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Chalk Shells

Limestone Coal Crude Oil

Gasoline Marble Phytoplankton Plastics Shells Chalk Plastics CH :CHCl Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 2 CaCO3 Carbonate CaCO (one of the many kinds of ) 3 Many shelled organisms make their shells by Most plastics are made from natural gas and Chalk forms when tiny shells from taking CO and calcium out of the water. Many crude oil. 2 fall to the ocean floor and build up over time. shells are tiny and are made by plankton.

® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Crude Oil Coal Crude Oil C H Benzene 6 6 C135H96O9NS CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of crude oil’s many components) 3 Crude oil forms under the ocean when soft parts Coal forms on land when dead plants get buried Over millions of years, limestone forms from the of dead marine organisms get buried with ocean with dirt and/or water, and there is no oxygen. . Over millions of years, pressure and heat shells of dead organisms (including plankton) changes them into crude oil. Crude oil is a dark Over millions of years, pressure changes them that pile up at the bottom of the ocean in areas liquid, a mixture of different hydrocarbons and other into coal. People dig into Earth to get coal. Coal where it’s not too deep. ingredients. Oil is drilled from under the ground or is a fuel and is burned to produce heat or beneath the ocean floor. It is a fossil fuel and it is used power. to make plastics and/or to burn for heat or power. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Phytoplankton Marble Gasoline Phytoplankton C6H12O6 Sugar C H Octane 6 18 (one of phytoplankton’s many components) CaCO Calcium Carbonate 3 (one of gasoline’s many components) • Phytoplankton are tiny organisms that live in water Heat and pressure from inner Earth may turn and photosynthesize. They take in CO2, making Gasoline, a liquid burned in engines to C H O (sugar) and release O . limestone into marble. 6 12 6 2 generate power, is made from crude oil after • Some phytoplankton make tiny calcium carbonate it is processed at an oil refinery. Different (CaCO3) shells. • There are more phytoplankton than almost any types of gasoline are blended from various other living thing in the ocean. (There are more hydrocarbons and other additives. viruses.) ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 ChalkZooplankton ShellsCement PlasticOcean Sediments

LimestonePlants CoalGraphite CrudeDiamond Oil

GasolineCow Gas MarbleSugars PhytoplanktonAir Ocean Ocean Sediments Zooplankton Plastic C6H12O6 Sugar CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate (one of zooplankton’s many components) (one of many components) Limestone is burned to make cement. • Many zooplankton are tiny animals that live in the ocean, Sediments When ocean organisms with shells die, their tiny rivers, and lakes. Some, such as jellyfish, are much larger. shells fall to the bottom of the ocean. Over millions • Some zooplankton make tiny calcium carbonate of years, these sediments build up and may turn (CaCO3) shells. into chalk, limestone, or crude oil, depending on • Most zooplankton feed on phytoplankton. surrounding conditions. Sediments can also be • Zooplankton are weak swimmers and drift with the made of rocks, soil, and clay. currents.

® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Diamond Graphite Plants C H O Sugar CrudeDiamond Oil C Carbon C Carbon 6 12 6 C6H10O5 Cellulose Diamonds are pure carbon, and they are the Graphite is pure carbon, and it is one of the • Plants photosynthesize; they take in CO , make hardest natural material known. They form 2 softest natural materials known. It is used in C H O (sugar), and release O . Then the plant from carbon minerals at high pressure and high 6 12 6 2 pencils. Graphite forms from carbon minerals changes some of the sugar into cellulose. temperatures deep in Earth. in Earth. • When plants die, bacteria and fungi decompose them, releasing nutrients into the soil. If plants are buried under soil and/or water, and there is no oxygen, in millions of years, pressure may change them into coal. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Air Sugars Cow Gas PhytoplanktonAir CO Carbon Dioxide 2 C12H22O11 Sucrose CH4 Methane (one of air’s many components) C6H12O6 Glucose Bacteria that live without oxygen in the guts of Air is a mixture of gases that surrounds Earth cows (and other animals) release CH (methane) in a layer called the atmosphere. Air is made of There are different types of sugar, including 4 gas as they break down food. Cows release 78.09% N (nitrogen), 20.95% O (oxygen), 0.93% fructose, glucose, and sucrose. Plants, seaweed, 2 2 and phytoplankton make C H O when they more methane through their burps than through Ar (argon), 0.039% CO2 (carbon dioxide), ~1% 6 12 6 photosynthesize. flatulence. H2O (water), and small amounts of other gases,

including CH4 (methane). ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Soil Glass Salt

Ocean Animals The Ocean Power Plants Salt Glass Soil Salt SiO NaCl Sodium Chloride SiO2 Silicon Dioxide 2 (one of soil’s many components) Salt crystals are obtained by evaporating ocean Clear glass for windows and drinking glasses is Soil is a mixture of minerals, including sand water or water from salty lakes. made by melting sand, and some sand is made (often SiO ), water, air, and organisms, both of SiO . There are other ingredients used in 2 2 living and dead. When there is plenty of oxygen different kinds of glass. around, bacteria and fungi decompose dead animals and plants, and that releases nutrients, including carbon, into the soil. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Power Plants The Ocean Ocean Animals Power Plants C H O Sugar CO Carbon Dioxide 6 12 6 2 (one of the many components of animals) Many power plants burn fossil fuels, such as (absorbed into ocean water, some of which then coal, to produce electricity that powers lights, forms H2CO3) Ocean animals range in size from microscopic heaters, and machines. zooplankton to blue whales, the largest animal The ocean absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere. Some of the CO reacts with ocean water to form ever known to have lived on Earth. Ironically, 2 the primary food source of blue whales is krill, a an acid (H2CO3), which then mixes with ocean water. Because the ocean covers most of Earth’s small shrimplike zooplankton. surface and is very deep, it holds a lot of carbon. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Chalk Shells Plastics

Limestone Coal Crude Oil

Gasoline Marble Phytoplankton Plastics Shells Chalk Plastics CH :CHCl Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 2 CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of the many kinds of plastic) 3 Many shelled organisms make their shells by Most plastics are made from natural gas and Chalk forms when tiny shells from plankton taking CO and calcium out of the water. Many crude oil. 2 fall to the ocean floor and build up over time. shells are tiny and are made by plankton.

® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Crude Oil Coal Limestone Crude Oil C H Benzene 6 6 C135H96O9NS CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of crude oil’s many components) 3 Crude oil forms under the ocean when soft parts Coal forms on land when dead plants get buried Over millions of years, limestone forms from the of dead marine organisms get buried with ocean with dirt and/or water, and there is no oxygen. sediments. Over millions of years, pressure and heat shells of dead organisms (including plankton) changes them into crude oil. Crude oil is a dark Over millions of years, pressure changes them that pile up at the bottom of the ocean in areas liquid, a mixture of different hydrocarbons and other into coal. People dig into Earth to get coal. Coal where it’s not too deep. ingredients. Oil is drilled from under the ground or is a fossil fuel and is burned to produce heat or beneath the ocean floor. It is a fossil fuel and it is used power. to make plastics and/or to burn for heat or power. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Phytoplankton Marble Gasoline Phytoplankton C6H12O6 Sugar C H Octane 6 18 (one of phytoplankton’s many components) CaCO Calcium Carbonate 3 (one of gasoline’s many components) • Phytoplankton are tiny organisms that live in water Heat and pressure from inner Earth may turn and photosynthesize. They take in CO2, making Gasoline, a liquid burned in engines to C H O (sugar) and release O . limestone into marble. 6 12 6 2 generate power, is made from crude oil after • Some phytoplankton make tiny calcium carbonate it is processed at an oil refinery. Different (CaCO3) shells. • There are more phytoplankton than almost any types of gasoline are blended from various other living thing in the ocean. (There are more hydrocarbons and other additives. viruses.) ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 ChalkZooplankton ShellsCement PlasticOcean Sediments

LimestonePlants CoalGraphite CrudeDiamond Oil

GasolineCow Gas MarbleSugars PhytoplanktonAir Ocean Ocean Sediments Cement Zooplankton Plastic C6H12O6 Sugar CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate (one of zooplankton’s many components) (one of many components) Limestone is burned to make cement. • Many zooplankton are tiny animals that live in the ocean, Sediments When ocean organisms with shells die, their tiny rivers, and lakes. Some, such as jellyfish, are much larger. shells fall to the bottom of the ocean. Over millions • Some zooplankton make tiny calcium carbonate of years, these sediments build up and may turn (CaCO3) shells. into chalk, limestone, or crude oil, depending on • Most zooplankton feed on phytoplankton. surrounding conditions. Sediments can also be • Zooplankton are weak swimmers and drift with the made of rocks, soil, and clay. currents.

® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Diamond Graphite Plants C H O Sugar CrudeDiamond Oil C Carbon C Carbon 6 12 6 C6H10O5 Cellulose Diamonds are pure carbon, and they are the Graphite is pure carbon, and it is one of the • Plants photosynthesize; they take in CO , make hardest natural material known. They form 2 softest natural materials known. It is used in C H O (sugar), and release O . Then the plant from carbon minerals at high pressure and high 6 12 6 2 pencils. Graphite forms from carbon minerals changes some of the sugar into cellulose. temperatures deep in Earth. in Earth. • When plants die, bacteria and fungi decompose them, releasing nutrients into the soil. If plants are buried under soil and/or water, and there is no oxygen, in millions of years, pressure may change them into coal. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Air Sugars Cow Gas PhytoplanktonAir CO Carbon Dioxide 2 C12H22O11 Sucrose CH4 Methane (one of air’s many components) C6H12O6 Glucose Bacteria that live without oxygen in the guts of Air is a mixture of gases that surrounds Earth cows (and other animals) release CH (methane) in a layer called the atmosphere. Air is made of There are different types of sugar, including 4 gas as they break down food. Cows release 78.09% N (nitrogen), 20.95% O (oxygen), 0.93% fructose, glucose, and sucrose. Plants, seaweed, 2 2 and phytoplankton make C H O when they more methane through their burps than through Ar (argon), 0.039% CO2 (carbon dioxide), ~1% 6 12 6 photosynthesize. flatulence. H2O (water), and small amounts of other gases,

including CH4 (methane). ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Soil Glass Salt

Ocean Animals The Ocean Power Plants Salt Glass Soil Salt SiO Silicon Dioxide NaCl Sodium Chloride SiO2 Silicon Dioxide 2 (one of soil’s many components) Salt crystals are obtained by evaporating ocean Clear glass for windows and drinking glasses is Soil is a mixture of minerals, including sand water or water from salty lakes. made by melting sand, and some sand is made (often SiO ), water, air, and organisms, both of SiO . There are other ingredients used in 2 2 living and dead. When there is plenty of oxygen different kinds of glass. around, bacteria and fungi decompose dead animals and plants, and that releases nutrients, including carbon, into the soil. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Power Plants The Ocean Ocean Animals Power Plants C H O Sugar CO Carbon Dioxide 6 12 6 2 (one of the many components of animals) Many power plants burn fossil fuels, such as (absorbed into ocean water, some of which then coal, to produce electricity that powers lights, forms H2CO3) Ocean animals range in size from microscopic heaters, and machines. zooplankton to blue whales, the largest animal The ocean absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere. Some of the CO reacts with ocean water to form ever known to have lived on Earth. Ironically, 2 the primary food source of blue whales is krill, a an acid (H2CO3), which then mixes with ocean water. Because the ocean covers most of Earth’s small shrimplike zooplankton. surface and is very deep, it holds a lot of carbon. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Chalk Shells Plastics

Limestone Coal Crude Oil

Gasoline Marble Phytoplankton Plastics Shells Chalk Plastics CH :CHCl Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 2 CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of the many kinds of plastic) 3 Many shelled organisms make their shells by Most plastics are made from natural gas and Chalk forms when tiny shells from plankton taking CO and calcium out of the water. Many crude oil. 2 fall to the ocean floor and build up over time. shells are tiny and are made by plankton.

® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Crude Oil Coal Limestone Crude Oil C H Benzene 6 6 C135H96O9NS CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of crude oil’s many components) 3 Crude oil forms under the ocean when soft parts Coal forms on land when dead plants get buried Over millions of years, limestone forms from the of dead marine organisms get buried with ocean with dirt and/or water, and there is no oxygen. sediments. Over millions of years, pressure and heat shells of dead organisms (including plankton) changes them into crude oil. Crude oil is a dark Over millions of years, pressure changes them that pile up at the bottom of the ocean in areas liquid, a mixture of different hydrocarbons and other into coal. People dig into Earth to get coal. Coal where it’s not too deep. ingredients. Oil is drilled from under the ground or is a fossil fuel and is burned to produce heat or beneath the ocean floor. It is a fossil fuel and it is used power. to make plastics and/or to burn for heat or power. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Phytoplankton Marble Gasoline Phytoplankton C6H12O6 Sugar C H Octane 6 18 (one of phytoplankton’s many components) CaCO Calcium Carbonate 3 (one of gasoline’s many components) • Phytoplankton are tiny organisms that live in water Heat and pressure from inner Earth may turn and photosynthesize. They take in CO2, making Gasoline, a liquid burned in engines to C H O (sugar) and release O . limestone into marble. 6 12 6 2 generate power, is made from crude oil after • Some phytoplankton make tiny calcium carbonate it is processed at an oil refinery. Different (CaCO3) shells. • There are more phytoplankton than almost any types of gasoline are blended from various other living thing in the ocean. (There are more hydrocarbons and other additives. viruses.) ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 ChalkZooplankton ShellsCement PlasticOcean Sediments

LimestonePlants CoalGraphite CrudeDiamond Oil

GasolineCow Gas MarbleSugars PhytoplanktonAir Ocean Ocean Sediments Cement Zooplankton Plastic C6H12O6 Sugar CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate (one of zooplankton’s many components) (one of many components) Limestone is burned to make cement. • Many zooplankton are tiny animals that live in the ocean, Sediments When ocean organisms with shells die, their tiny rivers, and lakes. Some, such as jellyfish, are much larger. shells fall to the bottom of the ocean. Over millions • Some zooplankton make tiny calcium carbonate of years, these sediments build up and may turn (CaCO3) shells. into chalk, limestone, or crude oil, depending on • Most zooplankton feed on phytoplankton. surrounding conditions. Sediments can also be • Zooplankton are weak swimmers and drift with the made of rocks, soil, and clay. currents.

® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Diamond Graphite Plants C H O Sugar CrudeDiamond Oil C Carbon C Carbon 6 12 6 C6H10O5 Cellulose Diamonds are pure carbon, and they are the Graphite is pure carbon, and it is one of the • Plants photosynthesize; they take in CO , make hardest natural material known. They form 2 softest natural materials known. It is used in C H O (sugar), and release O . Then the plant from carbon minerals at high pressure and high 6 12 6 2 pencils. Graphite forms from carbon minerals changes some of the sugar into cellulose. temperatures deep in Earth. in Earth. • When plants die, bacteria and fungi decompose them, releasing nutrients into the soil. If plants are buried under soil and/or water, and there is no oxygen, in millions of years, pressure may change them into coal. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Air Sugars Cow Gas PhytoplanktonAir CO Carbon Dioxide 2 C12H22O11 Sucrose CH4 Methane (one of air’s many components) C6H12O6 Glucose Bacteria that live without oxygen in the guts of Air is a mixture of gases that surrounds Earth cows (and other animals) release CH (methane) in a layer called the atmosphere. Air is made of There are different types of sugar, including 4 gas as they break down food. Cows release 78.09% N (nitrogen), 20.95% O (oxygen), 0.93% fructose, glucose, and sucrose. Plants, seaweed, 2 2 and phytoplankton make C H O when they more methane through their burps than through Ar (argon), 0.039% CO2 (carbon dioxide), ~1% 6 12 6 photosynthesize. flatulence. H2O (water), and small amounts of other gases,

including CH4 (methane). ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Soil Glass Salt

Ocean Animals The Ocean Power Plants Salt Glass Soil Salt SiO Silicon Dioxide NaCl Sodium Chloride SiO2 Silicon Dioxide 2 (one of soil’s many components) Salt crystals are obtained by evaporating ocean Clear glass for windows and drinking glasses is Soil is a mixture of minerals, including sand water or water from salty lakes. made by melting sand, and some sand is made (often SiO ), water, air, and organisms, both of SiO . There are other ingredients used in 2 2 living and dead. When there is plenty of oxygen different kinds of glass. around, bacteria and fungi decompose dead animals and plants, and that releases nutrients, including carbon, into the soil. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Power Plants The Ocean Ocean Animals Power Plants C H O Sugar CO Carbon Dioxide 6 12 6 2 (one of the many components of animals) Many power plants burn fossil fuels, such as (absorbed into ocean water, some of which then coal, to produce electricity that powers lights, forms H2CO3) Ocean animals range in size from microscopic heaters, and machines. zooplankton to blue whales, the largest animal The ocean absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere. Some of the CO reacts with ocean water to form ever known to have lived on Earth. Ironically, 2 the primary food source of blue whales is krill, a an acid (H2CO3), which then mixes with ocean water. Because the ocean covers most of Earth’s small shrimplike zooplankton. surface and is very deep, it holds a lot of carbon. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Chalk Shells Plastics

Limestone Coal Crude Oil

Gasoline Marble Phytoplankton Plastics Shells Chalk Plastics CH :CHCl Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 2 CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of the many kinds of plastic) 3 Many shelled organisms make their shells by Most plastics are made from natural gas and Chalk forms when tiny shells from plankton taking CO and calcium out of the water. Many crude oil. 2 fall to the ocean floor and build up over time. shells are tiny and are made by plankton.

® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Crude Oil Coal Limestone Crude Oil C H Benzene 6 6 C135H96O9NS CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of crude oil’s many components) 3 Crude oil forms under the ocean when soft parts Coal forms on land when dead plants get buried Over millions of years, limestone forms from the of dead marine organisms get buried with ocean with dirt and/or water, and there is no oxygen. sediments. Over millions of years, pressure and heat shells of dead organisms (including plankton) changes them into crude oil. Crude oil is a dark Over millions of years, pressure changes them that pile up at the bottom of the ocean in areas liquid, a mixture of different hydrocarbons and other into coal. People dig into Earth to get coal. Coal where it’s not too deep. ingredients. Oil is drilled from under the ground or is a fossil fuel and is burned to produce heat or beneath the ocean floor. It is a fossil fuel and it is used power. to make plastics and/or to burn for heat or power. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Phytoplankton Marble Gasoline Phytoplankton C6H12O6 Sugar C H Octane 6 18 (one of phytoplankton’s many components) CaCO Calcium Carbonate 3 (one of gasoline’s many components) • Phytoplankton are tiny organisms that live in water Heat and pressure from inner Earth may turn and photosynthesize. They take in CO2, making Gasoline, a liquid burned in engines to C H O (sugar) and release O . limestone into marble. 6 12 6 2 generate power, is made from crude oil after • Some phytoplankton make tiny calcium carbonate it is processed at an oil refinery. Different (CaCO3) shells. • There are more phytoplankton than almost any types of gasoline are blended from various other living thing in the ocean. (There are more hydrocarbons and other additives. viruses.) ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 ChalkZooplankton ShellsCement PlasticOcean Sediments

LimestonePlants CoalGraphite CrudeDiamond Oil

GasolineCow Gas MarbleSugars PhytoplanktonAir Ocean Ocean Sediments Cement Zooplankton Plastic C6H12O6 Sugar CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate (one of zooplankton’s many components) (one of many components) Limestone is burned to make cement. • Many zooplankton are tiny animals that live in the ocean, Sediments When ocean organisms with shells die, their tiny rivers, and lakes. Some, such as jellyfish, are much larger. shells fall to the bottom of the ocean. Over millions • Some zooplankton make tiny calcium carbonate of years, these sediments build up and may turn (CaCO3) shells. into chalk, limestone, or crude oil, depending on • Most zooplankton feed on phytoplankton. surrounding conditions. Sediments can also be • Zooplankton are weak swimmers and drift with the made of rocks, soil, and clay. currents.

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Diamond Graphite Plants C H O Sugar CrudeDiamond Oil C Carbon C Carbon 6 12 6 C6H10O5 Cellulose Diamonds are pure carbon, and they are the Graphite is pure carbon, and it is one of the • Plants photosynthesize; they take in CO , make hardest natural material known. They form 2 softest natural materials known. It is used in C H O (sugar), and release O . Then the plant from carbon minerals at high pressure and high 6 12 6 2 pencils. Graphite forms from carbon minerals changes some of the sugar into cellulose. temperatures deep in Earth. in Earth. • When plants die, bacteria and fungi decompose them, releasing nutrients into the soil. If plants are buried under soil and/or water, and there is no oxygen, in millions of years, pressure may change them into coal. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Air Sugars Cow Gas PhytoplanktonAir CO Carbon Dioxide 2 C12H22O11 Sucrose CH4 Methane (one of air’s many components) C6H12O6 Glucose Bacteria that live without oxygen in the guts of Air is a mixture of gases that surrounds Earth cows (and other animals) release CH (methane) in a layer called the atmosphere. Air is made of There are different types of sugar, including 4 gas as they break down food. Cows release 78.09% N (nitrogen), 20.95% O (oxygen), 0.93% fructose, glucose, and sucrose. Plants, seaweed, 2 2 and phytoplankton make C H O when they more methane through their burps than through Ar (argon), 0.039% CO2 (carbon dioxide), ~1% 6 12 6 photosynthesize. flatulence. H2O (water), and small amounts of other gases,

including CH4 (methane). ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Soil Glass Salt

Ocean Animals The Ocean Power Plants Salt Glass Soil Salt SiO Silicon Dioxide NaCl Sodium Chloride SiO2 Silicon Dioxide 2 (one of soil’s many components) Salt crystals are obtained by evaporating ocean Clear glass for windows and drinking glasses is Soil is a mixture of minerals, including sand water or water from salty lakes. made by melting sand, and some sand is made (often SiO ), water, air, and organisms, both of SiO . There are other ingredients used in 2 2 living and dead. When there is plenty of oxygen different kinds of glass. around, bacteria and fungi decompose dead animals and plants, and that releases nutrients, including carbon, into the soil. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Power Plants The Ocean Ocean Animals Power Plants C H O Sugar CO Carbon Dioxide 6 12 6 2 (one of the many components of animals) Many power plants burn fossil fuels, such as (absorbed into ocean water, some of which then coal, to produce electricity that powers lights, forms H2CO3) Ocean animals range in size from microscopic heaters, and machines. zooplankton to blue whales, the largest animal The ocean absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere. Some of the CO reacts with ocean water to form ever known to have lived on Earth. Ironically, 2 the primary food source of blue whales is krill, a an acid (H2CO3), which then mixes with ocean water. Because the ocean covers most of Earth’s small shrimplike zooplankton. surface and is very deep, it holds a lot of carbon. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Chalk Shells Plastics

Limestone Coal Crude Oil

Gasoline Marble Phytoplankton Plastics Shells Chalk Plastics CH :CHCl Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 2 CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of the many kinds of plastic) 3 Many shelled organisms make their shells by Most plastics are made from natural gas and Chalk forms when tiny shells from plankton taking CO and calcium out of the water. Many crude oil. 2 fall to the ocean floor and build up over time. shells are tiny and are made by plankton.

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Crude Oil Coal Limestone Crude Oil C H Benzene 6 6 C135H96O9NS CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of crude oil’s many components) 3 Crude oil forms under the ocean when soft parts Coal forms on land when dead plants get buried Over millions of years, limestone forms from the of dead marine organisms get buried with ocean with dirt and/or water, and there is no oxygen. sediments. Over millions of years, pressure and heat shells of dead organisms (including plankton) changes them into crude oil. Crude oil is a dark Over millions of years, pressure changes them that pile up at the bottom of the ocean in areas liquid, a mixture of different hydrocarbons and other into coal. People dig into Earth to get coal. Coal where it’s not too deep. ingredients. Oil is drilled from under the ground or is a fossil fuel and is burned to produce heat or beneath the ocean floor. It is a fossil fuel and it is used power. to make plastics and/or to burn for heat or power. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Phytoplankton Marble Gasoline Phytoplankton C6H12O6 Sugar C H Octane 6 18 (one of phytoplankton’s many components) CaCO Calcium Carbonate 3 (one of gasoline’s many components) • Phytoplankton are tiny organisms that live in water Heat and pressure from inner Earth may turn and photosynthesize. They take in CO2, making Gasoline, a liquid burned in engines to C H O (sugar) and release O . limestone into marble. 6 12 6 2 generate power, is made from crude oil after • Some phytoplankton make tiny calcium carbonate it is processed at an oil refinery. Different (CaCO3) shells. • There are more phytoplankton than almost any types of gasoline are blended from various other living thing in the ocean. (There are more hydrocarbons and other additives. viruses.) ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 ChalkZooplankton ShellsCement PlasticOcean Sediments

LimestonePlants CoalGraphite CrudeDiamond Oil

GasolineCow Gas MarbleSugars PhytoplanktonAir Ocean Ocean Sediments Cement Zooplankton Plastic C6H12O6 Sugar CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate (one of zooplankton’s many components) (one of many components) Limestone is burned to make cement. • Many zooplankton are tiny animals that live in the ocean, Sediments When ocean organisms with shells die, their tiny rivers, and lakes. Some, such as jellyfish, are much larger. shells fall to the bottom of the ocean. Over millions • Some zooplankton make tiny calcium carbonate of years, these sediments build up and may turn (CaCO3) shells. into chalk, limestone, or crude oil, depending on • Most zooplankton feed on phytoplankton. surrounding conditions. Sediments can also be • Zooplankton are weak swimmers and drift with the made of rocks, soil, and clay. currents.

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Diamond Graphite Plants C H O Sugar CrudeDiamond Oil C Carbon C Carbon 6 12 6 C6H10O5 Cellulose Diamonds are pure carbon, and they are the Graphite is pure carbon, and it is one of the • Plants photosynthesize; they take in CO , make hardest natural material known. They form 2 softest natural materials known. It is used in C H O (sugar), and release O . Then the plant from carbon minerals at high pressure and high 6 12 6 2 pencils. Graphite forms from carbon minerals changes some of the sugar into cellulose. temperatures deep in Earth. in Earth. • When plants die, bacteria and fungi decompose them, releasing nutrients into the soil. If plants are buried under soil and/or water, and there is no oxygen, in millions of years, pressure may change them into coal. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Air Sugars Cow Gas PhytoplanktonAir CO Carbon Dioxide 2 C12H22O11 Sucrose CH4 Methane (one of air’s many components) C6H12O6 Glucose Bacteria that live without oxygen in the guts of Air is a mixture of gases that surrounds Earth cows (and other animals) release CH (methane) in a layer called the atmosphere. Air is made of There are different types of sugar, including 4 gas as they break down food. Cows release 78.09% N (nitrogen), 20.95% O (oxygen), 0.93% fructose, glucose, and sucrose. Plants, seaweed, 2 2 and phytoplankton make C H O when they more methane through their burps than through Ar (argon), 0.039% CO2 (carbon dioxide), ~1% 6 12 6 photosynthesize. flatulence. H2O (water), and small amounts of other gases,

including CH4 (methane). ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Soil Glass Salt

Ocean Animals The Ocean Power Plants Salt Glass Soil Salt SiO Silicon Dioxide NaCl Sodium Chloride SiO2 Silicon Dioxide 2 (one of soil’s many components) Salt crystals are obtained by evaporating ocean Clear glass for windows and drinking glasses is Soil is a mixture of minerals, including sand water or water from salty lakes. made by melting sand, and some sand is made (often SiO ), water, air, and organisms, both of SiO . There are other ingredients used in 2 2 living and dead. When there is plenty of oxygen different kinds of glass. around, bacteria and fungi decompose dead animals and plants, and that releases nutrients, including carbon, into the soil. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Power Plants The Ocean Ocean Animals Power Plants C H O Sugar CO Carbon Dioxide 6 12 6 2 (one of the many components of animals) Many power plants burn fossil fuels, such as (absorbed into ocean water, some of which then coal, to produce electricity that powers lights, forms H2CO3) Ocean animals range in size from microscopic heaters, and machines. zooplankton to blue whales, the largest animal The ocean absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere. Some of the CO reacts with ocean water to form ever known to have lived on Earth. Ironically, 2 the primary food source of blue whales is krill, a an acid (H2CO3), which then mixes with ocean water. Because the ocean covers most of Earth’s small shrimplike zooplankton. surface and is very deep, it holds a lot of carbon. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Chalk Shells Plastics

Limestone Coal Crude Oil

Gasoline Marble Phytoplankton Plastics Shells Chalk Plastics CH :CHCl Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 2 CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of the many kinds of plastic) 3 Many shelled organisms make their shells by Most plastics are made from natural gas and Chalk forms when tiny shells from plankton taking CO and calcium out of the water. Many crude oil. 2 fall to the ocean floor and build up over time. shells are tiny and are made by plankton.

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Crude Oil Coal Limestone Crude Oil C H Benzene 6 6 C135H96O9NS CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of crude oil’s many components) 3 Crude oil forms under the ocean when soft parts Coal forms on land when dead plants get buried Over millions of years, limestone forms from the of dead marine organisms get buried with ocean with dirt and/or water, and there is no oxygen. sediments. Over millions of years, pressure and heat shells of dead organisms (including plankton) changes them into crude oil. Crude oil is a dark Over millions of years, pressure changes them that pile up at the bottom of the ocean in areas liquid, a mixture of different hydrocarbons and other into coal. People dig into Earth to get coal. Coal where it’s not too deep. ingredients. Oil is drilled from under the ground or is a fossil fuel and is burned to produce heat or beneath the ocean floor. It is a fossil fuel and it is used power. to make plastics and/or to burn for heat or power. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Phytoplankton Marble Gasoline Phytoplankton C6H12O6 Sugar C H Octane 6 18 (one of phytoplankton’s many components) CaCO Calcium Carbonate 3 (one of gasoline’s many components) • Phytoplankton are tiny organisms that live in water Heat and pressure from inner Earth may turn and photosynthesize. They take in CO2, making Gasoline, a liquid burned in engines to C H O (sugar) and release O . limestone into marble. 6 12 6 2 generate power, is made from crude oil after • Some phytoplankton make tiny calcium carbonate it is processed at an oil refinery. Different (CaCO3) shells. • There are more phytoplankton than almost any types of gasoline are blended from various other living thing in the ocean. (There are more hydrocarbons and other additives. viruses.) ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 ChalkZooplankton ShellsCement PlasticOcean Sediments

LimestonePlants CoalGraphite CrudeDiamond Oil

GasolineCow Gas MarbleSugars PhytoplanktonAir Ocean Ocean Sediments Cement Zooplankton Plastic C6H12O6 Sugar CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate (one of zooplankton’s many components) (one of many components) Limestone is burned to make cement. • Many zooplankton are tiny animals that live in the ocean, Sediments When ocean organisms with shells die, their tiny rivers, and lakes. Some, such as jellyfish, are much larger. shells fall to the bottom of the ocean. Over millions • Some zooplankton make tiny calcium carbonate of years, these sediments build up and may turn (CaCO3) shells. into chalk, limestone, or crude oil, depending on • Most zooplankton feed on phytoplankton. surrounding conditions. Sediments can also be • Zooplankton are weak swimmers and drift with the made of rocks, soil, and clay. currents.

® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Diamond Graphite Plants C H O Sugar CrudeDiamond Oil C Carbon C Carbon 6 12 6 C6H10O5 Cellulose Diamonds are pure carbon, and they are the Graphite is pure carbon, and it is one of the • Plants photosynthesize; they take in CO , make hardest natural material known. They form 2 softest natural materials known. It is used in C H O (sugar), and release O . Then the plant from carbon minerals at high pressure and high 6 12 6 2 pencils. Graphite forms from carbon minerals changes some of the sugar into cellulose. temperatures deep in Earth. in Earth. • When plants die, bacteria and fungi decompose them, releasing nutrients into the soil. If plants are buried under soil and/or water, and there is no oxygen, in millions of years, pressure may change them into coal. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Air Sugars Cow Gas PhytoplanktonAir CO Carbon Dioxide 2 C12H22O11 Sucrose CH4 Methane (one of air’s many components) C6H12O6 Glucose Bacteria that live without oxygen in the guts of Air is a mixture of gases that surrounds Earth cows (and other animals) release CH (methane) in a layer called the atmosphere. Air is made of There are different types of sugar, including 4 gas as they break down food. Cows release 78.09% N (nitrogen), 20.95% O (oxygen), 0.93% fructose, glucose, and sucrose. Plants, seaweed, 2 2 and phytoplankton make C H O when they more methane through their burps than through Ar (argon), 0.039% CO2 (carbon dioxide), ~1% 6 12 6 photosynthesize. flatulence. H2O (water), and small amounts of other gases,

including CH4 (methane). ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Soil Glass Salt

Ocean Animals The Ocean Power Plants Salt Glass Soil Salt SiO Silicon Dioxide NaCl Sodium Chloride SiO2 Silicon Dioxide 2 (one of soil’s many components) Salt crystals are obtained by evaporating ocean Clear glass for windows and drinking glasses is Soil is a mixture of minerals, including sand water or water from salty lakes. made by melting sand, and some sand is made (often SiO ), water, air, and organisms, both of SiO . There are other ingredients used in 2 2 living and dead. When there is plenty of oxygen different kinds of glass. around, bacteria and fungi decompose dead animals and plants, and that releases nutrients, including carbon, into the soil. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Power Plants The Ocean Ocean Animals Power Plants C H O Sugar CO Carbon Dioxide 6 12 6 2 (one of the many components of animals) Many power plants burn fossil fuels, such as (absorbed into ocean water, some of which then coal, to produce electricity that powers lights, forms H2CO3) Ocean animals range in size from microscopic heaters, and machines. zooplankton to blue whales, the largest animal The ocean absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere. Some of the CO reacts with ocean water to form ever known to have lived on Earth. Ironically, 2 the primary food source of blue whales is krill, a an acid (H2CO3), which then mixes with ocean water. Because the ocean covers most of Earth’s small shrimplike zooplankton. surface and is very deep, it holds a lot of carbon. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Chalk Shells Plastics

Limestone Coal Crude Oil

Gasoline Marble Phytoplankton Plastics Shells Chalk Plastics CH :CHCl Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 2 CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of the many kinds of plastic) 3 Many shelled organisms make their shells by Most plastics are made from natural gas and Chalk forms when tiny shells from plankton taking CO and calcium out of the water. Many crude oil. 2 fall to the ocean floor and build up over time. shells are tiny and are made by plankton.

® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Crude Oil Coal Limestone Crude Oil C H Benzene 6 6 C135H96O9NS CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of crude oil’s many components) 3 Crude oil forms under the ocean when soft parts Coal forms on land when dead plants get buried Over millions of years, limestone forms from the of dead marine organisms get buried with ocean with dirt and/or water, and there is no oxygen. sediments. Over millions of years, pressure and heat shells of dead organisms (including plankton) changes them into crude oil. Crude oil is a dark Over millions of years, pressure changes them that pile up at the bottom of the ocean in areas liquid, a mixture of different hydrocarbons and other into coal. People dig into Earth to get coal. Coal where it’s not too deep. ingredients. Oil is drilled from under the ground or is a fossil fuel and is burned to produce heat or beneath the ocean floor. It is a fossil fuel and it is used power. to make plastics and/or to burn for heat or power. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Phytoplankton Marble Gasoline Phytoplankton C6H12O6 Sugar C H Octane 6 18 (one of phytoplankton’s many components) CaCO Calcium Carbonate 3 (one of gasoline’s many components) • Phytoplankton are tiny organisms that live in water Heat and pressure from inner Earth may turn and photosynthesize. They take in CO2, making Gasoline, a liquid burned in engines to C H O (sugar) and release O . limestone into marble. 6 12 6 2 generate power, is made from crude oil after • Some phytoplankton make tiny calcium carbonate it is processed at an oil refinery. Different (CaCO3) shells. • There are more phytoplankton than almost any types of gasoline are blended from various other living thing in the ocean. (There are more hydrocarbons and other additives. viruses.) ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 ChalkZooplankton ShellsCement PlasticOcean Sediments

LimestonePlants CoalGraphite CrudeDiamond Oil

GasolineCow Gas MarbleSugars PhytoplanktonAir Ocean Ocean Sediments Cement Zooplankton Plastic C6H12O6 Sugar CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate (one of zooplankton’s many components) (one of many components) Limestone is burned to make cement. • Many zooplankton are tiny animals that live in the ocean, Sediments When ocean organisms with shells die, their tiny rivers, and lakes. Some, such as jellyfish, are much larger. shells fall to the bottom of the ocean. Over millions • Some zooplankton make tiny calcium carbonate of years, these sediments build up and may turn (CaCO3) shells. into chalk, limestone, or crude oil, depending on • Most zooplankton feed on phytoplankton. surrounding conditions. Sediments can also be • Zooplankton are weak swimmers and drift with the made of rocks, soil, and clay. currents.

® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Diamond Graphite Plants C H O Sugar CrudeDiamond Oil C Carbon C Carbon 6 12 6 C6H10O5 Cellulose Diamonds are pure carbon, and they are the Graphite is pure carbon, and it is one of the • Plants photosynthesize; they take in CO , make hardest natural material known. They form 2 softest natural materials known. It is used in C H O (sugar), and release O . Then the plant from carbon minerals at high pressure and high 6 12 6 2 pencils. Graphite forms from carbon minerals changes some of the sugar into cellulose. temperatures deep in Earth. in Earth. • When plants die, bacteria and fungi decompose them, releasing nutrients into the soil. If plants are buried under soil and/or water, and there is no oxygen, in millions of years, pressure may change them into coal. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Air Sugars Cow Gas PhytoplanktonAir CO Carbon Dioxide 2 C12H22O11 Sucrose CH4 Methane (one of air’s many components) C6H12O6 Glucose Bacteria that live without oxygen in the guts of Air is a mixture of gases that surrounds Earth cows (and other animals) release CH (methane) in a layer called the atmosphere. Air is made of There are different types of sugar, including 4 gas as they break down food. Cows release 78.09% N (nitrogen), 20.95% O (oxygen), 0.93% fructose, glucose, and sucrose. Plants, seaweed, 2 2 and phytoplankton make C H O when they more methane through their burps than through Ar (argon), 0.039% CO2 (carbon dioxide), ~1% 6 12 6 photosynthesize. flatulence. H2O (water), and small amounts of other gases,

including CH4 (methane). ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Soil Glass Salt

Ocean Animals The Ocean Power Plants Salt Glass Soil Salt SiO Silicon Dioxide NaCl Sodium Chloride SiO2 Silicon Dioxide 2 (one of soil’s many components) Salt crystals are obtained by evaporating ocean Clear glass for windows and drinking glasses is Soil is a mixture of minerals, including sand water or water from salty lakes. made by melting sand, and some sand is made (often SiO ), water, air, and organisms, both of SiO . There are other ingredients used in 2 2 living and dead. When there is plenty of oxygen different kinds of glass. around, bacteria and fungi decompose dead animals and plants, and that releases nutrients, including carbon, into the soil. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Power Plants The Ocean Ocean Animals Power Plants C H O Sugar CO Carbon Dioxide 6 12 6 2 (one of the many components of animals) Many power plants burn fossil fuels, such as (absorbed into ocean water, some of which then coal, to produce electricity that powers lights, forms H2CO3) Ocean animals range in size from microscopic heaters, and machines. zooplankton to blue whales, the largest animal The ocean absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere. Some of the CO reacts with ocean water to form ever known to have lived on Earth. Ironically, 2 the primary food source of blue whales is krill, a an acid (H2CO3), which then mixes with ocean water. Because the ocean covers most of Earth’s small shrimplike zooplankton. surface and is very deep, it holds a lot of carbon. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Chalk Shells Plastics

Limestone Coal Crude Oil

Gasoline Marble Phytoplankton Plastics Shells Chalk Plastics CH :CHCl Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 2 CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of the many kinds of plastic) 3 Many shelled organisms make their shells by Most plastics are made from natural gas and Chalk forms when tiny shells from plankton taking CO and calcium out of the water. Many crude oil. 2 fall to the ocean floor and build up over time. shells are tiny and are made by plankton.

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Crude Oil Coal Limestone Crude Oil C H Benzene 6 6 C135H96O9NS CaCO Calcium Carbonate (one of crude oil’s many components) 3 Crude oil forms under the ocean when soft parts Coal forms on land when dead plants get buried Over millions of years, limestone forms from the of dead marine organisms get buried with ocean with dirt and/or water, and there is no oxygen. sediments. Over millions of years, pressure and heat shells of dead organisms (including plankton) changes them into crude oil. Crude oil is a dark Over millions of years, pressure changes them that pile up at the bottom of the ocean in areas liquid, a mixture of different hydrocarbons and other into coal. People dig into Earth to get coal. Coal where it’s not too deep. ingredients. Oil is drilled from under the ground or is a fossil fuel and is burned to produce heat or beneath the ocean floor. It is a fossil fuel and it is used power. to make plastics and/or to burn for heat or power. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Phytoplankton Marble Gasoline Phytoplankton C6H12O6 Sugar C H Octane 6 18 (one of phytoplankton’s many components) CaCO Calcium Carbonate 3 (one of gasoline’s many components) • Phytoplankton are tiny organisms that live in water Heat and pressure from inner Earth may turn and photosynthesize. They take in CO2, making Gasoline, a liquid burned in engines to C H O (sugar) and release O . limestone into marble. 6 12 6 2 generate power, is made from crude oil after • Some phytoplankton make tiny calcium carbonate it is processed at an oil refinery. Different (CaCO3) shells. • There are more phytoplankton than almost any types of gasoline are blended from various other living thing in the ocean. (There are more hydrocarbons and other additives. viruses.) ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 ChalkZooplankton ShellsCement PlasticOcean Sediments

LimestonePlants CoalGraphite CrudeDiamond Oil

GasolineCow Gas MarbleSugars PhytoplanktonAir Ocean Ocean Sediments Cement Zooplankton Plastic C6H12O6 Sugar CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate (one of zooplankton’s many components) (one of many components) Limestone is burned to make cement. • Many zooplankton are tiny animals that live in the ocean, Sediments When ocean organisms with shells die, their tiny rivers, and lakes. Some, such as jellyfish, are much larger. shells fall to the bottom of the ocean. Over millions • Some zooplankton make tiny calcium carbonate of years, these sediments build up and may turn (CaCO3) shells. into chalk, limestone, or crude oil, depending on • Most zooplankton feed on phytoplankton. surrounding conditions. Sediments can also be • Zooplankton are weak swimmers and drift with the made of rocks, soil, and clay. currents.

® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Diamond Graphite Plants C H O Sugar CrudeDiamond Oil C Carbon C Carbon 6 12 6 C6H10O5 Cellulose Diamonds are pure carbon, and they are the Graphite is pure carbon, and it is one of the • Plants photosynthesize; they take in CO , make hardest natural material known. They form 2 softest natural materials known. It is used in C H O (sugar), and release O . Then the plant from carbon minerals at high pressure and high 6 12 6 2 pencils. Graphite forms from carbon minerals changes some of the sugar into cellulose. temperatures deep in Earth. in Earth. • When plants die, bacteria and fungi decompose them, releasing nutrients into the soil. If plants are buried under soil and/or water, and there is no oxygen, in millions of years, pressure may change them into coal. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Air Sugars Cow Gas PhytoplanktonAir CO Carbon Dioxide 2 C12H22O11 Sucrose CH4 Methane (one of air’s many components) C6H12O6 Glucose Bacteria that live without oxygen in the guts of Air is a mixture of gases that surrounds Earth cows (and other animals) release CH (methane) in a layer called the atmosphere. Air is made of There are different types of sugar, including 4 gas as they break down food. Cows release 78.09% N (nitrogen), 20.95% O (oxygen), 0.93% fructose, glucose, and sucrose. Plants, seaweed, 2 2 and phytoplankton make C H O when they more methane through their burps than through Ar (argon), 0.039% CO2 (carbon dioxide), ~1% 6 12 6 photosynthesize. flatulence. H2O (water), and small amounts of other gases,

including CH4 (methane). ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Soil Glass Salt

Ocean Animals The Ocean Power Plants Salt Glass Soil Salt SiO Silicon Dioxide NaCl Sodium Chloride SiO2 Silicon Dioxide 2 (one of soil’s many components) Salt crystals are obtained by evaporating ocean Clear glass for windows and drinking glasses is Soil is a mixture of minerals, including sand water or water from salty lakes. made by melting sand, and some sand is made (often SiO ), water, air, and organisms, both of SiO . There are other ingredients used in 2 2 living and dead. When there is plenty of oxygen different kinds of glass. around, bacteria and fungi decompose dead animals and plants, and that releases nutrients, including carbon, into the soil. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6

Power Plants The Ocean Ocean Animals Power Plants C H O Sugar CO Carbon Dioxide 6 12 6 2 (one of the many components of animals) Many power plants burn fossil fuels, such as (absorbed into ocean water, some of which then coal, to produce electricity that powers lights, forms H2CO3) Ocean animals range in size from microscopic heaters, and machines. zooplankton to blue whales, the largest animal The ocean absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere. Some of the CO reacts with ocean water to form ever known to have lived on Earth. Ironically, 2 the primary food source of blue whales is krill, a an acid (H2CO3), which then mixes with ocean water. Because the ocean covers most of Earth’s small shrimplike zooplankton. surface and is very deep, it holds a lot of carbon. ® ® ® www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com www.carolinacurriculum.com ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California ©2014 The Regents of the University of California Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6 Carbon Cards—Ocean Sciences Sequence 2.1–2.2, 2.6