October 17, 2017

Since its inception, Sidewalk Labs has been conducting a thought experiment with leading urbanists and technologists about what the city of the future might look like— and scouring the globe for a place to bring it to life.

In March 2017, Waterfront Toronto issued Request for Proposals No. 2017-13, a call for an innovation and funding partner for Toronto’s Eastern Waterfront. After all of our searching, we knew this was the perfect place, and the perfect partner.

Our response to Waterfront Toronto’s RFP represented a snapshot in time of our ideas about how to create a place that deployed emerging technology and people-first design innovations to address the challenges that face growing cities—and how we might realize this vision on Toronto’s Eastern Waterfront.

We’ve decided to release the vision we laid out in our response, both in the interest of transparency and to start what promises to be a history-making public conversation. We hope all Torontonians—and city-lovers far and wide—will join in. Which urban challenges are most urgent? Where can technology prove useful in finding solutions, and where is it not the right tool? Which of our ideas are great, which are crazy, and what did we miss?

We need your ideas, your aspirations, your critiques, your concerns. We hope you’ll email us, call us, tweet at us, and, if possible, join us in person at a series of public conversations, beginning with a Community Town Hall in early November.

We couldn’t be more honored to have been selected by Waterfront Toronto to do something historic on the shore of Lake Ontario. And we couldn’t be more excited than to do it together in partnership with you.

— aniel L. octoroff CEO, Sidewalk Labs Project Vision A1 Quayside’s public realm will centre on above, below, and around the Gardiner nowhere else in the world. Just as bike paths and pedestrian laneways. Expressway to improve access to Silicon Valley is the centre for digital The neighbourhood will prioritize Toronto’s waterfront. And it will reflect technology and New York is the centre Vision placemaking, with an adaptable mix of the city’s exceptional diversity. for finance, the Eastern Waterfront can A1-a building uses and amenities that stay help make Toronto the global hub for VISION active at all hours of every day. But what happens in Quayside will urban innovation. This ecosystem will not stay in Quayside. The ideas first build off Toronto’s natural strengths: its i. A new type of place. Toronto is Quayside will feel like no other tested there will take on new life when diversity, strong public institutions and a city of neighbourhoods at heart, neighbourhood in Toronto—or, indeed, deployed at scale across the Eastern universities, and rising tech presence, and the Eastern Waterfront is its the world. The neigKbourhood will be Waterfront district. Modular housing bolstered by recent investments in next frontier—a great undeveloped a bustling digital and civic workshop piloted in Quayside can produce artificial intelligence. outlet that can set a new standard open to all, and its streets will be filled whole neighbourhoods of lower-cost, for downtown communities and help with exploration. When people look quicker-to-build housing, enabling the The moment is right for a vision of relieve the pressures of the city’s around Quayside, they might see a market to meet burgeoning demand. historic sweep. The world sits on remarkable growth. In Quayside, retail shop turning into artist housing A self-driving shuttle can bloom into the cusp of a revolution in urban Waterfront Toronto has the as part of a flexible building pilot. a next-generation transit system that life every bit as transformative as opportunity to create a neighbourhood Or a self-driving shuttle dropping provides point-to-point convenience the arrival of the steam engine or that lives up to the city’s planning off passengers during a test ride. Or without the safety risks and high costs electricity, powered by a new set of principles of livability, connectivity, a community group using a digital of private cars. A thermal grid pilot can digital and design breakthroughs. prosperity, and resilience. As the kiosk to provide feedback on a local become the foundation of a district- With Quayside as its launchpad, the innovation and funding partner for planning discussion. Or a new urban wide energy system that sets a global Eastern Waterfront will be a place Quayside, Sidewalk Labs, an Alphabet innovation institute, home to a campus example for climate-positive living. where people and companies come subsidiary and sibling company to of entrepreneurs itching to solve the to engineer solutions to tough urban Google, will accelerate these plans toughest problems facing cities. Integrating new technology into growth challenges, and to export the for inclusive growth by merging the the urban environment is hard. The ideas sparked in Toronto far beyond the physical and digital realms, creating Welcome to Quayside, the world’s technologists who produce ambitious mouth of the Don River. a blueprint for the 21st-century urban first neighbourhood built from the solutions do not speak the same neighbourhood. internet up. language as the urbanists who must ii-iii. Partnering to achieve it. find ways to implement them. Today Sidewalk was formed to lead an Quayside will celebrate the Quayside will be a new type of place, no single city stands as a model for a urban innovation project of great waterfront’s shipping heritage, its with connectivity designed into its brighter urban future. consequence. Alphabet (then remaining industrial icons, and its very foundation. It will blend human- Google) launched Sidewalk with the origins as a public promenade. It centred urban design with cutting- In Quayside, the physical and the belief that emerging technology—if will be a truly complete community, edge digital technology, cleantech, and digital will converge into a platform for truly integrated into the physical blending work, home, and play advanced building materials. It will be urban innovation, accelerating the pace environment—can help cities address throughout the neighbourhood, a global testbed where people can use of solutions. As this platform scales seemingly intractable challenges. within every building, and even on the data about how the neighbourhood across the Eastern Waterfront, it will Sidewalk has spent the past two years water. Instead of orienting the built works to make it work better. It will catalyze an industry at the intersection studying more than 100 efforts to environment around cars and condos, serve as connective tissue—going of cities and technology that exists create urban innovation districts and

A. PROJECT VISION 15 A1 Quayside’s public realm will centre on above, below, and around the Gardiner nowhere else in the world. Just as bike paths and pedestrian laneways. Expressway to improve access to Silicon Valley is the centre for digital The neighbourhood will prioritize Toronto’s waterfront. And it will reflect technology and New York is the centre Vision placemaking, with an adaptable mix of the city’s exceptional diversity. for finance, the Eastern Waterfront can A1-a building uses and amenities that stay help make Toronto the global hub for VISION active at all hours of every day. But what happens in Quayside will urban innovation. This ecosystem will not stay in Quayside. The ideas first build off Toronto’s natural strengths: its i. A new type of place. Toronto is Quayside will feel like no other tested there will take on new life when diversity, strong public institutions and a city of neighbourhoods at heart, neighbourhood in Toronto—or, indeed, deployed at scale across the Eastern universities, and rising tech presence, and the Eastern Waterfront is its the world. The neigKbourhood will be Waterfront district. Modular housing bolstered by recent investments in next frontier—a great undeveloped a bustling digital and civic workshop piloted in Quayside can produce artificial intelligence. outlet that can set a new standard open to all, and its streets will be filled whole neighbourhoods of lower-cost, for downtown communities and help with exploration. When people look quicker-to-build housing, enabling the The moment is right for a vision of relieve the pressures of the city’s around Quayside, they might see a market to meet burgeoning demand. historic sweep. The world sits on remarkable growth. In Quayside, retail shop turning into artist housing A self-driving shuttle can bloom into the cusp of a revolution in urban Waterfront Toronto has the as part of a flexible building pilot. a next-generation transit system that life every bit as transformative as opportunity to create a neighbourhood Or a self-driving shuttle dropping provides point-to-point convenience the arrival of the steam engine or that lives up to the city’s planning off passengers during a test ride. Or without the safety risks and high costs electricity, powered by a new set of principles of livability, connectivity, a community group using a digital of private cars. A thermal grid pilot can digital and design breakthroughs. prosperity, and resilience. As the kiosk to provide feedback on a local become the foundation of a district- With Quayside as its launchpad, the innovation and funding partner for planning discussion. Or a new urban wide energy system that sets a global Eastern Waterfront will be a place Quayside, Sidewalk Labs, an Alphabet innovation institute, home to a campus example for climate-positive living. where people and companies come subsidiary and sibling company to of entrepreneurs itching to solve the to engineer solutions to tough urban Google, will accelerate these plans toughest problems facing cities. Integrating new technology into growth challenges, and to export the for inclusive growth by merging the the urban environment is hard. The ideas sparked in Toronto far beyond the physical and digital realms, creating Welcome to Quayside, the world’s technologists who produce ambitious mouth of the Don River. a blueprint for the 21st-century urban first neighbourhood built from the solutions do not speak the same neighbourhood. internet up. language as the urbanists who must ii-iii. Partnering to achieve it. find ways to implement them. Today Sidewalk was formed to lead an Quayside will celebrate the Quayside will be a new type of place, no single city stands as a model for a urban innovation project of great waterfront’s shipping heritage, its with connectivity designed into its brighter urban future. consequence. Alphabet (then remaining industrial icons, and its very foundation. It will blend human- Google) launched Sidewalk with the origins as a public promenade. It centred urban design with cutting- In Quayside, the physical and the belief that emerging technology—if will be a truly complete community, edge digital technology, cleantech, and digital will converge into a platform for truly integrated into the physical blending work, home, and play advanced building materials. It will be urban innovation, accelerating the pace environment—can help cities address throughout the neighbourhood, a global testbed where people can use of solutions. As this platform scales seemingly intractable challenges. within every building, and even on the data about how the neighbourhood across the Eastern Waterfront, it will Sidewalk has spent the past two years water. Instead of orienting the built works to make it work better. It will catalyze an industry at the intersection studying more than 100 efforts to environment around cars and condos, serve as connective tissue—going of cities and technology that exists create urban innovation districts and

A. PROJECT VISION 15 producing a comprehensive vision on working group to make key decisions, rather a tool that empowers people to respected leader in this urgent pursuit. comfortably downtown. To live up the project expands to district scale demands it. What Sidewalk envisions in the world. (These feasibility studies, building a city in the internet era. consulting with local stakeholders improve quality of life. The world does to its billing as “the city that works,” in the Eastern Waterfront that new today for Quayside and the Eastern and their findings, are described in and an advisory board to be highly not need another plan that falls into the The cities that emerge stronger from Toronto must work for everyone. capabilities and applications can reach Waterfront is just the first chapter; it is further detail in A4-b.) As an innovation partner to Waterfront responsive to the community. trap of treating the city as a high-tech these challenges will be those that escape velocity and help Toronto— what cannot yet be imagined that will Toronto, Sidewalk will contribute a island. A new neighbourhood or district manage growth equitably, affordably, ii. Overcoming challenges. It would along with other high-demand cities— change the world. unique combination of technology, iv. Why Sidewalk is unique. As the must be cheaper to live in, cleaner to and sustainably. Toronto is on the right be unrealistic to propose solving all achieve inclusive growth. A1-c PURPOSEFUL urban development expertise, and marriage of Google engineers and breathe in, safer to travel in, easier to track with its plan for the city centre the challenges facing Toronto, let iv. Success metrics. The most SOLUTIONS flexible funding approaches. Sidewalk government leaders who changed find work in. Otherwise, why build it? that prioritizes dense, mixed-use alone its peer cities around the world, imaginative urban innovation only will seek from Waterfront Toronto and the face of New York City, Sidewalk building, investment in transportation in Quayside. But the opportunity succeeds when it improves people’s You can never truly plan a its team the expertise gained from is the only urban innovation company Waterfront Toronto and Sidewalk and infrastructure, and climate- presented by Waterfront Toronto lives. To assess success in Quayside neighbourhood with every solution years of successful waterfront planning built expressly to bridge the divide share the goal of turning the sensitive development. But it has provides the chance to demonstrate and the Eastern Waterfront, Sidewalk laid out from the start. Instead, you and development; coordination of city, that exists between urbanists and Eastern Waterfront into the most to move faster to achieve inclusive how emerging technologies can make has identified 25 metrics that cut can give people the tools to create and province, and federal support; sourcing technologists. Sidewalk merges the innovative urban district in the world. growth. Chief Planner Jennifer cities more affordable, easier to travel across all aspects of quality of life in experiment. This vision of Quayside as of local partners and expertise; and iterative thinking and challenges to Implementing this vision together Keesmaat articulated the balancing act within, and more environmentally cities, including cost of living (with 11 a platform for urban innovation is at the a joint approach to master planning convention that brilliant technologists can help Toronto address its growth required in Toronto’s official plan: “Our sustainable, in ways that urban iii.
Global significance. Several
things subsets around rent, transportation, heart of Sidewalk’s approach. consistent with Toronto’s long-term do so well with the placemaking know- challenges; ignite an urban innovation choice is not whether we grow, but planners could not have imagined just will make this project globally
and more), carbon emissions, development objectives. how and local sensitivity that savvy cluster where new industries thrive, how well we grow.” a decade ago. significant. First, the firsts: the things
walkability, park access, job growth, The world’s great cities are all hubs urbanists bring to the table. new skills are learned, and small that have never been done. The Eastern
civic participation, and time saved of growth and innovation because businesses scale; and create a Of course, many challenges in Toronto As new concepts get built, tested, Waterfront will be the first district
commuting. they leveraged platforms put in As an Alphabet subsidiary, Sidewalk replicable model for the world. go beyond growth. Condos along the and refined in Quayside, they can where the only vehicles are shared and
place by visionary leaders. Rome had will deliver its parent company’s waterfront alone cannot explain the begin to show the path forward on self-driving, where buildings have no
Sidewalk has conducted rigorous aqueducts, London the Underground, unparalleled expertise and reputation startling rise in single-family home the toughest growth challenges. The static use, where streets are never feasibility studies applying the urban Manhattan the street grid. The creators to spark a new industry around A1-b prices; that is also a problem of housing experiments undertaken in Quayside dug up. innovation concepts described in A1-c URBAN
of these physical platforms, along urban innovation in Toronto. No one CHALLENGES supply being unresponsive to demand. will convince people to look at pressing to large-scale districts reasonably with digital ones like the web or Linux, Sidewalk envisions a phased else has envisioned the integration Likewise, while rising costs exacerbate problems in new ways. If pilots around Second: the integration of innovation, comparable to Toronto’s Eastern spurred innovations by a diverse group governance structure (described of technology into the physical income inequality, the greater force new construction methods such as both physical and digital, across every Waterfront. Based on these studies, of entrepreneurs and urban planners. further in A5-a) that ensures close environment that will give rise to an i. Growing pains. Many of Toronto’s at work is a global economy that has prefabricated modular or tall timber aspect of urban life. Nowhere else Sidewalk expects to see incremental An Android phone changes with every collaboration with Waterfront Toronto urban innovation platform and inspire most pressing challenges are the result stopped providing the middle-class job show an ability to reduce building will mobility innovation meet streets quality-of-life improvements on all new downloaded app; the original and the opportunity for community a new generation of creative minds to of its success. High-demand cities opportunities and wage growth it has costs, for example, then developers designed for it. Nowhere else will metrics in Quayside when compared street grid of Toronto changed with engagement in defining the project invent tools for city living. Sidewalk’s around the world, from New York delivered in the past. and housing providers across Toronto housing be more affordable based not with the surrounding metro area, and every streetcar track placed on top. vision, while preserving the flexibility presence will signal to aspiring to London, struggle to maintain the will have another tool to help them on policy alone but on how things are transformative gains when innovations to collaborate with market-leading engineers, urban designers, and character of their neighbourhoods and These challenges impact Torontonians meet market demand and improve built. And nowhere else will all this are deployed at scale across the Sidewalk’s platform concept integrates partners for specific implementations. entrepreneurs that a career helping the socioeconomic diversity of their every day in the form of reduced affordability. innovation exist in a single place. Eastern Waterfront. For example, digital, physical, and standards During the initial phase, joint approval cities meet their challenges is possible people as housing prices, congestion, quality of life and opportunity. It is the Sidewalk’s feasibility studies projected layers to form the baseline conditions of a master development plan will be a along the Eastern Waterfront. and costs of living soar, and Toronto Ryerson graduate who cannot afford to Piloted in isolation, concepts explored Third: the capacity for iteration. The cost of living reductions of 14 percent for urban innovation. key governance principle to ensure that is no exception. At the same time, the get her own place, the service worker in Quayside can demonstrate Eastern Waterfront will be a place (largely through lower rents and the visions of Sidewalk and Waterfront Most critically, Sidewalk’s vision puts global threat of climate change has who spends hours of his life sitting capabilities for improving quality of life, where people have the tools to transportation costs), job growth that Sidewalk is actively developing a digital Toronto are aligned. Sidewalk and people at the heart of its objectives. put the spotlight on cities in search of in traffic on the Gardiner, the family and start to deliver neigKbourhood develop bold ideas—a place that not outpaced the rest of the region, and layer with four essential components. Waterfront Toronto will form a senior Technology is never the end goal, but solutions, with Toronto becoming a that cannot find enough space to live improvements. But it is only when only accommodates innovation but climate footprints among the lowest A Sense component knits together

16 RFP NO. 2017–13 A. PROJECT VISION 17 comfortably downtown. To live up the project expands to district scale demands it. What Sidewalk envisions in the world. (These feasibility studies, to its billing as “the city that works,” in the Eastern Waterfront that new today for Quayside and the Eastern and their findings, are described in Toronto must work for everyone. capabilities and applications can reach Waterfront is just the first chapter; it is further detail in A4-b.) escape velocity and help Toronto— what cannot yet be imagined that will ii. Overcoming challenges. It would along with other high-demand cities— change the world. be unrealistic to propose solving all achieve inclusive growth. A1-c PURPOSEFUL the challenges facing Toronto, let iv. Success metrics. The most SOLUTIONS alone its peer cities around the world, imaginative urban innovation only in Quayside. But the opportunity succeeds when it improves people’s You can never truly plan a presented by Waterfront Toronto lives. To assess success in Quayside neighbourhood with every solution provides the chance to demonstrate and the Eastern Waterfront, Sidewalk laid out from the start. Instead, you how emerging technologies can make has identified 25 metrics that cut can give people the tools to create and cities more affordable, easier to travel across all aspects of quality of life in experiment. This vision of Quayside as within, and more environmentally cities, including cost of living (with 11 a platform for urban innovation is at the sustainable, in ways that urban iii.
Global significance. Several
things subsets around rent, transportation, heart of Sidewalk’s approach. planners could not have imagined just will make this project globally
and more), carbon emissions, a decade ago. significant. First, the firsts: the things
walkability, park access, job growth, The world’s great cities are all hubs that have never been done. The Eastern
civic participation, and time saved of growth and innovation because As new concepts get built, tested, Waterfront will be the first district
commuting. they leveraged platforms put in and refined in Quayside, they can where the only vehicles are shared and
place by visionary leaders. Rome had begin to show the path forward on self-driving, where buildings have no
Sidewalk has conducted rigorous aqueducts, London the Underground, the toughest growth challenges. The static use, where streets are never feasibility studies applying the urban Manhattan the street grid. The creators experiments undertaken in Quayside dug
up. innovation concepts described in A1-c of these physical platforms, along will convince people to look at pressing to large-scale districts reasonably with digital ones like the web or Linux, problems in new ways. If pilots around Second: the integration of innovation, comparable to Toronto’s Eastern spurred innovations by a diverse group new construction methods such as both physical and digital, across every Waterfront. Based on these studies, of entrepreneurs and urban planners. prefabricated modular or tall timber aspect of urban life. Nowhere else Sidewalk expects to see incremental An Android phone changes with every show an ability to reduce building will mobility innovation meet streets quality-of-life improvements on all new downloaded app; the original costs, for example, then developers designed for it. Nowhere else will metrics in Quayside when compared street grid of Toronto changed with and housing providers across Toronto housing be more affordable based not with the surrounding metro area, and every streetcar track placed on top. will have another tool to help them on policy alone but on how things are transformative gains when innovations meet market demand and improve built. And nowhere else will all this are deployed at scale across the Sidewalk’s platform concept integrates affordability. innovation exist in a single place. Eastern Waterfront. For example, digital, physical, and standards Sidewalk’s feasibility studies projected layers to form the baseline conditions Piloted in isolation, concepts explored Third: the capacity for iteration. The cost of living reductions of 14 percent for urban innovation. in Quayside can demonstrate Eastern Waterfront will be a place (largely through lower rents and capabilities for improving quality of life, where people have the tools to transportation costs), job growth that Sidewalk is actively developing a digital and start to deliver neigKbourhood develop bold ideas—a place that not outpaced the rest of the region, and layer with four essential components. improvements. But it is only when only accommodates innovation but climate footprints among the lowest A Sense component knits together

A. PROJECT VISION 17 a distributed network of sensors empowering people to build solutions being made on cleaner electricity. But that consists of sensor-enabled waste shared space, such as co-housing, zone. But that is not enough. For system. Finally, Sidewalk will create by sensor arrays, that monitors air to collect real-time data about the faster than is possible in cities today. as the Quayside Draft Vision Document separation for recycling and onsite to further lower housing costs. trips within Quayside, Sidewalk will an urban freight transit system, using quality, asset conditions, and usage, surrounding environment, enabling points out, there is still a lot of progress anaerobic digestion for composting, provide a robust walking and biking robots to make deliveries via utility helping managers respond quickly to people to measure, understand, and The platform’s standards layer defines to be made reducing emissions that dramatically reducing landfill waste. Drawing on its long history developing infrastructure, including expansions channels. emerging needs, from broken benches improve it. A Map component collects the rules for residents, administrators, come from building energy, waste, and And an intuitive purple-pipe pilot will affordable housing in New York of Bike Share Toronto. Working with to overflowing waste bins. This system location-based information about the and developers using and building water use. help tenants reuse greywater. City, the Sidewalk team will pursue Waterfront Toronto and the city, These initiatives will help make will enable tests of reservable outdoor infrastructure, buildings, and shared atop the platform. Good platforms innovative financing approaches in Sidewalk hopes to extend transit links Quayside one of the least auto- spaces for short-term uses, such as resources in the public realm. An encourage the most innovation and These components can help Quayside. Sometimes the best fit will to the waterfront—specifically, the 501 dependent neighbourhoods in Toronto, pop-up shops. Using flexible building Account component provides a highly collaboration with the fewest barriers make Quayside a zero-emissions be a partial homeownership program; and 514 streetcar routes. Sidewalk will saving families thousands of dollars a structures, Sidewalk is exploring secure, personalized portal through to entry. The platform must attract neighbourhood and introduce the next other cases may require a rental also pilot a self-driving transit shuttle, year in car-ownership costs. a next-gen bazaar, a tech-enabled which residents can access public and participants by being open, and it generation of sustainable buildings. subsidy. Critically, affordable housing a strategy identified in the Quayside makerspace with activity stalls that can private services. A Model component must connect producers of new in Quayside will not be relegated Draft Vision Document. A public realm that is vibrant and be refreshed quickly. (in development by Sidewalk’s Model goods and services with consumers. Real estate that is flexible and far to separate buildings; Sidewalk’s usable year-round. Toronto’s Jane Lab) can simulate “what if” scenarios The platform must have clear data more affordable. Housing is the approach will be for residential Jacobs spent her life encouraging These capabilities can help make for city operations to inform long-term standards and well-supported As the centrepiece of a new approach single biggest expense facing Toronto facilities throughout the neighborhood cities to improve their shared spaces, public space more usable for as much planning decisions. application programming interfaces to building energy in Quayside, families, and the toughest barrier to house residents with a range of because ultimately the public realm of the year as possible—and as familiar (APIs) to accelerate development. Sidewalk will pilot a thermal grid to inclusivity. To make Quayside a incomes. defines a neighbourhood. But bad and comfortable as a living room or a The physical layer is essentially the And the platform must have an that taps multiple existing sources complete community, Sidewalk has weather can deter people from backyard. core infrastructure that frames any uncompromising and transparent of energy for circulation and reuse, developed several tools that help These strategies can make housing gathering outdoors, and limited insight city: utility channels to carry wires, approach to data and privacy making it possible to heat and cool achieve affordability—from technology more efficient and affordable and into usage patterns and conditions A close-knit community that uses waste, and water; a street grid to direct protection. buildings without fossil fuels. Sidewalk that lowers construction costs to encourage socioeconomic diversity. makes public spaces hard to maintain. data to improve city services. Social movement; a public realm to provide will also capture enough renewable innovative financing and partnerships For trips outside Quayside, Sidewalk’s cohesion and civic engagement are an an array of parks and amenities. To jumpstart the urban innovation energy through an advanced microgrid with government. A mobility system as convenient approach is to reduce the need for Sidewalk’s approach to the public ongoing challenge in growing cities, Sidewalk’s approach to the physical platform, Sidewalk is developing to meet Waterfront Toronto’s goals for as private cars at much lower cost. private cars, or manage their impact realm centres on returning it to but new data and digital tools can be layer is designed to be adaptable. a series of concepts noted below. onsite power generation. And Sidewalk In Quayside, Sidewalk plans to deliver The biggest challenge to sustainable when transit is not convenient. An pedestrians and making it more put to work for a stronger community. For instance, unlike traditional utility These ideas should not be seen as will adopt Passive House building modular buildings using advanced mobility in Toronto is finding ways for adaptive traffic light pilot (being usable more often. Awnings set out Sidewalk portfolio company networks, which are buried in roads rigid solutions but rather approaches standards that go beyond LEED to manufacturing to save time and money transit to compete with the private incubated by Sidewalk’s Semaphore in bad weather are as old as the Intersection is at the forefront of and therefore disruptive and costly to urban growth challenges that manage the thermal load that is the during construction. Sidewalk will car in terms of convenience for daily Lab) will use sensing technology to souk, but emerging capabilities and connected communities: its LinkNYC to change, flexible utility channels provide an initial demonstration of largest cause of energy demand in also demonstrate a flexible building trips—a struggle exacerbated by detect pedestrians and cyclists and technologies, such as durable plastics system is the world’s largest free public will be easily accessible and reserve the platform’s capabilities, and that buildings. typology, Loft, with a strong shell and limited transit funding. In Quayside, prioritize their safe movement through like ETFE, enable new approaches Wi-Fi network, and its connected space for new connections, saving are open to refinement through minimalistic interior that makes it quick Sidewalk plans to use both traditional congested intersections. A managed to weather mitigation and all-season program at Hudson Yards in New time and money on upgrades and partnership with Waterfront Toronto. Sidewalk will complement these efforts and easy to convert building uses. transit and digital mobility tools to offer parking pilot (being developed by infrastructure that can draw people York City enables a vast array of installation. The physical and digital with a suite of innovations that target To enable adaptable buildings while efficient alternatives to driving, all at Sidewalk’s portfolio company Flow) outdoors. In Quayside, Sidewalk will neighbourhood experiences, including layers will connect via sensors to The next frontier of global reductions in waste and water use. To ensuring good standards, Sidewalk lower cost than owning a car. will direct cars to available parking, pilot retractable canopies in public amenity reservations and digital generate a shared repository of data sustainability. Toronto’s sustainability reduce construction waste, Sidewalk will test outcome-based codes, using reducing the emissions and congestion spaces and heated bike and pedestrian feedback channels. on the neighbourhood that is critical trends around transportation will experiment with more eco-friendly embedded sensors to monitor for Sidewalk’s approach begins by caused by circling. A mobility-as-a- paths to melt snow. not only for day-to-day operations and electricity consumption are building materials, such as tall timber. negative impacts such as noise or restricting conventional vehicles (non- service platform will help users take In Quayside, Sidewalk will pilot a but also for public agencies and third encouraging, with electric vehicle Sidewalk will seek to pilot a smart pollution. Sidewalk will also explore emergency) from a large portion of advantage of all mobility options, and Sidewalk also will pilot a public neighbourhood assistant tool to parties working to improve services— ownership rising and great strides disposal chain in multifamily buildings new occupancy models that rely on the neigbourhood after a transition will facilitate an on-demand shared ride realm management system, enabled facilitate social cooperation and

18 RFP NO. 2017–13 A. PROJECT VISION 19 shared space, such as co-housing, zone. But that is not enough. For system. Finally, Sidewalk will create by sensor arrays, that monitors air to further lower housing costs. trips within Quayside, Sidewalk will an urban freight transit system, using quality, asset conditions, and usage, provide a robust walking and biking robots to make deliveries via utility helping managers respond quickly to Drawing on its long history developing infrastructure, including expansions channels. emerging needs, from broken benches affordable housing in New York of Bike Share Toronto. Working with to overflowing waste bins. This system City, the Sidewalk team will pursue Waterfront Toronto and the city, These initiatives will help make will enable tests of reservable outdoor innovative financing approaches in Sidewalk hopes to extend transit links Quayside one of the least auto- spaces for short-term uses, such as Quayside. Sometimes the best fit will to the waterfront—specifically, the 501 dependent neighbourhoods in Toronto, pop-up shops. Using flexible building be a partial homeownership program; and 514 streetcar routes. Sidewalk will saving families thousands of dollars a structures, Sidewalk is exploring other cases may require a rental also pilot a self-driving transit shuttle, year in car-ownership costs. a next-gen bazaar, a tech-enabled subsidy. Critically, affordable housing a strategy identified in the Quayside makerspace with activity stalls that can in Quayside will not be relegated Draft Vision Document. A public realm that is vibrant and be refreshed quickly. to separate buildings; Sidewalk’s usable year-round. Toronto’s Jane approach will be for residential Jacobs spent her life encouraging These capabilities can help make facilities throughout the neighborhood cities to improve their shared spaces, public space more usable for as much to house residents with a range of because ultimately the public realm of the year as possible—and as familiar incomes. defines a neighbourhood. But bad and comfortable as a living room or a weather can deter people from backyard. These strategies can make housing gathering outdoors, and limited insight more efficient and affordable and into usage patterns and conditions A close-knit community that uses encourage socioeconomic diversity. makes public spaces hard to maintain. data to improve city services. Social For trips outside Quayside, Sidewalk’s cohesion and civic engagement are an A mobility system as convenient approach is to reduce the need for Sidewalk’s approach to the public ongoing challenge in growing cities, as private cars at much lower cost. private cars, or manage their impact realm centres on returning it to but new data and digital tools can be The biggest challenge to sustainable when transit is not convenient. An pedestrians and making it more put to work for a stronger community. mobility in Toronto is finding ways for adaptive traffic light pilot (being usable more often. Awnings set out Sidewalk portfolio company transit to compete with the private incubated by Sidewalk’s Semaphore in bad weather are as old as the Intersection is at the forefront of car in terms of convenience for daily Lab) will use sensing technology to souk, but emerging capabilities and connected communities: its LinkNYC trips—a struggle exacerbated by detect pedestrians and cyclists and technologies, such as durable plastics system is the world’s largest free public limited transit funding. In Quayside, prioritize their safe movement through like ETFE, enable new approaches Wi-Fi network, and its connected Sidewalk plans to use both traditional congested intersections. A managed to weather mitigation and all-season program at Hudson Yards in New transit and digital mobility tools to offer parking pilot (being developed by infrastructure that can draw people York City enables a vast array of efficient alternatives to driving, all at Sidewalk’s portfolio company Flow) outdoors. In Quayside, Sidewalk will neighbourhood experiences, including lower cost than owning a car. will direct cars to available parking, pilot retractable canopies in public amenity reservations and digital reducing the emissions and congestion spaces and heated bike and pedestrian feedback channels. Sidewalk’s approach begins by caused by circling. A mobility-as-a- paths to melt snow. restricting conventional vehicles (non- service platform will help users take In Quayside, Sidewalk will pilot a emergency) from a large portion of advantage of all mobility options, and Sidewalk also will pilot a public neighbourhood assistant tool to the neigbourhood after a transition will facilitate an on-demand shared ride realm management system, enabled facilitate social cooperation and

A. PROJECT VISION 19 public feedback. This tool will enable limitations, vested interests, and serve as an advisory board that will with Waterfront Toronto and Sidewalk Quayside residents to form new other barriers stifle bold action. By help guide plans for Toronto’s newest in ways that take full advantage of the neighbourhood groups, crowd-source combining their respective expertise neighbourhood. project’s technological capabilities and community needs, and access a peer- creating positive urban change, urban design. to-peer marketplace. Toronto has Waterfront Toronto and Sidewalk have There are more practical barriers excellent 311, but the neighbourhood the rare opportunity to build something and dependencies for the project. Finally, building on the excellent work assistant can be another portal transformational that truly integrates Sweeping innovation may require Waterfront Toronto has done on through which residents communicate digital technology into the physical more up-front investment, as well community engagement, Sidewalk feedback to officials, addressing and social environment. The Eastern as massive infrastructure work on will establish an unparalleled level of the need for digital tools that gauge Waterfront itself supports this effort: a short timetable, and deliver less trust around data use by engaging community well-being, as noted in the a site at the heart of a great city that is immediate return. Thus Sidewalk with independent privacy experts and Quayside Draft Vision Document. large enough to host the district of the must be innovative when it comes to community stakeholders to advise future and yet largely undeveloped. financing, as well. The Sidewalk team on protections, transparency, and Building off Ontario’s Community is led by recognized leaders in creating controls. For example, Ann Cavoukian, Hubs program, Sidewalk will new structures to fund housing and former Ontario Information and Privacy work with Waterfront Toronto and infrastructure investment—from Commissioner and now Executive government partners to bring a robust America’s largest ever tax increment Director of the Privacy and Big Data set of community services into single financing district, to America’s largest Institute at Ryerson University, has locations that are more accessible ever affordable housing program, agreed to serve on an advisory board if to residents. By connecting these to the redevelopment of Lower Sidewalk is selected for Quayside. hubs with better data, Sidewalk will Manhattan after September 11. They enable service providers to deliver will bring that experience to bear on more personalized services to the Of course, there are good reasons why the Eastern Waterfront. A1-e BROADER EASTERN local community. Sidewalk’s Care Lab urban change is hard. In a great city, WATERFRONT is actively developing digital tools a rich diversity of people and places Another barrier is that there is no REVITALIZATION to integrate primary care and social create a unique fabric to be treasured way to set a global standard for services for city residents. and protected. In the case of Toronto, innovation without meaningful change On the Eastern Waterfront, the ideas Sidewalk is still getting familiar with to outmoded regulation. Achieving imagined and tested in Quayside All told, Sidewalk will work to make this fabric, but it brings a deep love Sidewalk’s vision for adaptable can achieve the scale necessary to Quayside a thriving community where of cities and a commitment to solving buildings that reduce costs, for redefine cities, positioning Toronto data-driven services make life easier, the challenges they face. Sidewalk example, will require a new paradigm and Canada as a world leader in urban healthier, and more productive. has engaged best-in-class, Toronto- in the building code that provides innovation, and delivering step-change based consultants with decades both flexibility and safety. Likewise, improvements in quality of life. Four of collective experience guiding, opportunities for innovation in the themes drive Sidewalk’s belief that A1-d a revitalized Eastern Waterfront can BARRIERS safeguarding, improving, and growing areas of transportation and energy /DEPENDENCIES Toronto. Sidewalk has also started to may require substantial forbearances become a living laboratory of global reach out to civic leaders, business from existing laws and regulations, as significance: place, scale, impact, and Cities are notoriously difficult to leaders, academics, former public well as the willingness of provincial opportunity. change. Risk aversion, funding officials, and community activists to and municipal governments to partner

20 RFP NO. 2017–13 First are the unique properties of deployed in Quayside will make it easy and enable robots to transport solid would one day transform the way the Eastern Waterfront itself. It is to bring composting to multifamily waste underground and out of sight. people navigate city streets? And cities close enough to feed on the energy buildings; this same concept, applied Flexible buildings are supported by themselves will change in unknowable of Toronto’s booming core, but still across the Eastern Waterfront, an outcome-based code that, at full ways once the traditional rules of urban removed enough to function as a place becomes a robotic sorting system scale, prevents nuisances and safety planning disappear. When planners no of experimentation. Add to that its size, that diverts more than 90 percent of risks while dramatically reducing longer need to orient streets around sparse population, and guidance from waste without the hassle of manual the restrictions on how indoor cars, developers no longer need to Waterfront Toronto, and the Eastern separation. A cluster of Passive House spaces are used. The microgrid is distinguish land uses, and communities Waterfront provides a singular canvas buildings at Quayside will climb the complemented by a thermal grid that no longer need to choose between on which to apply the concept of an learning curve and make it possible for can tap vast sources of waste heat and an affordable home and a reasonable urban innovation platform. the Eastern Waterfront to be entirely natural cooling, enabling the Eastern commute, the physical environment Passive House at no incremental cost. Waterfront to export clean thermal becomes an extension of human The site is large enough to energy to downtown neighbourhoods creativity, rather than a barrier to it. support a dozen or more distinct Third is the combined impact that and achieve Waterfront Toronto’s neighbourhoods—a system of occurs when boundless innovation climate-positive ambition. For more detail on how innovations “networked neigKbourhoods.” Across comes together in cross-cutting applied in Quayside will have a the waterfront, the streets will restrict ways. When a mobility-as-a-service In this way, the networked transformative impact across the conventional vehicles, with a mobility pilot in Quayside scales across the neigKbourhoods of the Eastern Eastern Waterfront, see Appendix A. network primarily serving pedestrians, Eastern Waterfront, it not only enables Waterfront will begin to operate cyclists, and taxibot transit. A free- families to abandon auto-ownership at a system scale, like the internet, flowing public realm will emphasize without sacrificing convenience, generating advantages that increase A1-f TRANSFERABILITY flexible pavilions and radical mixed- it also combines with self-driving with each new node. Whereas a use, bringing home, work, and play shuttles to turn every corner into neigKbourhood of a few thousand Sidewalk’s approach for Quayside is closer together. A green ribbon of a transit stop. By eliminating the people will produce a modest market designed to achieve both a successful parks will surround the district, and a need for parking, this new mobility opportunity to attract third parties to urban development project and series of blue “water rooms”—from system further combines with flexible the platform, a district of networked to maximize transferability of the floating theatres to homes—will create Loft structures and programmable neigKbourhoods will be powerful solutions that emerge on a global new life on the lake. public space to repurpose land for enough to draw companies and scale. Everything will have a dual whatever the community needs most, entrepreneurs from all over to take part purpose: inclusive growth for Toronto, Second is the scale of impact that can from affordable housing to cultural in Toronto’s new ecosystem. and a demonstration project for cities be achieved by innovation on a site of institutions. And the system combines everywhere to look to and learn from. hundreds of hectares. A Loft pilot at with the advanced microgrid to fuel Which leads to the fourth and final Quayside can create radical mixed- electric vehicles with renewable energy theme: the opportunity for people As local laboratories of innovation, use for hundreds of people; this same and off-peak power, keeping the air to create things that no one can yet cities have always copied the best concept, applied across the Eastern cleaner. imagine. Some of these things will practices of other cities. Sidewalk Waterfront, means transforming the be digital applications built on top leaders learned that lesson time speed at which the built environment The examples go on. The public realm of the platform. When the internet and again during their tenure in evolves for tens of thousands of is enhanced by utility channels that first emerged as a small network of city government. New York City’s Torontonians. A smart disposal chain put an end to disruptive street work researchers, who envisioned that it

A. PROJECT VISION 21 High Line inspired dozens of cities A2 approach has many benefits, including types of building controls, which to create similar projects with future-proofing structures to reduce are among the most potent ways to abandoned infrastructure. The construction and demolition waste, reduce energy consumption, but which PlaNYC sustainability initiative set a Sustainability and enabling dense, mixed-use still lack standardization and scale. new standard for managing growth and Innovation developments that encourage walking Sidewalk also sees an opportunity to while protecting the climate. C40 and cycling. Different building uses realize Waterfront Toronto’s target of cities institutionalize this practice Sidewalk’s approach to sustainability in also generate complementary thermal 10 percent onsite power generation to help each other implement ideas Quayside is to pilot and scale different demands, which makes thermal using roof and façade photovoltaics, as systematically. kinds of innovation to tackle the exchange systems more effective. well as battery storage. Between these thorniest problems in environmental efforts, Sidewalk expects to reduce Of course, before cities and developers performance. Despite tremendous In Quayside, Sidewalk also sees the draw from the Toronto Hydro electric copy ideas, they must see that a strides on climate action in Toronto, the opportunity to experiment with new grid by 75 percent per capita versus new concept has worked. Sidewalk state of the art today is insufficient to construction techniques and designs existing conditions. expects Quayside to become the achieve the levels of greenhouse gas that will eliminate the waste that most measurable community in the reductions the planet needs, let alone occurs from building construction and Sidewalk also sees the opportunity world. Nowhere else will researchers realize Waterfront Toronto’s vision of a demolition, including modular housing to improve upon the MGBR in waste have access to a well-supported, climate positive community. Achieving and flexible construction. Sidewalk and water. In Quayside, Sidewalk will standardized data platform, and that high bar requires aggressive has also been experimenting with deploy a digitally enabled smart chute models that enables rapid urban innovation around mobility (detailed more sustainable building materials, system that will help pay-as-you-throw innovation—a “city with an API.” At in A3-b) and electricity, but Sidewalk including mycelium insulation and waste regimes succeed in multifamily a new urban innovation institution in sees an opportunity in Toronto to tall timber skeletons, and intends to buildings by making it possible to Quayside (described more in A4-a), make the biggest impact on resource pilot such structures in Quayside as differentiate between recyclables and researchers will be able to analyze consumption around building energy. a first step to adoption in the Eastern trash. Sidewalk will also handle organic data to demonstrate which concepts Through a sustainability strategy Waterfront. waste through a separate system being tested in the living laboratory are centring on thermal energy capture, culminating in an onsite anaerobic improving quality of life, and which are Quayside has the potential to be nearly The MGBR and beyond. Waterfront digester. Such a system will require not. As innovations show their promise, climate positive in its early phases, and Toronto’s Minimum Green Building minimal additional effort from users but their usage will transfer outward—first the Eastern Waterfront can achieve Requirements set an admirable will achieve vastly better outcomes— to Toronto, then beyond. climate-positive status. baseline, but Sidewalk is eager to at a minimum, a 90 percent landfill go beyond them. For overall energy diversion in household waste. Similarly, As more concepts prove their success, consumption, Sidewalk plans to Sidewalk will go beyond the MGBR and more cities copy them, more urban A2-a use the Passive House standard as and use nonpotable water indoors as APPROACH TO BUILDING-LEVEL innovators will come to Quayside to SOLUTIONS a baseline. With a cluster of Passive well as outdoors, through a complete pursue their own ideas. This positive House–inspired buildings, Quayside purple-pipe system, so residents and feedback loop for Toronto will Flexible buildings that reduce will serve as a laboratory for the workers become familiar catalyze an innovation marketplace energy demand. A critical aspect refinement of this standard as it with the idea of not using in Toronto, consistent with recent of Sidewalk’s vision for buildings applies to North American multifamily drinking water for all recommendations from Canada’s is incorporating flexibility and mix buildings. Further, Sidewalk seeks to domestic purposes. Advisory Council on Economic Growth. of uses into each structure. This explore the effectiveness of different

22 RFP NO. 2017–13 8 7.37 Realizing a Climate-Positive Vision

7 The GHG reductions from Sidewalk's sustainability strategy have the potential to make Quayside a nearly climate-neutral neighbourhood and to realize Waterfront Toronto's climate-positive ambition on the Eastern 6 Waterfront. For the full methodology of this analysis, see Appendix A.

4.37 5 Stationary Sources 4.28 Transport Sources 4 0.68 0.34 3.26 3 2.10 1.42 1.42 2 3.00 0.77 0.01 0.53 1 0.30 0.23 2.18 1.84 0.11 0.03 0.73 Per capita annual GHG emissions, CO2e metric tons metric GHG emissions, CO2e annual capita Per 0.42 0 Citywide New build in LEED Gold Transport WDWHUIURQW Mobility Building Advanced Flexible Water and Quayside Efciency Deep Oake Ashbridges Portlands Eastern Dverage, downtown + Kigh- demand 7RURQWR strategy standards microgrid thermal smart waste Jains from Fooling WWTP Energy Waterfront -1 2013 actuals Toronto, Hfficiency management MGBR + grid disposal Vystem Centre 2017 Dppliances strategy 7'0 system Hxpansions 1.98 standards

-2 Sidewalk's Quayside Plan 0.88

-3.09

Sidewalk's Eastern Waterfront Vision

A2-b Utility channels. A key investment the robot lanes provide the network called the thermal grid. Unlike systems APPROACH TO DISTRICT-LEVEL at district scale will be to create that will allow a new type of urban that only rely on a single source, SOLUTIONS a system of utility channels to freight system to emerge, beginning the thermal grid will tap and export Sidewalk will seek to make use of the accommodate all networked utilities. with solid waste handling. multiple sources of waste or free heat density that Waterfront Toronto hopes These will provide space for electric and cool in the area: geothermal, waste to achieve in both Quayside and the wires, telecom conduits, and water Energy. Despite the reductions in heat from sewers and the Portlands Eastern Waterfront to create a set of and district heating pipes, as well as thermal load that Passive House Energy Centre, deep lake cooling, and solutions that are flexible and shared. space for small-scale robots to travel buildings can provide, buildings will still the capture and reuse of waste heat Many of these systems can begin at the between building basements and need a high thermal load in Toronto’s and cool from within the buildings neighbourhood level in Quayside but under walkable streets. The channels seasonal climate. To address this themselves. demonstrate their full potential when will enable the fast provision of new challenge, Sidewalk will seek to pilot applied at district scale across the types of utilities as they emerge, and in Quayside, and scale up across the Capturing all of these sources will far Eastern Waterfront. will make it easy to maintain systems Eastern Waterfront, a multi-source exceed the thermal demands of the without disruptive utility work. Finally, district heating and cooling system efficient buildings. As a result, the

A. PROJECT VISION 23 thermal grid will be the primary path the sorting regime. In Quayside, an report environmental metrics such as For example, the costs associated with affect the expected performance of scale and single-purpose solutions, No focus on space constraints. the benefits of tree canopy coverage for the Eastern Waterfront to realize its anaerobic digester at the central point temperature, carbon monoxide levels, implementing Passive House standards the planned thermal grid; however, and an underemphasis on space Many targets established in the through a mix of other types of climate-positive ambition, according will consume the neighbourhood’s noise, and vibration. across a site the size of Quayside are Sidewalk’s thermal energy plan constraints. Quayside Draft Vision Document greenery, physical shading, and to Sidewalk’s analysis (shown on the organic waste, while landfill and not entirely clear. Similarly, while the identifies several sources so the loss involve commitments for the allocation stormwater management. previous page). Further, there is so recyclables will likely be shipped Incorporating these networks costs of robots and other advanced of any one will not undermine the A bias towards building-scale of space, but the document does not much excess heat that even if some offsite. At the scale of the Eastern from the beginning, in such a way technology systems are falling, the climate-positive objective. Similarly, solutions. In several areas, including explore how those allocations add In these cases and others, Sidewalk is sources were unavailable in the future, Waterfront, Sidewalk will seek an that they can be upgraded as new point at which costs fall far enough to Sidewalk will rely on Waterfront potable water treatment, material up to compete with other desirable eager to work with Waterfront Toronto the system would still achieve climate- onsite material recovery facility for the technologies emerge, will make enable the systems Sidewalk imagines Toronto’s delivery of its Intelligent recovery, waste-to-gas, and sewage uses, including new residential and and its team to evaluate the feasibility positive performance. Sidewalk will remainder. sensing easier and cheaper to deploy is also not yet clear. Communities Initiative; should heat capture, the Quayside Draft commercial space. For example, the of potential solutions. pilot a thermal grid in Quayside using on an unprecedented scale and that project get delayed or altered, Vision Document specifies building- goal of greater than 50 percent tree waste heat from building and ground As mentioned, Sidewalk plans to density. Knowing that technology will Most importantly, the overall scale of Sidewalk’s concepts for connectivity scale solutions as its objective. While canopy and two acres of land for sources, but tapping the large sources incorporate a purple-pipe nonpotable keep improving over time, Quayside the development may prove a limiting will need to be amended. digital technology enables many tools urban farming may prove difficult to A3 of waste heat and Lake Ontario cooling water feed into each building’s system. and the Eastern Waterfront will be factor. Some of the most impactful to be miniaturized, and building-level reconcile with the goals for 10 percent will require the scale of the Eastern While Sidewalk will explore onsite designed to minimize the cost of innovations are major capital projects In all cases, the best strategy is to start systems may be easier to replicate onsite power generation, abundant Waterfront to be economical. rainwater capture and treatment for hardware upgrades, and to avoid that will require large volumes of conversations early and recognize the in other cities, the benefits of urban open space for public activities, and Complete potable uses, the Ashbridges Bay them as much as possible by enabling reliable offtake to be financeable, perspectives and interests of potential density are often best realized when affordable housing. Communities Wastewater Treatment Plant could the infrastructure to be software- including the thermal grid and the partners. Sidewalk will work with these economies of scale are leveraged. easily supply the entire Eastern upgradable. In the same way that containerized waste system. Sidewalk entities to develop approaches that As Waterfront Toronto’s innovation Sidewalk’s vision of a complete Waterfront (including Quayside) with water and power are provided by a may find that many of these concepts meet their fundamental needs while A focus on highly specific partner, Sidewalk will help address community starts with a place that nonpotable water, which would greatly district-owned system, the provision are feasible at the scale of the Eastern also creating the flexibility necessary to solutions. Similarly, in several these challenges through several builds on Toronto’s social, cultural, and simplify the water supply system and of a district-level communications Waterfront but not of Quayside, and innovate. cases, the document identifies a alternative strategies and tools. economic diversity. It means a place eliminate large amounts of energy- backbone and access points will will work with Waterfront Toronto to specific technological solution when Sidewalk believes several solutions that is inclusive, one that welcomes consuming treatment equipment at the reduce the expense and maintenance discuss scaling back innovations in alternatives may prove better or have noted in the Quayside Draft Vision all comers to contribute to the fabric A2-d building scale. overhead of duplicate infrastructure Quayside when the economics do not ECONOMIC AND broader applications. For example, Document should be evaluated at a of urban life. It means a place that Waste and water. Sidewalk sees a from multiple providers. make sense, or finding innovative ways TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY the document recommends a vacuum range of scales, such as wastewater is adaptable, one in which buildings similar opportunity for district-scale Telecommunications. Digital to expand the service areas of such system for solid waste, as found in heat recovery, which may work better and spaces can change to address solutions for both solid waste and communications are critical to the projects whenever possible. Sidewalk has reviewed the Quayside Roosevelt Island (New York City) and at the neighbourhood scale than the evolving needs of the populations A2-c water. While the Quayside Draft Vision operation of a district. Connectivity will BARRIERS Draft Vision Document in detail, and Hammarby Sjöstad (Stockholm). But at the building scale. Sidewalk also they serve. It means a place that Document has identified a vacuum be ubiquitous in Quayside, consisting /DEPENDENCIES Coordination. Other dependencies offers a specific assessment of each that system has seen limited replication believes different technologies should is accessible in every dimension: system as a promising solution, of high-speed wired communications relate to the coordination needed target and strategy in the Technical in its 35 years of operation because it be evaluated when highly precise welcoming, pedestrian-friendly, Sidewalk sees even greater benefit over fibre and copper; high bandwidth The two main types of barriers and with other entities that control key Appendix of Appendix A. Overall, the is a dedicated, single-purpose system approaches have been specified; a participatory, easy to get to, and easy in using industrial robots to move wireless communications over Wi-Fi dependencies to the full realization of aspects of the infrastructure that document establishes highly ambitious, that must cover all of its costs based on robot-powered containerized waste to move around in. Most importantly, it solid waste to a central point through and cellular technologies; and long- Quayside’s potential are economics Sidewalk will plan to connect to or though realistic, approaches that waste-related savings alone. And while system, for instance, could deliver means a place that is affordable. utility channels. By putting waste into range, low-bandwidth connectivity and coordination. build upon, as well as the regulatory Sidewalk will be excited to implement. power-to-gas storage is a promising the same benefits of a vacuum standardized containers that robots using low-power wide-area network environment that will shape the site. But Sidewalk’s review identified several concept, it is not yet clear that such waste system while accommodating A3-a can move, neighbourhoods can adhere technologies. The latter is especially Economics and scale. In many For example, if the city determines areas of focus consistent throughout systems are better than traditional additional uses. And Sidewalk will MIXED-INCOME HOUSING to the current three-bin approach appropriate for sensors in the public cases, the cost of implementing new that it is impossible to tap waste heat the recommendations that may chemical batteries that may be more identify an innovative approach to (organics, recyclables, and landfill) realm and within buildings as part of innovations is hard to know, even if the from the Ashbridges Bay Wastewater unnecessarily raise costs or difficulty, versatile. space constraints that still achieves A complete community starts with while accommodating any change in the outcome-based code, which will benefits are relatively easy to predict. Treatment Plant, this decision will including an overemphasis on building- important targets, such as obtaining housing affordability. Allocating a

24 RFP NO. 2017–13 A. PROJECT VISION 25 affect the expected performance of scale and single-purpose solutions, No focus on space constraints. the benefits of tree canopy coverage the planned thermal grid; however, and an underemphasis on space Many targets established in the through a mix of other types of Sidewalk’s thermal energy plan constraints. Quayside Draft Vision Document greenery, physical shading, and identifies several sources so the loss involve commitments for the allocation stormwater management. of any one will not undermine the A bias towards building-scale of space, but the document does not climate-positive objective. Similarly, solutions. In several areas, including explore how those allocations add In these cases and others, Sidewalk is Sidewalk will rely on Waterfront potable water treatment, material up to compete with other desirable eager to work with Waterfront Toronto Toronto’s delivery of its Intelligent recovery, waste-to-gas, and sewage uses, including new residential and and its team to evaluate the feasibility Communities Initiative; should heat capture, the Quayside Draft commercial space. For example, the of potential solutions. that project get delayed or altered, Vision Document specifies building- goal of greater than 50 percent tree Sidewalk’s concepts for connectivity scale solutions as its objective. While canopy and two acres of land for will need to be amended. digital technology enables many tools urban farming may prove difficult to A3 to be miniaturized, and building-level reconcile with the goals for 10 percent In all cases, the best strategy is to start systems may be easier to replicate onsite power generation, abundant conversations early and recognize the in other cities, the benefits of urban open space for public activities, and Complete perspectives and interests of potential density are often best realized when affordable housing. Communities partners. Sidewalk will work with these economies of scale are leveraged. entities to develop approaches that As Waterfront Toronto’s innovation Sidewalk’s vision of a complete meet their fundamental needs while A focus on highly specific partner, Sidewalk will help address community starts with a place that also creating the flexibility necessary to solutions. Similarly, in several these challenges through several builds on Toronto’s social, cultural, and innovate. cases, the document identifies a alternative strategies and tools. economic diversity. It means a place specific technological solution when Sidewalk believes several solutions that is inclusive, one that welcomes alternatives may prove better or have noted in the Quayside Draft Vision all comers to contribute to the fabric A2-d ECONOMIC AND broader applications. For example, Document should be evaluated at a of urban life. It means a place that TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY the document recommends a vacuum range of scales, such as wastewater is adaptable, one in which buildings system for solid waste, as found in heat recovery, which may work better and spaces can change to address Sidewalk has reviewed the Quayside Roosevelt Island (New York City) and at the neighbourhood scale than the evolving needs of the populations Draft Vision Document in detail, and Hammarby Sjöstad (Stockholm). But at the building scale. Sidewalk also they serve. It means a place that offers a specific assessment of each that system has seen limited replication believes different technologies should is accessible in every dimension: target and strategy in the Technical in its 35 years of operation because it be evaluated when highly precise welcoming, pedestrian-friendly, Appendix of Appendix A. Overall, the is a dedicated, single-purpose system approaches have been specified; a participatory, easy to get to, and easy document establishes highly ambitious, that must cover all of its costs based on robot-powered containerized waste to move around in. Most importantly, it though realistic, approaches that waste-related savings alone. And while system, for instance, could deliver means a place that is affordable. Sidewalk will be excited to implement. power-to-gas storage is a promising the same benefits of a vacuum But Sidewalk’s review identified several concept, it is not yet clear that such waste system while accommodating A3-a areas of focus consistent throughout systems are better than traditional additional uses. And Sidewalk will MIXED-INCOME HOUSING the recommendations that may chemical batteries that may be more identify an innovative approach to unnecessarily raise costs or difficulty, versatile. space constraints that still achieves A complete community starts with including an overemphasis on building- important targets, such as obtaining housing affordability. Allocating a

A. PROJECT VISION 25 significant percentage of housing that produce more useable, efficient, to deliver a remarkable range of These building pilots will lay the concept improves upon traditional a shift to an outcome-based building reduce cost and enhance community. partnership. The levers available units as affordable is an integral part and affordable space, in a way that is customized structures and compelling groundwork for greater adoption in the loft buildings by planning explicitly code. The outcome-based system will Sidewalk imagines these spaces for delivering affordability will vary of any solution, but it falls short of a replicable across Toronto and around architecture. These structures consist Eastern Waterfront. for ongoing and frequent interior require buildings in an area (regardless to be a microcosm of a complete based on the full range of housing comprehensive strategy to deliver the world. of a base set of modules that can be changes around a strong skeletal of use) to conform to a series of community: multigenerational, mixed- typologies (social housing, private mixed-income housing. Sidewalk configured into different unit and New building typologies. Sidewalk structure. Its structure will remain safety and quality-of-place metrics income, and diverse. Quayside can rentals, subsidized rentals, home will tackle the challenge in multiple New construction methodologies. building sizes, and finished with will also prototype building typologies flexible over the course of its lifecycle, that will be measured in real-time: serve as the testbed for innovations ownership) and the tenures of ways: using technology to lower There is enormous opportunity to drive a variety of façade types—fully in Quayside that demonstrate new accommodating a radical mix of uses structural integrity, daylight access, that can accelerate this shift and residents occupying them. A partial building costs, designing buildings down the cost of new construction by responsive to unique site conditions levels of adaptability in the built (such as residential, retail, making, air quality, noise levels, energy usage, broaden the appeal of alternative homeownership program might be a that can adapt to changing needs, and applying standardization and industrial and needs. This approach will decrease environment. office, hospitality, and parking) and more. This system will reward occupancy models. perfect fit for a family looking to settle innovating on financing. approaches, such as assembling construction, maintenance, and that can respond quickly to market good performance and incentivize down, whereas a retiree on a fixed buildings from prefabricated renovation costs, as well as expedite The first is a concept Sidewalk is demand. This flexibility will reduce sustainable infrastructure, enable income may require a rental subsidy. Quayside will pilot innovations that components manufactured offsite, delivery timelines, all while maintaining developing called Loft (conceptualized transactional costs, enabling the built buildings to adapt their uses to market Sidewalk proposes to make Quayside advance this strategy to achieve and employing standard and reusable high standards of urban design. below). In many cities, structures environment to grow and evolve with demand (including housing), and a living laboratory for housing policy greater affordability across five product catalogues. built for manufacturing epitomize the community. reflect the increased value of a truly innovation that delivers a mixed- different concepts. These efforts will Specifically, Sidewalk proposes urban rejuvenation because they have mixed-use neighbourhood—one occupancy community that mirrors enable Quayside to experiment with When these innovations are applied dedicated parcels in Quayside for both proven adept at accommodating a Specifically, Sidewalk proposes to hold that is activated with varying uses Toronto’s socioeconomic diversity. capabilities in the built environment at scale, they enable the flexibility modular and tall timber construction. wide variety of changing uses. The Loft an international design competition throughout the day and can support a around Loft in Quayside. In its complete community. New financing models. The Sidewalk Quayside iteration, a Loft pilot could team has a long history of developing A3-b contain parking space that transitions Specifically, Sidewalk proposes to innovative approaches to housing SUSTAINABLE TRANSIT A Flexible Loft for the Future City to other uses once shared mobility outfit buildings in Quayside with the affordability. Several members played reduces private car use. sensors necessary to measure the data key roles in the development and A sustainable transit strategy for the needed to craft the outcome-based implementation of New York City’s Eastern Waterfront must compete New regulatory frameworks. code system before implementing it New Housing Marketplace Plan, with private vehicles even at a site New building typologies require an in the Eastern Waterfront. To ensure which created and preserved more with excellent highway access and innovative approach to the building safety, Sidewalk will work with than 165,000 affordable housing nearby parking options. To realize this codes and zoning ordinances that municipal and provincial agencies units. Some of its most effective objective, Sidewalk will deploy private govern the built environment. In to design informative pilots within components included dedicated car restrictions, traditional transit, and the first half of the 20th century, existing regulatory frameworks. revenue streams (the NYC Housing digital mobility tools to provide the prescriptive measures were necessary Trust Fund) and an expanded Housing most effective choices at lower cost to protect human health, ensure New occupancy models. A recent Development Corporation (the for trips in and around Quayside, and safe buildings, and manage negative shift towards innovative commercial city’s housing bank) to dramatically usher in a new era of urban mobility externalities. Today, cities can and residential occupancy models increase housing options. The plan in the Eastern Waterfront anchored achieve those same goals without the offers new formats, flexibilities, and also implemented New York City’s first around shared, electric, self-driving inefficiency that comes with inflexible opportunities for sharing. Start-ups exploration of inclusionary housing. transit. zoning and static building codes. have created co-working spaces and are exploring co-housing models, in To achieve 20- to 30-percent Mobility within Quayside. Sidewalk’s The Loft structure is designed with a strong skeleton and a flexible interior to accommodate changing building and market needs, enabling radical New predictive modelling techniques which residents self-organize to share affordability across the site will vision for mobility within Quayside mixed-use development to occur more quickly and at lower cost than it does today. and real-time monitoring can enable a greater proportion of amenities to require new forms of public-private begins with dedicating a large

26 RFP NO. 2017–13 A. PROJECT VISION 27 concept improves upon traditional a shift to an outcome-based building reduce cost and enhance community. partnership. The levers available loft buildings by planning explicitly code. The outcome-based system will Sidewalk imagines these spaces for delivering affordability will vary for ongoing and frequent interior require buildings in an area (regardless to be a microcosm of a complete based on the full range of housing changes around a strong skeletal of use) to conform to a series of community: multigenerational, mixed- typologies (social housing, private structure. Its structure will remain safety and quality-of-place metrics income, and diverse. Quayside can rentals, subsidized rentals, home flexible over the course of its lifecycle, that will be measured in real-time: serve as the testbed for innovations ownership) and the tenures of accommodating a radical mix of uses structural integrity, daylight access, that can accelerate this shift and residents occupying them. A partial (such as residential, retail, making, air quality, noise levels, energy usage, broaden the appeal of alternative homeownership program might be a office, hospitality, and parking) and more. This system will reward occupancy models. perfect fit for a family looking to settle that can respond quickly to market good performance and incentivize down, whereas a retiree on a fixed demand. This flexibility will reduce sustainable infrastructure, enable income may require a rental subsidy. transactional costs, enabling the built buildings to adapt their uses to market Sidewalk proposes to make Quayside environment to grow and evolve with demand (including housing), and a living laboratory for housing policy the community. reflect the increased value of a truly innovation that delivers a mixed- mixed-use neighbourhood—one occupancy community that mirrors Specifically, Sidewalk proposes to hold that is activated with varying uses Toronto’s socioeconomic diversity. an international design competition throughout the day and can support a around Loft in Quayside. In its complete community. New financing models. The Sidewalk Quayside iteration, a Loft pilot could team has a long history of developing A3-b contain parking space that transitions Specifically, Sidewalk proposes to innovative approaches to housing SUSTAINABLE TRANSIT to other uses once shared mobility outfit buildings in Quayside with the affordability. Several members played reduces private car use. sensors necessary to measure the data key roles in the development and A sustainable transit strategy for the needed to craft the outcome-based implementation of New York City’s Eastern Waterfront must compete New regulatory frameworks. code system before implementing it New Housing Marketplace Plan, with private vehicles even at a site New building typologies require an in the Eastern Waterfront. To ensure which created and preserved more with excellent highway access and innovative approach to the building safety, Sidewalk will work with than 165,000 affordable housing nearby parking options. To realize this codes and zoning ordinances that municipal and provincial agencies units. Some of its most effective objective, Sidewalk will deploy private govern the built environment. In to design informative pilots within components included dedicated car restrictions, traditional transit, and the first half of the 20th century, existing regulatory frameworks. revenue streams (the NYC Housing digital mobility tools to provide the prescriptive measures were necessary Trust Fund) and an expanded Housing most effective choices at lower cost to protect human health, ensure New occupancy models. A recent Development Corporation (the for trips in and around Quayside, and safe buildings, and manage negative shift towards innovative commercial city’s housing bank) to dramatically usher in a new era of urban mobility externalities. Today, cities can and residential occupancy models increase housing options. The plan in the Eastern Waterfront anchored achieve those same goals without the offers new formats, flexibilities, and also implemented New York City’s first around shared, electric, self-driving inefficiency that comes with inflexible opportunities for sharing. Start-ups exploration of inclusionary housing. transit. zoning and static building codes. have created co-working spaces and are exploring co-housing models, in To achieve 20- to 30-percent Mobility within Quayside. Sidewalk’s New predictive modelling techniques which residents self-organize to share affordability across the site will vision for mobility within Quayside and real-time monitoring can enable a greater proportion of amenities to require new forms of public-private begins with dedicating a large

A. PROJECT VISION 27 portion of the site as a pedestrian area and inviting. In Quayside, Sidewalk Weather Mitigation: Doubling Outdoor Hours barring conventional (non-emergency) will pilot a system that tracks usage vehicles. On Queen’s Quay and Cherry patterns and asset conditions through Toronto baseline conditions Street, which must carry regular sensors, without tracking individuals. 12a traffic, Sidewalk will pilot a new type This system enables site managers to 12p of adaptive traffic light that can hold understand pedestrian and cycling signals to prioritize safety for cyclists flows, locate bottlenecks, and 12a and pedestrians. Sidewalk will work proactively identify repair needs. To Toronto with weather mitigation to include an abundance of Bike Share demonstrate this capability, Sidewalk 12a Toronto stations in the area. Finally, will pilot flexible space allocations Sidewalk will encourage a diverse mix using embedded LED lights, enabling 12p of retailers in Quayside to help people a temporary bike lane to become a meet all daily needs by foot. These pedestrian laneway on demand, for 12a initiatives will create an extremely instance. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec walkable neighbourhood where most Rain Too Hot Comfortable Too Cold trips are made by walking or cycling. Links to the city. For trips between Quayside and downtown, Sidewalk These grids show outdoor comfort conditions every hour of every day over an average year in To encourage the most use of public wants to implement the city’s concept Toronto. Sidewalk’s approach to weather mitigation can create an additional 2, WRWDO FRPIRUWDEOHRXWGRRUhours a year for the waterfront—doubling the current amount—by reducing space for the greatest number of days, of “The Stitch”—improving waterfront the impact of wind, increasing shade on sunny days, and blocking rain. Sidewalk will pilot new approaches connectivity via sidewalks and bike to weather mitigation and asset lanes. Incremental changes can make management in Quayside. Bad weather the Parliament and Cherry Street to serve Quayside, providing a direct will use sensors to detect pedestrians affects pedestrians and cyclists more underpasses more attractive, but connection to the Bloor-Danforth line. and cyclists and ensure they get than drivers, pulling Torontonians off Sidewalk also envisions a significant priority at the intersection. the streets and into the underground investment to create a visible, For trips outside Quayside that cannot PATH system, or nudging them into attractive, and iconic link to the be made conveniently by walking, Critical to these strategies is ensuring cars. To encourage walking and cycling waterfront. cycling, or transit, Sidewalk envisions that people have easy access to all trips in all weather conditions, Sidewalk concepts that will mitigate the negative of their mobility options, a concept will test retractable canopies over The most effective approach to impacts of car trips. Shared-ride taxi known as mobility-as-a-service. walkways, and a heated pavement serving trips into downtown will be services can provide quality service Sidewalk plans to incorporate all system beneath sidewalks and bike to extend the 501 and 514 streetcar while encouraging high vehicle Quayside-specific services into an paths to melt snow. Sidewalk’s analysis routes, an idea that Sidewalk will occupancy. Electric shared vehicles API that can surface these options in suggests that managing wind, sun, and seek to explore in collaboration with (using the Zipcar or Car2Go models) a variety of navigation apps, such as precipitation can double the number of the Toronto Transit Commission. This can facilitate car trips while reducing Google Maps and Transit App. daylight hours when it is comfortable upgrade will provide frequent and auto ownership. For visitors who have to be outside (see inset graphic). fast service to King Street and along no good driving alternative, Sidewalk is Through these efforts, Sidewalk Queen’s Quay, linking Quayside to developing parking technology to make expects Quayside to achieve a world- Sidewalk will also build tools to ensure Union Station. Sidewalk will also work fast curbside drop-offs and pick-ups class level of car-free urban mobility, that the public realm is attractive with TTC to extend the Route 65 bus easy. In all cases, adaptive traffic lights with ownership rates of less than 20

28 RFP NO. 2017–13 percent among Quayside residents— potential ferry connections, and the to balance individual and system In Quayside, Sidewalk will work closely lower than most of downtown Relief Line. Such a system will benefit efficiency, dramatically enhancing the with Waterfront Toronto and local Toronto. That rate will save families the public realm dramatically: on a performance of urban streets. partners to enable a dynamic range thousands of dollars a year, reduce the street where all vehicles yield the right of local, independent, and diverse neighbourhood’s carbon footprint, and of way to people, pedestrian safety Freight transit. Sidewalk’s approach to amenities to activate the public realm, cut the number of necessary parking comes first. urban freight also involves self-driving support residents and workers, attract spaces in half, opening more space technology. In Quayside, Sidewalk will visitors, and contribute to high-quality for the critical elements of a complete Sidewalk will explore partnerships, pilot an internal robot delivery system placemaking. Key to Sidewalk’s community: affordable housing, the including with its sibling company via its utility channels. Robotic delivery approach is to provide radical flexibility public realm, and local amenities. Waymo, to test multiple types of is in its infancy and requires exploring at much lower cost, attracting the self-driving vehicles on the Eastern trade-offs in terms of cost, delivery most innovative amenity concepts Waterfront. These could include a time, and convenience. Sidewalk from across Toronto and North small van of six-to-twelve seats, which envisions offering an internal delivery America. Critically, it will lower the would be appropriate for low-density system to all businesses and residents barrier for new entrants and enable the transit routes. Another option is a in Quayside, and will seek to expand a community gathering places that have personal vehicle more like a bike than successful system to the entire Eastern become increasingly important in the a car in size. In the near term, Sidewalk Waterfront. digital age. The future of urban mobility. The also sees the opportunity to use these most exciting part of Sidewalk’s vehicles to serve the public during the The flexible built environment. mobility strategy for Quayside is that it summer months as a shuttle between A3-c Retail is fundamentally changing, with serves as a testing ground for advanced the Cherry Beach and the Distillery RETAIL, CULTURAL, AND on-demand delivery requiring smaller, deployment in the Eastern Waterfront, District, filling a transportation need COMMUNITY AMENITIES more specialized stores and flexible which offers the space and scale to while introducing Torontonians to this stock. One concept Sidewalk will seek reinvent urban mobility using the most technology. Some single-person self- Developers have traditionally treated to develop in Quayside is the idea of revolutionary technology development driving vehicles might eventually be retail, cultural, and community the highly flexible storefront. Sidewalk’s in transportation since the jet engine: integrated into an elevated transport amenities as a matter of simple flexible Loft concept will enable retail the self-driving vehicle. system, such as a gondola. Of course, curation, but the digital transformation spaces to expand or collapse quickly, all tests of self-driving technology will of these areas enables a different and at low costs, as the population Sidewalk believes self-driving vehicles require close coordination with Ontario approach to their delivery. Online sales grows and retail trends change. Loft will feel and function more like transit policymakers and regulators. have upended brick-and-mortar retail; also enables interior spaces to be than like the private automobile. A artists are experimenting across media reconfigured to meet retailer needs and shared-ride taxibot network can offer Sidewalk also envisions a new and collaborating across disciplines; market demands. the advantages of point-to-point urban traffic system for the Eastern more and more public services are service with space and fuel economies Waterfront called the Ground Traffic being driven by data. Food trucks Sidewalk seeks to make Quayside approaching that of the city bus, Control System. Building on the notwithstanding, ideas for providing the desired location of innovative replacing private cars while supporting adaptive traffic signals and parking these amenities are stuck on the retail concepts merging the physical transit enhancements such as further technology tested in Quayside, as well standard 10-year retail lease, the shopping experience with the digital, streetcar extensions, the planned new as onboard navigation in self-driving purpose-built concert hall, and the such as Amazon Go, a brick-and- Metrolinx station at East Harbour, vehicles, GTCS will optimize routes static clinic. mortar supermarket that automatically

A. PROJECT VISION 29 bills shoppers for their cart contents set of outdoor “rooms” that would be can help these services become more A4 there is a motivated public sector institute will provide a collaborative to locate a research-and-development Sidewalk will partner with large tech without the need for a checkout line. conducive to the needs of performers, flexible and responsive to individual with an active interest in innovation. arena to explore, innovate, test, and facility for self-driving vehicles in employers and local institutions to Sidewalk is also exploring the concept craft sellers, and other innovators. needs. Sidewalk’s Care Lab, for The new Vector Institute for artificial create new products and technologies. the area to be close to test sites. A establish an advanced skills training of a “next-gen bazaar”—a flexible example, is exploring ways to integrate Economic intelligence, to which Alphabet Cleantech firms developing building ride-sharing company may choose to program—a target identified in the makerspace filled with dozens of The nimble cultural institute. primary care and social services data Development and has committed 5 million CAD, is a controls can work with behavioural pilot new services. But the cluster will recent federal budget—where workers easily removable stalls that can house Visual and performing artists are to deliver more proactive healthcare Prosperity microcosm of what happens when all scientists to understand habit extend beyond core mobility products. can develop high-demand skillsets a dynamic range of retail and cultural increasingly working across disciplines, to city residents. This delivery model these threads start to weave a new formation. Hardware startups New companies in areas like financial for the digital economy. Sidewalk will activities. Flexible space can also and presenters around the world can enhance Ontario’s Community A4-a cluster. developing self-driving vehicle sensors services, operations, infrastructure, work with the Waterfront Toronto support new approaches to community need to look beyond traditional Hubs program, which brings together JOB CREATION CAPACITY can work with crowd researchers to technology, and energy will gather or Employment Initiative to identify talent services such as health and education, facilities to showcase work and build multiple services in one location; in To catalyze a cluster around the urban predict movement patterns on busy emerge to provide related services. from the surrounding neighbourhoods from urgent-care clinics that pop-up audiences. An auditorium may not Quayside, Sidewalk will work with A cluster is a geographic concentration innovation platform in Quayside, streets. As urban innovations succeed, Insurance companies might use the for technology training programs, during a flu outbreak to temporary be the right venue for an interactive local providers to build a digital social of companies, institutions, and Sidewalk will provide an initial other cities will implement the data-rich environment to explore as well as broader employment classrooms that can relieve pressure on performance, nor a gallery the right service tool that can enable more entrepreneurs working in a specific anchor through a commitment from technologies incubated in Quayside, new underwriting models. Cleantech opportunities created by the cluster. school buildings. space for a multimedia exhibition. personalized care. field. Successful clusters increase Alphabet to move Google’s Canadian creating a positive feedback loop that companies might deploy new types And by offering programs geared In New York City, a new institution, productivity, give rise to new headquarters to the (DVWHUQ draws in yet more entrepreneurs, and of charging stations for self-driving toward school children, the training The Shed, is dedicated to the notion Encouraging mutual assistance. businesses, and accelerate innovation :DWHUIURQW. Google’s presence will turning the institute into a global hub electric vehicles. effort can inspire the next generation that technology enables new types A flexible community is also one through a density of talent, the ability lend the neighbourhood commercial for the study of urban life. of technology entrepreneurs in of artistic collaboration and dynamic that makes it easy for neigKbours to to recruit newcomers, and heightened and innovation credibility. In other Placemaking and addition to training today’s workforce. performances; its telescoping shell collaborate with each other, and competition. Initial job anchors can locations, Google has created a To further catalyze a cluster around planning in Quayside can expand or contract via rails to for residents to communicate with ignite a cluster, with an inner ring of multiplier impact, generating these anchors, Sidewalk will seek to itself will also drive the At its peak, Quayside can become accommodate an ever-changing local officials. In Quayside, Sidewalk professional jobs drawn to strong additional job growth or relocation. foster a collaborative environment for innovation cluster. The the anchor of Toronto’s innovation mix of performance, music, and will pilot a neighbourhood assistant talent, and an outer ring of indirect jobs startups and other young companies same neighbourhood qualities that will ecosystem. But once this living visual art. That principle of radical tool to facilitate social cooperation and multipliers serving the ecosystem. As a secondary anchor, Sidewalk will (discussed more in A4-c). Sidewalk make Quayside so compelling to future laboratory expands to the scale of flexibility can be extended across and civic engagement. The tool will Silicon Valley is a perfect example: the work with local institutions such as expects the platform’s fundamental residents will make it attractive to best- the Eastern Waterfront, Toronto The programmable public realm. Quayside, allowing a permeability of provide a one-stop access point for a combination of Stanford research and the University of Toronto and Ryerson conditions to be attractive to all in-class employers and knowledge- will become the urban innovation Cities thrive on public activity and temporary and permanent culture and variety of service requests—working military funding catalyzed what is now University to establish an urban types of digital-economy companies, economy workers: an active public anchor for the world, generating new dynamism. The most exciting ways public art anticipated to exceed the toward the next generation of 311. the world’s foremost digital technology innovation institute, bringing together with particularly high levels of realm, an ever-changing mix of retail economic activity from unexpected to activate the public realm are often 30,000-square-foot arts and culture Quayside residents will be able to cluster. academia, industry, government, and interest from Toronto-based startups and cultural amenities, a robust places. The film industry in Toronto a mix of traditional uses in flexible requirement outlined in the Quayside use the neighbourhood assistant for entrepreneurs to address the growth exploring cleantech and building walking and cycling infrastructure, shows how public-sector vision can spaces: the cafe that puts tables on the Draft Vision Document. maintenance or sanitation requests, Toronto has all the raw materials challenges facing cities. This applied materials innovations, and Kitchener- and a culture of innovation. This catalyze a cluster, producing direct sidewalk, the teacher who uses a park for instance, or to report an issue with necessary to spark an urban innovation research institute can create a talent Waterloo ventures focusing on growing economic activity will create jobs (such as film crews and special for nature lessons, the artist who turns Data-driven social services. their local playground. hub, including a diverse community, pipeline and a real-time knowledge- robot manufacturing and artificial additional jobs necessary to support effects artists) and indirect jobs (such a street corner into a stage. Building on In addition to retail and cultural an openness to global talent, and exchange with pioneering companies, intelligence. the population, including service jobs. as carpenters and caterers). That a robust system of asset monitoring, amenities, a complete community Through its close collaboration with an attractive lifestyle. It is home to a just as Stanford does with digital example offers only a glimpse of what Sidewalk can make areas of the public requires a robust set of local services, Waterfront Toronto, Sidewalk will work highly educated workforce surrounded startups in Silicon Valley, and Cornell The breadth of disciplines and business Part of growing an inclusive urban is possible in an urban innovation realm reservable for a wide range of including schools and libraries, primary to ensure that public feedback plays by great institutes of higher learning. Tech does with engineers in New York. types that emerge in Quayside will innovation cluster means making sure cluster that cuts across many, many temporary uses without impinging on healthcare facilities, and child-care a core role in its approach to retail, There is a burgeoning tech presence, reflect just how many fields touch on that the opportunities it creates are more disciplines. In time, the Eastern the public’s overall needs. Sidewalk providers. In Quayside, the digital layer cultural, and community amenities in boosted by proximity to the software As new questions, problems, barriers, urban life. Take mobility as one area of accessible to all Torontonians. To build Waterfront will become a fully plans to design into the public realm a of Sidewalk’s urban innovation platform Quayside. industry in Kitchener-Waterloo. And and opportunities emerge daily in the focus. A car manufacturer might want upon Toronto’s existing talent base, diversified economic engine—capable living laboratory of Quayside, the 30 RFP NO. 2017–13 A. PROJECT VISION 31 there is a motivated public sector institute will provide a collaborative to locate a research-and-development Sidewalk will partner with large tech with an active interest in innovation. arena to explore, innovate, test, and facility for self-driving vehicles in employers and local institutions to The new Vector Institute for artificial create new products and technologies. the area to be close to test sites. A establish an advanced skills training intelligence, to which Alphabet Cleantech firms developing building ride-sharing company may choose to program—a target identified in the has committed 5 million CAD, is a controls can work with behavioural pilot new services. But the cluster will recent federal budget—where workers microcosm of what happens when all scientists to understand habit extend beyond core mobility products. can develop high-demand skillsets these threads start to weave a new formation. Hardware startups New companies in areas like financial for the digital economy. Sidewalk will cluster. developing self-driving vehicle sensors services, operations, infrastructure, work with the Waterfront Toronto can work with crowd researchers to technology, and energy will gather or Employment Initiative to identify talent To catalyze a cluster around the urban predict movement patterns on busy emerge to provide related services. from the surrounding neighbourhoods innovation platform in Quayside, streets. As urban innovations succeed, Insurance companies might use the for technology training programs, Sidewalk will provide an initial other cities will implement the data-rich environment to explore as well as broader employment anchor through a commitment from technologies incubated in Quayside, new underwriting models. Cleantech opportunities created by the cluster. Alphabet to move Google’s Canadian creating a positive feedback loop that companies might deploy new types And by offering programs geared headquarters to the (DVWHUQ draws in yet more entrepreneurs, and of charging stations for self-driving toward school children, the training :DWHUIURQW. Google’s presence will turning the institute into a global hub electric vehicles. effort can inspire the next generation lend the neighbourhood commercial for the study of urban life. of technology entrepreneurs in and innovation credibility. In other Placemaking and addition to training today’s workforce. locations, Google has created a To further catalyze a cluster around planning in Quayside multiplier impact, generating these anchors, Sidewalk will seek to itself will also drive the At its peak, Quayside can become additional job growth or relocation. foster a collaborative environment for innovation cluster. The the anchor of Toronto’s innovation startups and other young companies same neighbourhood qualities that will ecosystem. But once this living As a secondary anchor, Sidewalk will (discussed more in A4-c). Sidewalk make Quayside so compelling to future laboratory expands to the scale of work with local institutions such as expects the platform’s fundamental residents will make it attractive to best- the Eastern Waterfront, Toronto the University of Toronto and Ryerson conditions to be attractive to all in-class employers and knowledge- will become the urban innovation University to establish an urban types of digital-economy companies, economy workers: an active public anchor for the world, generating new innovation institute, bringing together with particularly high levels of realm, an ever-changing mix of retail economic activity from unexpected academia, industry, government, and interest from Toronto-based startups and cultural amenities, a robust places. The film industry in Toronto entrepreneurs to address the growth exploring cleantech and building walking and cycling infrastructure, shows how public-sector vision can challenges facing cities. This applied materials innovations, and Kitchener- and a culture of innovation. This catalyze a cluster, producing direct research institute can create a talent Waterloo ventures focusing on growing economic activity will create jobs (such as film crews and special pipeline and a real-time knowledge- robot manufacturing and artificial additional jobs necessary to support effects artists) and indirect jobs (such exchange with pioneering companies, intelligence. the population, including service jobs. as carpenters and caterers). That just as Stanford does with digital example offers only a glimpse of what startups in Silicon Valley, and Cornell The breadth of disciplines and business Part of growing an inclusive urban is possible in an urban innovation Tech does with engineers in New York. types that emerge in Quayside will innovation cluster means making sure cluster that cuts across many, many reflect just how many fields touch on that the opportunities it creates are more disciplines. In time, the Eastern As new questions, problems, barriers, urban life. Take mobility as one area of accessible to all Torontonians. To build Waterfront will become a fully and opportunities emerge daily in the focus. A car manufacturer might want upon Toronto’s existing talent base, diversified economic engine—capable living laboratory of Quayside, the A. PROJECT VISION 31 of driving Canada into a new frontier of archetypes, including a Tier 1 city with transportation costs (walkable urban and a 90 percent reduction in landfill growth in the 21st-century economy. conditions reasonably comparable to design, radical mixed-use, and shared waste generation, relative to Toronto’s Toronto. For each location, Sidewalk mobility reduce the need for car- current measures. The scale of the Sidewalk estimates that, at full build, examined platform conditions and ownership), lower-cost utilities (pay- Eastern Waterfront makes it possible the Quayside neighborhood will house launch concepts similar to those per-usage systems incentivize lower to incorporate massive sources of heat more than 5,500 jobs and generate proposed in A1-c on a site comparable consumption while decreasing cost), and cool into the system, exporting more than 50 million CAD of annual in size to the Eastern Waterfront. Using and lower general cost of living. Based significant thermal energy to the rest of property taxes. And depending these feasibility studies, Sidewalk on its feasibility studies, Sidewalk the city and achieving climate-positive on the scope of the development developed detailed projections on a expects Torontonians to reduce cost performance. program agreed upon by Sidewalk and comprehensive set of quality-of-life of living by 10 percent or more in a Waterfront Toronto for the Eastern measures, including cost of living, job revitalized Eastern Waterfront, with a Convenience and transport. In Waterfront, its impact on jobs and tax growth, carbon emissions, walkability, large share of savings coming from the Sidewalk’s feasibility study of large- generation when fully built could be green space, and commute time 1,400 CAD per month families spend scale innovation sites, the combination ten times that of Quayside. savings. In all three study locations, on transportation. of radical mixed-use (bringing Sidewalk’s urban innovation platform jobs closer to homes) and a public enabled a significant improvement Environment and climate. In its realm conducive to walking and A4-b on quality of life compared with the district-scale feasibility study, Sidewalk biking encouraged far more active PROSPERITY surrounding metropolitan area. projected a 73 percent reduction in transportation and decreased the greenhouse gas emissions per capita amount of time spent in daily travel. Waterfront Toronto and Sidewalk Based on those feasibility studies, compared to the surrounding metro The study projected that residents share ambitions of turning the Eastern Sidewalk expects to see incremental area. In Toronto, deploying similar would be 10 times more likely to take Waterfront into the most innovative improvements on quality of life during innovations, Sidewalk believes it is walking trips in a district comparable urban district in the world. But if these the Quayside neighbourhood pilot, feasible for Quayside to approach to the Eastern Waterfront than in innovations do not lead to substantial and transformative gains across every carbon-neutrality, and for the Eastern the surrounding city, and would save quality-of-life improvements for dimension when coordinated solutions Waterfront to realize Waterfront one full hour on daily travel, primarily residents, workers, and visitors, the are deployed at scale across the Toronto’s climate-positive goal. The through shorter commutes. On the endeavour will have failed. Eastern Waterfront. greatest reductions stem from energy Eastern Waterfront, Sidewalk estimates efficiency and the flexible thermal a substantial increase from the 10 Of course, it is hard to know how urban Cost of living. In the feasibility study grid; with these savings, Quayside percent of trips taken by foot or bike in innovations will impact quality of life of a district-scale site comparable buildings can be virtually carbon- Toronto today, and a sizeable reduction in a real-world environment, since to the Eastern Waterfront, Sidewalk neutral, reflecting a 95 percent in the city’s 66-minute average daily no place in the world truly integrates projected a 14 percent cost of living reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, commute. cutting-edge urban design with state- reduction for a family of four compared even against Waterfront Toronto’s of-the-art technology. To explore how with the surrounding metro area, a aggressive MGBR baseline. Beyond its urban innovation platform and savings of more than 17,700 USD per greenhouse gases, Sidewalk expects concepts would perform in different year. These savings came primarily to achieve significant reductions settings, Sidewalk conducted rigorous through lower rents (more efficient in other environmental impacts, feasibility studies on three American buildings allow residents to live just as including a 65 percent reduction in locations, representing distinct urban comfortably with less space), lower the consumption of potable water

32 RFP NO. 2017–13 innovation marketplace that attracts an Civic engagement. Sidewalk’s to integrate digital and physical Green space. In large-scale sites increasing share of Toronto residents feasibility study estimated that infrastructure, the Quayside comparable to the Eastern Waterfront, and entrepreneurs. Ubiquitous residents in a large-scale district development will make it easy for early- Sidewalk’s urban innovation platform connectivity across the waterfront comparable to the Eastern Waterfront stage companies to experiment with led to the projected creation of two will improve digital inclusivity, and a would show increased rates of new concepts that can address urban to five times more green space than commitment to training residents for volunteering and neighbourhood growth challenges. The platform’s in surrounding metropolitan areas, the tech jobs of tomorrow provides engagement compared with the digital layer, which collects data on the primarily because on-demand, self- more access to opportunities. surrounding metro area. These urban environment via sensors, will be driving mobility enables a community increases were rooted in the governed by open standards, providing to repurpose land once used for neighbourhood’s more convenient well-designed, well-documented, and roads and parking as green space. mobility systems, its more flexible well-supported APIs to third-party Similar achievements in the Eastern public spaces (decreasing barriers developers. Platform components and Waterfront would put all residents to finding volunteer opportunities), applications will be published under within a five-minute walk of a park. and a neighbourhood assistant tool open-source licences where doing so Sidewalk believes the Eastern to facilitate community interactions. results in significant additional value Waterfront can aspire toward the 51 Health. In Sidewalk’s feasibility studies, When similar initiatives are to the ecosystem as a whole. The percent green space coverage found in the proposed built environment implemented along the waterfront, platform’s flexible physical layer will one feasibility study site—though even integrated health and well-being Sidewalk expects to meaningfully be an asset, too, given how hard it half that would represent a significant into everyday life. Sidewalk achieved increase volunteer rates over the can be to test innovations that involve improvement over the 13 percent of a projected 100 Walkability score, Toronto average. utilities or the built environment in land currently dedicated to green enabled largely by radical mixed-use, traditional cities. The establishment of space in greater Toronto. creating a public realm conducive to strong job anchors such as Google will active transportation. Walking, cycling, A4-c further entice entrepreneurs, providing SUPPORT Business opportunity. In a large- and shared electric vehicles cut FOR INNOVATION employment options to fall back on if a scale site comparable to Toronto’s harmful transportation emissions by a venture fails, as many inevitably do. Eastern Waterfront, Sidewalk’s urban projected 67 percent compared with Toronto is home to thousands of innovation platform drove a projected the surrounding metro area. Advances tech startups, many of which will be Early-stage support. In addition to 10 percent bump in labour force in telehealth and the expansion of eager to seize upon the opportunities establishing the urban innovation participation and doubled the number hyper-local pop-up clinics made access in Quayside created by the urban platform, Sidewalk has explored of freelancers, primarily through a to healthcare more convenient. The innovation platform. Sidewalk’s a series of approaches to attract greater prevalence of non-traditional, combined effect was a more active, approach to engaging early-stage entrepreneurs, early-stage companies, flexible working arrangements. From a healthy pool of residents, resulting in companies centres around keeping and complementary professionals and business perspective, flexible building improved outcomes and lower costs the platform as open as possible to institutions. For instance, Sidewalk design and modular construction for the system. Sidewalk expects encourage the most creation and will explore ways for early-stage methodologies reduced barriers to similar targets to be achievable on the collaboration with the fewest barriers companies to deploy innovations to entering a market, with 12.5 percent Eastern Waterfront, putting its goal of to entry. “alpha” communities of early adopters savings on commercial fit-out costs. In becoming a WELL-certified community who opt in, leading to faster testing Toronto, the urban innovation platform within reach. Open principles. As the first and iteration of new urban innovations. will create the conditions for an urban neighbourhood in the world Sidewalk will also look to provide early-

A. PROJECT VISION 33 stage companies with makerspace to identified many Canadian companies test new materials or manufacturing with products and services relevant capabilities—perhaps through the to Waterfront Toronto’s goals for the urban innovation institute. Critically, Eastern Waterfront that may be worth these capabilities will give creators the early investment consideration. These ability to build, decorate, and furnish include Toronto-based companies the neighbourhood, and to generate focused on sustainability innovations revenue along the way. around energy-efficient lighting and energy storage. This list also Additional programs will seek to includes several Kitchener-based increase the workspace options companies exploring data-driven available to young companies. One tools with relevance to the urban approach might be to provide free or environment, including explorations low-cost co-working space for qualified around indoor mapping, robot startups for a limited period, perhaps manufacturing, traffic data, and 12 to 24 months. Another might be health sensors. to pursue live-work and mixed-use buildings that can further reduce rental As early-stage companies launch and (and commuting) cost for companies scale in Quayside, they will and their employees. A third possibility complement the initial economic might involve collaborating with anchors and help jumpstart Toronto’s industry and service-provider partners urban innovation cluster. critical to early-stage company formation, such as legal or accounting services, likely in partnership with the urban innovation institute.

VC investments. A key barrier to the success of early-stage companies in Toronto is access to leadership talent and growth capital. Sidewalk will create opportunities for marquee North American VCs (and their talent networks) to participate directly in the funding of innovations.

In Quayside, Sidewalk’s team will scan the marketplace and engage relevant early-stage companies. An initial scan

34 RFP NO. 2017–13 Appendix A Neighbourhood from the Internet Up

1. Introduction 8

2. A New Kind of Neighbourhood 16

3. Reimagining the Eastern Waterfront 32

4. Purposeful Solutions 62

Digital Layer 64

Sustainability 80

Buildings and Afordability 106

Mobility 130

5. Technical Appendix 160

Sidewalk Labs has included this appendix to share more detail on its close study of waterfront history, its approach toward digital and physical innovation in Quayside, and its theory on why these applications will transform urban life Introduction once deployed across the Eastern Waterfront. Specifcally, this appendix shows more of the work underpinning the innovation concepts and conclusions described in Section A1-c (“Purposeful Solutions”), including roadmaps to their further development in partnership with Waterfront Toronto. This appendix also includes a Technical Appendix further responding to the prompt in Section A2-d requesting an economic and technical feasibility review of the Quayside Draft Vision Document (“Toward a Regenerative Waterfront”). Sidewalk Labs has included this appendix to share more detail on its close study of waterfront history, its approach toward digital and physical innovation in Quayside, and its theory on why these applications will transform urban life once deployed across the Eastern Waterfront. Specifcally, this appendix shows more of the work underpinning the innovation concepts and conclusions described in Section A1-c (“Purposeful Solutions”), including roadmaps to their further development in partnership with Waterfront Toronto. This appendix also includes a Technical Appendix further responding to the prompt in Section A2-d requesting an economic and technical feasibility review of the Quayside Draft Vision Document (“Toward a Regenerative Waterfront”). INTRODUCTION Toronto: A Dynamic City Stepping Ahead

TO LIVE IN TORONTO TODAY IS TO EXPECT CHANGE. The city is in the midst They are celebrating the city’s excellent public schools and libraries and of a transformation that is not only intensifying its urban centre but institutes of higher education as a key driver of upward mobility. And linking it to an entire region spanning the shores of Lake Ontario. As they are clamoring for a city style that is dense and energized, mixed and its neighbourhoods become denser and towers grow taller, Toronto is messy, civil yet inspiring. straining against its aging infrastructure and the traditionally sluggish pace Toronto is a city of neighbourhoods, and if it hopes to meet its growth of urban change. challenges—with several million people expected to join the metro area But the conditions are right for Toronto to overcome these challenges and in the next 25 years—it will need new ones that meet these aspirations. gain wide recognition as the great global hub that its heavily immigrant That means turning to the Eastern Waterfront as the city’s next great population already knows it to be. A metamorphosis is underway, and it neighbourhood frontier. is palpable throughout the city. New people with new talents are bringing New communities will need to emerge along the water. These communities new ideas. New energy is being channeled into change. will need to be forward-looking, incorporating the best traditional urban Any local will tell you that the next decade is pivotal. The best ending to forms with the latest planning designs and digital technology. Fortunately this story is not Toronto becoming the next New York or San Francisco. It these communities will not have to look far for inspiration. They can borrow is Toronto becoming a better version of what it has always strived to be: a from the street-level variety of Leslieville and Riverdale, the sustainability and city that works—for everyone. vibrancy of the Canary District, the mixed-housing and public space of St. Lawrence Market. The pressures pushing against this ideal of inclusive growth are mounting, but so, too, is an appreciation for what makes the city special. People The waterfront has all the assets to achieve its goals. are rediscovering its waterfront and ravines—the twin topographies that What it needs now is a jump start. shape the city. They are pushing for a pedestrian realm that encourages social cohesion and a transit system that does not require life with a car.

10 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX 2

5

3 4

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1. Harbourfront Centre meets Queens Quay West. 2. Air Canada Centre. 3. The Wavedecks at the foot of Simcoe Street. 4. Entice Culinary Lounge nestled in West Queen West. 5. Spadina Avenue, Chinatown. 6. Tank House Lane. Credit: Mark Wickens

INTRODUCTION 11 INTRODUCTION Sidewalk Labs: Where the Physical Place Meets a New Approach

SIDEWALK LABS WAS FORMED TO HELP FAST-GROWING CITIES meet the very Building new neighbourhoods from the internet up is a remarkable challenges that Toronto is facing today. Its mission is to take the great opportunity to embed emerging digital capabilities into core infrastructure principles of urban planning—the same ones Toronto has outlined from the start. Physical spaces like buildings, streets, and parks can be in its growth plan for the core, such as afordability, inclusivity, and designed for the opportunities that technology present, rather than forced to sustainability—and accelerate them into the digital age. retroft new advances very slowly and at great cost. By merging the physical and the digital into a neighbourhood’s foundation, people are empowered Over the past 200 years, the greatest leaps forward in urban life have with the tools to adapt to future problems no one can anticipate. occurred at the intersection of new technology and the physical environment. The steam engine, electricity, and the automobile all Such a place quickly becomes a living laboratory for urban innovation. transformed how people live in cities today. These advances were not Given the speed of technological change, cities will only meet their growth without their drawbacks, of course, but they fundamentally changed the challenges if they support innovation not right now but 10, 20, and 50 years capabilities of cities. ahead. To do so requires designing for radical fexibility, enabling the best ideas to be refned in real time and creating a cycle of ongoing improvement The world is on the cusp of a fourth revolution in urban technology every driven by the feedback of residents and the energy of entrepreneurs, rather bit as powerful as the previous ones, driven by ubiquitous connectivity, than prescribed by planners and designers. machine learning, and new advances in design and digital fabrication. But as Toronto knows, cities do not have time to wait for transportation to Of course, the objective is not to showcase technology for its own sake. become cleaner and more convenient, for housing prices to decline, for Instead, it is to enable what is best about cities—direct human interaction— job opportunities to grow. The pace of urban change is too slow. without imposing the barriers that prevent people from connecting and limit their access to the city’s many resources. Technology can help create To overcome this challenge, Sidewalk started with a question: What could complete communities that are highly interactive and accessible to all, today’s cities look like if they were built from scratch in the internet age? freeing residents from the constraints imposed by the heavy infrastructure What emerged from this thought experiment was not a series of answers: and spatial hierarchies of the last century. there are no simple solutions to the problems of urban growth. Instead it is a new approach that sees cities as platforms for urban innovation that In that sense, Sidewalk’s mission is not to create a city of the future at all. It is create the conditions for people to build, test, and refne new ideas that to create the future of cities. can improve quality of life. The Eastern Waterfront is the ideal location to demonstrate the power of forward-thinking urban design and technological innovation. Credit: Mark Wickens

12 RFPRFP NO NO. .2017-13 2017-13APPENDIX APPENDIX INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION 13 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX INTRODUCTION 13

A neighbourhood from the internet up combines the advantages of a global city with a close-knit community. It leverages innovation to achieve the benefts of urban density and vibrancy without the negative frictions A New Kind of that traditionally come with urban growth, from trafc congestion to housing costs to environmental impacts. This new kind of neighbourhood will be a complete Neighbourhood community: socially and economically diverse, radically mixed-use, empowered by technology and data to make things work better, and oriented around a pedestrian-centred public realm made possible by self-driving vehicles. A neighbourhood from the internet up combines the advantages of a global city with a close-knit community. It leverages innovation to achieve the benefts of urban density and vibrancy without the negative frictions that traditionally come with urban growth, from trafc congestion to housing costs to environmental impacts. This new kind of neighbourhood will be a complete community: socially and economically diverse, radically mixed-use, empowered by technology and data to make things work better, and oriented around a pedestrian-centred public realm made possible by self-driving vehicles. A NEW KIND OF NEIGHBOURHOOD Innovation at the Physical and Digital Layers

AT THE HEART OF SIDEWALK’S APPROACH to building a neighbourhood from the internet up is viewing it as a platform that integrates the physical environment with digital technology, creating the core conditions for urban innovation.

Traditionally, the physical components of a city have been fxed into place from the start, constraining new development as they become outdated and costly to upgrade. A growing city must have built-in fexibility to support ongoing innovation, and the ability to adjust as technology, market cycles, and urban lifestyles move in new directions.

Sidewalk envisions a physical layer that is far more adaptable and open to change than what is found in cities today. The four key components to this layer—fexible buildings, people-frst streets, an adaptable public realm, and open utility infrastructure—are explored in greater detail in this section.

Threaded through all these components is the platform’s digital layer—a new and transformative element. Distributed throughout the neighbourhood via sensors and other connected technology, the digital layer provides an unprecedented degree of insight into the physical environment. And with heightened ability to measure the neighbourhood comes better ways to manage it.

This capacity to evolve in response to new thinking will help Toronto meet the unforeseen challenges of the future.

18 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX DIGITAL LAYER

Digital Layer

BUILDINGS Buildings

Mobility MOBILITY

Public Realm PHYSICAL LAYER PHYSICAL PUBLIC REALM

Infrastructure

INFRASTRUCTURE

A NEW KIND OF NEIGHBOURHOOD 19

A NEW KIND OF NEIGHBOURHOOD WhatWhat MakesMakes ThisThis NeighbourhoodNeighbourhood DiDifferent?erent? Streets That Put People First

STREETS ARE A NEIGHBOURHOOD’S MOST IMPORTANT SPACES. designed around controlling the behaviour of human-operated cars. Instead, land once used for parking and road separation can go toward Roads shape the character and identity of any neighbourhood, but since greater space for biking and walking, and reducing the distances the invention of the automobile, street networks have put cars frst. between destinations. Bike highways will connect across and between Sidewalk believes in designing streets with people at the forefront, and neighbourhoods, providing pleasant and scenic express routes that self-driving mobility makes this paradigm shift possible. incorporate weather protection against rain and snow. Self-driving vehicles can be accessed at any location, making it possible for This new type of neighbourhood reimagines the historic walking city as a the neighbourhood to have a non-hierarchical, decentralized form where healthy and welcoming streetscape where self-driving vehicles navigate many activities can happen in many places, untethered from the traditional safely in a shared space with pedestrians. Each street type (explained central transit hub. In short, they turn every corner into a bus stop. Their at right) will refect a human orientation in its scale and speed—large operation also ensures a dramatic change in pedestrian safety, via collective enough not to be crowded but small enough not to be alienating. efciency and constant sensor-enabled monitoring of the environment. Together, they can be arranged in a variety of ways to ensure that mobility At the same time, pedestrians and cyclists will have a freer, more remains convenient into, out of, and within the neighbourhood, while accessible environment because the entire street system is no longer enhancing the public realm for everyone.

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Traditional Transit Oriented Development Mobility New Neighbourhood Mobility

22 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX What Makes This Neighbourhood Diferent?

Avenues Laneways Promenades

As the most grand of the neighbourhood’s streets, avenues Laneways will be where the bulk of people spend their As the most intimate street type, promenades provide places create easily traversable but active boundaries between time, and their bustling mix of uses—mobility, commerce, for play, relaxation, and connections to homes and small areas. They are spaces of transition—from vehicle to foot, and recreation—will refect their central role in the life of multi-functional spaces. Over time, through personalization from building to outdoors. neighbourhood residents, workers, and visitors. by locals, they take on their own distinct appeal.

A NEW KIND OF NEIGHBOURHOOD 23 A NEW KIND OF NEIGHBOURHOOD What Makes This Neighbourhood Diferent? Adaptable and Integrated Public Realm

A NEW SYSTEM OF HIERARCHICAL STREETS makes it possible to think about Technology enables greater fexibility in these new spaces, encouraging the public realm diferently. Rather than open space acting as an escape greater and more varied use of public space. Actively managed and from the neighbourhood, the public realm will be a core element— reservable outdoor spaces will be available for pop-ups, food trucks, integrated, not divorced, from the daily activity of residents. This shared performances, exhibitions, and individuals alike. Customizable stalls that public space will be interwoven into both the urban form and the evoke the bazaars of an earlier time will showcase a range of retail or surrounding area: fexible and always close at hand. cultural experiences that might not ft cleanly into the above categories.

First and foremost, the public realm will prioritize pedestrians. The barriers and inhibitions created by the width and design of conventional streets, the rows of parked cars, and the noise and pollution of trafc will give way to a shared common space that becomes a canvas for community life.

In this way, the public realm in a neighbourhood from the internet up will be a throwback to cities past. A stroll through an Italian hill town, a medieval city core, or a Moroccan souk reminds us how cities were designed before the automobile—based around the speed of the pedestrian, an intimate human scale, and the ability to interact with friends, neighbours, and merchants.

Traditional Neighbourhood New Neighbourhood

24 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX The public realm in a neighbourhood from the internet up will not be confned to one area. Instead it will be integrated into the very fabric of the neighbourhood, creating a welcoming place for all.

A NEW KIND OF NEIGHBOURHOOD 25 A NEW KIND OF NEIGHBOURHOOD What Makes This Neighbourhood Diferent? Radical Mixed-use Space

THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD will be a system of These malleable spaces, and the ability to mix them in new ways, will fexible-use spaces, operating from the scale of the sidewalk to the invert the normal hierarchies and separations of a purpose-designed neighbourhood, enabling variety in both individual buildings and the urban development. But they are only possible with the integration of overall urban form. technology that enables efcient monitoring and safety standards, high space utilization, ease of access, and low transactional costs. Contemporary urban life is defned by a culture of individual and community entrepreneurship, and a knowledge economy accelerating at rapid pace. People increasingly defne their own careers, working independently or creating new ventures. Small businesses fnd opportunities in large fexible spaces, allowing rapid evolution through design, prototyping, and production. Communities seek a greater level of control over their environment, with more say over how the city is designed and managed, better access to information, and the ability to draw on their diversity to self-organize and plan cultural and civic activities.

Radical mixed-use space is defned by user needs at a wide range of scales—from fexible market stalls allowing a maker to produce and sell a product at street level, to reconfgurable “Loft” workspaces that can be shared by multiple companies and re-sized on demand, to apartments that can be enlarged with additional modules as a family grows.

Traditional Neighbourhood New Neighbourhood

26 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX A radical mixed-use environment means that the neighbourhood is always in fux, creating a dynamic community and enabling needs to be met at a much quicker pace.

A NEW KIND OF NEIGHBOURHOOD 27 A NEW KIND OF NEIGHBOURHOOD What Makes This Neighbourhood Diferent? Dedicated Space for Utilities

UTILITIES IN A NEIGHBOURHOOD FROM THE INTERNET UP will be of the reach into every foor on every building. By enabling utility upgrades that streets and easily accessible, housed in a system of utility are easy and cheap for incumbents and new entrants alike, utility channels channels that prevent old infrastructure and messy road work will ensure that the neighbourhood is open for innovation and equipped from impeding innovation. with the most advanced urban infrastructure at the lowest cost to users.

People tend to notice utilities only when they interfere with their lives. This This underground infrastructure will create space for electrical happens when they fail, like during a blackout, or when utility work blocks infrastructure, water pipes, district level heating and cooling trafc because it requires roads to be torn up. Both examples emphasize a infrastructure, and telecommunications infrastructure, eliminating the critical aspect of utility services. People depend on them, and they are not need for excavation every time a new conduit needs to be installed and designed for easy access. preventing the need to destroy road surfaces every time a line needs to be accessed for repair. It will also give workers easier access to those There are also moments when existing infrastructure impedes access parts of the system that require the most frequent visits: where main to new services. Over the last century, a series of new network utilities lines are tapped to serve buildings, where meters and valves must be have emerged: natural gas provided the frst central source of lighting, checked, and where optical switches need to be upgraded to process electricity began as an in-building system for the wealthy but became faster fber-optic signals. a networked utility for the masses, and telephones became a basic utility of life. In the past three decades, cable television and fbre-optic Utility channels will spur a renaissance of innovation by providing a communication lines have become basic needs for both business and new, easily accessed network connecting an entire neighbourhood. homes. In each case, the creation of these networks took longer than The channels will provide an invisible conduit for waste logistics it should have. Those who were late to receive new services found and be useful as corridors for robotic deliveries of parcels. This new themselves at a disadvantage. upgradeable network will be coupled with the operating systems in the digital layer of the neighbourhood platform, providing a path for cost New neighbourhoods will provide space for utilities in a network of shared, efective, continual improvements. easily accessible utility channels that exist beneath the public realm and

28 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX In a neighbourhood built as an urban innovation platform, fexibility is essential for dynamic, unforeseeable utility upgrades.

A NEW KIND OF NEIGHBOURHOOD 29

Reimagining the Eastern Waterfront The Eastern Waterfront is an ideal place to create this new type of neighbourhood. Sidewalk has begun to imagine what this place might be like, beginning with Phase One: Quayside. The pages here refect the initial work Sidewalk has done to understand the site’s unique qualities of place and extraordinary potential. The ideas that follow are only the starting point of a journey that Sidewalk will take together with Waterfront Toronto to unlock the full potential of the Eastern Waterfront. REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT Born of a Pleasant Promenade

AT THE FOUNDING OF THE TOWN OF YORK IN 1793, the water’s edge A diferent story unfolded to the east, where the Don River was reserved for the public. It was described as a “pleasant Valley met the lake, forming Ashbridges Bay, the largest natural promenade, on which the burghers and their families should take marshland in the Great Lakes. The river delta long stymied use of the air and disport themselves generally”—an agreeable walk this area for shipping, as silt deposits formed a less navigable slip known as the “Esplanade.” And agreeable it remained until the of wetlands and sandbars, but industry’s loss was the city’s gain. industrial revolution. The most lasting sandbar—the precursor to what today is Cherry Street—allowed residents to walk across the surface of the lake to In the 19th century, railway companies saw the opportunity of a publicly Fisherman’s Island. It became a popular destination for the type of owned corridor across the Toronto waterfront and converted the area into simple outdoor enjoyment Toronto’s founders had tried to reserve a right-of-way that formed a continuous wall of rail lines, cutting of the for the city from the start. growing city from its lake. At the same time, new wharves and bulkheads pushed the shoreline southward to accommodate larger and larger ships. The waterfront became the city’s frst industrial zone.

Soon that early promenade had transformed into a site for factories that produced all manner of goods. Stockyards and tanneries, metal and wood works, a vast distillery, cold storage capitalizing on an abundant supply of winter ice from the lake: almost every category of manufacturer could be found gathered up against the water’s edge. A vibrant Great Lakes shipping industry saw the daily passage of people and cargo—a trade that only increased in the early and mid-20th centuries with the completion of the Welland and St. Lawrence canals.

Logistics and storage facilities proliferated to serve bulk cargo trafc by rail and water. Parts of the waterfront became massive holding areas, leaving a trail of heritage structures originally designed for storage of goods in transit, including the grain, coal, and gravel silos that remain as the iconic totems of the Eastern Waterfront. Cherry Street Bridge, 1898.

34 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX The Ashbridges Bay wetland gradually became a dystopian stew of wish the city would just bury or collapse it, leaving a grand municipal trash, raw sewage from the growing city, and toxic pollution boulevard in its place. But something else is happening: new from upriver stockyards mixed in a food-prone area the size of condos are crowding up against it as people clamor to live closer downtown. Recognizing these conditions as a hazard to public health, to downtown, and a new linear park is set to be built beneath it— the city’s engineering department resolved to control the natural forces an exceptional act of imagination that might just make one of the that had created it, flling the vast marsh and dredging and confning the city’s most maligned structures among its most treasured. Don River in a narrow channel. Completed between the wars, this new That the Gardiner could yet become one of the city’s great assets expanse of artifcial land was envisioned as the locus for the next great could be a surprise fnish to the latest chapter in the development wave of industrial expansion. of the city’s waterfront. That wave never materialized. The frenetic growth of industry and manufacturing on the waterfront was on the wane. Instead, the Eastern Waterfront became home to vast open stockpiles of raw materials awaiting barge transport, and an attractive site for municipal utilities that could not be accommodated in the city’s dense interior: the Ashbridges Wastewater Treatment Plant and the Hearn Power Station among them.

When the postwar craze for urban highways arrived, Toronto’s waterfront was an obvious location. The creation of the Gardiner Expressway was a bold stroke of modernism, threading a high- speed auto route atop much of the city’s most polluted and blighted land. Only a generation later, as manufacturers moved north beyond the city’s limits, did the folly of the city’s waterfront expressway start to become clear.

Today, the Gardiner stands in need of billions in repairs, but even The Hearn Power Station, opened in 1951, was the site of Canada’s as it gets rebuilt, the expressway’s status as a much-maligned frst 100 MW steam turbo-generator set. parapet is shrinking by the day. Of course, many Torontonians Credit: Mark Wickens

REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 35 REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT Rediscovering the Waterfront

NOW SOMETHING DIFFERENT IS HAPPENING. Toronto’s lakefront, with all of its contradictions and conficts, is a powerful opportunity for new and innovative thinking. Already the Waterfront Toronto has spearheaded this revitalization. In 1999, Distillery District has become an all-season magnet, drawing Torontonians waterfront revival was deemed a matter of national importance, and all to its pedestrianized, brick-paved streets. Next door, the Canary District three levels of government came together to create Waterfront Toronto is a handsome showcase for a new, playful, and inviting urbanism. The to lead this important mission. Since then, the Central Waterfront has waterfront is lighting up and the energy surrounding it will soon overcome taken shape and Downtown Toronto has recovered its lakefront as a the barriers that historically contributed to its neglect. public amenity—the city’s welcoming “front porch.” Now that progress is extending eastward. In time, the Eastern Waterfront will be Toronto’s newest neighbourhood— or, more likely, a diverse set of neighbourhoods with their own unique The Eastern Waterfront is at another scale from Central Waterfront personalities—and home to tens of thousands of Torontonians. The most development; it is a district of some 300 hectares comparable in size to exciting thing Toronto can do is to build more of what makes so many Toronto’s entire downtown. Transforming the Eastern Waterfront will of its neighbourhoods beloved, and to give a modern, ambitious, and complete a long historical arc, as the city’s lakeshore was shaped frst generous form to the elements that make the city a success. by the desire for public access, then for 150 years by the imperatives of industry and shipping, and now back again to people.

Located adjacent to the Redpath Sugar Factory, Sugar Beach Park and its iconic umbrellas welcome visitors to East Bayfront Credit: Mark Wickens

View from Simcoe Wavedeck, as cyclists pass along the Martin Goodman Trail Credit: Mark Wickens

36 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Kids play on one of Toronto’s Waterfront Wavedecks, new public spaces designed to refect the beauty of Lake Ontario. Credit: Mark Wickens

REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 37 REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT Building at Scale

WITH HUNDREDS OF HECTARES OF LAND and years of efort building Toronto momentum and capacity, Waterfront Toronto has created an incredible opportunity for the city. The expanse of the Eastern Waterfront is Placed within Toronto, the Eastern Waterfront large enough to absorb a meaningful share of the projected growth for would span east-west from the Fashion District to the Distillery District, and north-south from City Toronto, and to realize technological and urban design innovations at a Hall to the lakefront, containing an area almost as large as Downtown itself. system scale with implications for cities worldwide.

The best way to get a sense of the scale of urban life possible on the Eastern Waterfront is to compare it to areas comparable in size within Toronto and other well-known cities.

38 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX New York City Venice

Placed within New York City, the Eastern As a point of comparison with another city built Waterfront would span east-west from East River entirely on the water, the Eastern Waterfront to Hudson River, and the full length of Manhattan’s would just about encompass the entire city of High Line from north to south—an area containing Venice. at least seven distinct neighbourhoods, each with their own individual character.

REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 39 REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT A Staged Approach Beginning at Quayside

PHASED DEVELOPMENT ALLOWS FOR THE CYCLE OF IDEATION, prototyping, and Those are the knowns. But taken to its most advantaged stage, the scaling that refects the innovation process itself. urban innovation platform established in Quayside and the Eastern Waterfront will enable new approaches to city challenges that cannot Waterfront Toronto’s staged approach to development corresponds yet be imagined. Just as no one could have known the internet would with Sidewalk’s iterative model of city-building. By designating Quayside one day uproot printed media, or that streetcars and automobiles would as Phase 1 of the next wave of Eastern Waterfront redevelopment, transform Toronto’s original town grid, great platforms build the unknown Waterfront Toronto has set the stage for Quayside to become an initial possibilities of the future into their very foundation. testbed and a dynamic site for experimentation. The power of innovations that emerge on the Eastern Waterfront will Quayside will be the launchpad for innovations at increasing scale across transfer to cities around the world—including Toronto itself. The ideas the Eastern Waterfront. As waterfront development expands across conceived in Quayside and advanced in later phases on the Eastern Keating Channel to the south and east, each successive stage will adapt Waterfront will inspire changes to the rest of the city as neighbouring and expand upon the initial concepts and ideas prototyped in Quayside. communities learn from each other. In time, the waterfront will draw new But each new phase of the project will do more than simply scale what people and energy in, improving the quality of ideas that make it back came before. That is just the beginning. When combined and deployed out—a positive feedback loop for the economic and social development across the Eastern Waterfront, the capabilities developed in Quayside will of the greater Toronto region. have an impact on urban life that cannot be achieved by individual pilots operating at the neighbourhood level alone.

The innovations that will establish Toronto as a world leading centre of urban innovation will start in Quayside and scale across the Eastern Waterfront.

40 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 41 REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT Imagining Quayside: A Hinge Point

QUAYSIDE IS A QUIET CORNER on the border of Downtown and the Eastern Sidewalk’s approach to making Quayside the frst neighbourhood from Waterfront, the last waterfront development parcel on mainland Toronto the internet up centres around fve planning goals: before the Port Lands protrude into Lake Ontario. Yet it occupies a • Quayside must diferentiate itself as a radical departure from existing strategic location when evaluated in context. Quayside is, in numerous developments in Toronto and around the world. ways, a hinge, connecting important places and concepts so that the sum is greater than the parts. • Quayside must integrate itself as the newest addition into Toronto’s existing and diverse quilt of urban neighbourhoods. It is a geographical hinge, connecting Toronto with the new neighbourhoods yet to emerge across the Eastern Waterfront. It is a • Quayside must ofer afordability to a diverse set of Torontonians. physical hinge, bridging the divide between land and water. It is a digital hinge—a testbed for urban innovations that can ultimately scale across • Quayside must start the transition to a public realm planned around the the Eastern Waterfront. And a cultural hinge, celebrating the waterfront’s pedestrian and not the automobile. industrial heritage in look and feel. • Quayside must demonstrate the potential implications of the convergence Of course, even as it functions as this critical nexus, Quayside must still of physical conditions, digital capabilities, and open standards on urban be a vibrant, inclusive, mixed-use complete community in its own right. innovation—catalyzing a new urban innovation cluster.

Quayside has the potential to be a true gateway between the urban fabric of Toronto’s existing downtown core and the new neighbourhoods that will defne its future Eastern Waterfront. Credit: Stink Studios 42 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 43 REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT Between Land and Water: Living on the Lake

MARINE BUILDING TECHNOLOGIES CAN ENABLE YEAR ROUND, fexible uses on Waterborne civic uses, such as foating performance venues, can animate the water, opening up new opportunities for the integration of the water Quayside’s public realm and create citywide cultural destinations that can into daily life. As the Quayside neighbourhood wraps around its 1,680 be moved to other lakefront locations as desired. The inherent fexibility meters of coastline along Parliament Slip and Keating Channel, public enabled by the water can create opportunities for adaptable, foating spaces, civic facilities, housing, or other uses can fexibly weave together communities to be added to the waterfront housing supply. the water and the neighbourhood. Quayside may even provide opportunity for near-term testing with self- Lightweight, movable, foating bridges can create multiple points of driving boat technology, which over time may become an efcient tool for connectivity—between Quayside, Bayside, and Villiers Island—for the movement of goods throughout the Eastern Waterfront. As a testbed, pedestrians, cyclists, even self-driving vehicles. Arranged in direct Quayside can establish approaches for building at the intersection of response to demand or simply to provide new routes for transit land and water that can scale across the Eastern Waterfront, which will access, foating bridges can easily coexist with ferries and other active amount to 11,940 meters of coastline after the Don River naturalization. maritime uses. Once Waterfront Toronto's plan to naturalize the mouth of the Don River Floating parks can expand the public realm and soften the hard is complete, the Eastern Waterfront will have almost 12,000 meters of edge between land and water. Built on easily movable tiles or other coastline. Inspired by this gesture to the site's natural ecology, Sidewalk structures, parks can be designed to provide near total fexibility in believes the addition of a slender channel east of the PortOands Energy physical confguration and location, providing a dynamic experience CentrH will enable water-based travel throughout the entire Eastern and responding to weather and water conditions. Adding trees and Waterfront. vegetation on the water can also provide natural weather mitigation, particularly for wind conditions.

44 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX A park in Parliament Slip constructed on foating tiles can be In subsequent phases of development, the Ship Channel curated into diferent confgurations. The park would serve could host a range of uses, from portable, foating diferent uses in both summer (top) and winter (bottom). bridges that can be installed, removed, and moved over a period of days (top), to foating communities that bring adaptable building typologies to the water (bottom).

REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 45 REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT Between City and Waterfront: Extending Queens Quay

THE REDEVELOPED QUEENS QUAY IS AN EXCELLENT EXAMPLE of a street redesigned for multi-modal transportation. Protected bike lanes and pedestrian paths encourage active uses, and the streetcar provides convenient public transit.

There is already broad consensus to extend Queens Quay East through Quayside to Cherry Street, though the design has not been fnalized. Quayside is a perfect opportunity to continue Queens Quay as an active and vibrant spine that anchors a new community, designed specifcally for the possibilities unlocked by new technology: programmable and fexible public space that is accessible to all, weather mitigation that enables Revitalized Queens Quay, facing East. people to enjoy the outdoors for more days each year, self-driving mobility Credit: Brian Medina that takes private cars of the street, and coordinated management of a rich modal mix.

The development approach in Quayside must activate the extension of Queens Quay without sacrifcing its efciency as a mobility artery. Sidewalk envisions a Queens Quay that feels much like the waterfront version of Queen Street or King Street, a grand boulevard connecting the Eastern Waterfront to Downtown, and a destination in and of itself.

Existing Queens Quay, facing West. Credit: Mark Wickens

Reimagining how Queens Quay might look as Quayside explores alternative mobility strategies.

46 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 47 Reimagining how Queens Quay might look as Quayside explores alternative mobility strategies.

REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 47 REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT Between City and Waterfront: Stitching the City

PHYSICALLY AND PSYCHOLOGICALLY, the Gardiner Expressway separates This challenge is one Waterfront Toronto knows well, and for which the Downtown Toronto from the Eastern Waterfront. city is already implementing creative solutions. Soon the Bentway will snake beneath the Gardiner on the Western Waterfront, creating new It is a relic of an earlier time, when the waterfront was synonymous with gathering place for residents and visitors. The development approach industrial expanse and good urban design meant planning for cars. Today, in Quayside must bring equally creative solutions to “The Stitch” in the the eight-lane elevated roadway and adjacent rail lines divide Quayside Eastern Waterfront. There are many potential approaches, for example, to from the core of the city. make crossing the Gardiner an experience that celebrates the character Vehicle underpasses exist on Parliament and Cherry streets, but the of this massive piece of infrastructure, while bringing Quayside and its so- distance—a span of over 110 meters via the Parliament Street passage—is close-yet-so-far neighbors together. uninviting for pedestrians and cyclists. The Distillery District, on the north side of the rail berm, should feel more connected with the water; after all, its majestic brick buildings were originally right at the water’s edge.

More broadly, while Toronto’s subway and extensive streetcar network anchor a strong public transportation system, as the City’s TOCore strategy notes, pedestrian and public transit access between downtown and the waterfront is challenging. This issue will only compound as development moves further into the Eastern Waterfront and further away from existing transit lines.

New mobility arteries that sprout from Quayside must not only be about connecting back to the already-developed waterfront to the west.

Instead, these connections should include paths north to King and Queen Streets, east to Leslieville, and south to the Port Lands. Transit infrastructure in Quayside should work in concert with the proposed East Harbour transit hub to stitch Eastern Toronto and the Waterfront Sidewalk wholeheartedly agrees with Waterfront Toronto’s vision to create Gardiner into the city’s infrastructure, and relieve some of the pressure on crossings that stitch the city together. existing subway lines.

48 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX OVER SIDEWAYS

UNDER DOWN

REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 49 REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT Between Old and New: Embracing Heritage

NEW DEVELOPMENT OFTEN BENEFITS FROM EMBRACING HISTORY. Sprinkled throughout the Eastern Waterfront are the grain silos and smokestacks that testify to the waterfront’s industrial legacy, with the Victory Soya Mills Silo in the middle of the Quayside neighbourhood a prime example. The treatment of this authentic piece of Quayside’s history should be highlighted, not hidden, and its towering structure should be celebrated.

Concrete silo structures have vexed cities and developers all around the world, but new design capabilities are increasingly enabling cost efective reinventions. In Cape Town, South Africa, construction of a contemporary art museum within the V&A Grain Silo is underway.

The silo can be an organizing component of the public realm within Quayside, and its location establishes it as a powerful visual gateway as The historic grain silo at the V&A Waterfront in Cape Town, South Africa is being converted into the new home of the Zeitz MOCAA permanent contemporary art collection. visitors travel east on Queens Quay. Its central location within Quayside Credit: Navigator may also position it to play a pivotal role as a node in a mobility network connecting the Eastern Waterfront and the city.

The silo structure could ultimately become the symbol that instantly comes to mind when people think of Toronto’s urban innovation district in the Eastern Waterfront—a counterintuitive coda for a structure that was built 60 years before the iPhone was invented.

As development scales across the Eastern Waterfront, the Hearn, Cherry Street Bridge, and the Fire Hall on Commissioner Street present similar distinctive opportunities to be repurposed.

Victory Soya Mills Silo at Quayside Credit: Mark Wickens

50 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Victory Soya Mills Silo, an icon of Quayside’s industrial past, MUSEUM URBAN FARM TRANSIT HUB may well become a symbol of its future. The team at Sidewalk explored a series of ideas that would simultaneously pay homage to the site’s heritage while creating a beacon for its innovative future.

HOTEL TECH INCUBATOR GARDEN

REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 51 REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT Scaling the Network: The Greater Eastern Waterfront

QUAYSIDE WILL BE JUST THE FIRST NODE in a network of interconnected money on car-ownership and make travel more convenient. It combines neighbourhoods. Over time, a network of neighbourhoods will with a Ground-Trafc Control System to turn every corner into a transit extend out across the Eastern Waterfront, forming a set of diverse stop, eliminating the fxed nodes that drive up cost of living in dense communities united by a larger system of communication and areas. It combines with Loft structures and programmable space to interaction. repurpose parking for whatever the community needs most: from new housing to a ribbon of park. It combines with the advanced microgrid to The true potential of the platform is achieved when multiple power all vehicles with renewable energy, keeping the skies cleaner and neighbourhoods are interconnected. Whereas a neighbourhood of a few hydro cheaper. thousand people will catalyze an initial market opportunity to attract third parties to the platform, a series of networked neighbourhoods will be powerful enough to draw companies and entrepreneurs from all over to take part in Toronto’s new ecosystem. As the network grows, it will begin to realize the possibilities of urban innovation at the scale of an entire district.

A Loft pilot at Quayside can create radical mixed-use along neighbourhood blocks for hundreds of people; this same concept, applied across the Eastern Waterfront, means transforming the way tens of thousands of Torontonians interact with the built environment and accelerating the speed at which streets evolve. A cluster of Passive House buildings at Quayside will scale to a new global standard for building energy efciency that replaces LEED and supports a climate- positive district. It is not just about scale. There is additional combinatorial impact that occurs when boundless innovation comes together in cross-cutting ways.

When Sidewalk's mobility solutions in Quayside lead to an Eastern As the development on the Eastern Waterfront Waterfront free of privately-owned cars, it does not just save families grows, each new neighbourhood adds a node to the network, increasing the value of the network overall.

52 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX As the development on the Eastern Waterfront grows, each new neighbourhood adds a node to the network, increasing the value of the network overall

REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 53 REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT A Network of Neighbourhoods

NEW NEIGHBOURHOODS WILL UNFURL A VIBRANT, DIVERSE QUILT across the innovation, they must at the same time become fully embedded into the waterfront, a natural extension of the "City of Neighbourhoods" that fabric of Toronto’s existing neighbourhoods—a celebration of diversity forms Toronto’s unique character. within a larger sense of community for all Torontonians.

Eventually, the Eastern Waterfront will be composed of an entire network of neighbourhoods, with a wide variety of designs and forms possible within the basic structure of a district. The waterfront must express and extend the natural, organic diversity of Toronto itself. The Toronto’s Neighbourhoods most exciting thing Toronto can do is to build more of what makes so many of its neighbourhoods beloved, and to give a modern, ambitious, and generous form to the elements that make the city a success.

The site is large enough to support a dozen or more neighbourhoods of distinct personality—freed from the confnes of traditional development. The street hierarchies will restrict conventional vehicles, with bike highways and autonomous ferries feeding an internal mobility network primarily serving pedestrians, cyclists, and autonomous transit. A free- fowing public realm will emphasize accessible streetscapes, short blocks, and fexible pavilions of radical mixed-use, eliminating the divide between home, work, and play. The power of nature and water will be ever-present: a green ribbon will surround the whole district, and a series of blue “water rooms”—from foating theatres to homes—will create new life on the lake.

This multi-directional dynamic will also connect residents of the new district with communities throughout the Toronto metropolitan region, forming an economic and knowledge ecosystem, and advancing Toronto’s global role as a magnet for urban innovation. While Quayside and the

Eastern Waterfront will be a showcase for urban design and community New neighbourhoods on the Eastern Waterfront will be a natural extension of Toronto's existing neighbourhood network. Credit: Mark Wickens

54 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 55 REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT The Waterfront of the Future

EXTENDING DOWNTOWN’S ENERGY, and building of the ideas initially prototyped in Quayside, the greater Eastern Waterfront will be both a great place to live and work and a magnetic destination.

In time, the Eastern Waterfront will be Toronto’s newest district, and home to tens of thousands of Torontonians. Only rarely has the city been able to build downtown communities from whole-cloth. Fifty years ago, the development of the Esplanade demonstrated Toronto’s skill at creating dense, vibrant and mixed communities. More recently, the redevelopment of Regent’s Park has reafrmed the city’s knack for incorporating inventive public amenities.

But the Eastern Waterfront is of an altogether diferent scale, and is already coming to life.

In the Eastern Waterfront, the ideas imagined and tested at Quayside can achieve the scale necessary to redefne urban life, positioning Toronto and Canada as a world leader in urban innovation, and delivering step-change improvements in quality of life to residents and communities.

The Waterfront of the Future is a series of communities at the nexus of the lake and the city.

56 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 57 REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 57 REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT Explanatory Note: A Holistic Approach to Planning

THE ROLE OF QUAYSIDE AS A TESTBED for innovation will be further enhanced manner, beyond just a shared waterfront esplanade and the extension of if the Waterfront Toronto-controlled parcels are planned in concert Queens Quay. with the adjacent sites owned by the *UHDW Gulf Corporation and the 3C As part of initial visioning and analysis, Sidewalk evaluated objectives development consortium. Given the benefts that could result from the considering both Waterfront Toronto’s Quayside sites, and the full larger scale and a coordinated approach, Sidewalk’s evaluation of the Quayside neighbourhood in the development of preliminary concepts. Quayside opportunity has included consideration of the broader Quayside neighbourhood. Population growth projections for Toronto show increasing concentrations in the downtown core and the Eastern Waterfront, with Preliminary contact with both parties has been encouraging, and 10,000 new residents moving to the Downtown each year, doubling its Sidewalk hopes that an initial priority will be to formally engage both in a population by 2041. As this trend continues, growth will increasingly collaborative planning process. Sidewalk’s assessment of the Quayside push outward to the southeast, directly towards Quayside and the neighbourhood has been based on an understanding that any ideas for the greater Eastern Waterfront. broader area will require the participation and approval from other parties.

Expanding the project area from Waterfront Toronto’s 12 acres (assumed to include the two small private parcels adjacent to Parliament Slip that Waterfront Toronto has indicated will be included within its Quayside development plans) to the full 33 acres enables innovation within Quayside to expand from the building level to system and neighbourhood scale. Waterfront Toronto Experimentation with the impact of autonomous mobility on the design of streets, for example, can be undertaken with the distance and density aforded by the larger neighbourhood scale. Sustainability solutions— *UHDW 3C such as a microgrid that balances power usage, or a thermal grid that Gulf utilizes waste heat and cool—not feasible on smaller developments can become achievable, too.

Quayside can contribute even more as the launchpad toward a holistic vision for the Eastern Waterfront if its public realm, mixed-use The broader Quayside neighbourhood, including privately development program, and urban design are considered in a coordinated owned parcels, should be considered holistically.

58 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Without a deliberate development approach, Quayside could succumb to to be approximately 65 percent residential, with the balance including the market pressure for upper-market residential that has recently driven commercial, retail, hospitality, cultural, academic, and community uses downtown and waterfront development, and preclude the longer-term spread across a range of adaptable building typologies. Sidewalk’s benefts of establishing a truly mixed-use program and more complete belief in mixed-use development also informs its approach to afordable community. housing, which in all scenarios has been distributed throughout the site’s residential program, as opposed to being isolated in individual buildings. With these factors in mind, Sidewalk considered a variety of programs that range between 5.5 and 6.5 million square feet. Quayside’s development program will ultimately be the result of an iterative, consultative process jointly undertaken by Sidewalk and In all cases, the total amount and distribution of square footage among Waterfront Toronto, in which innovation, community priorities, policy diferent uses was considered in light of market conditions. The goal objectives, placemaking, phasing, infrastructure, economics, market, was to maximize the amount of density on the site without sacrifcing site planning, and technical issues will be thoughtfully merged. the principles on which Quayside should be built: a generous public realm, a true mix of uses, strong commercial activity, and inclusivity and 6LGHZDON VDSSURDFKWRXQGHUVWDQGLQJWKHSODQQLQJSRWHQWLDORIWKH affordability for a broad range of Torontonians. (DVWHUQ:DWHUIURQWLQFOXGHGWKH)LUVW*XOI&RUSRUDWLRQ V(DVW+DUERXU SURMHFWDVLWLVDFULWLFDOFRPSRQHQWIRUWKHJURZWKDQGGHYHORSPHQWRI Sidewalk believes that its development approach will KRXVH more than WKHHQWLUH(DVWHUQ:DWHUIURQW 5,00 jobs within the Quayside neighbourhood, across a range of sectors. The combination of Google’s presence and urban innovation Sidewalk would like to acknowledge the contributions of Beyer Blinder institute pulling together academia and industry will give rise to an active and Belle Architects & Planners (BBB), Brookfield Financial Real Estate innovation cluster in Quayside. Group, BuroHappold, Deloitte, Heatherwick Studio, Partnership for Architecture and Urbanism (PAU), Waterstudio, Jason Polan and Mark The demand in the downtown Toronto market is already absorbing Wickens. residential product at an aggressive pace. Given the strength of this demand, the controls on density within Quayside are most likely to stem from the balance of urban design decisions, an emphasis on planning around the public realm, and policy priorities that may value experimentation over short-term revenue.

Broadly, Sidewalk’s preliminary estimates indicate that Quayside is likely

REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 59

REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT Purposeful Solutions

62 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX

Sidewalk’s purposeful solutions together form its urban innovation platform for Quayside: both the platform’s digital layer and component parts of its physical layer. Sidewalk’s team has also begun to consider how these ideas will scale on the Eastern Waterfront, and what more will be possible there. The ideas presented here are only a starting point.

A collaboration between Sidewalk and Waterfront Toronto will build on this pathbreaking vision—and make it a reality.

REIMAGINING THE EASTERN WATERFRONT 63 DIGITAL LAYER Digital Layer

64 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX

The digital layer allows efcient operation of the neighbourhood by providing a single unifed source of information about what is going on. It also supports innovation by providing a set of well- documented and supported APIs for third parties to build on. Furthermore, by pushing as much as possible of the neighbourhood infrastructure into software rather than hardware, it increases fexibility and reduces lock-in to outmoded technologies.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 65 DIGITAL LAYER The Digital Layer

JUST AS COMPUTER AND SMARTPHONE OPERATING SYSTEMS keep ➂ Prioritize modularity and interoperability. Successful platforms allow the device running smoothly but also allow innovators to create developers and users to engage selectively. Modular design allows new apps, the digital layer is designed to keep the city running developers to build up platform functionality from basic components. smoothly but also encourage residents, staf, startups, and This reduces application development time by standardizing functionality, larger companies to bring their most creative ideas to bear on reducing waste, improving reusability of designs, increasing openness, improving life in the city. enabling greater resilience, and allowing platforms to serve multiple Sidewalk’s digital layer will follow the following four principles: segments simultaneously rather than optimizing for a single type of user.

➀ Enable more value creation than you capture. Good ➃ Never compromise user privacy. In addition to the fexibility, platforms focus on enabling others to extend the platform personalization, and efciency that platforms provide, it is important that in ways that cannot be predicted ahead of time. Platforms they maintain high standards for privacy and security. Furthermore, it is not should function as meritocracies that provide priority, sufcient to provide technical protections—the platform must also allow resources, and acclaim to the most talented, engaged, and people to see and understand how their data are used, and be able to control valuable participants. For example, the Toronto PATH system those uses. Platforms can only fourish if their users trust and value them— for pedestrians provides a platform that stores, building and that trust comes from clear, consistent, and well-enforced policies for owners, and the city have collaborated to build, and which has handling of personal information. resulted in outsize benefts to residents, visitors, the business Sidewalk is actively developing the digital layer for its platform, which community, and the city. contains four essential components. A Sense feature knits together ➁ Provide a stable and intuitive but always improving interface. a distributed network of sensors to collect real-time data about the Platforms must change as users’ needs evolve over time surrounding environment, enabling people to measure, understand, and and technological capabilities expand. But each platform improve it. A Model component—in development by Sidewalk’s Model update imposes costs on developers. The pain of platform Lab—can simulate “what if” scenarios for city operations and inform improvement can be managed through agile development, long-term planning decisions. A Map component collects location-based incremental testing and implementation, elegant functionality, information about the infrastructure, buildings, and shared resources in the and intuitive and well-documented interfaces. But platform public realm. An Account component provides a highly secure, personalized providers need to be humble and understand the need to “earn” portal through which each resident accesses public services and the public the right to upgrade by providing exceptional value and close sector. The platform mediates the interface with the physical environment support.

66 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX (ubiquitous connectivity) and makes all of the services available to application developers through an The Digital Layer for Urban Innovation API layer (APIs).

And to inspire an uncompromising Public Community Social Sustainability Mobility Real Third-Party level of trust in the platform’s data Realm Services Estate Applications privacy and security, Sidewalk will engage with independent privacy experts and community APIs stakeholders to advise on protections, transparency, and controls. (Ann Cavoukian, former Ontario Information and Privacy Commissioner and currently the Executive Director of the Privacy Sense Map Model Account and Big Data Institute at Ryerson University has already agreed to serve on the project's advisory board if Sidewalk is selected by Waterfront Toronto.) Ubiquitous Connectivity

Applications, including those from third parties, can be built on top of the digital platform layer’s APIs.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 67 DIGITAL LAYER

Ubiquitous Connectivity

None of the software and hardware in the best internet experience for all components designed to survive for decades components of the digital layer can consumers. in environments where replacement is operate efectively without a substrate of expensive and difcult. This will also have network connectivity, power, and ways of An enormous beneft of building a the efect of keeping the feet of sensors up- deploying hardware at low cost in the urban neighbourhood from the internet up is that to-date, as technology improves. environment. needed sensing technology can be built in from the start. Rather than requiring Planning for ubiquitous connectivity does To maximize future fexibility and reduce the expensive and time consuming building not require waiting for a new build. The hassle and worry of last-mile connectivity and street furniture retrofts to incorporate LinkNYC and LinkUK projects Sidewalk is for end users, Sidewalk will deploy a sensors, new construction will include undertaking with Intersection, its portfolio shared wired and wireless backbone that quick-connect mounts that provide a stable company, provide unprecedented free, creates seamless coverage and service platform, electrical power, and network high-speed wireless internet access in urban competition. Each access point will ofer connectivity. environments. From that starting point, wireless connectivity via current and Sidewalk and Intersection are experimenting emerging standards, including (1) Wi-Fi (2) Driving down the cost of sensor installation with software-defned radios to future-proof LTE and (3) LoRa (long-range, low-power and upgrades allows, in turn, for deployment built infrastructure, and with low-power, radio), leveraging software-defned radios of lower-cost sensors. In much the same long-range networks to support low- to optimize coverage and throughput. A way that Google drove down the cost of bandwidth sensors like those focused on air signifcant beneft of bringing all radios in the its servers while maintaining reliability by quality. neighbourhood under a single management making it quick and easy to repair or replace structure is that it minimizes interference and failing components, Sidewalk will be able to allows for the greatest possible coordination, use commercial, of-the-shelf components synchronization, and adaptability, resulting that are signifcantly less expensive than

LinkNYC provides free gigabit Wi-Fi access throughout all fve New York City boroughs. Credit: Intersection

68 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 69 DIGITAL LAYER

Neighbourhood APIs Bootstrapping in Quayside

The digital layer will include a set of APIs, interfaces will enable the digital layer to A production version of the entire This learning phase is human-intensive, creating a stable and well-designed canvas adapt as technology changes over time. digital layer needs to be complete to open but will swiftly result in generalizable on which developers can build applications Cities beneft from the ability to choose from Quayside. models that will make Quayside more to reimagine and reinvent how the city works. the widest variety of vendors and service efcient and will themselves be ready on providers, so it is important not to lock into a This will enable experimentation with a broad day one for wider implementation in the In much the same way that software particular hardware or software solution. range of sensors, initially over-provisioned, to Eastern Waterfront. platforms like Apple’s App Store, the Google enable parallel experimentation with multiple Play Store, and Amazon Web Services have For example, defning standard ways to technology approaches. The size of Quayside The urban innovation institute Sidewalk stimulated creativity on the web and in provide information about places and things makes it feasible to deploy cameras with envisions for Quayside will be an asset in personal devices, the digital layer provides in the city makes it possible both to change diferent capabilities covering the same the development of the digital layer. The a set of APIs, with documentation and the underlying database technology and to spaces. This will help Sidewalk evaluate institute will be a place for collaboration developer support that will inspire the same choose diferent providers and consumers trade-ofs in technology and cost with and discussion, and an unprecedented creativity in the city. of the directory information over time. apples-to-apples detection tasks on the same opportunity for faculty and students to test Likewise, as computer vision algorithms region. Likewise, Quayside will have multiple their ideas in a real urban environment. APIs include regulated access to city data and sensor resolution improves, it will be overlapping communications networks—an The institute will support cross-discipline, and the ability to interact with the city possible to swap in new algorithms and opportunity to evaluate relative value. graduate-level degree programs, a broad infrastructure in ways that are safe and sensors to improve accuracy and frequency range of faculty research with areas of deep consistent with other uses. of measurement of the public realm. Some operational processes can be managed specialty, such as application of artifcial manually at the Quayside scale, such as intelligence, and research and curriculum Providing a programmable interface to the monitoring elements of the public domain with potential reach into policy, governance, city will unlock possibilities for application in need of maintenance. This presents an fnance, and other relevant disciplines. designers—many of which cannot be opportunity: these manual processes can be anticipated. The platform will be a magnet used to train machine learning models. The institute will also be an informal for civic-minded software developers location for people to collaborate. A and technologists, and Sidewalk will For example, for systems to be able to dedicated staf will nurture the developer provide a co-working space for students, detect when a trash bin needs to be community and make connections between entrepreneurs, and academics who want emptied, the system needs multiple groups. A dedicated technical staf deeply to advance the state of the art in urban examples of empty bins and overfowing versed in the details of the digital layer technology. bins. This “training data” can be used to will be able to advise on its use, help new create a computer vision model that will be developers get up to speed, debug issues, Sidewalk expects that many residents, in able to make predictions on its own later. and take lessons from this process back to general, will be attracted by the idea of living Capturing the regularities in patterns of the platform development team to efect in a place that will continuously improve. full/empty cycles, and the environmental improvements to the platform and APIs features that are likely to give rise to a full themselves. Standardized data formats and well-defned bin (e.g., a public concert in a plaza), will enable the system to anticipate a full bin.

70 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX A vastly expanded array of fxed-sensor inputs and control outputs will generate an enormous amount of data on the built environment that developers, students, and residents will be able to use to reimagine and reinvent how the city works.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 71 DIGITAL LAYER Sense

time will allow users to understand variation residents and visitors will enable them THE FIRST STEP IN IMPROVING QUALITY same device as the camera and transmit only metrics like vehicle and pedestrian fows or in urban conditions, and why that variation to make informed decisions about when OF LIFE AND EFFICIENCY IN A CITY the status of street infrastructure. arises—both by improving human intuition, and where to visit locations within the is understanding it. As the cost of but also by building predictive models. neighbourhood. sensors falls and Internet of Things Quayside, in particular, presents an opportunity to instrument an area quickly technology develops, ubiquitous with a range of production and experimental Modelling sensing becomes feasible, and sensors, and to learn by quick iteration. The

lessons from this rapid experimentation can enables a deeper understanding of Once fne-grained data are available, it be applied on a scaled-up basis in the greater will be increasingly possible to develop a the urban environment. Eastern Waterfront. For example, Quayside, digital model of the performance of the will shed light on the tradeof between neighbourhood, and use that model to camera resolution, deployment density, evaluate the efect of various decisions. Measurement cost, and direct value to neighbourhood The ability to predict the consequences of administrators and residents. and Sensors possible interventions, and to refne the

Sensors that Sidewalk expects to deploy model based on measurement of actual It all begins with collecting useful data about include (1) air quality sensors (carbon outcomes, is an accelerant to improving the physical environment in a way that is monoxide, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide); the livability of the neighbourhood. deeply respectful of individual privacy. Over (2) noise level sensors (noise generated by To take an earlier example: as Sidewalk time, sensors have become less expensive, vehicles, construction, human activity); (3) experiments with various weather smaller, and more power-efcient. radar, laser rangefnding, and computer mitigation strategies, it will get real-time Simultaneously, the artifcial intelligence vision (fow of vehicles, cyclists, pedestrians, feedback on temperature and wind speed techniques required to make sense of their state of the urban environment); and (4) from a high-density mesh of sensors. That output have improved signifcantly—in part hyperlocal weather (temperature, wind will enable the real-time evaluation of due to advances in artifcial neural networks speed, humidity) led by Geofrey Hinton from the University of diferent interventions. Likewise, when the Toronto (and Google). platform detects pedestrian congestion— Analytics for example, during entertainment Sensors range from low-bandwidth events—the neighbourhood will have thermometers, which transmit a single, slow- detailed data about where the bottlenecks changing number, to high-resolution cameras Collecting data is not valuable in and of are occurring and what is causing them. that capture millions of pixels dozens of itself. To understand what makes the urban By making use of dynamic signage, times per second. Cameras deserve special environment work well, and detect when fexible street furniture, and guidance attention because they raise issues of it is underperforming, it is necessary to from smartphone apps, the platform can privacy. Rather than transmitting and saving perform longitudinal analysis, and be able experiment with ways to create better full-bandwidth video, as much as possible to distinguish normal states from anomalous pedestrian fow. Even making information Sidewalk will interpret the video on the ones. Analytics based on measurements over available about crowding in real time to

72 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Sense Interpretation Stack

Moving Things Bicycle, Person, Vehicle

Interpretation

Sensors Video and Lidar Beacon Sightings

Video API Sensor API Recognize entities and up- Beacon API date location, velocity, status

Historic DB Real-Time DB Raw Sensor Archive Historical position Latest position and status for all Lidar, Selected Video, Sensor and status entities Output, Telemetry

Sensor and camera output is interpreted by computer vision and normalization. The resulting data are streamed to a low-latHncy geospatial database for real-time interventions. It is also recorded to a historical database for later analysis and planning.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 73 DIGITAL LAYER Model

MANY URBAN INTERVENTIONS ARE DIFFICULT TO TEST in real-world decision support system by simulating the next 5, 15, or 30 conditions due to cost and customer inconvenience. Model provides minutes of neighbourhood activity to anticipate problems and a virtual laboratory to experiment with changes in infrastructure, suggest remedial measure before they amplify. At weekly and policy, and the built environment. At Model’s core is a metro area-scale monthly time scales, facility managers can simulate changes simulation representing the movement of each person. From these to infrastructure and policy to improve operational efciency. patterns, Sidewalk is able to construct an activity-based model system Operational planning blends into medium- and long-range that can inform and explore a wide range of policy options including planning, which can be used to design the growth of the in the areas of roadway pricing, ride sharing, zoning and land use, and neighbourhood and achieve strategic objectives. incentives to conserve water and energy. In current practice, medium- and long-range planning schemes are Modelling how people make choices about where to live, where to considered separately from near-term operational schemes. This shop, whether to own a car, or how to travel from place to place are creates an unfortunate “open loop” where each schemes fails to beneft key concerns for urban planners. Current demographic, land use, and from the other. In Quayside, and eventually the Eastern Waterfront, travel forecasting tools rely on statistical inferences based on sparse Sidewalk has the ability to align these eforts in order to create a and sporadic data. These methods are sufcient if the travel choices unifed framework to serve a wide range of applications. As Model are conventional and the travel networks are relatively stable (e.g., a gets exercised daily, its fdelity and accuracy will improve. These conventional bus route). For Quayside and the Eastern Waterfront, improvements will provide long-range planners with more accurate Sidewalk's goal is to dramatically reduce the need for car ownership representations of people and behaviour. by ofering residents new mobility options, such as shared self-driving Innovators can test concepts in Model’s simulation environment to vehicles. Since these new options have no operating history, Model understand their direct and indirect impacts and solicit feedback from will deploy more fundamental and sophisticated inferences to predict the community. Sidewalk believes that this level of transparency and demand using machine learning techniques. accessibility will enable the neighbourhood to fnd creative, inclusive Model can be used in both operational and planning contexts. solutions faster. Combined with data from Sense, Model can provide a robust

Model is able to estimate the number of inbound and outbound trips to and from each site. For each trip, it can compute the distance traveled by travel mode.

74 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 75 DIGITAL LAYER Map Account

KNOWING WHERE THINGS ARE IN THE PUBLIC REALM allows a neighbourhood NEIGHBOURHOOD RESIDENTS AND MUNICIPAL STAFF will each have accounts to be safe, efcient, and responsive. that permit them to interact with the city environment and services. Visitors can also opt to have an account to help them experience For example, efcient mobility relies on knowing where self-driving the neighbourhood. The account will provide access to places and vehicles are, and safety can be increased by letting cyclists know when resources they want to take advantage of. It will also enable them to there is a danger of collision. Keeping track of public events, and helping connect neighbors with each other and with and municipal employees. people fnd out what is going on at a glance, will improve people’s While fne-grained information about the public realm and the objects experience of the neighbourhood. Understanding the patterns of use in it enables greater efciency and quality of life, it also necessitates a of parks, roads, and other resources permits better planning. careful approach to authentication and permissions to ensure privacy Map records the location of all parts of the public realm in real time, is maintained and control is appropriately circumscribed. from the largest buildings to the smallest environmental sensors. This Authentication of people as well as automated processes includes the fxed objects—buildings, roads, park benches—and those ensures that the platform can identify those who request access that move—autonomous vehicles, delivery robots, drones. Map enables to data or control over physical objects. A universal permissions people and things to move around the neighbourhood with maximum system can then enforce which information and entities a safety, confdence, and efciency. particular individual has the rights to access or modify.

In Quayside, real time information on the environment will fow through Map, producing real-time snapshots of the neighbourhood. This information will directly beneft residents and visitors through its use in applications like Flow, Sidewalk’s mobility subsidiary.

76 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Use Cases: Ordinary Use and Emergency Situations

Examples of Map and Account in action:

• A resident uses his or her account to temporarily grant a maintenance worker access to their front door. The door lock uses Policy and Permissions APIs to retrieve the required confdence threshold to grant entry.

• A car is allowed to use a street segment for a period of time.

• A building superintendent is granted rights to access apartments to conduct repairs.

• The fre department is given access, on emergency basis, to any apartment where a fre alarm is triggered.

The image at left shows the data that a combination of Sense, Map, and Account could make available to frefghters during a crisis. Emergency- only permissions could grant frefghters unrestricted access to data at a crisis location, assessing the environment and expediting the process of fnding people in a harmful situation, while still preventing personally identifable information from being easily obtained.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 77 Product Development Strategy: Quayside Pilot: Eastern Waterfront Manifestation: DIGITAL LAYER

Sense Development of Sense is under way through experimentation with Sidewalk will likely deploy a larger range of technologies than Extending this approach to the Eastern Waterfront will create existing sensors, cameras, lidar, radar, and accompanying computer strictly necessary in Quayside in order to learn what works best economies of scale in the manufacture, installation, and operation Roadmap vision and machine learning techniques. Sidewalk plans to deploy and which applications are most important. The opportunity to of Sense technologies. The sensors and supporting power and these in existing cities—including Toronto, if possible—to establish integrate these technologies into the urban infrastructure at high communications networks will have been value-engineered, and the right technical approaches, reduce risk, and to start to value density over a signifcant area will provide opportunities for learning the platform supporting the sensors will be tested and ready for engineer the technologies that appear to be promising. available nowhere else in the world. The sensor network will be scaling. The larger scale will represent real “big data”—where responsible for helping to run the neighbourhood from day to day, machine learning techniques that work best with massive quantities but will probably involve a higher level of manual confguration and of measurements will be applicable. These datasets will transform monitoring than if at a larger scale. our understanding of urban environments, and will allow us to automatically confgure, monitor, and optimize the neighbourhood.

Model Sidewalk is investing in the data science research needed to bootstrap Sidewalk will apply the modelling framework to the Toronto region Learning from the Quayside site, Sidewalk can scale its models to a region-wide activity-based model that uses mobile location data. and calibrate it against Toronto’s regional travel demand model. work on the larger site using the same tools and methods. At this Leveraging the kinds of aggregated, anonymized data that Google Such a regional model, running on Google’s Cloud Computing scale, neighbourhood-internal transportation modelling becomes has made available through the Better Cities program, Sidewalk’s platform, will allow Sidewalk to model the interactions between much more interesting—especially since this is likely to be the initial model calibration will focus on multimodal transportation, the neighbourhood and its environs—evaluating many what-if first large autonomous vehicle-only district in the world. which includes private cars, public transit, private transit, ride-sharing scenarios in parallel. Specifically, Sidewalk can forecast how many services, bicycle, and walking. Similarly, using census and other neighbourhood-external trips will be generated by “attractors” in open data, Sidewalk is building synthetic populations to support the neighbourhood. The same model can be used during the high-fdelity models that enable a signifcant leap in accuracy and design process to study neighbourhood-internal travel patterns consistency in the state of the art of urban simulation. and the relative attractiveness of novel travel modes. As the development team sets the desired population and land-use patterns, the model will update the demand conditions for mobility, services, and LQIUDVWUXFWXUH

Map Sidewalk is developing the frst version of Map to support the output Quayside will produce orders of magnitude more data about district At the Eastern Waterfront scale, Map will be fully realized—the of Sense experimentation, including analyzing the paths and fow layout and operation than is available in existing cities. As the master schema will have been expanded to cover the diversity of building rates of vehicles through intersections and measuring air quality in plan and the plans for individual buildings are produced, they will types, public spaces, vehicle types, and activities. The size of the existing cities. Through Sidewalk's subsidiary Flow, which focuses be stored in Map—even before construction. Sidewalk will also add neighbourhood will make Map indispensable for navigation and on mobility, Sidewalk is surveying existing cities—particularly curb the results of surveys conducted with technology based on Google’s awareness—whereas people will be able to grasp the whole layout space—at high resolution. Likewise, Flow is collaborating with Google Tango platform, which uses stereoscopic and inertial techniques to of Quayside from macro to micro, Map will be necessary to fnding to contribute real-time urban information to users via Google Maps. capture the as-built environment efciently. During the operation one’s way around and discovering what is going on at the other end of the Quayside neighbourhood, real-time state information on the of the neighbourhood. Similarly, Map’s support for the operation environment will fow through Map producing a real-time snapshot of the neighbourhood will require new summary analyses and and recording historical information for retrospective analytics. intelligent alerts to permit efciencies of scale.

Account Sidewalk is actively investigating existing technologies that support Quayside will introduce the concept of a single-login portal to The Eastern Waterfront will be able to take advantage of novel identity and authentication—from commonly used identity systems residents, administrators, and visitors. There will be cases where uses developed in Quayside from day one. Developers will have such as Google and Facebook to sophisticated cryptographic proofs the portal will be critical to providing services in a secure, efcient the opportunity to build in many of the experiences and abilities of identity and authorizations. Sidewalk believes, for example, that way. But there will be new uses created by the developers working enabled by the Account systems as Sidewalk and its partners design it will be possible to prove the right to access a particular resource as part of the urban innovation institute that can’t be anticipated. infrastructure and processes in the broader Eastern Waterfront. without revealing identity, which reduces the attack surface for This is where the power of a consistent identity system will begin to the system. We are drawing on Google’s signifcant experience and emerge—as developers start to take advantage of a preexisting identity product thinking in this area to ensure that the permissions system is and permissions framework that allows them to access resources and both easy to use and secure. perform tasks on behalf of users, innovation will accelerate.

78 PROJECTRFP NO. SIDEWALK 2017-13 APPENDIX DIGITALPURPOSEFUL LAYER SOLUTIONS 79 Quayside Pilot: Eastern Waterfront Manifestation:

Sidewalk will likely deploy a larger range of technologies than Extending this approach to the Eastern Waterfront will create strictly necessary in Quayside in order to learn what works best economies of scale in the manufacture, installation, and operation and which applications are most important. The opportunity to of Sense technologies. The sensors and supporting power and integrate these technologies into the urban infrastructure at high communications networks will have been value-engineered, and density over a signifcant area will provide opportunities for learning the platform supporting the sensors will be tested and ready for available nowhere else in the world. The sensor network will be scaling. The larger scale will represent real “big data”—where responsible for helping to run the neighbourhood from day to day, machine learning techniques that work best with massive quantities but will probably involve a higher level of manual confguration and of measurements will be applicable. These datasets will transform monitoring than if at a larger scale. our understanding of urban environments, and will allow us to automatically confgure, monitor, and optimize the neighbourhood.

Sidewalk will apply the modelling framework to the Toronto region Learning from the Quayside site, Sidewalk can scale its models to and calibrate it against Toronto’s regional travel demand model. work on the larger site using the same tools and methods. At this Such a regional model, running on Google’s Cloud Computing scale, neighbourhood-internal transportation modelling becomes platform, will allow Sidewalk to model the interactions between much more interesting—especially since this is likely to be the the neighbourhood and its environs—evaluating many what-if first large autonomous vehicle-only district in the world. scenarios in parallel. Specifically, Sidewalk can forecast how many neighbourhood-external trips will be generated by “attractors” in the neighbourhood. The same model can be used during the design process to study neighbourhood-internal travel patterns and the relative attractiveness of novel travel modes. As the development team sets the desired population and land-use patterns, the model will update the demand conditions for mobility, services, and LQIUDVWUXFWXUH

Quayside will produce orders of magnitude more data about district At the Eastern Waterfront scale, Map will be fully realized—the layout and operation than is available in existing cities. As the master schema will have been expanded to cover the diversity of building plan and the plans for individual buildings are produced, they will types, public spaces, vehicle types, and activities. The size of the be stored in Map—even before construction. Sidewalk will also add neighbourhood will make Map indispensable for navigation and the results of surveys conducted with technology based on Google’s awareness—whereas people will be able to grasp the whole layout Tango platform, which uses stereoscopic and inertial techniques to of Quayside from macro to micro, Map will be necessary to fnding capture the as-built environment efciently. During the operation one’s way around and discovering what is going on at the other end of the Quayside neighbourhood, real-time state information on the of the neighbourhood. Similarly, Map’s support for the operation environment will fow through Map producing a real-time snapshot of the neighbourhood will require new summary analyses and and recording historical information for retrospective analytics. intelligent alerts to permit efciencies of scale.

Quayside will introduce the concept of a single-login portal to The Eastern Waterfront will be able to take advantage of novel residents, administrators, and visitors. There will be cases where uses developed in Quayside from day one. Developers will have the portal will be critical to providing services in a secure, efcient the opportunity to build in many of the experiences and abilities way. But there will be new uses created by the developers working enabled by the Account systems as Sidewalk and its partners design as part of the urban innovation institute that can’t be anticipated. infrastructure and processes in the broader Eastern Waterfront. This is where the power of a consistent identity system will begin to emerge—as developers start to take advantage of a preexisting identity and permissions framework that allows them to access resources and perform tasks on behalf of users, innovation will accelerate.

DIGITALPURPOSEFUL LAYER SOLUTIONS 79 Sustainability Toronto is a global leader in urban sustainability, and its revitalized waterfront must refect and advance its environmental ambitions. Sidewalk Labs envisions Quayside as the testing ground for breakthroughs in a broad set of sustainability-related innovations, including energy efcient buildings, electricity management, district heating and cooling, solid waste, and water. Taken together, these will make Quayside the most greenhouse gas–efcient neighbourhood in North America. And they will set the stage for the Eastern Waterfront to become the frst truly climate positive community on Earth. SUSTAINABILITY Realizing the Vision for Climate Positive

An Ambitious but Achievable Approach

Waterfront Toronto’s commitment to making importantly, the Eastern Waterfront’s scale the Eastern Waterfront climate positive will allow us to tap three major sources of establishes a high bar. While sustainability available thermal energy: the Portlands targets are easy to set, realizing ambitious Energy Centre, the Ashbridges Wastewater goals requires careful planning, diligent Treatment Plant, and Lake Ontario itself. execution, and above all a commitment to Any one of these would make the Eastern achieving and reporting progress. Waterfront Climate Positive; all three will make it a major supplier of clean thermal Sidewalk has developed strategies to make energy to the rest of downtown Toronto. Quayside itself nearly climate positive. We believe this is achievable through a set of enhancements to current technology: Passive House buildings with advanced building controls; a fexible thermal grid that draws on multiple sources of green thermal energy; an advanced microgrid both to generate onsite power and to manage power drawn from the grid; and an innovative approach to handling solid waste. In Quayside, many of these solutions will be at their early stages, making the neighbourhood a testing ground for urban innovation. These innovations will bear fruit when applied at the scale of the Eastern Waterfront. Most The sustainable design of the Lower Don Lands park refects the commitment of Waterfront Toronto to realize its Climate Positive ambitions. Credit: C40

82 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX A Roadmap to a Climate Positive Eastern Waterfront

Per capita annual GHG emissions, CO2e metric tons The impact of the Stationary Toronto includes many advanced microgrid A best-practice set of older existing buildings, is small due to A fexible thermal demand management Transport** industrial-use buildings, Ontario’s generally grid will tap techniques (e.g., no free and more auto-dependent clean electric supply waste heat from 8 parking, transit passes) neighbourhoods the buildings will reduce GHGs by 7.37 New construction themselves, their SLGHZDON V concepts for 0.3 tonnes per capita downtown requires sewerage, and water and waste handling 7 higher energy geothermal will reduce another 0.23 efciency and has SLGHZDON’s mobility tonnes, mainly through less strategy will reduce lower rates of auto waste generation and far At the scale of the Eastern 6 emissions by 1.42 dependency better material recovery Waterfront, it will be possible to tap WDWHUIURQW tonnes per capita 7RURQWR VKLJK SLGHZDON’s vision for the waste heat and cool from three JUHHQEXLOGLQJ massive sources, any one of which 5 Quayside will result 4.37 VWDQGDUGVDQG in a per-capita GHG would make the Eastern Waterfront 7'0VWUDWHJ\ 4.28 Achieving footprint of just over climate positive. All together, they Passive House half a tonne, by far will make the waterfront a major 4 0.68 standards, along exporter of thermal energy to the rest Mton CO2e/capita/yr Mton the lowest of any of downtown 0.34 3.26 with additional neighbourhood in active demand North America With these,WKH 3 management 2.10 (DVWHUQ:DWHUIURQW controls 1.42 1.42 ZLOOKDYHD VLJQLILFDQWFOLPDWH 2 SRVLWLYHLPSDFW

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83 PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS SUSTAINABILITY Reducing Energy Demand: Building Standards

CORE TO ANY URBAN sustainability strategy is having buildings that are highly efcient. Waterfront Toronto has set a high bar with its Minimum Green Building Requirements, but Air-tight Sidewalk Labs believes that Quayside Enclosure can be the largest cluster of large-scale Passive House buildings yet constructed in North America. Combined with advanced demand management, we Balanced Ventilation with Heat Recovery believe we can reduce building-related energy consumption by 25 percent over the Waterfront Toronto MGBR at a reasonable cost.

Passive House Solar Orientation

The Passive House standard has been much more common in Europe than in North America, although it has recently been applied to a limited number of large-scale buildings here. An older High-performance High Insulation standard than LEED, Passive House is based on Windows a design philosophy rather than a points system. The lessons of one such building, on Cornell University’s new Roosevelt Island campus in New York City, inform Sidewalk's thinking here, both in terms of areas that will require innovation and in Sidewalk's confdence that the incremental cost of Passive House will decline signifcantly if it is deployed in several buildings at once. A schematic showing key design features of the Passive House. Core to Passive House is the idea that design should take into account the natural fows of thermal energy, including managing direct solar energy as the seasons change, guiding warmer and cooler air to fow where it is needed rather than simply being vented, and using heat pumps rather than combustion.

84 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX LEED vs. Passive House

A key diference between the Passive House and LEED standards is that LEED uses a point system with some mandatory achievements, while Passive House has a limited set of specifc energy performance targets and a design philosophy. Passive House energy targets are set based on climate zone; the fgures shown here are appropriate for Toronto.

LEED Gold v4 Passive House

• Points-based system • Absolute energy targets, based on climate zone

• Energy points are awarded from 1 to 10 points for energy cost • Heating load ≤ 10 W/m2, annual savings of 10.5% to 42% heating demand ≤ 15 kWh/m2, annual primary energy demand ≤ 120 kWh/m2, thermal bridging Psi ≤ • Points for some design choices 0.0, airtightness ≤ 0.60 ACH@50Pa but all are optional

• Design philosophy to manage heat/ • Controllability of systems, cool/light passively lighting = 1 point

• Maximize solar gains for winter, • Site development, protect or minimize solar gains for summer restore habitat = 1 point

• Keep window sizes smaller to prevent leakage

At 26 stories, Cornell Tech's residential tower is the tallest Passive House building ever built. It is projected to achieve a 73% reduction in overall energy consumption compared to the median of comparable New York City buildings. Although Passive House added 5-10% to the cost of this building, key cost drivers were identifed as sources of future innovation and savings, such as developing new techniques for testing how well the building is sealed. Credit: Cornell Tech

85 PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS SUSTAINABILITY Active Demand Management

Active Demand Management

Active demand management systems use data Alphabet’s Nest thermostat represents an In some cases, active demand management Overall, the potential for active energy savings to minimize demand. Data, especially predictive example of applying computer learning goes well beyond the basic types of occupancy in a Passive House structure actually exceed information, about the drivers of demand, principles to the control of heating and cooling sensors and other systems that many LEED the savings over Waterfront Toronto’s MGBR, enable signifcant tailoring of consumption; in single-family homes. In a multi-family or ofce buildings have; it is possible, for example, to and many of these active savings opportunities this includes pre-warming a building when setting, good controls will be applied to HVAC, have conference room screens “sleep” when would not be available without the Passive a day is expected to be cold, or reducing air lighting, computers, and other major sources. a central calendar does not show a meeting House design. conditioning on a summer afternoon when While the Passive House standard emphasizes scheduled. In other cases, the thermal inertia calendars indicate that many employees are the passive management of thermal energy, a that is designed into a Passive House building planning to leave early. Even more signifcant Passive House building’s insulation also makes makes it an excellent candidate for highly are smaller-scale interventions, such as room- it an excellent candidate for active energy intelligent building management, such as specifc thermostats that drive variable-speed management. pre-heating and pre-cooling during of-peak fans to balance temperatures across rooms. hours based on temperature predictions for the subsequent day.

Electricity Consumption of a Mid-sized Passive House Ofce Building and Impact of Active Controls

Electrical Load % of Total Impact Control

HVAC 25% High Occupancy sensors, compensation with outdoors

Lighting (Overhead) 16% High Occupancy sensors plus natural lighting

Lighting (Task) 3% Medium Occupancy sensors

Kitchen Appliances 7.5% High Power up/down based on occupancy

Desktop Computers 9.5% High Predict powering up/down based on occupancy patterns and Monitors

Laptops 6.5% Low Designed for minimum drain

Printers/Copiers + Conference room 19% High Predict powering up/down based on occupancy patterns screens

Other 14.5% n/a Other features designed for minimum drain

86 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Passive House and Active Demand Management Thermal Savings (per sq m)

160 Thermal Requirements 140 Passive House Savings 120 0.28 Active Demand Management Savings 13.3 100 6.7

kWh/sq m/yr kWh/sq 10 80 Thermal Savings 164 33.3 60 111 Given the variability of the climate, thermal energy is the largest 8.3 aspect of energy demand for buildings in Toronto, and the focus 40 of Passive House design thinking. Between Passive House design and active demand management, Sidewalk Labs expects to 20 39.5 reduce thermal energy demand by more than 64 percent of the Waterfront Toronto MGBR. The largest single area of potential 0 is in actively managing the thermal energy that Passive House Toronto WT MGBR Daylighting Airtightness Additional Triple- Energy BMS and Quayside design keeps within the building, an exciting potential synergy Tier 1 Insulation glazed Recovery Occupancy windows (heat Controls between these two approaches. recovery + free cooling)

Passive House and Active Demand Management Electricity Savings (per sq m)

80 Thermal Requirement 70 Passive House Electric Savings Savings 60 Active Demand 1.0 1.5 Management Savings Electric demand is only one-third of the overall demand of either 50 a Tier 1 or an MGBR building. Although we expect another 25 4.1 2.0 percent reduction based mainly on active demand management, m/yr kWh/sq 40 3.8 much of the remainder is the plug load, which is difcult to 78.8 reduce further, as it comprises the computers, appliances, and 30 other systems that serve the users of the buildings. 51.2

20 38.6

10

0 Toronto WT MGBR Daylighting Energy Efcient BMS and Plug Load Quayside Tier 1 Efcient Drives, Occupancy Reduction Lighting Motors & Controls & Demand Pumps Management

87 PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS SUSTAINABILITY Providing Clean Energy: Advanced Microgrid

AS THE PRICE OF photovoltaics continues to decline, Per Capita Electricity Consumption from the Grid the key constraint on increasing onsite renewable generation in urban environments is less about cost and more about grid interactions. This is because it is still impossible to power multi-storey buildings entirely from onsite power generation, and that problem is not expected to be solved in the foreseeable future. 10 To innovate around this challenge, Sidewalk envisions Quayside as a place where a combination of onsite Quayside’s 8 generation, onsite storage, and inter-building trading microgrid creates a microgrid that maximizes onsite generation, will generate 10% of the minimizes the greenhouse gas footprint of imported neighbourhoods load via onsite PV electricity, and reduces the stress that large amounts of 6 solar power may put on the surrounding electric grid. 9.2

Waterfront Toronto has set an ambitious goal that onsite MWh/person/yr 4 1.5 renewable power generation meet at least 10 percent 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.2 of annual electricity demand. We believe this will be 0.03 0.05 4.4 0.3 achievable with 50 percent of the roof space, so that the 2 2.9 2.3 remainder can be used for green roofs. Depending on 2.0 the site plan, and the evolution of technology, façade- 0 integrated PV may also be feasible. However, given how Citywide Toronto LEED Gold WT Passive Active Heat Rooftop Ferry Quayside Additional Efciency Eastern clean Ontario’s grid is during of-peak hours, adding Average Tier 1 + high– MGBR House Demand Pump PV and Terminal Public at Scale Waterfront Con- efciency Mgmt Standard Mgmt Electric Storage Rooftop Realm PV + battery storage and managing the system to optimize sumption, appliances & EV PV + Storage 2013 Charging Storage when it draws electricity from the grid is likely to be actuals the most environmental and economic approach to providing clean electricity supply for Quayside and the Eastern Waterfront.

88 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Managing a Microgrid to Lower Emissions and Costs

The microgrid uses solar and battery storage to store, generate, and To manage the microgrid efciently, a local independent consume power when it is cheapest and cleanest. system operator (ISO) will use cutting-edge software and smart metering technology installed throughout Quayside to Quayside Sunset: 7:40pm balance electricity supply and demand seamlessly between 25 microgrid will buildings and manage trading with the wholesale market. produce solar Microgrid during peak times consumes clean The local ISO will maximize Quayside’s economic and carbon Microgrid battery power efciency, as well as ensure that its onsite generation does buys clean during rest of peak power at night period after sunset not cause any disruption to Toronto Hydro’s grid stability. 20 The ISO will dispatch clean power stored in the microgrid’s batteries to avoid peak costs and lower Quayside’s emissions Natural Gas Solar factor. In the summer, the ISO will buy power at night from the grid when it is relatively cheap and clean, and store it in Wind 15 batteries to be consumed during the hours of peak demand when electricity from the grid is dirtiest and most expensive. Water When the sun begins to set and demand from the grid steeply increases, referred to as the “duck curve,” the ISO will smooth

Generation (MW in thousands) 10 out the curve by gradually dispatching excess stored solar energy as the sun goes down. Finally, when the power goes out, the ISO will disengage from the grid and distribute Nuclear Quayside’s onsite generation where it is needed most. 5

0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Hour

This graph shows Ontario’s electricity demand curve on September 7, 2016 using data sourced from the Ontario Ministry of Energy.

89 PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS SUSTAINABILITY Flexible Thermal Grid

AS HOME TO ENWAVE’S DEEP LAKE COOLING system, Toronto is already a user The tremendous advantage of a fexible thermal grid will be realized of one of the most innovative district energy systems in North America, and most fully at the Eastern Waterfront scale. Two massive sources of waste both the city and Waterfront Toronto have strongly endorsed expanding heat exist in and near the waterfront: the Portlands Energy Centre power district heating and cooling as a sustainable approach to providing the plant (PEC) and the Ashbridges Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). thermal energy that Toronto’s climate demands. Most district energy Traditional district energy systems would have difculty using these systems focus on capturing thermal energy from one reliable source of heat sources, because their output is highly variable. As a peaker plant, the or cool; to the extent that source is variable, they usually rely on mechanical PEC only operates about a quarter of the time; the sewage fowing into chillers or boilers to compensate for the times when it is unavailable. This the Ashbridges treatment plant is generally warm but its temperature makes all district energy systems somewhat reliant on fossil fuels, and also varies during rainfall and snowmelt due to Toronto’s combined sewer prevents such systems from tapping large but highly variable sources of system. Thanks to the grid-management impact of the proposed central energy. thermal-balancing centres, and the reliable heat thrown of by the neighbourhood’s own sewage and ground-source heat pumps, the heat As Waterfront Toronto’s innovation partner, Sidewalk will organize the from these two facilities can be captured, saving tremendous amounts of development of a truly fexible “thermal grid." The thermal grid will capture fossil fuel consumption. heat and cool from multiple sources, balance it in a thermal energy centre, and distribute it to buildings via hot and cold water pipes, just as the The Eastern Waterfront also provides the scale necessary to fnance energy grid taps multiple sources of electricity generation and manages the construction of a new Deep Lake Cooling system. Although such a the electric grid to match demand. But since its main components are a system does not require a fexible thermal grid, thanks to the lake’s layer hot-water tank and a cold-water tank, a thermal energy centre will not of reliably cold water, the capital investment necessary will require a be a dangerous or noxious land use, making it far easier to site than most committed user base much larger than Quayside. electrical facilities. Any one of these three sources would generate far more thermal energy In Quayside, the system will draw on ground-source heat and cold pumps, than the Eastern Waterfront actually needs, and thus could be exported sewage generated by the neighbourhood itself, and the anaerobic digester to the rest of Toronto. If all three sources were tapped as part of the envisioned as part of the neighbourhood’s waste system. The system will Eastern Waterfront, it would have the potential to cover a large portion of also include a return loop, which will efectively capture waste heat and downtown Toronto’s thermal energy needs. cool from the participating buildings themselves.

90 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Multiple Sources of Reusable Thermal Energy

Several sources of thermal energy are available at both Quayside and Eastern Waterfront. However, the scale of the Eastern Waterfront allows us to tap the tremendous potential of three sources: the PEC, Lake Ontario, and Ashbridges Wastewater Treatment Plant.

Quayside Technical Potential (MWh) 10,792 1,854 1,784 n/a n/a n/a

Eastern Waterfront Technical Potential (MWh) 119,814 56,203 20,745 400,000 1,250,790* 900,000

*Assumes a new facility sized similarly to the current Enwave Deep Lake system.

91 PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS SUSTAINABILITY Managing Solid Waste Wisely: Smart Disposal Chain

Waste Strategy Solid Waste System

Toronto’s 2016 solid waste management plan set a citywide waste The solid waste system Sidewalk ➀ imagines has four components: (1) reduction target of 70 percent diversion of recyclables and organics Organic-waste macerator by 2026, and Waterfront Toronto is set to meet that goal in future organics disposal units, conveniently Every commercial and residential developments. Sidewalk proposes managing waste to meet the located in every kitchen and ofce; kitchen will have macerators that target with four main strategies that will exceed Waterfront Toronto’s (2) chutes for inorganics that scan grind, dilute, and pipe organic standards. First, organic waste macerators will be incorporated and charge for what is disposed; (3) a waste to a waste container in the basement utility channels. into every kitchen, creating a direct and easy way to separate out waste haulage system that relies on organics; this will feed into the waste system rather than the sewer autonomous vehicle technology; and system (which is prohibited in Toronto). Second, pay-as-you-throw (4) recovery centres to aggregate and (PAYT) incentive structures will be implemented in multi-family process waste. residences, incentivizing lower waste-generation rates and enabling three-bin separation where traditionally diversion rates have been low. Third, trash will be transported below ground in dedicated utility channels, reducing the trafc impact of collection and lowering associated emissions. Lastly, local recovery and processing of organic ➁ ➂ waste will be provided, enabling the collection of the methane Smart chute Autonomous waste from the digestion process to generate heat for the thermal grid. transport The smart chute uses Overall, Sidewalk expects a reduction of landfll waste of more than digital technology to Industrial autonomous 90 percent, with much of that coming from waste reduction and implement PAYT in pallets will facilitate solid anaerobic digestion, two of the most environmentally benefcial multifamily buildings, waste removal within approaches to waste reduction. leveraging research that utility channels that shows that accountability connect every basement and payments drive to central facilities. down waste generation and increases recycling. A next-gen version will Current Toronto Diversion Sidewalk Projected Diversion Rate Rate verify and sort disposals by recycling category. Single Family 66% n/a ➃ Recovery Centres Multi-Family 26% 90% at minimum In Quayside, an anaerobic digester will accept containerized organic waste and process it onsite. At the Industrial, Commercial, scale of the waterfront, an onsite Institutional 13-18% 90% at minimum materials recovery facility is feasible.

92 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Annual Waste Diversion to Landfll

While Toronto approaches 70% recycling rates for single-family homes, it achieves only 26% diversion for multi- family residential buildings.

PAYT technology and enforcement enable higher recycling rates and lower waste generation in multi-family than previously achievable and mandated by Waterfront Toronto.

10 High uptake is achieved via in-unit macerators Sidewalk will meet WT and automated MGBR requirement with 2.35 conveyance to the dedicated electronics 8 anaerobic digester. disposal space and pickup program.

1.94 6

9.84 0.98 kg/sq m/yr (100’s) m/yr kg/sq

4 7.49 2.11

5.55

2 1.68 0.09 0.69 0.01 0.68

0 Toronto BAU Toronto BAU Toronto BAU WT Mandated WT MBGR Generation Organics Improved Electronic and Quayside Efciency Eastern Generation Recycling Rate Landflled Recycling Rate Landflled Reduction Separation Recycling via bulky waste at Scale Waterfront Rates for Multi-Family (to Digester) PAYT Scanner, program Enforcement, Advanced

93 PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS SUSTAINABILITY Product Development Strategy: Roadmap Building Sidewalk will leverage expertise in developing large-scale North American Passive House projects to pilot an innovation agenda Standards for buildings likely to include new approaches to testing seals and managing thermal exchanges between rooms and across multiple foors. Sidewalk will also work with Passive House Canada to explore standards appropriate to the innovative building designs that Sidewalk envisions (e.g., modular construction).

Active Sidewalk will initiate the development of building control products for the multi-family market, including exploring potential partnerships with Demand Nest and similar companies. Management

Advanced Sidewalk will identify a proposed microgrid project, likely in Ontario or New York State, to use as a test bed for software developed to optimize Microgrid the internal trading of electricity across the grid and utilization of onsite storage to optimize power drawn from the grid.

Thermal Grid Sidewalk will partner with an established district energy frm to co- develop a fexible thermal grid. This will likely involve developing or optimizing existing software to accommodate the smooth integration of multiple intermittent thermal loads as well as reimagining the design of the thermal energy centre.

94 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Quayside Pilot: Eastern Waterfront Manifestation:

Sidewalk will seek to use Passive House, or an equivalent standard, as Based on the learnings from Quayside, Sidewalk will refne the building its basis for buildings constructed within Quayside. In cases of non- standards. The objective of Passive House on the Eastern Waterfront traditional construction techniques, Sidewalk will work with Passive will be reach Passive House standards at less than a 1 percent cost House Canada to develop viable alternatives if and when existing premium to traditional construction. Passive House standards prove not to be viable for those types of innovative construction.

Sidewalk will implement demand management systems and mandate Sidewalk will refne and expand on active demand management standards for active demand management, which will incorporate systems developed for Quayside to improve performance and standards into all buildings a data-reporting system compliant with Waterfront across buildings in the Eastern Waterfront. Toronto’s requirements.

Sidewalk will implement an advanced microgrid within Quayside, The Eastern Waterfront will include a large microgrid using including the requisite software to manage the exchange and storage of technology evolved from the Quayside microgrid. Quayside will be electricity on the microgrid and optimize the electricity purchased from integrated into this new, larger microgrid. the main power grid.

Sidewalk will implement a fexible thermal grid, including at least one Sidewalk and its thermal energy partners will construct a new deep neighbourhood-scale thermal energy centre. The system will draw from lake cooling centre and will undertake a project to capture waste heat local sewers, ground-source heat pumps, an onsite anaerobic digester, from the Portland Energy Centre and the Ashbridges treatment plant. and waste heat/cool fows from the buildings themselves. Critical to the fnancial success of these ventures will be the extension and integration of the thermal grid into adjacent parts of Toronto so that excess thermal energy can be economically delivered beyond the Eastern Waterfront.

95 PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS SUSTAINABILITY Product Development Strategy: Roadmap Smart Disposal Sidewalk will implement the smart disposal system in Quayside, including macerators in kitchens, smart chutes with PAYT capability Chain for inorganic waste, a robot-powered waste movement system, and an onsite anaerobic digester at either the neighbourhood or the building scale.

Utility Sidewalk will develop the ideal design for the utility channels, including pathways for robot delivery and waste haulage. Channels

96 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Quayside Pilot: Eastern Waterfront Manifestation:

Sidewalk will develop phase one of the "smart chute" as an internal Sidewalk will expand the smart disposal system across the Eastern product development efort. It will partner with existing industrial Waterfront. Smart chutes will identify types of waste and sort robotics frms to assess the requirements for a waste transport system, recyclables at the point-of-throw. Due to the scale of the Eastern and will likely develop the standard container appropriate to building- Waterfront, an advanced materials recovery facility will operate on the generated waste (both organic and solid) internally. It will develop a Eastern Waterfront, separating waste and shipping separated reusable partnership with a proven neighbourhood-scale anaerobic digester materials to users. producer.

Sidewalk will implement utility channels throughout Quayside. Channel Utility channels based on the Quayside design and updated to design will be tested across a variety of criteria to further optimize the include learnings from Quayside will be deployed across the Eastern design and concept. Waterfront.

97 PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS SUSTAINABILITY Assumptions and Figures Used to Estimate GHG Emissions Overall Assumptions: Energy, water, and waste values are calculated by multiplying an assumed building gross foor area for each land- use type by the generation value (e.g., Energy Use Intensity, Waste Generation Intensity) for that land use. Carbon emissions are calculated based on the total energy (electricity and thermal), water, and waste consumption, multiplied by the respective carbon coefcient. Data based on a conjectural full-build Quayside population of 7,482.

Category Sources and Assumptions Values

Citywide Average

Buildings (and Waste) Toronto’s 2013 Greenhouse Gas Inventory GHGs: 12,205,605 mtons GHGs Population: 8,383,396

Transport GHGs Toronto’s 2013 Greenhouse Gas Inventory GHGs: 8,383,396 mtons Population: 8,383,396

New Build in Downtown Toronto

Buildings Area SLGHZDON V Program (sample) Quayside: Total: 468,637 sq m (76% residential, 18% commercial/ofce, and 6% retail)

Building Energy Use The EUIs for Toronto Green Standard Tier 1 (2015)—a 15% improvement Residential: electric (83 kWh/m2/yr), thermal (177 kWh/m2/yr) over 2012 Ontario Building Code Commercial: electric (66 kWh/m2/yr), thermal (124 kWh/m2/yr) Retail: electric (36 kWh/m2/yr), thermal (115 kWh/m2/yr) Social: electric (95 kWh/m2/yr), thermal (122 kWh/m2/yr)

Water City of Toronto Water Efciency Plan (use and residential composition); Residential: 221 LPPD Ontario sewer codes (use for non-residential) Commercial: 4 L/m2/day Non-residential composition values derived from AWWARF Retail: 5 L/m2/day

Water-Related Energy for water treatment and wastewater treatment (Water Use Water: 700 kWh/ML Energy Use Model for Quantifying Environmental and Economic Sustainability Wastewater: 820 kWh/ML Indicators. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management)

98 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Category Sources and Assumptions Values

New Build in Downtown Toronto (continued)

Waste City of Toronto residential generation values and diversion rates (Final Residential: 1.12 kg/hh/day (assumption of 71.1 sq m per hh) Long Term Waste Management Strategy) Residential (multi-family) diversion: 26% Commercial: 0.0267 kg/m2/day Non-residential generation and composition derived from CalRecycle Retail: 0.026 kg/m2/day Institutionial, Commercial, Industrial diversion rate: 18%

Transport SidewalN V analysis for trips 13 km vehicle/trip

Trip distance 6.5 km public transit/trip

Mode split Car driver (33%), Car Passenger (8%), Public Transport (34%), Active Transport (20%), Other (5%)

Residential trips Trips by residents: 17,771/day

Total trips Total trips: 45,974/day

99 PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS SUSTAINABILITY Assumptions and Figures Used to Estimate GHG Emissions

Category Sources and Assumptions Values

New Build in Downtown Toronto (continued)

Carbon Dioxide Emission Factor for electricity - Environment Canada. National Electricity: 50.1 g/kWh Equivalents Inventory Report: Greenhouse gas sources and sinks in Canada. Thermal (gas): 189 g/kWh

Environment Canada and Natural Resources Canada. “Determination Waste Landfll: paper (0.240 mton CO2eq/mtonnes waste), of the Impact of Waste Management Activities on Greenhouse Gas food (0.830 mton CO2eq/mton waste) Emissions: 2005 Update Final Report, Contract No. K2216-04-0006”. Waste GHG Calculator Emission Factors. October 2009 Waste AD: food (-0.23 mton CO2eq/mtonnes waste), yard: (-0.26 mton CO2eq/mton waste) Passenger vehicle emissions (source: EPA) Transit (kWh/km for San Francisco streetcar using TTC Flexity streetcar Passenger vehicle emissions: 417 g CO2e/mile, 21.6 mpg weight diference. TTC car is ~8x heavier) Transit: TTC Flexity streetcar 67.597 kWh/km, 50.1 gCOe2/ KWh (electricity grid power), 3,386.60 g CO2e/km, capacity of streetcar 251 people

LEED Gold+High Efciency Appliances

Buildings Energy Strawman assumption: 38,778 m2 of rooftop available 50% of roof cover solar photovoltaic Reductions are based on best practice based and previous WT MGBR 35% reduction from Toronto Green Standard Tier 1

Water Strawman assumption: 38,778 m2 of rooftop available 33% reduction from low-fow fxtures and efcient appliances, Precipitation: Canadian Climate Normals. Environment Canada (95% 10% rainwater harvesting from the roof, and no potable water for rooftop runof coefcient) irrigation. Reduction values were based on water fxture calculations and best Precipitation: 842.3 mm/yr practice. Rainwater harvesting values based on precipitation, roof area, and runof coefcients.

100 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Category Sources and Assumptions Values

LEED Gold+High Efciency Appliances (continued)

Waste 5% reduction due to waste generation reduction, 41% of recyclables 5% reduction due to waste generation reduction, 41% of and organics, and 50% of additional electronic and bulky waste recyclables and organics and 50% of additional electronic and diverted bulky waste diverted

Carbon Dioxide Emission Factor for electricity - Environment Canada. National Electricity: 50.1 g/kWh Equivalents Inventory Report: Greenhouse gas sources and sinks in Canada. Thermal (gas): 189 g/kWh

Environment Canada and Natural Resources Canada. “Determination Waste Landfll: paper (0.240 mton CO2eq/mton waste), food of the Impact of Waste Management Activities on Greenhouse Gas (0.830 mton CO2eq/mton waste) Emissions: 2005 Update Final Report, Contract No. K2216-04-0006”. Waste GHG Calculator Emission Factors. October 2009 Waste AD: food (-0.23 mton CO2eq/mton waste), yard (-0.26 mton CO2eq/mton waste)

Transport Demand Management (TDM) Strategy - Transit Passes, Car Share, Bike Share, Limited Bike/Pedestrian Improvements

Transport Sidewalk V analysis TDM Mode split Car Driver (28%), Car Passenger (6%), Public Transport (33%), Active Transport (29%), Other (4%)

Residential trips Residential trips: 17,771 per day

Total trips Total trips: 44,932

101 PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS SUSTAINABILITY Assumptions and Figures Used to Estimate GHG Emissions

Category Sources and Assumptions Values

Sidewalk's Mobility Strategy: Transit Extensions, Shared Ride And Mobility-As-A-Service, Parking Management, Pedestrian Links Across The Gardiner Expressway, Assumes 60% Of Auto Trips Are Car-Share Evs, Remainder Consistent With 20% Car Ownership

Transport Sidewalk V analysis Mobility Change in mode split Car Driver (17%), Car Passenger (5%), Public Transport (34%), Active Transport (31%), Other (13%)

Change in total trips 7rips: 44,932

Transition of all residential trips to electric vehicles (no additional carbon 5esidential trips: 2,636 hit)

Sidewalk's Building Standards

Building Energy Use Passive House standards were assumed for all buildings. Electric: daylighting (2% reduction from WDWHUIURQW7RURQWR MGBR), energy efficient lighting (3% reduction from WT A parametric analysis process was built to calculate heating and MGBR), variable–frequency drives and efficient motors/pumps cooling energy demand in Quayside. The modelling allows the potential (8% reduction from WT MGBR), BMS and occupancy controls for energy sharing to be evaluated over the course of a typical year. (4% reduction from WT MGBR), plug load reduction and In this setup, a proportion of heating demand will be met using heat demand management (8% reduction from WT MGBR) recovery chillers and a proportion of the cooling demand could be met using free cooling at a given point in time. Thermal: daylighting (0.25% reduction from WT MGBR), airtightness (12% reduction from WT MGBR), additional Conditioning demand was modelled based upon zonal gains simulated insulation (6% reduction from WT MGBR), triple-glazed using IES energy modelling software. An Excel model was built to windows (9% reduction from WT MGBR), energy recovery (30% calculate the variation in heating and cooling demand. The use of a reduction from WT MGBR), BMS and occupancy controls (7.5% parametric Excel-based approach builds upon the reliable energy reduction from WT MGBR) calculations performed in IES. The model assumed Model National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings (MNECB) +25% as the baseline. Best–practice assumptions were assumed for plug loads and lighting reductions.

102 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Category Sources and Assumptions Values

Sidewalk's Advanced Microgrid

Electric Energy PV array: Assumes 17% efcient panel 19,389 m2 of roof area (50% roof area) and an assumed 1,550 sq ft ferry–terminal canopy (or canopy on waterfront facility in the public realm) area available at 180 kWh/m2 of roof area

Sidewalk's Flexible Thermal Grid

Thermal Energy Sewage Heat: (from various sources including SHARC, ThermWin, Sewage Heat (from SHARC manufacturer data): small system TubeWin, Rabtherm, PKS-Thermpipe, etc. manufacturer data) (0.96 kW(heat)/gpm at 220 gpm with COP of 5) Geothermal: Engineering assumptions BH (field tests required to verify) Geothermal: energy pile systems (20W/ft at 100 ft per borehole, Radiant Snowmelt System: Engineering assumptions BXURHDSSROG COP of 4, boreholes in Quayside (924) Anaerobic Digester: Engineering assumptions %XUR+DSSROG Radiant Snowmelt System: (0.51 BTU/lb @1oF (to 32oF), 144 BTU/lb @1oF (after 32oF), 0.625 lb/inch of snow) Electricity of heat pumps and pumps subtracted as penalty (different Anaerobic Digester: 100 m3 of biogas generated per tonne of heat pump COPs used) food waste

103 PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS SUSTAINABILITY Assumptions and Figures Used to Estimate GHG Emissions

Category Sources and Assumptions Values

Sidewalk's Water and Smart Waste Disposal System

Water Strawman assumption: 38,778 m2 of rooftop available, 18,725 m2 of 40% reduction from low–fow fxtures and efcient appliances hardscape 100% leak reduction Precipitation: Canadian Climate Normals. Environment Canada (95% rooftop runof coefcient) 95% rainwater harvesting for reuse and no potable water for irrigation Reduction values were based on water fxture calculations and best practice. 100% blackwater recycling in Eastern Waterfront

Rainwater harvesting values based on precipitation, roof area and runof coefcients.

Blackwater recycling (Eastern Waterfront) based on wastewater generated and potentially available after treatment at Ashbridges (additional non-potable water is available from city sources)

Waste Generation reduction based on best–practice waste programs and 15% reduction due to waste generation reduction source reduction programs 92% of recyclables and organics diverted Organic waste removed from waste stream via macerator 90% of additional electronic and bulky waste diverted Recyclables removed from the waste stream via separation due to PAYT (real-time charge and enforcement maximizes separation of recyclables for Quayside; future optical scanner ensure a minimum 90% separation)

Electronic, hazardous, and bulky waste room in buildings to remove these from the waste stream

104 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Category Sources and Assumptions Values

Efciency gains from scale

Buildings Area Based on the assumed diversity of mix of Eastern Waterfront compared Total (Eastern Waterfront): 7,803,933 sqm (46% residential, 25% to Quayside (i.e., increased mix of uses) commercial/ofce, 13% retail, and 15% social/institutional)

Deep Lake Cooling

Thermal Energy Lake Source Cooling: Enwave data (assumptions based on total tons of Lake Source Cooling: 1.98 kW(cool)/gpm at 72,000 gpm refrigeration per gpm potable) (assumes 40,600 tons refrigeration)

Ashbridges WWTP

Thermal Energy Sewage Heat: from various sources including SHARC, ThermWin, Sewage Heat 1.93 kW(heat)/gpm (Ashbridges assumed 50% TubeWin, Rabtherm, PKS-Thermpipe, etc. manufacturer data and daily of the year in use due to combined sewer), 106,804 gpm of treatment as Asbridges WWTP wastewater, COP of 5

Portlands Energy Centre

Thermal Energy Portlands Energy Centre: Information about size of system from Portlands Energy Centre: Assumes 200MW of heat available Environment Assessment and annual reports (max) for 25% to 35% of the year

105 PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS DIGITAL LAYER

Sidewalk’s vision of a complete community starts with a place that refects and amplifes the social, cultural, and economic diversity of the Greater Toronto Area. It means a place that is inclusive, Buildings one that builds on Toronto’s greatest strength—its diversity—and welcomes all comers to contribute to the fabric of urban life. It means a place that and is fexible, one in which buildings and spaces can change to address the evolving needs of the populations they serve. It means a place that Afordability is accessible in every dimension: welcoming, pedestrian-friendly, participatory, and adaptable. Most importantly, it means a place that is afordable.

106 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 107 Sidewalk’s vision of a complete community starts with a place that refects and amplifes the social, cultural, and economic diversity of the Greater Toronto Area. It means a place that is inclusive, one that builds on Toronto’s greatest strength—its diversity—and welcomes all comers to contribute to the fabric of urban life. It means a place that is fexible, one in which buildings and spaces can change to address the evolving needs of the populations they serve. It means a place that is accessible in every dimension: welcoming, pedestrian-friendly, participatory, and adaptable. Most importantly, it means a place that is afordable.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 107 BUILDINGS AND AFFORDABILITY Building Complete Communities

THE UNPRECEDENTED PRICING PRESSURE in the Toronto If Toronto is to remain a city that is Given the diversity of housing needs in the afordable for the diverse population from GTA, Sidewalk will also prioritize optionality housing market has been well-documented. Unmet housing which it draws its strength, it needs a in housing typologies, accommodating demand has generated rapid increases in rents and sale prices, multipronged approach to a historically a wide variety of personal preferences persistently low vacancy rates, and severe limitations on complex and notoriously difcult problem: and budgets. As Sidewalk iterates on this the built environment is traditionally created strategy in Quayside and throughout the homeownership and access to quality housing. The average in a moment in time and governed by Eastern Waterfront, it will strive not only to home price in the GTA has climbed by roughly 33 percent over static code. Developers fail to leverage the meet the demands of residents today, but to the past 12 months and now exceeds 900,000 CAD, while construction efciencies provided by mass better position the city to meet the evolving production. Zoning separates homes from demands of its residents in the future. median family income has only shown annual growth of 3 ofces and retail outlets when most people Sidewalk’s vision aims not only to reach the percent in recent years. The numbers from the rental market need all three on a given day. And master- afordability goals laid forth in the city’s planned communities often fall short of Housing Opportunities Toronto Action Plan, tell a similar story, with condo-rentals climbing 12 percent over aspirations—locked into fxed typologies but to exceed them. the course of 2016 and vacancy rates less than half of both New and conceived to address needs that are York City and Montreal. already out-of-date by the time construction In close collaboration with Waterfront is complete. This rigid system creates Toronto, all three levels of government, and underutilized space, suppresses supply, and the community at large, Sidewalk will deploy ultimately creates pricing pressures that new occupancy models, new modes of home undermine afordability. ownership, and new innovative fnancing structures to transform the ways in which Sidewalk’s vision for a complete community communities are organized and funded, and will address how buildings are constructed, the ways they evolve. By anticipating and how they are governed by code and zoning, addressing the needs of its residents, new and how they adapt to the difering and neighbourhoods on the waterfront will keep ever-evolving needs of end users, touching afordability at the forefront, improve the both the supply and demand sides of the urban experience, and provide a scalable housing equation. Sidewalk’s vision will allow blueprint for delivering dynamic, socio- buildings to be constructed more easily and economically diverse, multigenerational less expensively—creating more efcient communities across Canada and abroad. layouts that require less space per person and more adaptable spaces that better serve Allocating 20 to 30 percent of housing units the demands of a changing population. as afordable will be just one component In this way, the physical environment of of this holistic strategy. As the frst place Quayside and the Eastern Waterfront will be Sidewalk will prototype solutions across embedded with the same design principles the fve concepts discussed in this chapter, as the digital environment: fexible and Quayside will be the testbed for an entirely highly responsive to end-user needs. new urban experience on the Eastern Waterfront.

108 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Downtown's high-rise condominiums embody Toronto’s rapid growth and demand for a new housing supply. Credit: Mark Wickens

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 109 BUILDINGS AND AFFORDABILITY Construction Methodologies

SIDEWALK THINKS HOUSES can and should be built like cars Modular Construction are built, through a vertically integrated process spanning the full product lifecycle from design to delivery. While this Sidewalk will not be the frst company to residents and tenants will no longer require concept is not new, existing eforts have been unable to fully deliver modular construction, but its holistic, the expensive customization that defnes reap its benefts. A lack of vertical integration has limited integrated approach to prefabrication will stick-built construction. Mass production help it achieve the combination of cost will facilitate scale efciencies in layouts and manufacturing standardization and efciencies. In many savings and product improvements at scale design that will enable residents to live more cases, buildings are designed before the decision is made that have so far eluded previous modular comfortably in less space. to "go modular," leaving modular factories looking more like developers. Sidewalk’s vision includes more than just volumetric construction modules— Together these innovations will capture an indoor construction sites than advanced manufacturing lines. the six-sided boxes completed primarily enormous opportunity to drive down the Similarly, a lack of focus on upfront design considerations that of-site, shipped to a site, and installed by cost and time required for new construction crane. Instead, Sidewalk will incorporate at scale. In fact, Sidewalk estimates that would allow multiple aesthetic and functional confgurations both linear (one-dimensional components) modular systems can cut the assembly of a single chassis has led to the negative associations many and planar (two-dimensional, panelized time in home production to one-third of consumers have with modular and low-quality, monotonous components, used as part of a standard conventional construction, saving both time construction approach, such as SIPS, CLT and money. In addition to reducing the initial housing. panels or curtain walls) systems in addition capital costs of construction, operating to volumetric systems. This comprehensive and renovating expenses will be reduced, In Quayside, Sidewalk will employ new construction approach will enable the creation of an entire as prefabricated units are interchangeable, methodologies that have the potential to signifcantly decrease parts library with standardized connections standardized product components that can and interoperability that will supply every be easily replaced or recycled. construction costs and lessen the design constraints of modular major assembly in a variety of building housing. This would create increased access to afordable typologies. In advance of construction in Quayside, Sidewalk envisions embedding an innovation housing by dramatically reducing the cost of adding supply. By combining this versatile product library team from its Build Lab with one or more To achieve this vision, Sidewalk proposes a multifaceted with advanced manufacturing techniques, leading modular construction frms to design approach using prefabrication and new material innovations— such as repeatable assemblies, robotic and test components and processes. construction, on- and of-site automation, in particular, tall timber construction—to create solutions that and 3D printing, Sidewalk will be able to will be replicated, improved upon, and brought to scale on the achieve new production efciencies in Eastern Waterfront. design, labor, and material use. The integration of these systems will change the way structures are designed and built. Designing appealing spaces for

110 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX THIS IMAGE IS FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY AND DOES NOT REFLECT ANY PLANNING PRODUCT.

One possibility for reuse of the Hearn is an on-site modular factory, welcoming innovative construction methodologies to the heart of the Eastern Waterfront.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 111 BUILDINGS AND AFFORDABILITY

Material Innovation

Another critical component of new construction Additionally, Sidewalk is exploring potential materials Sidewalk believes that these innovations in Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs), a methodologies is material innovation. Sidewalk is focusing combined innovations in pre- its initial eforts on materials that are more sustainable standard construction material. Sidewalk’s prototype without sacrifcing afordability or design fexibility. As aims to reduce embodied energy, waste, of-gassing, and fabrication and materials should such, it will source ecologically benign construction toxicity by working primarily with two new materials: have an impact that cascades materials that embody less energy and reduce waste sentHOME mycelium GROWN for structuralBUILDINGS strength, DIAGRAMS and Shikkui plaster to landflls. for surfacing. Mycelium is a strong fungus that can be beyond construction savings. HOMEgrown GROWN in conf nedBUILDINGS spaces, using DIAGRAMS agricultural waste as Radically standardized materials At the forefront of Sidewalk’s materials strategy is “tall feedstock. Shikkui plaster is a Japanese lime plaster made and units will lessen the burden of timber,” the construction of mid- or high-rise buildings with of slaked lime (a food additive) with additives including wood. New wood technologies ofer advantages in terms seaweed extracts, soybean oil, natural plant fbres, and building code approvals. Expedited of cost savings, speed of construction, and environmental other natural aggregates. Each natural component adds and more predictable construction impact compared to traditional steel and concrete. Timber performance characteristics, such as stability, workability, timelines will lower contingency can be locally sourced, further stimulating the Canadian water-repellency, and anti-cracking properties. These economy and minimizing transportation costs. Wood two materials represent opportunities to improve building costs and shorten the payback construction is also faster, especially when leveraging performance, lower costs, and improve sustainability. period, increasing the availability of prefabricated sub-assemblies. In fact, the use of lighter lumber segments can reduce installation and foundation fnancing. And better overall project work costs by up to 20 percent, while maintaining economics will open up new land for structural strength, fexibility, performance, and safety afordable residential construction. standards. Finally, tall timber performs better than traditional materials in terms of both embodied energy and resulting air and water pollution, while achieving a 90 percent reduction in carbon footprint (from steel’s 1.82 kgCO2/kg to the 0.18 kgCO2/kg of dry wood). [Sources: Forest Foundation, Canadian Raw Materials Database]

Opposite: Mid- or-high rise buildings Hybrid building systems and Timber construction is possible will substitute traditional steel or compositeTimber based panels hybrid can building be timber- systems, at allTimber scales construction and at pioneering at all scales, Embracing the material potential concrete materials with lighter, more Timberusing based the besthybrid of building both worlds systems, Timberand construction at pioneering at all heightscales, Embracingof canopies the material rather pot thanential shying using thebased. best of both worlds and at pioneeringheight. height of canopies rather than shying eco-friendly tall timber. away from expressing structure away from expressing structure

112 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 113 BUILDINGS AND AFFORDABILITY Building Typologies

CITIES, THEIR ECONOMIES, AND THEIR DEMOGRAPHICS change Loft over time, often in unpredictable ways. Building usages should change with them. The cast-iron buildings that line Buildings today are usually designed for a reserved for temporary retail uses—like the streets of New York’s SoHo today, for example, were once singular purpose. However changing user farmers markets and shopping stalls—with manufacturing sites housing massive machinery. Despite needs and shifting economic conditions the more sustainable core infrastructure New York’s decline as an industrial hub, these buildings have often demand change. This exposes a developed for Loft, the waterfront can create problematic mismatch: buildings are greater diversity in the types of pop-up maintained their relevance—re-inventing themselves as light designed to last far longer than their users’ establishments that will appear for a limited manufacturing spaces, small ofces, live-work studios, and needs remain constant. time in diferent neighbourhoods. This apartments. This multiuse life cycle is made possible by the will better serve the varied needs of new While modular construction is one means of start-ups, makers, satellite restaurateurs, buildings’ strong skeletal structure—their “good bones”— injecting fexibility into urban areas, a second and more traditional businesses looking for allowing them to accommodate and anticipate changing use strategy is to design buildings with an temporary meeting or public engagement adaptable shell and versatile core structure over time. space. More specifcally, it would allow that can be more easily fexed for diferent them to experiment with new oferings and uses. This idea is the basis for Sidewalk’s Loft product lines without the overhang of a Quayside will be no diferent. Whereas today buildings tend concept. massive capital expense, creating a much to be designed for single use, Quayside structures will be more dynamic retail environment. Loft improves upon traditional loft buildings designed upfront to accommodate a radical mix of uses and by planning explicitly for ongoing and Sidewalk will prototype both the core anticipate changing preferences. Optimized for optionality, frequent interior changes around a strong Loft and Next-Gen Bazaar concepts in spaces will be equipped with the core infrastructure to adapt skeletal structure. Its structure will remain Quayside. The Loft pilot will likely contain fexible over the course of its lifecycle, parking space that could easily transition to the evolving demands of Torontonians. A parking structure accommodating a radical mix of uses to other uses once shared mobility reduces built for conventional vehicles today will be able to adapt over (such as residential, retail, making, ofce, private car use and parking needs. The hospitality, and parking) that can respond time to become a marketplace, makerspace, creative ofce, Next-Gen Bazaar pilot will blend public and quickly to market demand. private space to allow retailers and new or residential lofts, as conventional cars become less prevalent businesses to set up shop in Toronto’s newest and self-driving cars more popular. While the Loft concept is primarily neighbourhood without upfront capital risk. geared toward renovations and retrofts to accommodate shifting user needs on a The overarching goal is to allow neighbourhoods along the months- or years-long time frame, Sidewalk water to evolve to match changing user needs—a model that believes a retail-oriented variation of this can wholly redefne urban experiences by maintaining dynamic notion could allow spaces to change almost daily. Sidewalk calls this derivative Next- neighbourhoods. Gen Bazaar. By outftting space typically

114 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Typical Buildings Loft Built only for one use Built for the ages

Today, all building systems have functional As illustrated below, building components Loft addresses this mismatch in use and Then, by making the interiors highly lifespans far beyond their desired lifespans, made available by current construction lifespan by focusing on a robust building fexible with standardized dimensions and resulting in waste and infexibility. methods are used for only a fraction of their exterior, taking advantage of the extremely interconnections, Loft facilitates easy and potential material lifespan. long lifespan of major building components. ongoing adjustment so that even an old building will meet its users’ needs perfectly and with minimal waste.

Structural Lifespan End of Function Structural Lifespan End of Function

100 Years Building demolished 100 Years Highly durable prior to structure’s armature lasts full lifespan when paired 70 Years end of life 100 Years with fexible interiors

Enclosure Lifespan Enclosure Lifespan Failure of weather 40 Years barrier or poor 40 Years Reuse of modular panels when use thermal performance or performance 20 Years 40 Years (in 5-to-10-year increments) needs change

Interiors Lifespan Interiors Lifespan

30 Years Built-in-place 30 Years Modular wall, foor, drywall demolished and ceiling panels 7 Years for new use 30 Years (in 5-year increments) are reconfgurable

Theoretical Typical Theoretical Loft

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 115 Adaptable buildings, such as BUILDINGS AND AFFORDABILITY reconfgurable Loft spaces, enable completely radical mixed-use environments.

116 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 117 Adaptable buildings, such as reconfgurable Loft spaces, enable completely radical mixed-use environments.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 117 BUILDINGS AND AFFORDABILITY

Loft (continued)

Technical Foundations

Flexibility Founded on Standards Modular Fitting and Components 20’ 1

20’ Loft buildings will be designed around standard units The standards built into Loft will create a 20’ of fve feet. For example, support beams, elevator competitive marketplace of interchangeable 20’ shafts, and other fxed components will be placed fttings. The interiors of Loft will greatly reduce only at multiples of fve-foot intervals. This enables the cost and waste of interior remodelling because a wide variety of room sizes using the same parts— they will be standardized and reconfgurable. 3 from a 5’-by-5’ closet to a 10’-by-15’ bedroom to a With standard sizes replicated throughout similar 40’-by-20’ conference room. By creating standard buildings, interior components become reusable, interchangeable interfaces along with these standard more like quality furniture than like drywall. dimensions, Loft will ensure that interior fttings, Having interior fttings like doors, walls, and 2 façades, doors, and similar building components fnishes that are reusable will have a signifcant are not only interchangeable and fexible, but also impact on sustainability, helping to cut down on reusable. the approximately 200,000 tonnes of construction debris added to Toronto’s landflls every year by This fexibility will allow for easy modifcations to renovations alone. match evolving style preferences and foor-plan reconfgurations to serve changing space needs. This interchangeability requires a high degree With sufcient ease of adjustment, a company could of standardization, including dimensions, basic reconfgure a space to accommodate a weeklong services provided in each building, and the interior training seminar and then return it to ofces or small components themselves. The dimensions of the conference rooms. A family might decide to subdivide buildings, from the proportions of a block to the a room to accommodate a visitor staying for a few size of modular foor panels, should accommodate months, or, they might recycle and exchange modular disparate and changing uses. This planning components when a room no longer meets their needs. will ensure reuse, interoperability, and faster Within the building, modular interior components construction and renovation times, efectively will also facilitate easy access to utilities through future-proofng the structure for a variety of uses. standardized connections, further supporting future Modern buildings with robust interior layouts A Complete System spatial reconfguration and ongoing maintenance. get reskinned every 25 or 30 years to improve Additionally, manufactured building components will environmental performance and maintain a help improve neighbourhood quality of life by using contemporary look. Loft’s façade components Loft will create long-lasting but highly fexible and building services will support a wide incorporated sensors to measure real-time building will adopt the same standardized units to enable buildings that can accommodate a variety of variety of uses. shapes, foor plates, and styles, all of which performance relative to applicable performance-based low-cost, frequent updates to the exterior. This ➂ Modular interior fttings and façade could be built to Loft standards. codes. Loft’s fexible design and construction methods loose-ft design—one built for easy disassembly modules ensure buildings are rapidly allow buildings to catalyze a wide range of uses, adapt and reuse of parts—has ancillary benefts to the ➀ Standard dimensions ensure that all reconfgurable, and that components can to ongoing changes in land use, and meet future space environment as well, enabling structures to be of Loft’s spaces and components are be reused. demands, all while preserving the visual character of a built, renovated, and demolished at a roughly interchangeable. neighbourhood. 30 percent less carbon cost than traditional demolition. ➁ Generous stairways, utility capacity,

118 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX 1. Building begins as 2. Structure grows in a single-use parking response to increased structure. parking demand.

One possible manifestation of Loft is a structure that can begin its life as a parking structure. Over time, as self- driving cars and better public transit change the demand for parking, the building can efciently evolve for new uses.

In all, Sidewalk’s fexible Loft structures will drive further 3. A reduction in vehicle 4. The building evolves, ownership means built changing use to meet afordability by better allowing the space can be converted new user demands. physical infrastructure to adapt into other uses. cheaply and quickly to the changing needs of the neighbourhood. This can create incremental real estate value, keeping more inventory online at less cost. While designing these adaptable buildings for reuse will have higher upfront design costs, new units will be constructed at less cost and operated at signifcantly higher efciency over traditional demolition models.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 119 BUILDINGS AND AFFORDABILITY Outcome-Based Code

IN ORDER TO FOSTER DYNAMIC NEIGHBOURHOODS that can efciently As an alternative to traditional regulation, This new system will reward good Sidewalk envisions a future in which cities performance, while enabling buildings and safely deliver a shifting range of uses over time, a city must use outcome-based code to govern the built to adapt to market demand for mixed- have an equally fexible building code that enables innovation environment. This represents a new set of use environments. It is Sidewalk’s belief without compromising safety. simplifed, highly responsive rules that focus that outcome-based codes, coupled with more on monitoring outputs than broadly sensor technology, can help to realize more sustainable, fexible, high-performing Historically, static zoning and building ordinances are the regulating inputs. With embedded sensing for real-time monitoring and automated buildings at lower costs. mechanism by which cities regulate the built environment— regulation, this new code will reward positive construction, building use, neighbourhood composition, quality behaviours and penalize negative ones, all There is no doubt that adopting such a while recognizing the value residents and system is a long-term process in which safety of life standards, building safety. These codes were the best tools visitors increasingly place on having a variety and quality of life must be prioritized before cities had to segregate potentially harmful uses from residents. of uses within one neighbourhood. rapid change. The frst step in designing and evaluating this system is installing the However, static regulations often result in low-quality, single-use Under such a system, rather than zoning for necessary infrastructure and collecting neighbourhoods that reward obsolete approaches and penalize use types, the city could zone to protect the necessary data to accurately measure innovation. against the negative externalities themselves the types of impacts that are essential for usually associated with managing diferent protecting safety and quality of life. Despite these problems, a city cannot do without building uses. Instead of limiting light industrial space, the city could set maximum amounts Specifcally, Sidewalk proposes to outft standards and zoning codes. The fundamental need to protect of noise pollution and trafc; instead of buildings in Quayside, including Loft, with human health, ensure safe buildings, and manage negative limiting residential space, the city could set sensors to measure the data needed to minimum standards for air quality, daylight explore the Outcome-Based Code system. externalities remains absolute. access, comfort, and sustainability. Sidewalk plans to work with local agencies to design informative pilots that begin But in today’s environment—one where home and work are Sidewalk expects these codes to encourage with comprehensive data collection within increasingly intermingled, and the building code defnition more efcient and dynamic use of space, existing regulatory frameworks. and expedite the path toward radical of "manufacturing" often includes the large and growing mixed-use neighbourhoods. By enabling When fully implemented, Outcome-Based maker economy—there is opportunity to improve upon static greater adaptability, Outcome-Based Code Code will have employed four strategies for meaningful reform: regulations and broad zoning codes with more precise tools and incentivizes reuse rather than demolition, and leads to more sustainable and afordable performance-based regulations. ways to serve the community’s needs.

120 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX ➀ A simplifed building code will reduce Simplifcation the number of defned building types.

Existing International Building Code Use Groups Example Proposed Use Groups Today’s building codes often include diferent standards for dozens of diferent types of buildings. While highly tailored, A-1 Theatre and Performances A-1 Theatre and Performances these diferent standards also make it difcult for one type A-4 Indoor Sporting Events A-4 Indoor Sporting Events of building to serve multiple uses or to change over time. A-5 Stadiums A-5 Stadiums Sidewalk will reduce the number of defned building types, I-2 Hospital, Nursing Homes I-2 Hospital, Nursing Homes targeting 80 percent of interior uses for reclassifcation into a new “use-neutral” category, in turn permitting a I-3 Jails I-3 Jails greater number of uses. This can support implementation A-2 Restaurants and Bars of adaptable Loft units, versus the more stringent, static A-3 Worship, Recreation, Amusement building codes of today. B Public and Private Businesses E Education 80% of F-1 Moderate-Hazard Factory (Industrial) F-2 Low-Hazard Factory (Industrial) Building Uses Supervised Residential Adult Personal Care I-1 Services Will Fit Into I-4 Day Care Facilities M Mercantile/Retail the One New R-1 Transient Living Spaces

R-2 Multiple Dwelling Units Buildings Flexible Use R-3 Single Dwelling Units Category R-4 Assisted-Living Facilities

S-1 Moderate-Hazard Storage

S-2 Low-Hazard Storage

U Utilities (Misc. Structures) U Utilities (misc. structures)

H-1 Materials with Detonation Potential H-1 Materials with Detonation Potential

H-2 Materials with Defagration Potential H-2 Materials with Defagration Potential

H-3 Materials that are Easily Combustible H-3 Materials that are Easily Combustible

H-4 Materials that are Toxic and Corrosive H-4 Materials that are Toxic and Corrosive

H-5 Hazardous Production Materials (HPM) H-5 Hazardous Production Materials (HPM)

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 121

vv BUILDINGS AND AFFORDABILITY

➁ Flexibility Enabled by Monitoring Current vs. Proposed Conditions

Sidewalk will begin implementing this strategy in Compared to a generic approach to zoning and code, Sidewalk’s Quayside by reviewing existing building codes, identifying Outcome-Based Code emphasizes fexibility and innovation while adhering to the same standards and increasing compliance. the performance levels that are implicit in today’s design standards. Covering topics such as life safety, daylight access, air quality, comfort, sustainability, and infrastructure capacity, these targets will ensure that Quayside’s buildings perform as well or better than Current System Outcome-Based Code System those governed solely under existing code. Whenever possible, Sidewalk will convert these performance targets Use Mix Uses separated to avoid conficts Conficts managed by monitoring and into outcome standards that will be enforced through guaranteed enforcement monitoring during use, rather than pre-build restrictions. Sidewalk’s fundamental belief is that Toronto can realize lower costs and higher performance through a mix of Structural Design review is only real point of Ongoing structural monitoring enables fexible building design and real-time use management. Integrity enforcement new construction techniques

Daylight Access Building shaped to avoid shadow Creative site-specifc solutions encouraged based on performance

Nuisance Uses restricted to prevent noise/odour “Trust but verify” approach enables issues; after permitting, complaint creative uses but ensures that violators based are immediately enforced by fne or other intervention

Energy/Water Energy/water modelling required Actual performance monitored for to test designs, but outcomes never compliance with standards, enabling checked lower-cost, more creative solutions

122 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX ➂ These Strategies Enable Interoperability Radical Mixed Use

An additional component of the code will ensure that Key Eventually, Sidewalk envisions buildings have the facilities and the interoperability to Residential Commercial Other Uses piloting outcome-based code in create a well-functioning district. Rather than create plot-by-plot rules, the code coordinates objectives parallel but subordinate to existing Current System across scales: building, block, neighbourhood, and Rigid building design and regulatory frameworks in Eastern district. Most cities have some type of requirement use-segregation constrains Waterfront neighbourhoods. When along these lines. For example, elevators must allow neighbourhoods. frefghters to override controls. But Sidewalk’s system the approach is further validated, approach will require a greater level of interoperability it will become the primary system in terms of solid waste disposal, modular interior fttings, utility channels, and similar systems. Taken in those neighbourhoods, and then together, these requirements will mandate that fnally, expand back into existing buildings accommodate these district-wide functions Toronto neighbourhoods as the in a standard way. necessary hardware retroftting is achieved. This entire process will be ➃ undertaken in partnership with the City of Toronto (in accordance with Automated Proposed System its Zoning bylaws and Municipal Flexibility enables the radical, Permitting Review changing mix that makes Code), the Province of Ontario neighbourhoods dynamic. (and its Ministry of Municipal As of late 2013, some 20 percent of Toronto’s building Afairs and Housing), and other key permit applications took longer to process than governmental agencies critical to deadlines set out in provincial regulations. Outcome- based code will change that. Throughout the planning setting public standards. and design phases, Sidewalk’s digital layer will provide instant feedback on whether a specifc design option meets performance and safety criteria. Thus, the broad range of development possibilities will be clear to owners, architects, and end users, while limiting the hindrance of documentation or review processes.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 123 BUILDINGS AND AFFORDABILITY Occupancy Models

OVER 40 PERCENT OF TORONTO’S HOUSEHOLDS increases from historical levels of 32 percent Co-housing are currently occupied by a single person. in 1991 and 27 percent in 1981) will beneft According to the Canada Mortgage and from an expansion of housing types; however, Sidewalk and Waterfront Toronto can work together to break Housing Corporation, these households are individuals in the 55-and-older cohort, who away from traditional leasing models, instead ushering in a projected to grow faster than any other type have a need for more community, services, and/ new standard of living based on fexibility, community, and over the next two decades, making them or care than those that can be provided by a afordability. Sidewalk’s initial eforts in this process will build on current co-housing models, improving access to co-inhabitant alone, have much to gain as well. Canada’s largest household type by the mid- convenient options that ofer a high level of amenities and 2020s. Single-person households are more These models could also beneft low-income services included in the base rental cost. Sidewalk ofers likely to rent, and on average, spend more per and homeless populations. the potential to create newer models for Torontonians by integrating a digital layer—one that empowers residents person on housing than larger households. These alternative occupancy models will to organize and make their own programming decisions. Efectively, Sidewalk believes all aspects of one’s housing Sidewalk believes there is a real opportunity never fully supplant Toronto’s core multifamily should be easily accessible and controllable through a digital to experiment with new occupancy models housing stock, but they will open up Quayside interface—the ability to select a new unit in a new location, to reserve and control shared space, to coordinate in-home to a diversity of residents and forward-looking in Quayside. By trading gross square footage care and refll prescriptions, to digitally communicate with for efciency of design and optimization of uses that might not otherwise be attainable. neighbours for babysitting, or to organize Sunday-night community services and amenities, Sidewalk And more broadly, these models can be a family-style dinner. believes that new occupancy models can powerful tool in helping the city meet its goal, In addition to the enhanced level of convenience and ofer this large and growing segment of the as expressed in the Housing Opportunities accessibility aforded to Torontonians, these co-housing models should ofer improved economics. Radical sharing Toronto Action Plan, of assisting nearly population a better housing product at a of durable goods, Splitting costs of building and personal materially lower cost. And while the pursuit 260,000 households to fnd or keep the services, and increasing space efciencies (up to 70 percent, of innovative occupancy models is often afordable housing options they need. Sidewalk by some estimates) ofer tangible monetary benefts that will be passed on to residents. [Source: Negev Co-Living Model] weakened by the misconception that they is committed to using Quayside as a laboratory are the exclusive province of the young, it is for experimenting with these models— important to recognize the potential value including co-housing, micro-units, and other these models bring to a diverse population alternative typologies. of residents. There is little doubt that the 42 percent of the GTA’s young adults aged 20 to 29 who still live in a parent’s home (drastic

124 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Micro-units

Micro-units will also be part of the solution. Sidewalk By providing a diversity of housing team members were intimately involved in New York typologies, Sidewalk and Waterfront City’s frst pilot with afordable micro-units, an initiative that revealed tremendous interest and demand for less Toronto can signifcantly enhance expensive, small (250 and 350 square feet), private resident’s quality of life. For instance, living spaces. The result, Mt. Carmel Place, was the the integration of a digital layer can frst micro-unit building constructed in New York City, MICRO 162 sq ft delivering 55 units at a lower cost than existing studio bring individuals of shared interest apartments in the neighbourhood. Nearly 60,000 and values together. From a building applications were received for the 14 units formally owner’s perspective, more innovative designated as afordable. The addition of this type of unit in a high-demand Manhattan neighbourhood occupancy models create potential provided access to the core of the city for people for higher resident retention, who would have otherwise been unable to aford to MEDIUM 365 sq ft live there. With similar dynamics at play in downtown incremental building value, reduced Toronto, and a virtual blank canvas with which to work operating costs, and streamlined on the Eastern Waterfront, the impact at scale of a user-friendly property management. micro-unit program could be transformative for the local housing market. Most importantly, these typologies will open the door for a wider range of

LARGE 540 sq ft afordable housing options—and thus Possible Module Sizes and Layouts help facilitate a community that truly Micro-units ofer smaller, afordable refects the socio-economic, cultural, alternatives to traditional apartments, while ofering more privacy than and generational diversity of the shared living arrangements. Greater Toronto Area.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 125 BUILDINGS AND AFFORDABILITY Home Ownership and Innovative Financing Structures

SINCE 2010, THE CITY OF TORONTO has worked with developers (both dedicated revenue streams (the NYC Housing Trust Fund), and tax nonproft and private sector) to construct nearly 3,000 afordable abatements (421-a). New York’s frst exploration into inclusionary rentals and nearly 800 afordable ownership homes, working towards housing also occurred during this period. its target of 10,000 afordable rental homes and 20,000 afordable Sidewalk will work with local stakeholders to develop multifamily ownership homes by 2020. Waterfront Toronto alone, through its fnancing and afordable home ownership solutions that are uniquely ambitious development programs, has built 500 afordable housing tailored to Toronto’s market dynamics. These could be modelled units, with an additional 80 under construction. Despite this progress, after existing programs like those found in New York, chart a new the city is predicted to fall short of its 10-year target, given the current way forward (such as a national “afordable housing bank” that will pace of construction. act in a similar manner to the proposed Canadian Infrastructure Bank Even if fully achieved, the 10-year goal will improve housing options and provide low-cost fnancing for projects that meet agreed-upon for many, but will not fully address the housing crisis in Toronto, nor afordability thresholds), and/or draw on successes in other major supply the entire estimated 88,000 households currently waitlisted urban centres throughout the world. for afordable units. Thus, in addition to the new occupancy models Sidewalk will also pursue models of partial ownership that have proven discussed above, it is imperative that Sidewalk creates an environment to be successful in Toronto and abroad. For example, Sidewalk will that incentivizes the ongoing delivery of apartments that can work in partnership with Toronto’s existing nonproft organizations accommodate households of all income levels. that provide afordable housing options in the GTA, leveraging models Sidewalk recognizes that achieving sustainable afordability in Toronto where a nonproft serves both as a residential housing developer and as will require a deep understanding of both market drivers and potential an investment fund or lender to the occupant. This allows the nonproft policy interventions. Several members of the Sidewalk team played key entity to sell units for a combination of “cash and kind,” and make units roles in the development and implementation of New York City’s New available for purchase to people who would otherwise be unable to Housing Marketplace Plan. The plan was responsible for the creation aford them. Working with Waterfront Toronto, Sidewalk is committed and preservation of more than 165,000 afordable housing units over to giving these housing non-profts a platform in Quayside and the the past decade, and was the basis for implementing a set of tools broader Eastern Waterfront on which to expand their work. that yielded an unprecedented volume of new afordable housing construction. These tools included low-cost fnancing (80/20 program),

126 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Sidewalk will work with Waterfront Toronto to make a diverse set of housing options available to all Torontonians. Credit: Mark WIckens

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 127 BUILDINGS AND AFFORDABILITY Product Development Strategy: Quayside Pilot: Eastern Waterfront Manifestation:

Roadmap Construction Sidewalk is surveying best-in-class players for prefabrication/modular In partnership with one or more industry players, Sidewalk will At scale in the Eastern Waterfront, Sidewalk will shift a meaningful construction and innovative materials, and is in active partnership prototype both modular and tall timber construction in Quayside. portion of construction to the techniques prototyped in Quayside. Methodologies discussions with several industry leaders. Sidewalk envisions Specifcally, Sidewalk envisions using the same modular “base” The Eastern Waterfront will feature modular multifamily housing, embedding an innovation team from its Build Lab with one or more to construct a diversity of building types on diferent parcels, built (potentially at an on-site modular factory) with the aid of leading modular construction frms to design and test components including at least one high-rise modular structure, to demonstrate automation and material innovation. The increased volume of units and processes. Additionally, Sidewalk will expand on its early the fexibility of its modular approach. Sidewalk also plans to explore produced for the Eastern Waterfront will achieve greater cost experiments in innovative building materials (including tall timber and opportunities to apply other innovative materials (e.g., mycelium/ reductions while providing greater fexibility to the end user. mycelium/Shikkui plaster SIPs) to inform new building designs. Shikkui plaster SIP) in at least one building in Quayside.

Building Sidewalk is currently working with BuroHappold Engineering on Following the Loft Competition, Sidewalk will refne the design for a Following initial occupancy on the Quayside site, Sidewalk will the technical principles underpinning the Loft concept. To catalyze pilot project (two stories or higher with a parking structure), fnalize closely monitor building performance to assess and improve design Typologies the creation of an initial concept, Sidewalk and Waterfront Toronto a use plan, and undertake permitting approval (applying for waivers) specifcations, manufacturing, construction, and installation will launch a “Loft Competition” to solicit broad input on potential for Quayside planning. During the pilot, Sidewalk will assess its processes in real time. Sidewalk envisions building multiple Loft designs from a range of sources. ability to monitor building code as well as its progress toward structures with diferent initial uses, while maintaining certain sustainability and afordability goals. structures for continuous prototyping and experimentation, particularly on interior renovations.

Outcome- Sidewalk will work with Waterfront Toronto and the relevant regulatory Sidewalk will outft a series of Quayside buildings (across all use Sidewalk envisions piloting outcome-based code in parallel with agencies—including the City of Toronto and the Province of Ontario’s types) with a network of sensors to measure structural integrity but subordinate to existing regulatory frameworks in Eastern Based Code Ministry of Municipal Afairs and Housing—to identify provisions that and environmental quality. Sensors will likely include vibration, Waterfront neighbourhoods, then as the primary system in those may be appropriate for prototyping and stress-testing an outcome- noise level, light level, temperature, humidity, carbon monoxide, neighbourhoods, monitoring the built environment for public based code approach. Sidewalk’s dedicated Build Lab team will assess per-circuit electricity usage, and movement via infrared or radar. nuisances, ensuring that light manufacturing, commercial use, the feasibility of Outcome-Based Code that appropriately regulates the These sensors will be registered with the district Map database and ofce space, and residential housing can coexist safely, and building inhabitants, and design the necessary hardware and software transmit measurements in real time. To ensure privacy, access to laying the groundwork for wide-scale adoption. Finally, Sidewalk needed to measure standards efectively. these measurements will be available only to authorized systems and envisions Outcome-Based Code expanding back into existing users, and will feed into a compliance platform, tracking real-time Toronto neighbourhoods as the necessary hardware retroftting and performance in accordance with the code. regulatory approvals are achieved.

Occupancy Sidewalk will inventory community living models currently in use In Quayside, Sidewalk will develop test properties and will collaborate Sidewalk will develop further test properties in the Eastern in the GTA and will collaborate with Toronto residents, building an with Waterfront Toronto to attract residents of diferent tenures Waterfront and, in conjunction with Waterfront Toronto, will Models advisory council with vision-aligned residents of target segments to through community-based structures, emphasizing prototypes geared continually test, learn, and adjust these models, establishing a articulate ambitions for the space. toward people at all stages of life. Integration of digital and physical launchpad for expansion to the broader Eastern Waterfront. networks will help to gather residents of common interests.

Financing Sidewalk will partner with Toronto’s local, provincial, and federal The Sidewalk team will partner with city government and community Successful pilots in Quayside will be scaled to the Eastern partners to identify and refne product and policy innovations, organizations to pilot fnancing and afordable home ownership Waterfront where a proven track record will help secure increased Structures creating a development strategy for Quayside as a living laboratory. models in Quayside, with the intention of scaling oferings across the fnancial and political support. Sidewalk will actively leverage its experience in New York City’s Eastern Waterfront in future years. evolving afordable housing landscape to collaborate with Waterfront Toronto and improve access to afordable housing.

128 RFP NO. 2017-13RFP NO.APPENDIX 2017-13 APPENDIX PURPOSEFULPURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS 129129 Quayside Pilot: Eastern Waterfront Manifestation:

In partnership with one or more industry players, Sidewalk will At scale in the Eastern Waterfront, Sidewalk will shift a meaningful prototype both modular and tall timber construction in Quayside. portion of construction to the techniques prototyped in Quayside. Specifcally, Sidewalk envisions using the same modular “base” The Eastern Waterfront will feature modular multifamily housing, to construct a diversity of building types on diferent parcels, built (potentially at an on-site modular factory) with the aid of including at least one high-rise modular structure, to demonstrate automation and material innovation. The increased volume of units the fexibility of its modular approach. Sidewalk also plans to explore produced for the Eastern Waterfront will achieve greater cost opportunities to apply other innovative materials (e.g., mycelium/ reductions while providing greater fexibility to the end user. Shikkui plaster SIP) in at least one building in Quayside.

Following the Loft Competition, Sidewalk will refne the design for a Following initial occupancy on the Quayside site, Sidewalk will pilot project (two stories or higher with a parking structure), fnalize closely monitor building performance to assess and improve design a use plan, and undertake permitting approval (applying for waivers) specifcations, manufacturing, construction, and installation for Quayside planning. During the pilot, Sidewalk will assess its processes in real time. Sidewalk envisions building multiple Loft ability to monitor building code as well as its progress toward structures with diferent initial uses, while maintaining certain sustainability and afordability goals. structures for continuous prototyping and experimentation, particularly on interior renovations.

Sidewalk will outft a series of Quayside buildings (across all use Sidewalk envisions piloting outcome-based code in parallel with types) with a network of sensors to measure structural integrity but subordinate to existing regulatory frameworks in Eastern and environmental quality. Sensors will likely include vibration, Waterfront neighbourhoods, then as the primary system in those noise level, light level, temperature, humidity, carbon monoxide, neighbourhoods, monitoring the built environment for public per-circuit electricity usage, and movement via infrared or radar. nuisances, ensuring that light manufacturing, commercial use, These sensors will be registered with the district Map database and ofce space, and residential housing can coexist safely, and transmit measurements in real time. To ensure privacy, access to laying the groundwork for wide-scale adoption. Finally, Sidewalk these measurements will be available only to authorized systems and envisions Outcome-Based Code expanding back into existing users, and will feed into a compliance platform, tracking real-time Toronto neighbourhoods as the necessary hardware retroftting and performance in accordance with the code. regulatory approvals are achieved.

In Quayside, Sidewalk will develop test properties and will collaborate Sidewalk will develop further test properties in the Eastern with Waterfront Toronto to attract residents of diferent tenures Waterfront and, in conjunction with Waterfront Toronto, will through community-based structures, emphasizing prototypes geared continually test, learn, and adjust these models, establishing a toward people at all stages of life. Integration of digital and physical launchpad for expansion to the broader Eastern Waterfront. networks will help to gather residents of common interests.

The Sidewalk team will partner with city government and community Successful pilots in Quayside will be scaled to the Eastern organizations to pilot fnancing and afordable home ownership Waterfront where a proven track record will help secure increased models in Quayside, with the intention of scaling oferings across the fnancial and political support. Eastern Waterfront in future years.

PURPOSEFULPURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS 129129 DIGITAL LAYER

Sidewalk’s vision for mobility represents nothing less than a paradigm shift, relying on a full suite of tools and options for residents, workers, and visitors from across the Toronto area. Mobility Quayside will be a place where transit enhancements, forward-thinking urban design, and technology make car-ownership rates the lowest in Toronto and walking and cycling the primary modes of transportation. When the systems piloted in Quayside are deployed together with innovations make possible by the scale of the Eastern Waterfront, they will shape the future of urban mobility around the world.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 131

130 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX DIGITAL LAYER

Sidewalk’s vision for mobility represents nothing less than a paradigm shift, relying on a full suite of tools and options for residents, workers, and visitors from across the Toronto area. Mobility Quayside will be a place where transit enhancements, forward-thinking urban design, and technology make car-ownership rates the lowest in Toronto and walking and cycling the primary modes of transportation. When the systems piloted in Quayside are deployed together with innovations make possible by the scale of the Eastern Waterfront, they will shape the future of urban mobility around the world.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 131

130 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX MOBILITY Moving Towards a Car-Free Neighbourhood in Quayside

DESPITE ITS PROXIMITY TO DOWNTOWN TORONTO, Quayside risks being a car-dominated area because it sits at the junction of two major highways and is cut of from the neighbourhoods to its north. To achieve walking, cycling, and transit rates similar to other downtown neighbourhoods will require interventions to connect Quayside to the heart of the city: from streetcar extensions, to an abundance of bikeshare stations, to creative solutions that make crossing the Gardiner Expressway easy and inviting for pedestrians and cyclists.

Sidewalk’s plan, however, will do all this and make the neighbourhood a case study in mobility innovation. A comprehensive strategy that includes weather mitigation, shared ride services, and limited parking to discourage private car ownership will make walking and cycling the dominant modes of transportation in Quayside. A feet of shared, energy-efcient vehicles will mean that when residents must drive a car, they can, but without the need to own one. And when they do, they will emit no greenhouse gases. Altogether, Sidewalk’s plan will virtually eliminate transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions from Quayside residents.

In addition, Quayside will be the place to pilot new technology that represents the future of urban transportation. Robot-driven urban freight, city-friendly self-driving shuttle buses, and trafc lights that can sense pedestrians are some of the systems that can make a positive diference in Quayside itself and lay the groundwork for larger-scale innovation and system enhancements that can be deployed on the Although only blocks away from each other, Quayside and the Distillery District are worlds apart in terms of the modal choices their current layouts encourage. Key to making Quayside into a Eastern Waterfront. pedestrian, bike, and transit-oriented neighbourhood is giving it a high-quality public realm and linking it fully into the sidewalk, bike path, and transit network of downtown Toronto. Even the Distillery District’s area, however, has signifcant auto ownership rates, suggesting even greater improvement is necessary. Credit: Mark Wickens

132 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX A Plan for Greener, Healthier Transportation Choices

100 Auto (Driver 15 and Passenger)

31 Shared Ride 10 and Other 75 54 4 40 Transit 50 2 39 Modal Split (% of all trips) Split Modal 30 25 Walk and 26 35 Bicycle 14 0

Business as Usual Best Practice Plans Sidewalk Vision Although Quayside sits in Ward 28, its Integrating Quayside into downtown Sidewalk’s vision for Quayside goes further than highway access, lack of direct streetcar Toronto using best practices would result current best practices. Mitigating weather efects service, and the barrier created by the in a mode split more refective of Ward 28, will encourage even more walking and biking by highway/rail corridor make it possible shown above. This would include several of doubling the amount of time that the outdoors feels that its future mobility patterns could Waterfront Toronto’s requirements: a mixed- comfortable; Sidewalk estimates this to switch refect the more auto-dependent use environment, pedestrian and cycling 9 percent of trips away from driving and transit. Ward 30 to its east. Ward 30’s mode amenities, and less parking, as well as current Shared-ride services will eliminate the need for splits, shown above, would be a severe plans such as links under the Gardiner and many auto trips, especially among the very short disappointment for a site with such the proposed Eastern Waterfront streetcar. trips to drop of a passenger; this should enable potential. By making it easier to walk, bike, or take a 6 percent switch to rideshare, from driving and transit to downtown, these modes would transit. Carsharing will reduce auto ownership, increase dramatically and displace driving. providing the ability to drive when necessary, but Source: Transportation Tomorrow Nonetheless, parking availability in the also prompting residents to take transit when the (2011), 24-hour mode shares for surrounding neighbourhoods and convenient auto is not really needed. With these innovations, residents of Wards 30 and 28. “Shared highway access could still encourage higher Quayside could be the most auto-independent ride” includes other modes such as auto orientation than for neighbourhoods in neighbourhood in Toronto. school bus, taxi, and GO Transit. the center of downtown Toronto.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 133 MOBILITY Stitching Quayside into Downtown Toronto

AS ONE OF NORTH AMERICA’S MOST PEDESTRIAN-ORIENTED CITIES, and needed north-south service. increasingly an attractive place for cycling, Toronto ofers an excellent network of walkable streets and bike lanes. Quayside Quayside’s location creates a natural impulse to walk or cycle will connect to the sidewalk and cycling network of the rest of to adjacent areas, like the Distillery District. However, as the the city, across the currently formidable barrier of the Gardiner city’s TOCore strategy notes, access between downtown and its Expressway. Walking will be the dominant mode choice for all trips waterfront is unappealing because of the Gardiner Expressway and within the neighbourhood and into the vibrant neighbourhoods just the rail corridor. Incremental changes, including improved lighting, to the north. Cycling rates will be among the highest in the city. public art installations, and protected space for food trucks and Altogether, walking and cycling will make up 35 percent of all trips other programming, will help make both the Parliament and Cherry by residents. Street underpasses more attractive, but the potential exists to create a truly iconic link to the heart of the city. Sidewalk’s walking and cycling strategy has three components: 3. Making the public realm pedestrian- and bike-friendly 1.Designing for short trips A core part of Sidewalk’s mobility strategy is a public realm that Core to achieving high levels of walkability and bikeability is the invites and facilitates more active transportation options. right urban form. Quayside will be planned so that all residents live within a fve-minute walk from everyday needs, with parks, grocery An intelligent public realm management system will identify the stores, restaurants, and transit nearby. maintenance needs of the streets and sidewalks before pedestrians and cyclists are inconvenienced; it will also track the demand for Cycling will be easy and convenient, with an abundance of sidewalk, bike lane, and road space and allocate lanes accordingly Toronto bike share stations. This density of pedestrian and bicycle through pavement-embedded LEDs that can signal changing uses. amenities will lead to WalkScore and BikeScore ratings of more Responsive trafc signals will identify pedestrians and cyclists and than 95. manage auto trafc to give them priority.

2.Connecting to the rest of the city

Quayside’s mobility network will create extensive connections with existing and planned cycling and pedestrian networks in Toronto. In addition, it will feature a brand new pedestrian/cycling bridge to connect with Parliament Street and hook into the potential path north of the Esplanade, and provide for much-

134 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Making the links across the Gardiner and the railway attractive to pedestrians is critical to integrating Quayside into the vibrant pedestrian cultures of the Distillery District, the Esplanade, and Old Toronto. Sidewalk Labs will work with Toronto Bike Share to ensure a generous provision of bike stations.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 135 MOBILITY Weather Mitigation to Further Encourage Active Mobility

TORONTO’S CLIMATE IS PART OF ITS DNA, but wind, rain, and extremes of hot and cold weather keep people indoors more often than is necessary and discourage active mobility.

Innovative urban design, new lightweight materials, and better weather prediction capabilities make it more feasible than ever before to manage the outdoor experience without turning public spaces into indoor winter gardens. Awnings that block rain, physical structures that block wind during the winter but not during the summer, and sun shades can all add signifcantly to the daytime and evening hours when the experienced temperature feels comfortable to most people.

In planning Quayside, Sidewalk will incorporate a variety of weather mitigation strategies into buildings, pedestrian areas, and bike lanes. A fully implemented set of interventions could more than double the number of hours that people spend outdoors, dramatically increasing walking and cycling as a means to get around. Weather mitigation structures will make outdoor public spaces more widely used, more of the time.

136 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX More Comfortable Hours Outdoors Per Year

Current

January 2,364 Comfortable Hours Outdoors per Year December

With Sidewalk’s Proposed Weather Mitigations

January 5,131 Comfortable Hours Outdoors per Year December

Mitigating Climate: This grid shows comfortability during every hour of every day over an average Legend year, as measured at Billy Bishop Airport. Comfort is defned using the universal thermal comfort index. In Precipitation Toronto, there are on average 2,364 total comfortable hours in a year. Using analytically-determined Too Hot weather mitigation interventions, including basic Comfortable wind breaks and trees, Sidewalk will increase total comfortable outdoor hours to 5,131 per year. Too Cold Source: Environment Canada

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 137 MOBILITY Linking to Downtown: Expanding Quayside’s Transit Accessibility

SIDEWALK BELIEVES THAT A FEW KEY, strategic transit investments can transform Quayside into one of the most transit-connected parts of the city. These include extensions of existing transit lines as well as the creation of new services, and will require creative partnerships with Waterfront Toronto and the Toronto Transit Commission.

While the planned waterfront streetcar is one critical link, Sidewalk’s vision includes several other incremental improvements that together will enable high-quality transit access to most downtown destinations.

This will enable most Quayside residents, and most Quayside workers, to get to their jobs by transit.

Extension of existing streetcar service is a critical part of the plan to better connect Quayside with Downtown Toronto. Credit: Mark Wickens

138 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Transit Enhancements

Waterfront Streetcar 65 Parliament Bus The proposed streetcar line linking Queens Direct access from Quayside to the Bloor-Danforth Quay East and Union Station is Quayside’s most subway line would make it possible for many important transit link, due to the connection to the Torontonians to access jobs and entertainment subway that it would provide. options at Quayside. The 65 bus currently links the Castle Frank subway station to the Esplanade, just on the north side of the railway from Quayside. Sidewalk would seek to explore with TTC the 501 Spadina potential for a limited-stop version of the 65 to Given the desire for Quayside to attract extend to Quayside as well as serve other stops on entrepreneurs and innovators, it is expected Parliament Street. that many journeys will connect Quayside with the University of Toronto. Sidewalk would seek to explore with TTC the potential for some 501 streetcars to follow Queens Quay East to Quayside Technology-Enhanced Transit Service rather than terminating at Union Station. TTC and the City have already undertaken to apply transit-friendly technology and street management techniques to speed transit service, most notably on King Street. Sidewalk would seek to work with Ferry Service TTC and the City to explore new technologies Ferries from the Jack Layton terminal provide that could further improve travel times, such as quality service to the City Islands, and from trafc signals that incorporate artifcial intelligence Bathurst Street to Billy Bishop Airport. A new ferry and computer vision to optimize trafc fows and dock at Quayside could provide a direct link to prioritize transit and pedestrians over automobiles. both. For Quayside, the two most important such applications would likely be on King Street and up Parliament Street.

514 Cherry Street A short extension of the 514 line underneath the railway and the Gardiner would signifcantly improve the neighbourhood’s connectivity to both the east side and the west side of downtown. Although the current terminus of the 514 is only a short distance from Quayside, direct service is likely to increase ridership signifcantly. Further, the potential exists to integrate the 514 into the new waterfront route. Toronto Harbour

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 139 MOBILITY Reducing Dependence on the Private Automobile in Quayside

THE STRATEGIES OUTLINED HERE—expanding Quayside’s transit Reducing Auto Ownership connections to downtown Toronto, making it easier to cross the Gardiner, and mitigating weather conditions to make the area Percentage of households with one or more vehicles more hospitable to walking and cycling—will go a long way 80 78 toward achieving Sidewalk’s goal of reducing the share of all 74 69 residents’ trips made by privately-owned vehicles to 15 percent. 66

With this reduction will come a decline in rates of auto 60 50 ownership. Citywide, 78 percent of Toronto households own a 47 vehicle. The neighborhoods adjacent to Quayside have auto- 40 ownership rates of more than 70 percent, due to their proximity to the highway and the availability of parking. 20 In the absence of a comprehensive mobility plan, it is 20 reasonable to expect that Quayside will have similarly high auto-ownership rates. Even with good-practice eforts at 0 integrating Quayside into downtown Toronto, it would be likely All Toronto Ward 30 Zone 61 Zone 15 Ward 28 Zone 26 (The Sidewalk (Waterfront - (Distillery Esplanade) Quayside that Quayside would have auto ownership rates comparable to Ferry) District) the Esplanade area, at 47 percent. Auto ownership levels in the current zones no alternative to owning a car for their mobility adjacent to Quayside refect levels in Ward needs; it appears that the remaining 50%+ of To drive the auto-ownership rate even lower—to Sidewalk’s 30 rather than the rest of Ward 28, in which households own vehicles for shorter trips around target of 20 percent—parking in Quayside will be limited and Quayside sits. Among other things, this refects the city and occasional longer trips out of the the proximity of the highway and the availability city. Sidewalk believes the combination of nearby carefully managed, using a combination of Flow’s technology of parking. With Sidewalk’s approach to making amenities, shared rides, and car sharing can make shared rides and shared vehicles available, it unnecessary to own a car for the vast majority and parking pricing strategies that discourage the discretionary and to managing parking, it will be possible of these purposes, making it possible to reduce to expect auto ownership rates far lower than discretionary auto ownership rates to around 10%, use of automobiles. Further, it will be necessary to provide even in the neighbouring Esplanade. Based on yielding target of 20% auto ownership. Ward 28 data, roughly 10% of households have alternatives for those trips where people fnd an automobile Source: Transportation to be genuinely useful, by ofering shared rides and shared Tomorrow (2011) vehicles to ensure that giving up a car does not mean giving up mobility.

140 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Innovative Parking Strategies

A critical determinant of the decision to own a car, or to drive from areas, or at times, when transit options are limited. to a destination, is the availability and cost of parking. Both Technology will enable pricing to vary in real time based on as a result of Sidewalk's target auto ownership rate of 20 transit availability. percent, and to help achieve it, Quayside will have less than half the number of parking spaces than would be included Sidewalk’s portfolio company, Flow, is developing products in areas of comparable size. Sidewalk will use technology to that present the true times and costs of trips (such as parking manage and vary parking pricing and to empower travelers and tolls) to travelers through consumer navigation apps that with information that discourages facile reliance on cars. they already use. This capability will be especially important when it comes to realizing the full efect of price-managed Traditionally, retail centres and attractions make parking parking in Quayside. inexpensive for all users, which inadvertently incentivizes driving even for those visitors who have a good transit Using Flow’s technology, a user planning to travel to Quayside alternative. would see both transit and driving options, paired with all associated fares, tolls, and parking fees. Travelers would be In Quayside, Sidewalk will pilot a program that keeps parking empowered to make decisions based on the true economic prices high, but ofers discounts to people who are coming costs–in time and money–of each transportation mode.

Flow’s Parking Services

Information on the congestion of roads, as well as the availability and price of parking, will be communicated to the user in ways that help them make decisions that minimize frustration and driving, as shown in prototypes from Flow’s Parking service.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 141 MOBILITY Providing Access Where Transit Is Less Competitive

WHILE MAKING QUAYSIDE WALKABLE, BIKEABLE and transit- EV Sharing for Residents accessible will make it possible to conduct the vast majority of trips without a car, there will be some trips where transit is Many urbanites choose to own a car even Sidewalk’s vision is to ensure that all less attractive as an option. Some relatively short trips might when they use it infrequently. But owning residents have access to a feet of shared, an automobile encourages usage because electric vehicles (EV). This will meet require one or more transfers by transit, and thus driving would many of the costs are fxed. Carsharing has residents’ needs with a feet of vehicles be much faster even in downtown trafc. A small portion of demonstrated its ability to allow urbanites only a tenth as large as if they owned cars residents will have jobs or other commitments that require who do not own cars to have the occasional at the rates of neighbouring areas. And by access they need without stimulating centralizing maintenance, and providing the frequent use of an auto. And many residents fnd that an unnecessary driving trips, or occupying parking equipped with EV charging, the automobile is useful even for occasional trips, which is why valuable land for parking. necessary transportation can be provided at auto ownership far exceeds the number of households who rely a much lower cost and with little impact on the environment. on the automobile on a daily basis for the journey to work.

Reducing auto ownership will play a major role in ensuring that the automobile is only used for trips where it is distinctively valuable. But for those trips, enabling a car-free life requires providing options for people to get where they need to go without owning a car.

Sidewalk’s vision for Quayside includes a heavy reliance on two such strategies. For short trips, shared-ride services are especially appropriate. For longer trips, car-sharing for residents can ofer people the ability for the occasional trip without encouraging them to decide to buy a car.

EV carsharing will provide a way for residents of Quayside to reach destinations beyond downtown easily while eliminating the incentive to own their own car. Credit: Zipcar

142 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX The Power of Shared Ride Services to Replace Driving Alone

Many trips to and from Quayside are likely Lyft Line, UberPool, and Waze Carpool— Sidewalk would also work with employers, mode using mobility as a service, a digital to involve destinations where there isn’t through which individual trips can be retailers, and others at Quayside to ofer user interface showing travel times and enough volume to justify frequent direct combined into efcient carpooling trips. In targeted discounts and subsidies for trips costs for every option. Companies such as bus or streetcar service, but which are less areas where enough trips occur to match when transit does not ofer a high-quality TransitApp, Google Maps, and CityMapper than 10 kilometers away. Today, driving trips reliably, shared-ride services can often option. The areas where subsidies would all ofer this kind of service now, but with would be an attractive choice for these match the bus service in terms of cost and be ofered would vary by time and day, in limitations; Sidewalk’s app will ensure that trips. Technology ofers a great solution in environmental efciency. response to changes in transit services and users are not locked into one interface for all the form of shared ride services—such as demand. Users will choose the best travel of their trips to and from Quayside.

For areas of downtown where ridership does not warrant direct new transit service, Quayside shared-ride services ofer an Toronto Harbour environmentally friendly and cost-efective approach to Shared Ride Zone high-quality mobility.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 143 MOBILITY Making the Transition at Quayside to Self- Driving Vehicles

THE SELF-DRIVING VEHICLE is the most Introducing Self-Driving Technology to Torontonians revolutionary transport technology under development, and it will be a key to Sidewalk envisions testing self- This service would demonstrate the making the Eastern Waterfront a global driving shuttles on a route linking potential and the attractiveness of test bed for shared, urban mobility. the Distillery District, Quayside, self-driving technology, and create Quayside’s intimate size will make it Cherry Beach and Tommy Thompson an attraction in its own right on convenient to travel within the site Park during the summer. Such a Toronto’s waterfront, emphasizing without conventional cars—an ideal place shuttle would alleviate parking the area’s commitment to innovation. to usher in a transition to a future without challenges on beach days, while them. The street grid will be designed also linking beachgoers to retail and specifcally for pedestrians, cyclists, and dining opportunities in the Distillery shared, self-driving vehicles. And the District. neighbourhood will immediately be open for controlled pilots of self-driving cars, including a shuttle between Quayside and Cherry Beach.

Through the design of the streets and the location of the limited parking that will be available, conventional vehicles will be restricted to a small zone that will serve as a transition, at frst, to the rest of Quayside, and, ultimately, to the Eastern Waterfront—the frst place in the world where conventional vehicles will be a thing of the past.

Visitors will board an electric self-driving shuttle at the Distillery District to go to Tommy Thompson Park.

144 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Getting Stuf When You Want and How You Want: Freight Transit

ClearPath and Amazon’s Kiva have then distribute them on the underground demonstrated that robots can efectively robot network. Each delivery would be move freight in industrial and warehouse routed according to its level of urgency, settings. The utility channels that Sidewalk perishability, or priority, and additional plans for Quayside and the Eastern modes might be employed, such as delivery Waterfront would enable the application of bikes and aerial drones. The urban freight this innovation to short-distance, intracity system would make a signifcant contribution freight. A freight system that operates in to reclaiming streets for pedestrians and the background means fewer trucks on the cyclists with no loss of utility for businesses street, improving the experience of outdoor and residents. restaurants, cafes, plazas, and parks.

Pallet-shaped robots will be able to deliver a wide variety of items in standardized containers. At frst, the system would deliver the post, which could arrive at a central mailroom; packages would be dropped of in safe, monitored zones (such as resident-only areas) or in digital lockers, located on the Powerful, fat-topped street or in common areas, which can only be delivery robots (such as opened by the intended recipient. the one pictured here, developed by ClearPath) can accommodate packages Freight transit would also be made available big and small, while sealed for the use of Quayside’s businesses containers will mean that and residents. This would enable goods delivery of waste or food will transportation 24/7, and the system would be sanitary and dependable. also be used to haul solid waste in sealed Distribution centres will Credit: M P Hennessey clear containers. consolidate deliveries, reducing the number of legacy truck and overall What is learned at Quayside will inform the delivery trips in the Eastern reinvention of urban freight on a broader Waterfront. The potential scale on the Eastern Waterfront. Few, if exists to make such parcel any, deliveries would arrive on traditional centres mobile, so they can be loaded in a mailroom and trucks; virtually all arriving deliveries would positioned by robot. be routed into a consolidation or distribution Credit: Lancaster University centre that would sort packages and

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 145 MOBILITY The Future of Urban Mobility on the Eastern Waterfront

TECHNOLOGY WILL TRANSFORM URBAN MOBILITY ON the Eastern Waterfront, to create a rapid transit skyway especially suited to crossing the where traditional, privately owned vehicles will be a thing of the past. waterways that divide the Eastern Waterfront from downtown. Those same waterways provide the opportunity for the expanded use of Self-driving technology and shared-ride services will combine to ferries at a smaller scale. create a new kind of transportation network. Functioning more like transit than like taxis today, self-driving vehicles will enable most trips Few places in a major city anywhere in the world have as much within the Eastern Waterfront, and on key corridors into neighbouring potential to demonstrate the power of new technology to areas, to take place on-demand, point-to-point, with little or no complement traditional transit and reimagine urban mobility. This waiting time. transformation will begin in Quayside and be fully realized on the Eastern Waterfront. As a feet of lightweight, highly-efcient vehicles, they will consume little energy; as a feet of shared-ride vehicles, they will occupy far less space than traditional cars; and as they will be self-driving, the vehicles on the Eastern Waterfront will have fewer accidents, reliably travel at pedestrian-friendly speeds, and give pedestrians and cyclists the right of way at all times.

A ground trafc control system, using sensors to communicate electronically with vehicles, will help the system function efciently. It will balance travel patterns, guide vehicles around areas with pedestrian trafc, and reallocate street space, as needed, to cyclists and others.

It is important to note that a new neighbourhood on the Eastern Waterfront will beneft immensely from the new Metrolink station proposed for Broadview Avenue, the further extension of streetcars, and the proposed relief line of the subway system. The Eastern Waterfront will also be home to unorthodox forms of transit. Lightweight materials and self-driving technology will combine

146 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX The possibilities are endless for new mobility solutions on the Eastern Waterfont.

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 147 MOBILITY Taxibot Network: A New Form of Urban Transit

SELF-DRIVING VEHICLE USE will be expanded from a shuttle in Quayside into a shared, on-demand taxi service in the Eastern Waterfront. With door-to-door service and negligible waiting times, this “taxibot” system will combine the convenience of private cars and the efciency of public transit.

Through mobility-as-a-service applications, passengers will be able to choose easily between nodes and will determine their own preferences, such as “ride alone” or “vehicle with roof rack.” Passengers will also be able to schedule their travel, ensuring that a ride is always waiting. High-volume routes will be served by multi-passenger self- driving vans (vanbots).

Special features, such as discounted rides for low-income residents, will be enabled by settings on a given user’s account and verifed through the authentication system, much as a discounted transit pass today is verifed by a photo ID. In the same way, employers and retailers may choose to pay for rides for workers and customers, much as restaurants and shops validate parking today.

Sidewalk Labs will work with companies such as Waymo to deploy the baseline feet of taxibots and multi-passenger vanbots. Existing providers, such as Lyft, would be welcome to enter the market. A key goal of the taxibot system is to use competition to improve user experience, and individuals will be encouraged to include any privately- owned self-driving vehicles in the system as well. Shared on-demand services realize the full potential of the autonomous vehicle. Credit: DBOX

148 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX What the Taxibot Means for the Eastern Waterfront

Safer, More Pleasant Streets Even Fewer Than Lisbon

The self-driving taxibot system will increase mobility within the Eastern The International Transport Forum has conducted some of the most advanced Waterfront (and other points in Toronto, if allowed), reduce conficts between modeling to date on the potential for taxibots and vanbots to remake transportation cyclists/pedestrians and vehicles, and almost entirely eliminate the need for in an urban context. Their studies of Lisbon suggest a potential reduction of vehicles parking. Shared rides will dramatically cut both total vehicle-kilometers traveled by 60 percent. (VKT) and the number of vehicles on the street at any given time, with an associated improvement in air quality and environment. On the Eastern Waterfront, the decline in cars and vehicle kilometers travelled is likely to be far more signifcant.

Shared Rides Means Fewer Cars CPB Corporate Partnership Board Together with other mobility for the Eastern Waterfront would solutions, taxibots are a critical have 37,600 private autos; by means to reduce congestion and contrast,Urban Mobility the Eastern System Waterfront Upgrade emissions in the Eastern Waterfront. at maturityHow shared self-driving will require cars could just change 1,440 city tra fc taxibots and 456 vanbots for transit, What if all trips in a city were carried out by a fleet of self-driving A part of the Greater Toronto Area creatingcars shared aby users?far moreThis study explorestransit-rich the potential outcomesand of equivalent in size and comparable such a radical upgrade in an urban mobility system. It concludes that auto-freeup to 9 out of environment.10 conventional cars could become redundant under density to what Sidewalk envisions certain circumstances. Vast amounts of public space would be freed for other uses in such a scenario. However, the total volume of travel increases in most scenarios and the net benefit of such an urban mobility system upgrade decisively depends on the choice of vehicle type, the level of penetration and the availability of high-capacity public transport to complement the shared self-driving car fleet.

Greater Toronto The work forEastern this report was carried Waterfront out in the context of a project initiated and funded by the International Transport Forum’s Corporate Equivalent PartnershipProjected Board (CPB). CPB projects are designed to enrich policy discussion with a business perspective. Led by the ITF, work is carried out in a collaborative fashion in working groups consisting of CPB Automobiles 37,600 Private Carsmember companies, 1,440 external Shared experts and ITFTaxibots researchers. Urban Mobility System Upgrade How shared self-driving cars could change city traf c Corporate Partnership Board Local Transit 59 Buses 456 Vanbots Report

8 Streetcars International Transport Forum 2 rue André Pascal 75775 Paris Cedex 16 France T +33 (0)1 45 24 97 10 F +33 (0)1 45 24 13 22 Email : [email protected] Web: www.internationaltransportforum.org 2015-04 /Photo credit: ITF

2015-04-20_CPB_Urban mobility system upgrade 21x28.indd 1 20/04/2015 17:40:31

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 149 MOBILITY Taming Urban Trafc: Ground Trafc Control System Dynamic Streets That Collect MAKING URBAN STREETS FLOW SMOOTHLY and safely is a rarely achieved and Respond to Data goal in most densely populated cities.

Today, our limited ability to optimize the way the streets work leads to poor performance. Pedestrians are trapped on narrow sidewalks, and crossing times do not adjust for the diferent needs of diferent people. Signals do not give priority to cyclists or transit vehicles. And even the smartest trafc signals optimize for an intersection or a corridor, not an entire district.

Sidewalk’s vision for the Eastern Waterfront involves a new approach to urban trafc management, one that can draw from an exhaustive set of data inputs to optimize for safety throughput. Termed a ground trafc control system because it mimics the way air trafc control systems function, GTCS will coordinate movement in a way that takes into account the functions, capabilities, and needs of each user.

LED lights, embedded in pavement, Building on Current Eforts could enable street allocation to respond to changing needs across the day.

GTCS on the Eastern Waterfront would simulations that will enable a comprehensive, build on several systems Sidewalk would dynamic, and real-time trafc optimization implement in Quayside. Sidewalk’s to be developed and updated on a constant Semaphore Lab is developing trafc lights basis, re-timing signals to serve all users that can identify cyclists and pedestrians, well. And the transportation platform and calculate their speeds, to identify when that Sidewalk envisions for Quayside will potential collisions might occur and adjust gather a full picture of residents’ travel signals accordingly. The eforts on parking preferences. Building on these capabilities, management under way by Sidewalk’s in the Eastern Waterfront, GTCS will create portfolio company, Flow, will lead ultimately a new paradigm for urban transportation to the ability to track the occupancy of all management. spaces on the road. Sidewalk’s Model Lab is working on advanced, data-driven urban

150 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Magnifying the Efectiveness of Urban Mobility Policy Real-time Data

With these capabilities, GTCS would enable fxed route, or charging vehicles for every a number of powerful transportation policies: kilometer traveled, GTCS would allow charging for specifc, congested blocks, VEHICLE: 6C61727279 Put people before vehicles. The throughput varied on a moment’s notice, and sent to OCCUPANCY: 5 PAX / 6 CAPACITY and performance of the urban street system users immediately. In the context of a self- VELOCITY: 15.1 MPH is usually analyzed in its ability to move driving taxibot network, where rides involve LOCATION: 42.366532,-83.032688 vehicles, rather than people. With detailed some price already, the imposition of a road VEHICLE: 7365726765790A information on uses of the system–including, user charge would be far more acceptable OCCUPANCY: 2 PAX / 4 CAPACITY for example, the number of passengers in a than the imposition of tolls on roads that are VELOCITY: 22.2 MPH LOCATION: 42.361879, -83.031234 taxibot–GTCS will be able to organize trafc traditionally free. so as to advantage the greatest number of users, rather than vehicles.

Emphasize reliability over speed. User research indicates that users value reliability in urban trip times over speed. In other words, trips are considered frustrating when they take 20 minutes one day and 40 minutes the next, while a reliable 30-minute travel time is easy to plan around. By maintaining consistent trafc speeds, even at lower, safer speeds, GTCS can make trips more reliable and predictable for cyclists, drivers, and transit riders alike.

Enable pricing and other incentives. While road pricing is a controversial topic in Available Road Capacity With an understanding of current demand and communities across North America, there future demands, the Ground Traffic Control is no question that incentives are important System can dynamically allocate road and curb High availability, Low cost tools to infuence people’s mobility choices. space as necessary. Medium availability, Medium cost GTCS would enable the introduction of a road pricing system that makes sense to Low availability, High cost travelers. Rather than imposing tolls on a

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 151 MOBILITY Thinking Outside and Above the Box

AERIAL TRANSIT HAS LONG BEEN an objective of Aerial skyways could bypass congestion urban visionaries, beginning with the elevated and indirect routes on land and water, much like the system developed to cross steam railway of the nineteenth century. the River Thames in London, England.

From Rio de Janeiro to London, cities have already adopted the gondola as a way to ofer transit, especially across barriers such as water. On the Eastern Waterfront, Sidewalk will pilot a personal rapid transit skyway system. It will combine overhead transport with lightweight vehicles and structures, and technology to make services personalizable.

This could take the form of individually dispatchable gondolas, self-driving pods, such as the Persuasive Electric Vehicle (PEV) under development at MIT, that might be able to travel on land and connect at tower-launching stations to aerial skyway cables or guideways. Advances in battery and material technology might also make it possible for lightweight overhead ramps to carry small-scale, self- driving vehicles as well as bicycles.

THIS IMAGE IS FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY AND DOES NOT REFLECT ANY PLANNING PRODUCT.

152 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Taking Advantage of the Water: High-Speed Ferries

THE EASTERN WATERFRONT WOULD ALSO BE AN ideal place to make use of next-generation ferry service.

While the majority of Quayside’s mobility needs will be met by Sidewalk’s suite of land-based solutions, ferries will ofer valuable service to the larger Eastern Waterfront site. Multiple small docks and smaller ferry vessels will allow “fex service” that deviates from fxed route service. Smaller ferries would also be useful for internal trips within the Eastern Waterfront.

High-speed ferry service from Jack Layton Ferry Terminal could provide a walk/ferry trip between Union Station and the Financial District; and ferry service to Billy Bishop Airport would enhance the district’s competitiveness as a business location. New high-speed ferry vessels would be smaller and meet current damage stability criteria set by Transport Canada.

High-speed ferries could provide competitive travel times between Jack Layton Terminal (shown left), Billy Bishop Airport, and Eastern Waterfront destinations. Credit: Mark Wickens

Thames Clippers River Bus Express, shown right, connects the London Eye and London Bridge Piers to the O2 Arena. The scenic service take 35 minutes and reduces congestion on London's bus and rail networks. Credit: O2

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 153 MOBILITY Product Development Strategy: Quayside Pilot: Eastern Waterfront Manifestation:

Roadmap Ground Trafc Sidewalk will determine the existing and new set of data inputs that Sidewalk will incorporate real-time parking availability and road use Sidewalk will transition the comprehensive "view" of road and will enable the GTCS to optimize for throughput and safety. Directed patterns in Quayside into a standardized data platform. Sidewalk parking use into a comprehensive "view and manage" toolkit for Control System parking and responsive trafc signals will form the basis during early will develop a single interface to measure levels of service across ofcials to monitor and adapt regulation to real-time parking and stage development. use cases, providing the foundation for a new transportation trafc conditions in the Eastern Waterfront. management system.

Self-driving Sidewalk will work with manufacturers of self-driving vehicles to Sidewalk will use Quayside’s pedestrian-only zone as a testing site The Eastern Waterfront will dedicate most streets for self- identify and test a 6-10-person shuttle between the Distillery District for self-driving vehicles, and the Cherry Beach shuttle will be a driving vehicle-only use, and taxibots will be a major source of Taxibots and Cherry Beach, with a target operational date of summer 2018. summer feature of the site. Depending on the progress of self-driving urban mobility both within the Eastern Waterfront and to many Toronto-specifc conditions will be closely studied, particularly the technology, self-driving shuttles may begin to connect Quayside destinations in downtown Toronto. Parking in the Eastern Waterfront efect of snow on AV technology. with destinations in downtown Toronto, perhaps most logically to will be dramatically reduced. mid-Bay Street or the Castle Frank subway station.

Sidewalk will initiate discussions with proven frms in the PRT space Sidewalk will pilot several approaches to PRT,soliciting feedback Sidewalk will explore the development of a personal rapid transit skyway Personal as well as OEMs of self-driving vehicles. Several pilot projects will be from residents and visitors about mode type and convenience. The system that combines overhead transport with lightweight vehicles Rapid Transit conceived, including testing of new mode types like Persuasive Electric fndings from Quayside will enable Sidewalk and its partners to design and structures. A route from the eastern end of the Eastern Waterfront, Vehicles (PEVs), so PRT transit options can be made available as soon a comprehensive PRT system that will serve the signifcantly larger through Quayside, into downtown Toronto will be determined. PRT as Quayside begins to populate. Siting work for aerial towers and cable population in the Eastern Waterfront. A prototype for aerial cables and schedules and services will be surfaced to users via the MaaS platform. material investigation will also begin. towers will begin in Quayside or of-site.

Directed Parking Sidewalk will partner with leading navigation apps to present Through the MaaS platform, Sidewalk will provide customized Roadway and curbside space will be charged in minute increments parking availability to users. By making the data easily accessible, parking information and pricing to users based on their desired based on current demand and availability, setting the stage for Quayside residents and visitors will be incentivized to switch modes, destination and the public transit alternatives to using a private congestion and usage-based pricing to better manage the network. reducing congestion related to searching for parking. vehicle. Realtime parking management will allow users to "book" With the introduction of self-driving taxibots to the Eastern time in loading zones in minute increments, increasing throughput Waterfront, several conventional vehicle parking facilities will and reducing inefciencies in the parking process. transition to serve other uses.

Sidewalk will work with the City of Toronto to apply newly Sidewalk will work with a car manufacturer or OEM partner to Sidewalk will work with public and private partners to adapt sensor Responsive Trafc developed sensing technology on roads and intersections in deploy responsive sensing technology to signal controllers for technology and develop computer vision tools that can identify Quayside and along Queens Quay. The sensors combined with state- mode-sensitive, real-time trafc control and safety. At the Eastern Signals pedestrians, bicyclists, and vehicles. Optimization algorithms of-the-art computer vision algorithms will generate new data sets on Waterfront scale, Sidewalk expects to observe quantifable will inform signal timing, adjusting to a wide variety of possible mode split, turn ratio, and analytics, paving the way for advanced improvements in throughput and safety. situations and edge cases at intersections. signal adaptation.

Mobility Sidewalk will either partner with an existing MaaS software provider Sidewalk will ofer transport options and Quayside-related benefts Sidewalk’s mobility-as-a-service interface will become the or will develop the interface envisioned for its MaaS ofering in-house. via multiple MaaS providers, including subsidies for transit, rideshare background layer for a taxibot dispatch service. Residents and visitors as a Service Additionally, Sidewalk will begin to conduct user studies on payment carpool, bikeshare and carshare programs and information on parking. will beneft from the reliability of the service to get them to their preference, comparing per trip fees to monthly fees. Quayside users will be able to choose the best trip based on cost, destinations via various transit options. time, and other criteria.

154 RFP NO. RFP2017-13 NO. APPENDIX2017-13 APPENDIX PURPOSEFULPURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONSSOLUTIONS 155155 Quayside Pilot: Eastern Waterfront Manifestation:

Sidewalk will incorporate real-time parking availability and road use Sidewalk will transition the comprehensive "view" of road and patterns in Quayside into a standardized data platform. Sidewalk parking use into a comprehensive "view and manage" toolkit for will develop a single interface to measure levels of service across ofcials to monitor and adapt regulation to real-time parking and use cases, providing the foundation for a new transportation trafc conditions in the Eastern Waterfront. management system.

Sidewalk will use Quayside’s pedestrian-only zone as a testing site The Eastern Waterfront will dedicate most streets for self- for self-driving vehicles, and the Cherry Beach shuttle will be a driving vehicle-only use, and taxibots will be a major source of summer feature of the site. Depending on the progress of self-driving urban mobility both within the Eastern Waterfront and to many technology, self-driving shuttles may begin to connect Quayside destinations in downtown Toronto. Parking in the Eastern Waterfront with destinations in downtown Toronto, perhaps most logically to will be dramatically reduced. mid-Bay Street or the Castle Frank subway station.

Sidewalk will pilot several approaches to PRT, soliciting feedback Sidewalk will explore the development of a personal rapid transit skyway from residents and visitors about mode type and convenience. The system that combines overhead transport with lightweight vehicles fndings from Quayside will enable Sidewalk and its partners to design and structures. A route from the eastern end of the Eastern Waterfront, a comprehensive PRT system that will serve the signifcantly larger through Quayside, into downtown Toronto will be determined. PRT population in the Eastern Waterfront. A prototype for aerial cables and schedules and services will be surfaced to users via the MaaS platform. towers will begin in Quayside or of-site.

Through the MaaS platform, Sidewalk will provide customized Roadway and curbside space will be charged in minute increments parking information and pricing to users based on their desired based on current demand and availability, setting the stage for destination and the public transit alternatives to using a private congestion and usage-based pricing to better manage the network. vehicle. Realtime parking management will allow users to "book" With the introduction of self-driving taxibots to the Eastern time in loading zones in minute increments, increasing throughput Waterfront, several conventional vehicle parking facilities will and reducing inefciencies in the parking process. transition to serve other uses.

Sidewalk will work with the City of Toronto to apply newly Sidewalk will work with a car manufacturer or OEM partner to developed sensing technology on roads and intersections in deploy responsive sensing technology to signal controllers for Quayside and along Queens Quay. The sensors combined with state- mode-sensitive, real-time trafc control and safety. At the Eastern of-the-art computer vision algorithms will generate new data sets on Waterfront scale, Sidewalk expects to observe quantifable mode split, turn ratio, and analytics, paving the way for advanced improvements in throughput and safety. signal adaptation.

Sidewalk will ofer transport options and Quayside-related benefts Sidewalk’s mobility-as-a-service interface will become the via multiple MaaS providers, including subsidies for transit, rideshare background layer for a taxibot dispatch service. Residents and visitors carpool, bikeshare and carshare programs and information on parking. will beneft from the reliability of the service to get them to their Quayside users will be able to choose the best trip based on cost, destinations via various transit options. time, and other criteria.

PURPOSEFULPURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS SOLUTIONS 155155 MOBILITY A Note on Calculating the Environmental Impact of Better Transit at Quayside

ACCOUNTING FOR TRANSPORTATION-RELATED GHG emissions presents We have conducted both analyses, and present them both here. the challenge of whether to allocate a trip’s impact to its origin or its Nonetheless, in both Quayside and on the Eastern Waterfront as destination. For a small area such as Quayside, where many trips will a whole, the choice of approach to calculating the subset of GHG leave its boundaries, attributing to the neighbourhood the full emissions emissions related to transportation does not signifcantly change of every trip starting or ending in Quayside would overstate its emissions overall GHG performance. Using either approach, with all sources relative to the broader City of Toronto. factored in, Quayside approaches but does not quite achieve carbon neutrality, and the Eastern Waterfront achieves Climate Positive To solve this challenge, the relevant protocol for greenhouse-gas performance. accounting ofers two approaches.1 The frst is to allocate all trips to the place where the traveller lives. The second is to split each trip’s emissions, regardless of trip purpose, between the origin and destination.

While each approach has its merits, Sidewalk has chosen the residential- allocation approach as the more appropriate to Quayside. This is for two reasons: frst, because the neighbourhood will have a high proportion of residential use under most plausible programs, and second, because the programs and policies that Sidewalk adopts will likely have greater impact on residents than on workers and visitors. Thus, the residential approach is used in all of Sidewalk's greenhouse gas graphs and statistics.

1. Global Protocol for Community-Scale Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventories, pp. 73-78

156 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Transport-related GHG Emissions per Capita, Mt CO2e per Year

Residential Split-trip method method Discussion

Citywide average, 2013 3.00 3.00 Average for Toronto waterfront 2.18 3.11 Access of site to highways leads to based on expected auto journey to work by auto at a higher ownership and travel patterns rate than Toronto average

Change from Waterfront -0.36 -0.52 Toronto-compliant transport demand management

Waterfront Toronto expected 1.84 2.59 performance

Change from Sidewalk’s -1.42 -1.03 Residents’ behaviour is more afected mobility strategy for Quayside by site-specifc policies than visitors’, particularly in adopting electric vehicles

Quayside performance with 0.42 1.30 SLGHZDON V strategy

PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 157

DIGITAL LAYER Technical Appendix

160 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 161

DIGITAL LAYER Technical Appendix

160 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX PURPOSEFUL SOLUTIONS 161 TECHNICAL APPENDIX Comments on “Toward a Regenerative Waterfront: Quayside Draft Vision Document”

Goal SLGHZDON V Responses RFP Ref

Reactivated Waterfront

Target 30,000 sq ft of arts and culture space Sidewalk plans to exceed the 30,000 sq ft cultural and artistic space requirement and will bring a mix A3-C of cultural uses to the Eastern Waterfront.

Live-work targets In Quayside, Sidewalk will work closely with WDWHUIURQW7RURQWR and local partners to provide a A5-B dynamic range of local, independent, and diverse amenities in close proximity to workplaces, meeting live-work targets.

70/30 use-type split Sidewalk believes that fexible mixed use is better than a fxed-use-type split, which will create a mutually A5-B benefcial environment for residents, visitors, and business owners.

20% increase in resident and visitor participation in In addition to world-class parks and public plazas, innovations like reservable outdoor spaces will help A3-B outdoor installations/areas maximize the personalization of public spaces, drawing activities outdoors.

>50% tree canopy coverage Achieving greater than 50% tree canopy may prove difcult to reconcile with other spatial constraints; A2-D however, Sidewalk will obtain the benefts of tree canopy coverage through a mix of other types of greenery, physical shading, and stormwater management.

Strategy Urban and building design with seasonal variation Sidewalk will mitigate uncomfortable weather conditions through physical layout, fxed and movable A3-B (emphasis on year-round seasonal activity/winter structures, and tree placement, while preserving the quality of being outdoors rather than indoors. activation, winter public gardens)

Flexible and seamless indoor/outdoor private Sidewalk will work with site planners to ensure that public and private spaces are closely woven together, A1-C amenity space and public space creating a sense of neighbourhood and community.

Experimentation in public space through relaxation Sidewalk will look to make certain outdoor spaces reservable for an array of short-term uses, such as pop-up A1-C of regulations/controls to encourage transient and shops or seasonal retailers, or even personal events, such as family picnics or school performances, to draw pop-up interventions (food, drink), micro-spaces, people outdoors. Additionally, Sidewalk is developing a “next-gen bazaar,” a maker space with activity stalls performance, and public artwork that can be refreshed quickly and easily.

24/7 activation with emphasis on evening/night Sidewalk plans to facilitate a vibrant bar, restaurant, and nightlife scene, providing residents and visitors with A3-C activity available year round ample options to celebrate, relax, or socialize.

Augmented reality Waterfront Toronto app Working with Google’s Tango technology, inspired by the work of Playable City, and taking advantage of the -- with interactive information and gamifcation of urban digital platform, Sidewalk plans to experiment with the merger of the physical and digital worlds to participation in the area improve the neighbourhood experience—without walling people of into their individual virtual worlds.

162 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX

New Build in Downtown Toronto

Buildings Area Goal SLGHZDON V Responses RFP Ref

Adaptive and Inclusive Place

Target >30% afordable housing Sidewalk believes that allocating 20-30% of housing units as afordable is an integral part of any solution, but A3-A that it still falls short of a comprehensive, sustainable strategy to deliver mixed-income housing.

Certifcation under International Living Future Sidewalk will seek certifcation under the International Living Future Institute’s JUST program. -- Institute’s JUST program

Rent capped at an afordable limit or pegged to Sidewalk plans to develop new ways to increase housing afordability, whether through capping rent, providing A3-A income (RGI): (1) prices down to 25% of market value rental subsidies, or other innovative approaches, but it will rely largely on the legal and fnancial agreement (2) rices chosen to be afordable for those earning reached between Sidewalk, Waterfront Toronto and the relevant government agencies. 30-80% of area median income (AMI)

30,000—50,000 sq ft of adaptable use types Sidewalk plans to meet these requirements through the fexibility enabled by the Loft building typology. A3-A

Mix of at least three diferent use types in single Radical mixed-use buildings combined with outcome-based code will ensure that multiple uses can coexist A3-A building/development safely.

Strategy New formula to set afordable target prices based on Sidewalk’s Investment Team will work with Waterfront Toronto to create innovative approaches for both the A3-a market trends rental and residential markets.

Innovative afordable ownership program A partial homeownership program, such as Options for Homes, might be a perfect ft for a family looking to A3-A settle down for the long run, whereas a retiree on a fxed income may require a rental subsidy.

Flexible land use and zoning permissions and built New predictive modeling techniques and real-time monitoring can enable a shift to outcome-based building A3-A form/building types to allow multiple uses over the code. The outcome-based system would require buildings (regardless of use) in an area to conform to a series lifecycle of a building/community of safety and quality-of-place metrics that would be measured in realtime.

Provide full mix of housing types and tenures Sidewalk’s Loft concept improves upon traditional loft buildings by planning explicitly for ongoing and frequent A3-A for multiple generations in single buildings/ interior changes around a strong skeletal structure. Its structure would remain fexible over the course of its development, with opportunity to adapt unit over lifecycle, accommodating a radical mix of uses (such as residential, retail, making, ofce, hospitality, and lifetime parking) that can respond quickly to market demand.

Local food and employment strategy Sidewalk will work with WDWHUIURQW7RURQWR to create a proposed set of standards for local food procurement -- and employment within the site.

TECHNICAL APPENDIX 163

New Build in Downtown Toronto

Buildings Area TECHNICAL APPENDIX Comments on “Toward a Regenerative Waterfront: Quayside Draft Vision Document”

Goal SLGHZDON V Responses RFP Ref

Food Forward

Target Community farming/garden space available to all Sidewalk will endeavour to ofer residents garden space within the site to invigorate the community. -- residents

Two acres of land reserved for agricultural uses Two acres of land will have to be balanced against other desirable uses for land, but Sidewalk is eager to A2-D work with WDWHUIURQW7RURQWR and its Weam to ensure ample opportunities for urban agriculture in creative ways.

100% of residents will have access to food grown At the Eastern Waterfront scale, a measurable amount of onsite agriculture may be feasible, but Sidewalk also -- within the district believes that Quayside should be fully integrated into the regional food and agriculture system of the Toronto area.

Every resident within a fve minute walk of a fresh Sidewalk’s concepts for fexible public space and fexible buildings should make it easy for greengrocers, farm A3-C food market stands, and other forms of fresh food providers to fourish throughout the neighbourhood.

Invest 2% of annual proft in sustainable food R&D At this time, Sidewalk is unable to make specific commitments to a sustainable food R&D fund, which -- fund will depend on the nature of the financial partnership between WDWHUIURQWTRURQWR and Sidewalk, however Sidewalk is interested in working with :7 to support sustainable food practices.

Strategy Community gardens and agricultural farming (both Sidewalk’s concepts for fexible buildings and fexible public space uses should enable a desirable A3-c horizontal and vertical) mix of these approaches to emerge organically.

Food business incubators/co-working Sidewalk would be enthusiastic about including food start-ups as part of the start-up ecosystem Sidewalk -- hopes to foster at Quayside and on the Eastern Waterfront.

Pop-up restaurant / food prototype labs Sidewalk’s fexible building and public space concepts will be highly conducive to the emergence of A3-C experimental and temporary restaurants and food prototype labs.

Salvage grocers selling “uglies” and items that are Sidewalk will explore ways to encourage the sale of "uglies" in the site, and will seek to gather and redistribute -- past sell-by useful waste in all forms as part of a holistic waste management program.

Mobile app connects residents to locally sourced Sidewalk’s vision for a Neighbourhood Assistant application will facilitate collaboration and sharing of many A3-C food delivery and to food sharing services to reduce forms, including food sharing; Sidewalk’s vision for a freight transit system will also make food and meal food waste deliveries within the site easier.

164 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX

New Build in Downtown Toronto

Buildings Area Goal SLGHZDON V Responses RFP Ref

High Performance Buildings

Target Architecture 2030 Challenge (site EUI)—see details Sidewalk shares the same ideals of the Architecture 2030 challenge and is committed to planning and -- designing cities, towns, developments, and buildings to low-carbon/carbon-neutral standard.

Green roof to cover 80% of available roof space To satisfy WDWHUIURQW7RURQWR V target of 10% onsite power generation, Sidewalk estimates that 50% of roofs A2-A will need to be outfitted with solar PV, but the remaining 50% of roofs will be green roofs. Through material choices, storm-water management approaches, and public realm design, Sidewalk expects to realize most of the cooling and water retention benefits of green roofs.

Strategy Passive House design standards For overall energy consumption, Sidewalk will plan to use the Passive House standard as a baseline. With a A2-A cluster of Passive House—inspired buildings, Quayside will have the potential to serve as a laboratory for the refnement of this standard to North American multifamily buildings.

All-electric buildings As the centrepiece of a new approach to building energy at Quayside, Sidewalk will pilot a local thermal grid A2-B that taps multiple existing sources of energy for circulation and reuse for heating and cooling. Quayside will rely on its own microgrid with on-site renewable generation and the main grid for its electricity needs. As a result, the only fossil fuels used on the site are likely to be at the thermal grid energy centre as a rarely used backup supply, and potentially for cooking fuel.

Building level wastewater heat recovery Sidewalk has incorporated sewer heat recovery into its thermal grid plan; whether the best scale for A2-B wastewater heat recovery is at the building or neighbourhood scale must be explored.

Database and platform for public sharing (open Sidewalk will develop clear data standards and a well-supported APIs so building energy data can be analyzed A1-F source) of development-wide building energy data by anyone interested.

Smart grid laboratory with connected apartments Sidewalk plans to outft smart meters and controls in all buildings, which will be used to help manage the -- microgrid.

TECHNICAL APPENDIX 165 TECHNICAL APPENDIX Comments on “Toward a Regenerative Waterfront: Quayside Draft Vision Document”

Goal SLGHZDON V Responses RFP Ref

Zero Carbon Energy

Target 100% fossil fuel free Through a sustainability strategy centred on thermal energy capture, Quayside has the potential to be A2 nearly climate positive in its early phases, and the Eastern Waterfront can achieve climate-positive status— demonstrating a new frontier of urban climate innovation.

Net exporter of energy The scale of the Eastern Waterfront makes it possible to incorporate massive sources of heat and cool into the A2 system from Lake Ontario, the Portlands Energy Centre, and Ashbridges Bay Wastewater Treatment Plant, exporting signifcant thermal energy to the rest of the city and achieving climate-positive performance.

10% renewable energy production by cost (LEED Sidewalk expects to generate 10 to 15% of electricity supply with 50% PV coverage and the potential use of A2-A v2009 3 points) biogas (biomethane).

Net Zero buildings or Net Zero adaptable by 2025 Sidewalk plans to achieve Net Zero buildings on an aggressive timeline. A2-B

Strategy Leverage existing, or develop further, zero- Sidewalk plans to leverage sewage heat recovery, biomethane and geoexchange in Quayside. At the Eastern A2-b carbon district cooling and heating infrastructure Waterfront scale, Sidewalk also plans to leverage lake source cooling, as well as waste heat from the Portlands (biomethane, hydrogen, natural gas, biomass, lake Energy Centre and the Ashbridges WWTP. In both sites, natural gas boilers will be used for resilience purposes cooling, etc.) only.

Building scale waste-to-energy gasifcation While Sidewalk is open to exploring all innovative technology, Sidewalk’s current understanding is that building -- scale waste for energy gasifcation may be uneconomical because it will require a high level of presorting and a syngas engine.

Power-2-Gas hydrogen storage system to store Sidewalk has incorporated onsite battery storage into the advanced microgrid concept, and is open to a variety -- carbon-free electricity at night for use during the day of types of battery technologies. However, Sidewalk’s current understanding is that power-2-gas storage is problematic because electrolysis is typically net negative, as it tends to use more electricity than it produces.

Testbed for a range of energy generation and Sidewalk is committed to encouraging innovation to more quickly realize WDWHUIURQW7RURQWR and A2 storage technologies new to market (e.g., glass-2- Sidewalk’s sustainability goals. Sidewalk anticipates piloting facade solar and other technologies as energy, hybrid hydrogen/solar panels, solar paint, practicable. carbon nanotubes)

Smart metering (smart grid) and control software There is limited experience in the marketplace with true multi-source district thermal systems, so Sidewalk A2-B to intelligently optimize energy production, to buy expects to innovate around management software, ideally with a partner who has deep expertise in central and sell energy to/from the grid, and to educate the thermal systems. Similarly, most microgrids have limited software and controls capability, so Sidewalk will public partner and/or develop solutions to manage the two-way fow of electricity in real time.

166 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX

New Build in Downtown Toronto

Buildings Area Goal SLGHZDON V Responses RFP Ref

Total Connectivity

Target Minimum 80% reduction to regional average Sidewalk expects to meet this standard by encouraging non-personal automobile travel through pedestrian and A3-B transport-related CO2 emissions/person cyclist-friendly infrastructure, new transit services (electric AV shuttles, pending extension of the 501 and 514 streetcars) and subsidy policies (e.g. transit pass for residents).

Minimum 80th percentile access to transit and Sidewalk has proposed a multifaceted mobility strategy, which involves AV shuttles and the extension of the A3-B access to destinations (particularly jobs) score 501 and 514 street cars, dynamically dispatched shared rides (such as Lyftline), and connections to major relative to Union Station cycling routes. If implemented, Sidewalk expects to approach or meet this standard.

Achieve all transport-related LEED Neighbourhood Sidewalk expects to meet all LEED ND prerequisites and 90% of credits available. -- Development (ND) prerequisites and 90% of credits available, and platinum-standard for transport variables under other LEED rating systems

Walkscore, Transitscore and Bikescores ≥95 Sidewalk expects to meet Walkscore, Transitscore, and Bikescore ratings of 100 based on our concepts for site -- layout and our mobility strategy.

Exemplar AV and EV-ready development for Toronto Sidewalk plans to work with site planners to identify ideal locations for EV charging stations and will engage A3-B including all residential tenant parking being wired with AV manufacturers to ensure the site has necessary infrastructure for rapid AV deployment. for recharging

Strategy Autonomous shuttle scheme to supplement access Sidewalk hopes to pilot a self-driving shuttle between the Distillery District and Cherry Beach even before A3-b to transit Quayside is developed. On the Eastern Waterfront, this can evolve into a next-generation autonomous transit system that provides point-to-point convenience without the safety risks and high costs of private cars.

Test-bed for autonomous vehicle trials (electric) Working in partnership with Sidewalk’s sibling company, Waymo, and perhaps others, Sidewalk would seek to A3-B use the Eastern Waterfront as a place to test two types of self-driving vehicles: a small personal vehicle and a 6—12 seat vehicle to provide shuttle service to Cherry Beach Park.

Install multipurpose infrastructure including self-lit, Sidewalk will pilot fexible space allocations using embedded LED lights, enabling a temporary bike lane to A3-B photovoltaic pedestrian and cycling surfaces become a pedestrian laneway on demand.

’Next gen’ real-time transit displays incorporating Sidewalk envisions real-time transit displays that surface announcements, delays and capacity; Intersection, a A3-B available capacity and travel time estimates Sidewalk portfolio company, already provides these displays for the MTA in New York City.

Sensors to measure trafc, transit, emissions and/ Sidewalk would pilot a mix of current and advanced sensor technologies (in development through its A3-B or pedestrian fows and generate real-time data Semaphore Lab) that detect not only cars but also cyclists and pedestrians, collecting data that can be in order to measure and test the impact of various analyzed for a myriad of purposes, such as safety and trafc fow optimization. initiatives

TECHNICAL APPENDIX 167

New Build in Downtown Toronto

Buildings Area TECHNICAL APPENDIX Comments on “Toward a Regenerative Waterfront: Quayside Draft Vision Document”

Goal SLGHZDON V Responses RFP Ref

Zero Waste

Target 100% construction waste recovered Material innovations, combined with of-site prefabrication, enable more eco-friendly developments that can A2-A reduce or eliminate construction waste.

Zero operational waste to landfll Sidewalk expects to divert more than 80% of operational waste, working toward 100% diversion. A1-E

Strategy Automated (vacuum) waste collection system (e.g., While a vacuum system is a promising solution, Sidewalk sees even greater beneft in using industrial robots A2-b Envac) with sensors to move solid waste to a central point through open utility channels. By putting waste into standardized containers that robots can move, neighbourhoods can adhere to the current three-bin approach (organics, recyclables, and landfll) while creating fexibility to accommodate any change in the sorting regime.

Building- or district-scale waste-to-energy (e.g., At Quayside, Sidewalk plans to include an anaerobic digester at the central point to consume the A2-B anaerobic digestion, gasifcation, pyrolysis, etc.) neighbourhood’s organic waste. Sidewalk would also pursue a similar strategy in the Eastern Waterfront.

Waste collection, processing, and energy generation At the scale of the Eastern Waterfront, Sidewalk will seek an onsite material recovery facility and perhaps some A2-B from the wider Toronto area in order to be waste form of advanced waste-to-energy facility for the remainder. positive

Expansion of circular economy thinking with local Sidewalk will engage local manufacturers on circular economy concepts, devising pilot projects -- manufacturers where appropriate, if it is determined to be a priority by WDWHUIURQW7RURQWR in the context of the overall project.

Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) Sidewalk would be pleased to work with producers of goods and materials to identify areas to shape the -- behaviour of consumers and producers to help eliminate waste, if it is determined to be a priority by WDWHUIURQW7RURQWR in the context of the overall project.

168 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Goal SLGHZDON VResponses RFP Ref

Material Innovation

Target Adoption of the Living Building Challenge Materials Sidewalk plans to achieve the LEEDv4 Platinum standard, especially given Sidewalk’s focus on Passive House A2-A Petal or LEEDv4 Platinum standards.

Timber structures for low-to-mid-rise buildings Sidewalk intends to experiment with timber structures, which ofer both sustainability and cost benefts. A2-A (remove regulatory barriers, fund testing of mass timber)

Meet LEEDv4 Low-Emitting Materials requirements Sidewalk is committed to exploring a variety of new materials to reach the LEED standard, such as Shikkui A2-A for all building products and furniture plaster and a non-formaldehyde wood adhesive.

50% reduction of whole building embodied carbon Despite challenges in accurately measuring whole-building embodied carbon, Sidewalk will consider -- embodied carbon and plans to incorporate advanced and natural materials.

100% FSC-certifed wood Sidewalk is eager to adopt a target of using 100% FSC-certifed wood, pending an analysis of availability and A2-a other potential constraints.

Vegetated, high-albedo, or permeable surfaces on Sidewalk plans to integrate vegetated and permeable surfaces on all hardscapes. -- all hardscape

1% of construction budget set aside for materials, Sidewalk expects that its aggressive agenda for building innovation will easily allow it to reach this target. -- systems, or method innovations for all building and infrastructure projects

Strategy Bio-based product innovations (mycelium, laminated Sidewalk has already done work involving mycelium and Shikkui plaster as new, bio-based building materials, A2-a structural bamboo, jute/fax-based FRP) and is eager to continue this work and apply it in Quayside.

Facades Innovation (algae facades, photosynthetic Sidewalk plans to develop facade-based solar and facade insulation strategies to achieve Passive House and A2-A glass) LEED standards.

Titaniumdioxide coatings on exterior surfaces Sidewalk is actively researching photocatylic materials, such as Shikkui plaster, which cleans the air. A2-A (hardscapes and facades decompose air pollutants when exposed to UV radiation)

Policy requiring DfD and RFID/information tagging Sidewalk will explore approaches to tagging reusable components, if it is determined to be a priority by -- on reusable components WDWHUIURQW7RURQWR in the context of the overall project.

Setting embodied carbon targets for buildings and Sidewalk plans to set and monitor embodied carbon targets from a building performance perspective, A2-A maintaining database for benchmarking however Sidewalk recognizes that there are signifcant challenges in monitoring from a construction material perspective.

TECHNICAL APPENDIX 169

New Build in Downtown Toronto

Buildings Area

Building The EUIs for Toronto Green Standard Residential: Electric: 83 kWh/m2/yr; Thermal: 177 kWh/m2/yr; Energy Use Tier 1 (2015) - a 15% improvement over Commercial: Electric: 66 kWh/m2/yr; Thermal: 124 kWh/m2/yr; 2012 Ontario Building Code (Ontario Retail: Electric: 36 kWh/m2/yr; Thermal: 115 kWh/m2/yr Building Code (OBC) 2012) Social: Electric: 95 kWh/m2/yr; Thermal: 122 kWh/m2/yr TECHNICAL APPENDIX Comments on “Toward a Regenerative Waterfront: Quayside Draft Vision Document”

Goal SLGHZDON V Responses RFP Ref

Water Positive

Target Net positive water Sidewalk does not believe it will be feasible to make Quayside water positive; doing so would require on-site A2-B blackwater treatment, which is unlikely to be economical. However, Sidewalk’s plans envision a thorough approach to providing purple-pipe water to all units.

Strategy Onsite wastewater treatment of building wastewater Sidewalk would plan to incorporate a “purple-pipe” nonpotable water feed into each building’s system, which A2-B for non-potable water use—excess supply exported helps renters and apartment dwellers reuse water, dramatically reducing energy-intensive treatment needs. of-site (e.g., greywater or blackwater systems)

Rainwater harvesting and treatment for potable Sidewalk is eager to incorporate rainwater capture strategies into building and public realm design. A2-B water use—excess supply exported of-site Whether this water is treated on-site, used as nonpotable water, or treated at a central plant will depend on technological and economic feasibility.

Sewer mining of municipal collection system to While Sidewalk would be eager to explore onsite rainwater capture and treatment for potable uses, the A2-B increase non-potable water supply Ashbridges Bay Wastewater Treatment Plant could easily supply the entire Eastern Waterfront (including Quayside) with nonpotable water, which would greatly simplify the water supply system and eliminate large amounts of energy-consuming treatment equipment at the building scale.

Smart water fxtures (toilets and hot/cold faucets Sidewalk will outft all buildings with smart water fxtures to ensure best management of water usage, fagging -- feed information into the BMS) abnormal or above average activity to appropriate parties.

Submetering with connection to visualization Sidewalk will combine cloud software, sensors, and controls into a new “active stormwater management” -- dashboard system that will reduce the size and cost of future stormwater infrastructure needed in the Eastern Waterfront.

170 RFP NO. 2017-13 APPENDIX Goal SLGHZDON V Responses RFP Ref

Healthy Lifestyles

Target WELL Community—a Vanguard Pilot Project Sidewalk is eager to incorporate the WELL community standard into its site planning; Sidewalk’s approach to -- public space, active mobility, and innovative materials already incorporates many of its objectives.

WELL Building Standard Gold or Platinum Sidewalk is eager to work towards Gold or Platinum WELL Building certifcation for a proportion of the -- Certifcation for a proportion of buildings buildings on Quayside.

Site-wide Biophilia Plan (e.g., 14 patterns of Biophilia Sidewalk’s visions for the site, especially with regard to attracting people outdoors, making nature visible, and -- —for indoor and outdoor use) designing around the water aspect of the site all embrace the concepts of biophilia. Sidewalk would be pleased to work with Waterfront Toronto toward a formal biophilia plan, if it is determined to be a priority by WDWHUIURQW7RURQWR in the context of the overall project.

Strategy Biophilic design strategy Sidewalk will work with site planners and WDWHUIURQW7RURQWR on a comprehensive biophilic design strategy, -- if it is determined to be a priority of WDWHUIURQW7RURQWR in the context of the overall project.

Healthy materials strategy (also linked to Material Sidewalk has a track record of working with advanced, healthy, bio-based materials, and is eager to work A2-A Innovation Category) with WDWHUIURQW7RURQWR towards a strategy for their use.

Digital platform / app promoting activity, Sidewalk’s overall digital strategy includes capturing a variety of data and facilitating residents’ and others’ uses A1-F healthy eating, relaxation, and connection to the of that data through existing and new applications. environment

Real-time sensors and transparency in operational Sidewalk will implement a core urban data platform governed by open standards and will open a well- A1-F data designed, well-documented, and well-supported APIs to third-party developers.

Online platform/app for expressing views and being At Quayside, Sidewalk will pilot an application called Neighbourhood Assistant to facilitate social coordination A1-C heard and public feedback. This platform enables Quayside residents to form new neighbourhood groups, crowd- source community needs, and access a peer-to-peer marketplace.

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