See generally JOHN Yoo & JULIAN Ku, TAMING GLOBALIZATION: INTERNATIONAL LAW, THE U.S. CONSTITUTION, AND THE NEW WORLD ORDER (2012); CONRAD BACK, FRANKLIN DELANO ROOSEVELT: CHAMPION OF FREEDOM (2003); 1 JAMES MACGREGOR BURNS, ROOSEVELT: THE LION AND THE Fox 1882-1940 (1956); JAMES MACGREGOR BURNS, ROOSEVELT: SOLDIER OF FREEDOM (1970); KENNETH S. -
1. the Battle of the Atlantic: Peril on the Seas Fdr4freedoms 2
fdr4freedoms 1 The Battle of the Atlantic is perhaps the most underappreciated 1. The Battle theater of World War II. This six-year struggle to keep critical supply routes in the Atlantic safe for Allied shipping was the war’s longest campaign. It was also among its most brutal, with the of the Atlantic: merchant seamen responsible for transporting goods suffering a higher casualty rate than any branch of the armed services. To Allied sailors, military and civilian alike, that silent, invisible, Peril on the Seas underwater predator known as the U-boat (a German submarine) became one of the most potent symbols of Nazi terror. The fight for supremacy on the Atlantic began within hours of the start of the war, when German U-boats and surface raiders began roaming the waters of this vast area in search of the merchant ships that supplied the British Isles with the millions of tons of imported material they needed to survive. In this initial phase of the battle, U-boat numbers were small. Much of the A scout plane from the aircraft carrier USS Ranger damage inflicted on Allied merchant shipping—which was most returns from flying over a large area of sea in front of an often grouped together for safety in escorted convoys—was Allied convoy. These scout planes searching the seas for enemy submarines were among the merchant convoys’ carried out by small armored ships and other vessels, as well as best defenses against the German “wolf packs.” LOC by mines planted in the approaches to British harbors. -
Uss Gearing Dd - 710
USS GEARING DD - 710 COMMANDING OFFICERS THOMAS HENRY COPEMAN USS GEARING COMMANDER MAY 3, 1945 TO NOVEMBER 16, 1945 COMMANDER THOMAS HENRY COPEMAN, USN: Was born May 2, 1907 in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy with the class of 1931. He served on various ships of the U.S. Navy, and was executive officer of the U.S.S. Greer in 1940, when she became the first U.S. Navy ship to be attacked by German U-Boats. She evaded two torpedoes and then counter attacked, dropping 19 depth charges. This incident, in September 1941, promoted president Roosevelt to issue his order to “fire on sight” In 1942, LCDR Copeman took command of the U.S.S Greer. In 1943 he commissioned and commanded the new Destroyer U.S.S. Brown, and on M ay 3, 1945 he commissioned and commanded the first of a new class of long hull Destroyer, the U.S.S. Gearing DD-710. Commander Copeman commanded the attack cargo ship U.S.S. Ogelethorpe in the Korean Theater of operations. From 1955 to 1956 he was chief staff officer, service force, sixth fleet, his final active duty was that of deputy t chief of staff of the 11 Naval district, He retired in July 1960 as Captain and made his home in Del Mar, California. His decorations included the Silver Star with combat V and the commendation medal with V and Star. Captain Copeman died on December 21, 1982 while hospitalized in San Diego, California. OBITUARY: The San Diego Union Tribune, Sunday 23, 1982 - Capt. -
Uss Gearing Dd - 710 Commanding Officers
USS GEARING DD - 710 COMMANDING OFFICERS THOMAS HENRY COPEMAN USS GEARING COMMANDER MAY 3, 1945 TO NOVEMBER 16, 1945 COMMANDER THOMAS HENRY COPEMAN, USN: Was born May 2, 1907 in Pittsburgh Pennsylvania. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy with the class of 1931. He served on various ships of the U.S. Navy, and was executive officer of the U.S.S. Greer in 1940, when she became the first U.S. Navy ship to be attacked by German U-Boats. She evaded two torpedoes and then counter attacked, dropping 19 depth charges. This incident, in September 1941, promoted president Roosevelt to issue his order to “fire on sight” In 1942, LCDR Copeman took command of the U.S.S Greer. In 1943 he commissioned and commanded the new Destroyer U.S.S. Brown, and on May 3, 1945 he commissioned and commanded the first of a new class of long hull Destroyer, the U.S.S. Gearing DD-710. Commander Copeman commanded the attack cargo ship U.S.S. Ogelethorpe in the Korean Theater of operations. From 1955 to 1956 he was chief staff officer, service force, sixth fleet, his final active duty was that of deputy chief of staff of the 11th Naval district, He retired in July 1960 as Captain and made his home in Del Mar, California. His decorations included the Silver Star with combat V and the commendation medal with V and Star. Captain Copeman died on December 21, 1982 while hospitalized in San Diego, California. OBITUARY: TheSanDiegoUnionTribune, Sunday 23, 1982 - Capt. T.