Stonehenge Environmental Improvements Project

STONEHENGE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT

Archaeology and the Historic Environment Baseline Assessment

Prepared for: English Heritage Properties and Outreach Group 29 Queen Square BRISTOL BS1 4ND

by Wessex Archaeology Portway House Old Sarum Park SALISBURY Wiltshire SP4 6EB

Report reference: 71650.01

X:\PROJECTS\71650\ES\Appendices\App_A5.1_Text_Revised(2)_180909.Doc

September 2009

Stonehenge Environmental Improvements Project: Archaeological Baseline Assessment

STONEHENGE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT Archaeology and the Historic Environment Baseline Assessment

Contents 1 INTRODUCTION...... 1 1.1 Project background ...... 1 1.2 Purpose of this document ...... 1 1.3 The Study Area: location and geology ...... 1 2 METHODOLOGY...... 2 2.1 Aims and scope...... 2 2.2 Sources ...... 2 2.3 Chronology ...... 4 2.4 Terminology...... 4 2.5 Best practice...... 4 2.6 Assumptions and limitations...... 4 3 BASELINE RESOURCE...... 5 3.1 Introduction...... 5 3.2 Statutory and other heritage designations ...... 5 3.3 Archaeological and historical development...... 10 3.4 Built heritage ...... 16 3.5 Historic landscape character...... 16 3.6 Cultural heritage...... 17 3.7 Previous studies...... 17 4 MONUMENT GROUPS AND OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE ...... 21 4.1 Introduction...... 21 4.2 Stonehenge and the Avenue...... 22 4.3 Stonehenge Barrow Group ...... 22 4.4 The Cursus...... 22 4.5 Normanton Down Group ...... 23 4.6 The Cursus Barrows...... 23 4.7 The King Barrows...... 23 4.8 Coneybury Henge ...... 24 4.9 Durrington Down Group ...... 24 4.10 Lesser Cursus and associated barrows...... 24 4.11 Winterbourne Stoke Group ...... 25 5 SUMMARY...... 26 5.1 Baseline resource...... 26 5.2 Monument groups and Outstanding Universal Value ...... 26 5.3 Potential impacts...... 27 6 REFERENCES...... 29 6.1 Bibliography...... 29 6.2 Cartographic sources ...... 30 6.3 Online resources ...... 30 APPENDIX 1: GAZETTEER OF SITES...... 31

Figure 1 The Study Area and key monument groups Figure 2 and 2a-d Scheduled Monuments and recorded sites within the Study Area Figure 3 Previous excavations in the car park showing features located Figure 4 Geophysics results at Airman’s Corner Figure 5 Extract from Andrews and Dury’s map of Wiltshire (1773) Figure 6 First edition Ordnance Survey (c. 1887) Figure 7 1926 Ordnance Survey

ii WA Project No. 71650 Stonehenge Environmental Improvements Project: Archaeological Baseline Assessment

STONEHENGE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT Archaeology and the Historic Environment Baseline Assessment

Summary

The Stonehenge Environmental Improvements Project has been developed by English Heritage to deliver an improved landscape setting for Stonehenge; a new, sensitively designed and environmentally sustainable Stonehenge visitor centre; and better interpretation of the Stones and the Stonehenge WHS, through development of a proposed New Visitor Centre site and associated access facilities and highways improvements. The Project comprises the following principal proposals:

• Construction of New Visitor Facilities, including car and coach parking at Airman’s Corner and provision of a Visitor Transit System utilising the current A344 road; • Construction of a New Roundabout junction at Airman’s Corner, with realignment of the B3086 to its original (pre-1964) route where it joins the junction; • Decommissioning and removal of the Existing Visitor Facilities and car park leaving only a minimal Operations Facility and emergency toilets; • Decommissioning and removal of the A344 between Byway 12 and Stonehenge Bottom; • Reconfiguration of the A303(T)/A344 junction; • Improvements to the existing Longbarrow Roundabout A303(T)/A360 junction.

This report presents an assessment of the existing (baseline) conditions in respect of archaeology and the historic environment, to inform an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of the Project proposals. Baseline data has been collated for a Study Area extending from King Barrow Ridge in the east to Shrewton in the west and from Lake Down in the south, north as far as Robin Hood’s Ball (SW corner NGR 407074, 139300, NE corner NGR 413969, 145999). The whole of the Study Area is identified as an Area of Special Archaeological Significance within the Salisbury District Local Plan.

Just under half of the Study Area lies within the Stonehenge World Heritage Site (WHS). The Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites WHS was inscribed onto the World Heritage List in 1986 and a Statement of Significance setting out the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the WHS was agreed by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in July 2008. The revised Management Plan for the Stonehenge WHS (January 2009) identifies a series of seven attributes, which contribute to the OUV of the WHS:

• Stonehenge itself as a globally famous and iconic monument; • The physical remains of the Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial monuments and associated sites; • The siting of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial sites and monuments in relation to the landscape; • The design of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial sites and monuments in relation to the skies and astronomy; • The siting of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial sites and monuments in relation to each other; • The disposition, physical remains and settings of the key Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary, ceremonial and other monuments and sites of the period, which together form a landscape without parallel; and

iii WA Project No. 71650 Stonehenge Environmental Improvements Project: Archaeological Baseline Assessment

• The influence of the remains of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial monuments and their landscape settings on architects, artists, historians, archaeologists and others.

There are 176 Scheduled Monuments within the Study Area, comprising 413 individual monuments. Of these, 144 (337 individual monuments) lie within the WHS. The majority of these relate to prehistoric ritual and funerary practices. The remaining 32 Scheduled Monuments (76 individual monuments) lie outside of the WHS. A number of key monument groups may be identified which express attributes of OUV. Of these, the Scheme has the potential to impact the following; other key monument groups have no intervisibility with the Scheme and would not be affected:

• Stonehenge and the Stonehenge Avenue; • The Stonehenge barrow group; • The Cursus; • Normanton Down barrow group; • The Cursus barrows; • The King Barrows; • Coneybury henge; • The Durrington Down barrow groups; • The Lesser Cursus and associated barrows; and • The Winterbourne Stoke barrow group and barrows to the north of this.

The proposals have the potential to affect archaeological and historic environment resources within and beyond the WHS boundary, including upstanding monuments and buried remains of all periods, both scheduled and unscheduled. These include prehistoric funerary monuments, settlements and field systems forming part of an extensive and rich archaeological landscape. Potential adverse effects include direct (primary) and/or indirect (secondary) impacts resulting in the physical loss of part or all of an asset, and/or changes to its setting. Beneficial effects, both direct and indirect, could arise from the removal of existing intrusive elements, such as the current visitors’ car park at Stonehenge, the A344 past Stonehenge, and the reconfiguration of the junction at Longbarrow Crossroads.

Construction activities could result in damage to buried archaeological remains. Impacts on the settings of upstanding monuments and key monument groups of OUV due to visual and noise intrusion during construction may be temporary, due to construction activities and/or construction traffic movements; or permanent, due to introduction of new built elements into the landscape. The principal operational impacts could arise from visual and noise intrusion on the settings of upstanding monuments due to movement of vehicles entering and leaving the proposed New Visitor Centre car and coach parks; and the movement of the proposed Visitor Transit System along the closed A344. Other operational impacts could include the effects of traffic, noise and light intrusion on the settings of scheduled monuments and listed buildings due to changes in traffic flow associated with use of the A303(T) and A360 to access the New Visitor Centre via the Longbarrow Crossroads and Airman’s Corner junctions; and the removal of traffic from the A344.

The scale and significance of the likely effects of construction and operation of the proposals, both adverse and beneficial, in respect of individual monuments and key monument groups expressing attributes of OUV are considered in the Environmental Statement.

iv WA Project No. 71650 Stonehenge Environmental Improvements Project: Archaeological Baseline Assessment

STONEHENGE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT Archaeology and the Historic Environment Baseline Assessment

Acknowledgements

This project was commissioned by English Heritage through their planning consultants, Chris Blandford Associates. Thanks are due to the EH Web GIS Team for supply of historic mapping to the project.

This report was compiled by Melissa Conway and Chris Moore, with Gareth Chaffey. GIS construction was undertaken by Paul Cripps. The report graphics were prepared by Melissa Conway and Linda Coleman.

This report may contain material that is non-Wessex Archaeology copyright (e.g. Ordnance Survey, British Geological Survey, Crown Copyright), or the intellectual property of third parties, which we are able to provide for limited reproduction under the terms of our own copyright licences but for which copyright itself is non- transferrable by Wessex Archaeology. Users remain bound by the conditions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 with regard to multiple copying and electronic dissemination of this report.

v WA Project No. 71650 Stonehenge Environmental Improvements Project: Archaeological Baseline Assessment

STONEHENGE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS PROJECT Archaeology and the Historic Environment Baseline Assessment

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project background 1.1.1 The Stonehenge Environmental Improvements Project (’the Project’) has been developed by English Heritage to deliver an improved landscape setting for Stonehenge; a new, sensitively designed and environmentally sustainable Stonehenge visitor centre; and better interpretation of the Stones and the Stonehenge WHS, through development of a proposed new visitor centre site and associated access facilities and highways improvements. The Project comprises the following principal elements:

• Construction of New Visitor Facilities, including car and coach parking, on land adjacent to the existing A360/A344/B3086 road junction at Airman’s Corner and provision of a Visitor Transit System to transport visitors to the Stonehenge Monument along the route of the current A344 road; • Construction of a New Roundabout junction at Airman’s Corner, including realignment of the B3086 to its original (pre-1964) route where it joins the junction; • Decommissioning and removal of the Existing Visitor Facilities, including car parking, near the Stonehenge Monument leaving only a minimal Operations Facility and emergency toilets; and • Decommissioning and removal of the A344 road between Byway 12 and Stonehenge Bottom. • Reconfiguration of the A303(T)/A344 junction; • Improvements to the existing Longbarrow Roundabout A303(T)/A360 junction; and • Traffic Regulation Orders to restrict non-exempt motor vehicular traffic on the A344 between Airman’s Corner and Byway 12, and on Byways within the WHS.

1.2 Purpose of this document 1.2.1 An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required to support a planning application to be submitted to Wiltshire Council. This report presents an Archaeological Baseline Assessment and has been compiled as the basis for the statement of existing (baseline) conditions to be included in the Environmental Statement (ES) chapter (Chapter 5) on archaeology and the historic environment.

1.3 The Study Area: location and geology 1.3.1 The Study Area for which baseline data has been collated comprises a large rectilinear area focused on the proposed scheme. This extends from the King Barrow Ridge in the east to Shrewton in the west, and from Lake Down in the south, north as far as Robin Hood’s Ball (SW corner NGR 407074, 139300, NE corner NGR 413969, 145999) (Figure 1). The WHS boundary runs through the Study Area and just under half of the present Study Area lies within the designated area (Figure 1).

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1.3.2 The topography of the Study Area is varied and encompasses sections of the valley floors of the rivers Avon and Till and the intervening interfluve. Several dry valleys, including Stonehenge Bottom and Spring Bottom, descend from the interfluve towards the rivers. The land falls away from a maximum height of c. 140m aOD at the northern end of the Study Area, around Robin Hood’s Ball and the Royal Aircraft Establishment, toward the valley floors reaching c. 70m aOD at Berwick St James in the Till Valley and c. 60m aOD at Wilsford in the Avon Valley.

1.3.3 The underlying geology of the majority of the Study Area comprises uncapped Cretaceous Upper Chalk which gives rise to shallow, lime-rich, soils. There is a small outcrop of clay with flints on the ridge between Spring Bottom and the Avon. In the base of the valleys, the chalk is overlain by valley gravels which, in turn, are overlain by alluvium adjacent to the rivers. The valley floor soils are freely draining lime-rich loams, with naturally high ground water levels adjacent to Avon and in the Till Valley below Winterbourne Stoke.

2 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Aims and scope 2.1.1 This assessment aims to clarify the nature and quality of archaeological deposits, historic built structures and landscapes within the Study Area.

2.1.2 For the purposes of this assessment, ‘Archaeology and the Historic Environment’ is defined as a combination of a broad range of cultural heritage resources, including:

• Palaeo-environmental deposits; • Archaeological surface deposits; • Archaeological sites and monuments; • Buried archaeological remains, for example detected via non-intrusive geophysical survey; • Historic structures, including listed buildings and conservation areas; • Historic landscape elements, such as parks and gardens, field systems and settlements; • Individual historic landscape features, including historic route-ways and hedgerows; • The historic landscape character of the Study Area; • 19th and 20th century military features; and • Contemporary and historic cultural appreciation of the Study Area.

2.2 Sources 2.2.1 Baseline data was sourced from the English Heritage ‘Stonehenge WHS’ GIS, which includes the EH record of Scheduled Monuments, data from the EH National Mapping Programme, and the Wiltshire Sites and Monuments Record. Data was handled using ArcGIS to facilitate spatial querying. A number of publicly accessible sources of primary and synthesised information were also consulted. Tithe maps and historic Ordnance Survey mapping were consulted at the Wiltshire Record Office. Digital copies of

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1880s and 1930s Ordnance Survey mapping was provided to the project by English Heritage. Other historic mapping in Wessex Archaeology’s library and on the British Library websites was also consulted. A full list of maps consulted can be found in section 6 (References).

2.2.2 Extensive archaeological and historical analysis and survey has already been undertaken within the WHS. A list of relevant published and unpublished sources used in the assessment can be found in section 6 (References). Key data sources include:

Published works

• The Stonehenge Environs Project (Richards 1990); • Stonehenge in its Landscape: Twentieth-century excavations (Cleal, Walker and Montague 1995); • Stonehenge World Heritage Site: An Archaeological Research Framework (Darvill 2005); • A303 Stonehenge Improvement: Environmental Statement (Balfour Beatty Costain/Halcrow Gifford for the Highways Agency, June 2003); • A303 Stonehenge: Historic Landscape Survey (Mott MacDonald 2002), in the A303 Stonehenge Improvement: Environmental Statement; • Archaeology on the A303 Stonehenge Improvement (Leivers and Moore 2008); • Stonehenge Visitor Facilities and Access Scheme: Environmental Statement (Chris Blandford Associates/Wessex Archaeology for English Heritage, August 2004).

Unpublished reports

• Reports on archaeological works associated with the proposed A303 improvements (John Samuels Archaeological Consultants/Wessex Archaeology 1991-2003); • Reports on the archaeological works associated with investigation of suitable Visitor Centre sites (Timothy Darvill Archaeological Consultants/Wessex Archaeology 1990-2004); • Stonehenge Military Installations (Wessex Archaeology 1998); • Condition Survey and Management Recommendations for archaeological Sites within the Stonehenge WHS (Wessex Archaeology 2003); • Field walking surveys in the Stonehenge WHS (Wessex Archaeology 2002-2008); • Stonehenge Riverside Project (draft report) (Parker-Pearson 2007).

Databases

• The English Heritage ‘Stonehenge WHS’ GIS database, which includes the EH Record of Scheduled Monuments, data from the EH National Mapping Programme and the Wiltshire Sites and Monuments Record; • The National Monuments Record, English Heritage, Swindon; • The List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest; • The English Heritage Register of Historic Parks and Gardens;

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• The National Mapping Programme, English Heritage, Swindon.

2.3 Chronology 2.3.1 Where mentioned in the text, the main archaeological periods are broadly defined by the following date ranges:

• Palaeolithic c. 500 000 – 10 000 BC • Mesolithic c. 10 000 – 4000 BC • Neolithic c. 4000 – 2500 BC • Bronze Age c. 2500 – 800 BC • Iron Age c. 800 BC – AD 43 • Romano-British AD 43 – 410 • Post-Romano-British AD 410 – 650 • Anglo-Saxon AD 410 – 1066 • Medieval AD1066 – 1540 • Post-medieval AD1500 – 1800 • Modern AD 1800 – present

2.4 Terminology 2.4.1 Throughout this document the term ‘monument’ means an archaeological site recorded in the WHS GIS, and is used to distinguish such records from ‘events’, e.g. the occurrence of an archaeological investigation.

2.5 Best practice 2.5.1 This assessment has been carried out in accordance with the Institute for Archaeologists’ Standard and Guidance for an archaeological desk-based assessment (revised 2008).

2.6 Assumptions and limitations 2.6.1 Data used to compile this report consists of secondary information derived from a variety of sources, only some of which have been directly examined for the purposes of this Study. The assumption is made that this data, as well as that derived from other secondary sources, is reasonably accurate.

2.6.2 The Wiltshire SMR and the WHS GIS are not a record of all surviving elements of the cultural heritage resource, but a record of the discovery of a wide range of archaeological and historical components of the cultural heritage. The information held within it is not complete and does not preclude the subsequent discovery of further elements of the historic environment that are, at present, unknown.

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3 BASELINE RESOURCE

3.1 Introduction 3.1.1 The baseline information relevant to the cultural heritage resource within the Study Area is presented below. A gazetteer of the sites discussed in the text is provided in Appendix 1. Sites have been allocated a unique number sequence for ease of reference. These are shown on Figures 2 and 2a-2d.

3.2 Statutory and other heritage designations

The Stonehenge World Heritage Site

3.2.1 The Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites WHS was inscribed onto the World Heritage List in 1986. The nomination focused on the two megalithic monuments of Stonehenge and Avebury. However, it also included a number of Associated Sites within the WHS boundary; those at Stonehenge include: the Cursus; Woodhenge; Durrington Walls; and numerous Bronze Age round barrows surrounding Stonehenge. As well as these Associated Sites, the nomination document mentioned a number of other sites outside the WHS boundary, including Robin Hood’s Ball and a number of Neolithic long barrows within a 5km radius of Stonehenge.

3.2.2 The site was inscribed onto the World Heritage List under three of the criteria set out in the 1972 UNESCO Convention:

• Criterion i – represent a masterpiece of human creative genius; • Criterion ii – exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town planning or landscape design; • Criterion iii – bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition to a civilisation which is living or which has disappeared.

3.2.3 A Statement of Significance setting out the Outstanding Universal Value for Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites was agreed by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in July 2008:

The Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites World Heritage Site is internationally important for its complexes of outstanding prehistoric monuments. It comprises two areas of chalkland in Southern Britain within which complexes of Neolithic and Bronze Age ceremonial and funerary monuments and associated sites were built. Each area contains a focal stone circle and henge and many other major monuments. At Stonehenge these include the Avenue, the Cursuses, Durrington Walls, Woodhenge and the densest concentration of burial mounds in Britain. At Avebury, they include Windmill Hill, the West Kennet Long Barrow, the Sanctuary, Silbury Hill, the West Kennet and Beckhampton Avenues, the West Kennet Palisaded Enclosures and important barrows.

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The World Heritage Site is of Outstanding Universal Value for the following qualities:

• Stonehenge is one of the most impressive prehistoric megalithic monuments in the world on account of the sheer size of its megaliths, the sophistication of its concentric plan and architectural design, the shaping of the stones, uniquely using both Wiltshire Sarsen sandstone and Pembroke Bluestone, and the precision with which it was built.

• At Avebury, the massive Henge, containing the largest prehistoric stone circle in the world, and Silbury Hill, the largest prehistoric mound in Europe, demonstrate the outstanding engineering skills which were used to create masterpieces of earthen and megalithic architecture.

• There is an exceptional survival of prehistoric monuments and sites within the World Heritage Site including settlements, burial grounds, and large constructions of earth and stone. Today, together with their settings, they form landscapes without parallel. These complexes would have been of major significance to those who created them, as is apparent by the huge investment of time and effort they represent. They provide an insight into the mortuary and ceremonial practices of the period, and are evidence of prehistoric technology, architecture, and astronomy. The careful siting of monuments in relation to the landscape helps us to further understand the Neolithic and Bronze Age.

3.2.4 The Statement of Significance considers the relevant UNESCO criteria for inscription as follows; the accompanying commentary is quoted in full in section 3 of Part 1 of the Management Plan.

• Criterion i: The monuments of the Stonehenge, Avebury and Associated Sites World Heritage Site demonstrate outstanding creative and technological achievements in prehistoric times. • Criterion ii: The World Heritage Site provides an outstanding illustration of the evolution of monument construction and of the continual use and shaping of the landscape over more than 2,000 years, from the early Neolithic to the Bronze Age. The monuments and landscape have had an unwavering influence on architects, artists, historians and archaeologists, and still retain a huge potential for future research • Criterion iii: The complexes of monuments at Stonehenge and Avebury provide an exceptional insight into the funerary and ceremonial practices in Britain in the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Together with their settings and associated sites, they form landscapes without parallel.

3.2.5 The Avebury part of the WHS is geographically separate from the Stonehenge part and is not considered further in this report. The Stonehenge part of the WHS is referred to hereafter as ‘the Stonehenge WHS’.

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3.2.6 The first Stonehenge WHS Management Plan was completed in 2000. Following progress in the implementation of some of its goals, a revised Management Plan for the Stonehenge WHS was published by English Heritage on behalf of the Stonehenge WHS Committee in January 2009 (hereafter ‘the Management Plan’). The 2009 Management Plan includes a Statement of Significance which was endorsed by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee (July 2008) and which sets out the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the WHS. The Management Plan also identifies a series of seven attributes derived form the Statement of Significance, which contribute to the Outstanding Universal Value of the Stonehenge WHS:

1. Stonehenge itself as a globally famous and iconic monument. 2. The physical remains of the Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial monuments and associated sites. 3. The siting of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial sites and monuments in relation to the landscape. 4. The design of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial sites and monuments in relation to the skies and astronomy. 5. The siting of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial sites and monuments in relation to each other. 6. The disposition, physical remains and settings of the key Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary, ceremonial and other monuments and sites of the period, which together form a landscape without parallel. 7. The influence of the remains of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial monuments and their landscape settings on architects, artists, historians, archaeologists and others.

3.2.7 Authenticity and integrity are also used as additional criteria in assessing the OUV of a WHS. Authenticity refers to the credibility and truthfulness of the way in which attributes carry evidence for the OUV of the Site. Integrity is a measure of the wholeness and intactness of the cultural heritage and whether it includes all attributes necessary to demonstrate its OUV, e.g. whether the WHS is of adequate size to ensure the complete representation of the attributes which carry the Site’s OUV. Integrity also applies more specifically to individual sites within the WHS. It may be noted here that only Stonehenge expresses all seven attributes of OUV of the WHS.

3.2.8 Although inscription as a WHS brings no additional statutory controls in the UK, the importance of World Heritage Sites is recognised in PPG15 Planning and the Historic Environment (1994) and in the Planning Circular on the Protection of World Heritage Sites (July 2009), which indicate that protection of the Outstanding Universal Value of World Heritage Sites should be given great weight. In July 2009 Wiltshire Council resolved to ‘endorse the Stonehenge World Heritage Site Management Plan 2009 as supplementary planning guidance and a material consideration in determining planning applications that affect the Stonehenge WHS, and as a replacement for the 2000 Stonehenge WHS Management Plan previously adopted by Salisbury District Council as Supplementary Planning Guidance’.

3.2.9 Scheduled Monuments

3.2.10 There are 176 Scheduled Monuments within the Study Area, comprising 413 individual monuments listed in the Gazetteer (Figure 2). Of these, 144 Scheduled Monuments, comprising 337 monuments listed in the Gazetteer,

7 WA Project No. 71650 Stonehenge Environmental Improvements Project: Archaeological Baseline Assessment lie within the boundary of the World Heritage Site. The majority of these relate to prehistoric ritual and funerary practices. They include the following Neolithic and Bronze age monuments;

• All phases of the Stonehenge monument (1073-6) • The Cursus (1044); • The Lesser Cursus (1442); • The Avenue (909); • A henge monument south of the western end of the Cursus (1312); • A Henge monument at Coneybury Hill (904); • Barrow group south of the western part of the Cursus (1139, 1159, 1179, 1207, 1219, 1231, 1259-60, 1272, 1281, 1305, 1314, 1327, 1333, 1360, 1376); • Durrington Down barrow group (1153, 1165, 1167, 1171, 1175, 1190, 1197-8, 1208-9, 1215-6, 1223, 1228, 1242, 1261, 1270, 1288, 1332); • barrows on the northern edge of the Cursus (853, 893, 918, 920, 925, 937, 944); • Barrows north of the Cursus (1008, 1010, 1020, 1100, 1109, 1113); • A barrow cemetery north of the eastern end of the Cursus (848, 859, 861, 864, 869-71, 878, 880); • Barrow groups around Durrington Down Farm and Fargo Road (1030- 2, 1041, 1064, 1077, 1085, 1101, 1110, 1112, 1114, 1116, 1119, 1235); • A barrow cemetery at Larkhill (945-6, 955, 957, 959, 964); • Barrows at the Lesser Cursus (1469, 1480, 1493, 1513, 1523, 1527, 1534, 1542, 1567, 1583, 1599); • Barrows close to the Cursus (812, 815-8, 822, 827, 836, 927, 933, 976, 985); • The Old King Barrows barrow group (823, 831, 833, 839, 844, 852, 858, 889, 892); • The New King Barrows barrow group (891, 896, 897, 900-03) • the Stonehenge Triangle barrow group (1038, 1130, 1134, 1142, 1144, 1147, 1158, 1164, 1174); • the Winterbourne Stoke barrow group including the long barrow (1575) and round barrow cemetery (1464, 1468, 1490, 1497, 1508, 1512, 1514, 1519, 1522, 1524-6, 1532, 1540, 1545, 1550, 1556, 1559, 1566, 1578-9, 1581, 1585-8, 1592, 1594); • Long Barrow (1472) and round barrows on Wilsford Down (1447-54) • Barrows at Luxenborough Plantation (968, 981, 983, 992, 994, 999, 1000); • The Normanton Down group (1028-9, 1037, 1049, 1051, 1055, 1061, 1072, 1094, 1115, 1127, 1137, 1141, 1155, 1163, 1168-9, 1173, 1185, 1189, 1200, 1211, 1240, 1250, 1253); • Further barrows on Normanton Down (1079, 1081-3, 1087-9, 1091, 1097, 1104, 1123, 1126, 1214, 1230, 1233, 1236, 1251, 1256-8, 1266, 1278, 1280, 1286-7, 1294, 1297, 1301, 1329); • Barrows on Coneybury Hill (865-7); • Barrows at Greenland Farm (1598, 1610), west of Fargo Ammunition dump (1439, 1445, 1457, 1460, 1476, 1547, 1555); • The Lake barrow group (1335, 1337-9, 1341, 1347-8, 1357-9, 1365, 1369, 1379-80, 1383, 1398, 1403-4, 1408-10, 1413-9, 1419); • The Wilsford barrow group (1170, 1176-7, 1188, 1199, 1203, 1217, 1225, 1229);

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• Barrows on Lake Down (1048, 1052, 1120, 1182-3, 1195, 1220-1); • Wilsford Down North kite enclosure (1304); and • Linear boundary earthworks on Wilsford Down (1459), and Lake down (1120, 1309).

3.2.11 The remaining 32 Scheduled Monuments lie outside of the World Heritage Site and comprise 76 individual monuments listed in the Gazetteer. They include;

• Robin Hood’s Ball Causewayed Enclosure (1518); • Long barrows near Robin Hood’s Ball (1372), on Winterbourne Stoke Down (1664) and on Knighton Down (1009, 1034); • Barrows close to the Winterbourne Stoke barrow group (1594, 1604, 1607, 1609, 1613, 1640, 1683, 1731, 1746); • Rollestone Bake Farm barrow group (1466, 1483, 1494, 1501, 1504 – 6, 1509, 1510, 1529, 1536); • Rollestone Field barrow group (1627, 1628, 1631, 1635, 1637 – 8, 1644, 1647, 1653, 1662, 1671); • Winterbourne Stoke West barrow cemetery (1664, 1798, 1800, 1802 – 5, 1807, 1809, 1812 - 8) and The Coniger enclosure (1810); • Fore Down enclosure (1774) and Winterbourne Stoke East barrow cemetery (1765 – 7, 1770, 1772 – 3, 1775 – 6, 1778, 1780); • Barrows at Middle Farm (1667, 1675, 1682, 1693), Greenland Farm (1615, 1622, 1687), Larkhill Racecourse (922), Robin Hood’s Ball (1577) and northwest of Fargo Lodge (1401); • A section of linear boundary earthwork on Winterbourne Stoke Down (1731); and • Romano-British settlement on Winterbourne Stoke Down (1703).

Listed Buildings

3.2.12 There are 23 Grade II listed buildings within the Study Area. Of these, the Airman’s Cross memorial (2014) and a milestone on the A344 opposite Stonehenge (1057), lie within the proposed development area.

Registered Parks and Gardens

3.2.13 There are no Registered Parks and Gardens within the Study Area.

Conservation Areas

3.2.14 There are two Conservation Areas within, or partly within the Study Area, at West Amesbury and Winterbourne Stoke.

Historic hedgerows

3.2.15 Much of the downland is shown as enclosed on tithe maps of the 1840s, and the majority of field boundaries within the Study Area are therefore taken to be ‘Important’ under the Hedgerow Regulations 1997 (as amended).

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Area of special Archaeological Significance

3.2.16 The whole of the Study Area, including land within and outside the WHS, is identified as an Area of Special Archaeological Significance within the Salisbury District Local Plan.

3.3 Archaeological and historical development 3.3.1 A number of more or less comprehensive summaries of the archaeology of Stonehenge and its environs have been published. A detailed rehearsal of the development of Stonehenge and its landscape can be found in the Research Framework (Darvill 2005) and will not be revisited here. The following summary of the archaeological and historical development of the Study Area has been adapted from the summary of the cultural heritage of the WHS included in Appendix G of the Management Plan (English Heritage 2009).

3.3.2 Recorded sites and monuments within the Study Area are shown on Figure 2. Owing to the density of recorded archaeology, not all sites are mentioned in the text; however, a full list of recorded sites is contained in Appendix 1.

Palaeolithic and Mesolithic

3.3.3 Evidence of activity in the Study Area during early prehistory is sparse, with only one find of Palaeolithic date, a flint core (1690), known from the area. Mesolithic activity is better attested and includes the probable ceremonial post monument, described as the first monument in England (Darvill 2006, 62-4), discovered during phases of excavation at the current Stonehenge car park (see Section 4.3.4 above; 1099, 1131). Environmental analysis of the contents of the post pits show the surrounding area to have been characterised by pine woodland (Cleal et al 1995, 43). Further evidence of Mesolithic activity come from finds of flintwork close to the monument itself in Stonehenge Triangle (1146) and from slightly further away at the King Barrow Ridge (886 & 977) and Normanton Down (1122).

Neolithic

3.3.4 Evidence for Neolithic activity is dominated by ceremonial structures and is particularly dense within the WHS. However, significant monuments of this period also exist in the rest of the Study Area. Environmental evidence has shown that these monuments were built in grassland created by the removal of the natural ancient woodland documented in the area in the preceding Mesolithic period (English Heritage 2009, 155; Cleal et al 1995, 43).

3.3.5 The earliest monuments of this period were long barrows, cursus monuments, and the Robin Hood’s Ball causewayed enclosure (1518) (English Heritage 2009, 155). The Cursus (1044), a long thin enclosure bounded by a ditch and bank and aligned on a long barrow (837) at its eastern terminal, was probably used for processional uses; radiocarbon dating suggests it was constructed around 3,630-3,370 BC (Parker-Pearson et al 2007, 14). The Lesser Cursus (1442), which lies on the crest of a ridge on Winterbourne Stoke Down lying between two dry valleys that lead in into the Till Valley, was also built at the end of this period.

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3.3.6 A long barrow (1664) lies just over 1km southwest of the Lesser Cursus, on the crest of the same ridge. Several long barrows are sited around the head of the Spring Bottom dry valley, and these include three on Normanton Down (1173, 1256, 1286), the Long Barrow crossroads barrow (1575), and barrows on Wilsford Down (1472) and Lake Down (1403). Long barrows were also sited on the crest of the Avon-Till-Stonehenge Bottom interfluve between Knighton Down and Robin Hood’s Ball (1009, 1034, 1372). Many of these monuments groups are intervisible with each other.

3.3.7 The earliest phase of Stonehenge (1075) dates to around 3,000 BC when the henge monument itself was dug (Richards 2005). This henge monument, which is still visible today, had a circular chalk bank with an external causewayed ditch some 110m in diameter, with a principal entrance on the north-east side and a secondary one to the south. Fifty-six circular pits, known as the ‘Aubrey Holes’ after their original discoverer John Aubrey (1626-1697) were dug inside the henge, probably also at around this time (English Heritage 2009, 155). Excavation of these pits shows that they held timber posts or stones, however, little is known of the nature of the superstructure indicated by these posts (English Heritage 2009, 155). Later in the period, following the rotting or removal of posts or stones, cremation burials were placed in several of the resulting holes (English Heritage 2009, 155). In the period 2,900 BC-2,600 BC, extensive timber structures were erected at the centre and at the entrances to the henge. Cremation burials were also cut into the bank and partially infilled henge ditches at a similar date.

3.3.8 Other henge monuments were constructed in the area during this period. Coneybury Henge (904) stood within the Study Area on the crest of Coneybury Hill just over 1km to the southeast of Stonehenge within the Study Area. Just outside of the Study Area, lying 3km northeast of Stonehenge, lie the massive henge of Durrington Walls (c. 2,500 BC) and the smaller Woodhenge (built around 2,300 BC) (English Heritage 2009, 155). Both Durrington Walls and Woodhenge contained large concentric timber structures and would have been a major focus of the landscape at this time (English Heritage 2009, 155). The timber structures at Durrington Walls may be earlier than the encircling bank and ditch which form the henge enclosure. Stonehenge and the henge complex at Durrington do not appear to have been intervisible, although both locations are visible from Coneybury Henge.

3.3.9 The remains of ten late Neolithic houses situated inside and just outside the Durrington Walls henge may be the surviving remains of an extensive settlement (Parker-Pearson et al 2007, 7), possibly occupied on a seasonal basis. Other evidence for settlement of this period, in the form of flint scatters and one excavated pit (867, 921, 898), has been found within the Study Area on King Barrow Ridge. Finds of Neolithic flintwork have been made across the Study Area and are densest in the WHS on the eastern side of the Avon-Till interfluve; this apparent density of activity may reflect greater levels of archaeological survey around the upstanding monuments in this part of the Study Area.

Bronze Age

3.3.10 The early Bronze Age also saw significant modifications to the design and appearance of Stonehenge. The stone structures which characterise this

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phase of Stonehenge were erected and re-modelled several times during the period around 2,550-2,000 BC (English Heritage 2009, 155). The stone settings initially consisted of bluestones (1073), imported from the Preseli Hills in West Wales, later complemented by the unique stone structures visible today (1074). These trilithons, constructed from huge shaped sandstone blocks (sarsens) brought from the Marlborough Downs, epitomise Stonehenge to many and few other megalithic stone structures exist which have a similar level of architectural and technical sophistication. It was uniquely built using woodworking techniques which may have been used in the earlier structures at Durrington Walls and alter ones at Woodhenge. Together with Avebury, it would have been a major centre for the region and possibly for north-western Europe. There is evidence from outside the Study Area that some prehistoric people who were buried at Boscombe Down, near to Stonehenge, were from continental Europe.

3.3.11 As during the preceding Neolithic period, Stonehenge was both a focal point and a component of a structured ceremonial landscape in which intervisibility with other monuments and spaces was likely to have been important (English Heritage 2009, 156). In the early Bronze Age, the henge was linked physically with Stonehenge Bottom and the valley of the River Avon by a ceremonial approach to the site, known as The Avenue (909). There was, and still is, a strong visual relationship to the extensive barrow cemeteries surrounding the henge (see 3.3.12 below). These include the King Barrow Ridge barrow groups, the Cursus barrows and the Normanton Down barrow group, all built on prominent ridges within the landscape which create a well-defined area or ‘amphitheatre’ with Stonehenge at its centre.

3.3.12 Ceremonial traditions underwent a significant change during the early Bronze Age with new funerary monuments, such as round barrows, adopted for prominent burials. Round barrows are the commonest class of monument in the Study Area, accounting for nearly half of recorded monuments (440 out of 1016, or 43 %); many survive as earthworks. A substantial number of probable barrows, evidenced by cropmarks of ring ditches, also exist across the Study Area. A full list of barrows and ring ditches is contained in the Gazetteer in Appendix 1. The majority of barrows are sited on the crests of ridges overlooking river valleys and major dry valleys, with many grouped together in barrow cemeteries. Particularly extensive barrow cemeteries exist at Winterbourne Stoke, Normanton Down, Lake Down and King Barrow ridge around the head of the Spring Bottom/Stonehenge Bottom dry valley system. The barrow groups at Winterbourne Stoke East and West are also notable as they lie facing each other, only 500m apart, on opposing sides of the Till Valley. Significant barrow groups also exist at the Cursus and Lesser Cursus, indicating that these earlier ceremonial foci retained some significance in the Bronze Age.

3.3.13 During the later Bronze Age evidence for settlement becomes more widespread. There is evidence of settlement from excavation and fieldwalking (e.g. McOmish et al 2002) at several sites across the Study Area (899, 1321, 1391, 1511), including from adjacent to the major barrow cemetery at Winterbourne Stoke (1593). There is also evidence for the development of large-scale land division across much of the area. Several linear boundaries are recorded, both as earthworks and cropmarks, across the Study Area (1278, 1499, 1738). Extensive field systems, visible as cropmarks, covered large parts of the Study Area. The majority of these features are undated, having not been sampled by excavation, but appear,

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on the basis of similar excavated examples, to date between the late Bronze Age to Romano-British period. A full list of field systems is contained in the Gazetteer in Appendix 1.

Iron Age and Romano-British

3.3.14 Although it is likely that some of the cropmarked field systems and settlements were in use during these periods, securely dated evidence for activity that corresponds to this is extremely sparse across the whole Study Area. A hillfort, known as Vespasian’s Camp, was constructed just outside the eastern edge of the Study Area by Amesbury and is a further indicator of activity during this period. A burial was cut into the partially silted-up palisade ditch (see 3.7.5 below) adjacent to Stonehenge during the Iron Age (Cleal et al 1995, 159-60). Stakeholes of possible Iron Age date (1056) were located during works at the present visitor facilities and may indicate further activity of some kind close to the monument during this period. Pottery and other finds of this period have been found at several sites across the Study Area, including during excavation of ditches of barrows in the Net Down group (1709, 1728-9, 1750).

3.3.15 Evidence of Romano-British activity is more widespread, with finds of the period recovered from across the area. Farmsteads and small villages of the Roman era are known across Salisbury Plain, and a settlement dated to this period has been excavated on Winterbourne Stoke Down (1703). A further settlement site is known from cropmarks (1751) lying 800m north-north-east of this site. It is thought to be contemporary as both sites appear to be linked or attached to a linear boundary running between the two. A burial of probable Romano-British date was excavated at Stonehenge (1070), and may indicate continued interest in, if not use of the monument. Outside the Study Area, a small Roman building interpreted as a rural shrine has been recently excavated near to the Cuckoo Stone, south-west of Durrington Walls (Parker-Pearson et al 2007, 13).

Anglo-Saxon and Medieval

3.3.16 Like other downland areas, there appears to have been a substantial shift in land-use over the course of the Anglo-Saxon period in the Study Area. The extensive field systems covering the downs that were characteristic of later prehistory and Romano-British periods were eventually replaced by the a pattern of settlements in the valley floors utilising a regime of open field agriculture on the lower slopes of the river valleys and open grazing land on the intervening downs by the medieval period.

3.3.17 As much of the Study Area probably served as the agricultural hinterland of settlements, evidence for activity of these periods in the Study Area is consequently extremely sparse. In addition to a handful of stray finds of Anglo-Saxon date (883, 1310, 1489, 1844), intrusive secondary burials at the Winterbourne Stoke and Winterbourne Stoke West barrow groups have been ascribed a Saxon date (1539, 1817). The settlements at Winterbourne Stoke (1086, 894) and Wilsford are mentioned in Domesday and it is likely that many of the other settlements in the Avon and Till Valleys had bene established by the close of the Saxon period. Within the Study Area, churches at Rollestone, Winterbourne Stoke and Wilsford can be demonstrated to be of at least medieval origin, possessing fabric dating to this period (1831, 1086, 894). Earthworks relating to shrunken medieval

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settlement have been recorded at Rollestone, Winterbourne Stoke and Asserton, next to Berwick St James (1831, 1086, 1824).

3.3.18 To the east of the Study Area, Amesbury was the centre for aroyal estate during the Saxon period, and the abbey was founded in AD979 (English Heritage 2009, 156). It is probable that the town itself grew up around these establishments but little is known of the way in which the surrounding landscape was utilised. However, the remains of several Saxon sunken- featured buildings at Countess East may have been an early Saxon settlement which later shifted to the town of Amesbury (English Heritage 2009, 156).

3.3.19 It has been suggested that Stonehenge itself may have been used as an execution site during the Anglo-Saxon period. Cited in support of this is the discovery of a decapitated man buried at the monument around AD 645 (Richards 2005, 40), and the similarity of the name ‘Stonehenge’ to the Saxon words ‘stone’ and ‘heng’ or hang (English Heritage 2009, 156).

Post-medieval

3.3.20 The pattern of settlement and land-use that had been established by the medieval period continued with few modifications well into the post-medieval period. The earliest maps show the majority of the Study Area as unenclosed downland crossed by a profusion of trackways, connecting the villages in the valleys and providing access to the high ground of the downs and Salisbury Plain (Figure 5). Many prehistoric monuments are also shown on these maps. These appear to have been utilised as navigational landmarks; many trackways align on groups of monuments, such as those at Stonehenge and Longbarrow Crossroads, or run alongside linear monument groups, such as the King Barrows and the barrows south of the Cursus (Figure 5). These routeways were heavily rationalised around the end of the 18th century when several were turnpiked by act of Parliament. These include what are now the principal highways within the Study Area, the A303, A344 and A360. Monuments relating to this process within the Study Area include the remnants of former roads and tracks (884, 995, 1059), and milestones set up along the improved roads (1057, 1999).

3.3.21 Enclosure of common farming resources appears to have occurred at a comparatively late date in this area, with few extensive areas of enclosed farmland shown on maps prior to the middle of the 19th century. Limited enclosure of land immediately adjacent to villages had occurred by the end of the 18th century, due largely to the creation of watermeadows from what was previously common meadowland on valley floors (OSD 63 (not reproduced)); earthworks relating to the channels and sluices of watermeadows are recorded in both the Avon and Till valleys (821, 1792). The downs were still depicted as unenclosed into the early part of the 19th century (OSD 63, not reproduced here), but by the time tithe maps (not reproduced here) of the area were produced in the 1840s much of the downland had been enclosed. Much of this enclosure appears to have been informal and took place without recourse to inclosure by Act of Parliament; such Acts exist only for Figheldean and Shrewton parishes. Some farms within the Study Area, such as Greenland Farm and Middle Farm, moved out of the villages and into the newly created fields on the downs. The extent of enclosed land appears to have waned by the 1880s as large, unenclosed

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areas of downland are depicted on the downs above Winterbourne Stoke and Berwick St James (Figure 6).

3.3.22 Another significant feature of the 19th century was the ornamenting of the landscape through the addition of picturesque tree planting. These include supposed commemorative plantations, such as the Nile Clumps; those designed to enhance the skyline, such as Fargo Plantation; and those augmenting existing features, such as the Vespasian’s Camp and King Barrow plantations (shown on OSD 63 as “Tumuli planted with trees”).

Modern

3.3.23 The acquisition of much of the land in the north of the Study Area for use as a military training ground at the close of the 19th century initially brought few physical changes to the landscape. Military sites were established across the area from the start of the 20th century onwards, but were most highly concentrated in the north-eastern corner of the Study Area. The Study Area includes a number of sites of military developments which were of worldwide significance.

3.3.24 Initial military activity saw the establishment of tented camps at Larkhill, Durrington, Rollestone, Fargo and Knighton Down, and the use of an extensive area north of the Study Area for artillery practice. Several areas of practice trenches from this early period of military use have been recorded as cropmarks (997, 1004, 1012, 1047, 1067, 1118, 1325, 1425, 1797).

3.3.25 The first military aerodrome was founded at Larkhill in 1910 (1148) and the area became a focus for early military flight and the development of aerial warfare. The first fatalities in military flight also took place in the Study Area and monuments to commemorate these early deaths were raised at Airman’s Corner, Fargo and Larkhill. During the First World War, many of the camps became more permanent, with tents being replaced by timber huts. Larkhill became the focus of extensive military training encampments, both tented and hutted. Further airfields were built at Rollestone, Lake Down and Stonehenge (2046), and a military hospital was built at Fargo. There are few traces of the early airfields, as these largely utilised grass airstrips and subsequent redevelopment has removed associated buildings. Railways were built from Amesbury to serve the growing installations in the northern part of the Study Area (1485, 1950). Although the tracks were gradually removed from the 1920s onwards, sections of the railways survive as earthworks immediately west and east of Larkhill.

3.3.26 By the 1920s extensive military facilities existed in the northern part of the Study Area, centred on Larkhill Camp (Figure 7). The airfield buildings at Stonehenge were due to have been removed by this date, following complaints at their siting so close to the monument. Although put up for auction for removal and re-erection elsewhere, the buyer had decided to retain them in-situ as farm buildings and they became known as the Stonehenge Pedigree Stock Farm (Figure 7). They were removed by the close of the decade and there are now no surface traces of these buildings.

3.3.27 The 1930s and Second World War saw further intense military activity focussed on Larkhill and Rollestone; recorded activity elsewhere in the Study Area is minimal. Larkhill remains an extensive operational military facility into the present day and has seen several programmes of

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reconstruction, meaning few features relating to the early development of the site remain.

3.4 Built heritage 3.4.1 Beyond the historic settlement cores and associated Conservation areas at Winterbourne Stoke and West Amesbury (see above), the built heritage of the Study Area is dominated by 20th century military development at Larkhill. These include a number of listed buildings, including hangars relating to the Royal Aircraft Establishment and structures relating to the two World Wars. Other prominent military structures include Rollestone Camp and the ammunition dump.

3.5 Historic landscape character 3.5.1 Despite the prominent survival of prehistoric monuments in the Study Area and some evidence for continuity, there have been many changes to the landscape since the monuments were constructed. The present landscape reflects many aspects of the continual process of change through time in the ways that local inhabitants lived and used the land. Trees were cleared from the land for agriculture, fuel, building materials, etc. during the prehistoric period, and for much of the historic period most of the area around Stonehenge was used as pasture for grazing.

3.5.2 The landscape in the Study Area is generally open in character, comprising river valley slopes, downland and ridgelines. The historic landscape is characterised by downland enclosed in the nineteenth century. Historic Landscape Survey (Mott MacDonald 2002) has demonstrated that most of the extant boundaries in the WHS are modern; the enclosure landscape is characterised by large, survey planned fields that are presently defined by post and wire stock fencing.

3.5.3 In the historic and modern periods people have created landscape features that have come and gone – some leaving still visible traces, others not. Examples include a track through the middle of Stonehenge itself; the enormous hangars of the Stonehenge Airfield; the vast tented camps of the First World War; cottages for the custodians of Stonehenge; and the military light railways. Some of the land has, in the post-medieval and modern eras, been planted with trees (often as landscaping or screening features), or formalised as parkland. On the fringes of the Study Area in particular, there are military and civilian settlements and their concomitant facilities, such as sewage works.

3.5.4 The Study Area has been crossed by many transport routes some of which, though no longer in use, have left lasting traces in the landscape. The principal highways within the Study Area, the A303, A344 and A360, are all turnpike roads created in the eighteenth century, formalising what was previously a network of tracks crossing the southern reaches of Salisbury Plain, many of which utilised Stonehenge and other monuments as navigational landmarks.

3.5.5 The expansion and reconfiguration of the military installations throughout the 20th century has been the most conspicuous use of the southern fringe of Salisbury Plain Training Area, including the northern part of the WHS. However, the acquisition of the Plain by the military has ensured the survival of huge numbers of archaeological sites and large areas of chalk grassland,

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as it was not subjected to intensive agricultural techniques (English Heritage 2009, 156).

3.5.6 The acquisition of Stonehenge for the nation and the subsequent development of the National Trust estate have also been defining influences on the development of the landscape within the WHS, in particular with regard to land management. Although present land use within the Study Area is predominantly arable cultivation, a programme of grassland reversion within the WHS has sought to restore a downland pasture setting to the prehistoric monuments.

3.6 Cultural heritage 3.6.1 Although there are few certainties about the meanings that Stonehenge has held for people through the ages, the likely cultural and ceremonial importance of the area to prehistoric peoples from at least the Mesolithic period onwards is demonstrated by the construction of successive monuments in the Study Area. It is the survival of the prehistoric features in the historic and modern landscape that has ensured that the area has, for centuries, attracted the attention of visitors, of people seeking spiritual inspiration, of scholars, artists and authors. The alignment of Stonehenge, the Avenue and the Heel Stone with the midsummer solstice sunrise and midwinter solstice sunset embodies the significance of those events to the builders of Stonehenge, and this connection remains a focus for many modern Druids and pagans today.

3.6.2 Despite its isolation in modern terms, Stonehenge has long attracted tourists. It has been the subject of scientific study and debate, of artistic and literary works, of popular festivals and religious ceremonies and of archaeological investigation.

3.7 Previous studies 3.7.1 The WHS has been subject to an unusually high level of research, detailed in Stonehenge in its Landscape: Twentieth Century Excavations (Cleal, Walker and Montague 1995). Those works of direct relevance to the present proposals are summarised below.

Archaeological excavations in the visitors’ car park

3.7.2 The area of the present visitors’ facilities has seen significant levels of excavation and monitoring since the construction of the first facilities at the site in the mid-1930s. The locations of these works are shown on Figure 3.

3.7.3 Prior to the construction of the first car park in 1936, the land to be utilised was excavated under the archaeological supervision of W.E.V. Young. Although this appears to have been a very thorough programme of work, entailing the stripping and excavation of the entire area, no features were located and few finds were recovered (Young 1936).

3.7.4 In the late 1960s, extensions to car parking and access expanded the area of visitor facilities to the approximate extent of the present site. Excavations prior to the car park extension in 1966 located three large pits (1131) and a further, less regular feature interpreted at the time as a tree throw (Vatchers 1973, 62). The pits lay in a line, contained pine charcoal and had evidence of having contained substantial wooden posts (ibid.). They were thought to

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be too far apart to be spanned by horizontal members and, therefore, not part of a structure (ibid.). The arrangement of the posts and their spacing led to the suggestion that they were large timber uprights, perhaps visually akin to “totem poles” (Cleal et al 1995, 56). Subsequent radiocarbon dating of charcoal from the pit fills assigned an early Mesolithic date to the features (op. cit. 43). These features have been seen as indicating possible ceremonial use of the area at least four millennia prior to the earliest phase of the Stonehenge monument.

3.7.5 Excavations immediately south of the A344 during construction of the underpass in 1967 sampled part of a long linear feature known as the “palisade ditch” (1218), which has been traced as an intermittent cropmark running for 1.1km aligned southwest-northeast. On excavation, the ditch contained tightly-packed post pipes, which would have created a stockade- like structure, and terminated at the north-eastern corner of the excavation area (Cleal et al 1995, 155). The feature has been sampled at two other locations and is considered to be of Late Neolithic date, broadly contemporary with Phase 2 at Stonehenge (3.3.11 above). It has been suggested that it may have functioned in part as a boundary regulating access to Stonehenge, although recent (2008) work by the Stonehenge Riverside Project suggests that the feature is part of a Bronze Age field system. A flexed inhumation burial, of Iron Age date, was cut into the lower fills of the terminal end of the ditch (op. cit. 159-60).

3.7.6 Trenches dug adjacent to the A344 for electric cabling in the area of the Avenue (909) were monitored in the following year. This work found that the ditches of the monument appear to continue under the present roadway, and have not been removed by it (op. cit. 301-2).

3.7.7 Excavations were carried out in advance of toilet block construction in 1979 by the Central Excavation Unit of English Heritage. These found 38 undated stake-holes; none appear to have formed a clear part of a larger structure and they were ascribed a tentative Iron Age date due to similarities with roundhouse post-holes from other sites of the period (Smith, 1981, 181). Alterations to sewerage pipes in the visitor compound were monitored in 1984 but located no features (Cleal et al 1995, 4). Work in 1988-9 on alterations to facilities in northeast corner of the present visitor compound located several features derived from periglacial processes and one archaeological feature, a large pit (1099). This was less regular both in plan and profile than those excavated in the 1960s (see 3.7.4 above), but also contained pine charcoal and had some evidence of having held a large post (op. cit. 43). The charcoal from this feature also dated to the early Mesolithic (op. cit. 47). The more irregular profile and fills of this pit has led to a re- evaluation of the treehole located by the 1960s excavations and it is now thought that this may also be a post-pit of roughly contemporary date (Cleal et al 1995, 56), and that there may have been a further two large upright posts at this location in the early Mesolithic.

3.7.8 An area excavation was carried out in 1993 in the northwest corner of the present visitor compound. Although no archaeological features were located, the work did demonstrate that this part of the compound had experienced a high level of disturbance due to services (Wessex Archaeology 1993).

3.7.9 Although yielding no archaeological information, a series of comprehensive plans of known services and construction in the area of the present visitor

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facilities were prepared by Wessex Archaeology as part of project work toward Stonehenge in its Landscape: Twentieth Century Excavations. Microfiches of these plans held in the WA Archive Collection could be used to map areas of disturbance within the footprint of the present compound.

Archaeological excavations at Longbarrow Crossroads

3.7.10 A Late Bronze Age settlement was discovered and excavated in 1967 during works to construct the present roundabout at Longbarrow Crossroads (1593). Settlement evidence comprised the post-holes of at least three hut structures, a north-south aligned "stockade" trench and several pits containing Deverel-Rimbury sherds. A watching brief on road works just west of the roundabout in 1999 found further evidence of settlement. The fullest extent of settlement activity at this location is not known. The full extent of settlement activity at this location is not known, however geophysical survey north-west of the crossroads has detected many linear and circular anomalies which are possibly further elements of this settlement (Leivers and Moore 2008).

Geophysical surveys at Airman’s Corner

3.7.11 Extensive geophysical surveys have been undertaken previously in the vicinity of Airman’s Corner, in connection with (i) previous Stonehenge visitors’ centre proposals, in 1991 and 1993 (Bartlett Clark for Timothy Darvill Archaeological Consultants) and 2002 (GSB Prospection for Wessex Archaeology); and (ii) proposals to improve the A303 (T) through the WHS (Geophysical Surveys of Bradford for John Samuels Archaeological Consultants, 1993). Geophysical survey of some 28ha to inform the present Scheme by the EH Archaeometry Team in (English Heritage April 2009) and Wessex Archaeology (Wessex Archaeology 2009c) encompassed these areas of previous survey, which are not discussed further here.

3.7.12 The 2009 geophysical surveys identified several anomalies of clear anthropogenic origin. North-west of the present road junction these include a circular feature, a ring of pit-type anomalies and the former alignment of the B3086 running northwards from Airman’s Corner. The circular feature corresponds with the enclosing ditch of a Scheduled bowl barrow (WA 1620), and several anomalies within this ditch may represent internal features related to the barrow. The possible ring of pits probably represents a previously unknown prehistoric ritual monument. Both the Scheduled barrow and the ring of pits appear to form a continuation of the linear monument group associated with the Lesser Cursus. None of these features lie within the proposed development area. Elsewhere within the geophysical survey area, a profusion of discrete circular and sub-circular anomalies, thought to be consistent with the responses from pits, may indicate widespread quarrying or storage, with some evidence for local clustering of pits (Figure 4).

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Earthwork survey at Airman’s Corner

3.7.13 An archaeological survey to investigate earthworks within the Site was undertaken by the English Heritage Research Department in March and April 2009 (Field 2009). Inspection revealed a cultivated landscape where traces of earlier activity had for the most part long been levelled (ibid). Apart from the Scheduled round barrow in the northwest quadrant and the Imber pond in the south-east quadrant, a levelled linear ditch orientated northwest- southeast was recorded in the south-eastern quadrant. This is suggested to be of later Bronze Age date, possibly forming part of an extensive linear feature visible on aerial photographs to the northwest and southeast of the Site (Figure 4).

Archaeological field evaluation at Airman’s Corner

3.7.14 Archaeological evaluation of the Airman’s Corner site comprised archaeological test-pitting and trial trenching (Wessex Archaeology September 2009).

3.7.15 Archaeological test pitting was undertaken to investigate and mitigate the impact of geotechnical site investigation (SI) works on the archaeological resource of the WHS and provide a random sample of the artefact content of the topsoil within the Site. A total of 40 archaeological test pits, each 1m by 1m square, was excavated at the locations of each SI intervention. Test pits were hand excavated and the topsoil was sieved for artefactual content. Finds were recovered from 34 of the 40 test pits and comprise a small assemblage of debitage form flint working, consistent with a later Neolithic or Bronze Age date; and burnt flint consistent with a broad prehistoric date range. The nature and size of the flint assemblage is typical of a ‘background’ level of activity as might be expected within the WHS; no concentrations of flint indicative of more significant activity were identified.

3.7.16 In order to investigate the survival of buried archaeological remains and deposits of geo-archaeological potential that could be affected by the proposed development, archaeological trial trenching examined the site of the visitor centre building(s) and associated services, the coach drop-off and ancillary building and associated services; car and coach parking areas, access roads and associated drainage; the transit system access and turning area; and land required for the proposed junction improvements. Fifty-two trenches each 30m long and 2m wide were excavated, representing a sample in excess of 5% by area. Apart from a single undated possible post hole containing fragments of burnt flint, all features recorded were either modern (plough scars) or natural tree throw holes.

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4 MONUMENT GROUPS AND OUTSTANDING UNIVERSAL VALUE

4.1 Introduction 4.1.1 Based on the discussion of the attributes of the OUV of the Stonehenge WHS (see 3.2.7 above) in sections 3.3.7 – 3.3.23 of the 2009 Management Plan and discussions with the AWG, the following key monument groups which express attributes of OUV may be identified (note: this is not an exhaustive list):

• Stonehenge and the Stonehenge Avenue; • The Stonehenge barrow group; • The Cursus; • Normanton Down barrow group; • The Cursus barrows; • The King Barrows; • Coneybury henge; • Durrington Walls; • Woodhenge; • The Durrington Down barrow groups; • The Lesser Cursus and associated barrows; • The Winterbourne Stoke barrow group; • Lake barrows; • Wilsford Barrows; • Lake Down barrows; • Vespasian’s Camp barrows; and • Robin Hood’s Ball and various long barrows outside the WHS boundary.

4.1.2 Of these, the Scheme has the potential to impact the following key monument groups; other key monument groups listed above have no intervisibility with the Scheme and/or are located at distance:

4.1.3 Monument groups that could be affected by the Scheme proposals are discussed below.

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4.2 Stonehenge and the Avenue 4.2.1 The Stonehenge monument, a focal point within the WHS, is unrivalled in its design and unique engineering. Its relatively good survival adds to its OUV as an iconic monument. It is also unique in expressing all seven attributes of the OUV of the WHS.

4.2.2 Stonehenge was formed in several phases. The first phase comprised the bank and ditch of the henge and the Aubrey Holes, which may have held timber posts or stones before they were removed and cremation burials placed in the holes. Phase 2 is represented by timber structures of uncertain form. Phase 3 comprises the stone settings. There were a number of different arrangements of the stones and the exact layout and date of each of these arrangements is continually discussed. The first setting is thought to have been of bluestones which were moved into different positions when the larger sarsen stones were brought to the site. The settings which survive today represent the last of several phases and, as with some earlier phases, are aligned on the midsummer sunrise and/or midwinter sunset axis.

4.2.3 The Avenue (909) is thought to be contemporary to the construction of the stone circle and originally consisted of twin parallel banks with external ditches c.34m apart, extending for nearly 3 kilometres from the River Avon to the north eastern entrance of Stonehenge. Only the one-third nearest to Stonehenge survives as extant earthworks. The final approach to Stonehenge is aligned with the sunrise of the summer solstice, suggesting that the Avenue acted as a ceremonial approach. It has also been suggested that the route was used to transport the bluestones from the River Avon to their final destination.

4.2.4 A possible bowl barrow (1066) in the southern part of the Stonehenge Vallum and a possible saucer barrow (1080) add to the expression of the attributes of OUV, together with the moderate preservation of a short length of bank and internal ditches in the northern part of the Stonehenge Vallum.

4.3 Stonehenge Barrow Group 4.3.1 The Stonehenge Barrow Group lies within the Stonehenge Triangle immediately south of Stonehenge itself between the A303 and A344, with uninterrupted views of the Stones. The group consists of 8 barrows, mainly of bowl barrow type (1130, 1134, 1142, 1147, 1158 and 1174). An oval, twin disc barrow (1144) containing a primary cremation in one of the mounds, and a bell barrow (1038) containing a cremation with bone tweezers beneath an urn are also represented. Fragments of bluestone were also found within the mound. Evidence of Mesolithic and Neolithic activity is present in the form of one tranchet axe or adze and a polished stone axe, probably of jadeite, reportedly from a barrow near Stonehenge. The proximity to Stonehenge itself, and the good preservation of many of the barrows, allows the group a key relationship with many integral aspects of the WHS, which adds to the OUV of the group.

4.4 The Cursus 4.4.1 The Neolithic Cursus (1044) is represented by an earthwork ‘enclosure’ with a bank and outer ditch surviving. The extensive monument provides views of

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Stonehenge from its eastern end; the King Barrows; Cursus Barrows; Durrington Down barrows; Normanton Down Group; and the lesser Cursus and associated barrows.

4.4.2 The monument is roughly 3km long and between 100 – 150m wide aligned east-west, and its eastern end crosses the head of the Stonehenge Bottom dry valley. It has been suggested that the Cursus acts as a boundary between areas of settlement and ceremonial activity, and was probably a processional way (English Heritage 2009, 155). It has also been suggested that it is also aligned on the equinox sunrise which rises over the eastern long barrow. A long barrow is situated at the eastern end of the Cursus (837). The side ditches of this long barrow have been ploughed away and the mound has been eroded by a track.

4.4.3 The Cursus became a focus for barrow construction in the Bronze Age, with an irregularly spaced linear group of barrows (924) on the south-east edge of the Cursus. A bowl barrow (1340) lies within the western terminus.

4.5 Normanton Down Group 4.5.1 The Normanton Down Ridge is a prominent skyline cemetery visible from Stonehenge itself. It is also visible from King Barrow Ridge to the north-east and other monuments such as the Cursus. There is little indication of other activity in the area and it appears set aside for the construction of the barrows (Cleal et al. 1995, 490).

4.5.2 The group consists of 25 barrows, 12 of which are bowl barrows (1028, 1029, 1049, 1094, 1115, 1168, 1169, 1185, 1189, 1211, 1222 and 1240), with a further two classed as ditched bowl barrows (1055 and 1155). Six are classified as disc barrows (1037, 1061, 1072, 1163, 1250 and 1253), and a single feature classed as a saucer barrow (1051). Bell barrows are also represented (1127 and 1200), including a twin bell barrow (1137, 1141).

4.6 The Cursus Barrows 4.6.1 A slight swell of the ground to the western end of the Cursus monument, immediately north-west of Stonehenge, identifies a rounded ridgeline upon which a number of barrows lie.

4.6.2 A group of 16 barrows can be identified. Five are classified as bell barrows (1139, 1179, 1207, 1219 and 1333), eight as bowl barrows (1231, 1239, 1260, 1272, 1305, 1314, 1320 and 1340), and two are unclassified (1281, 1350). A twin bell barrow (1159) is represented, with both mounds containing human inhumations with associated grave goods.

4.6.3 A further Bronze Age round barrow cemetery (1298) of five bowl barrows is located near the southern end of Fargo Plantation and south of the western end of the Cursus, and is comprised of five bowl barrows.

4.7 The King Barrows 4.7.1 The King Barrows are situated on a prominent ridge to the immediate east of Stonehenge, at the eastern extent of the Study Area. King Barrow Ridge is visible from Stonehenge, Normanton Down Ridge to the south-west, and other monuments such as the Cursus. The monument group includes several round barrows dated to the Bronze Age forming two separate barrow

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groups, the New King Barrows and Old King Barrows, divided by the Avenue as it passes through at this point.

4.7.2 The groups together consist of 15 barrows: 7 associated with the Old King Barrows (831, 839, 844, 852, 858, 889 and 892), 7 with the New King Barrows (891, 896, 897, 900, 901, 902 and 903), and a single barrow west of the New King Barrows (908). All but two are of a bowl barrow type; 891 and 897 amongst the New King Barrows are of a bell barrow type. Preservation of the monuments within the group is generally good. A number of ring ditches are located at the northern end of the King Barrow Ridge, south-east of the eastern end of the Cursus. Preservation though is generally poor, with many features seen only through cropmark data and geophysical survey.

4.8 Coneybury Henge 4.8.1 Coneybury Hill is located to the south-east of Stonehenge, and forms a continuation of the landform known as King Barrow Ridge further to the north. Views from the ridge offer uninterrupted views of Stonehenge.

4.8.2 There is no surface trace of Coneybury Henge and it is likely that the site has been levelled by ploughing. The feature was not known to exist before being discovered through aerial photography, and was partially excavated in 1980. The Coneybury “Anomaly”, so-called due to its isolated and obscure nature, was also excavated in 1980, and contained sherds of 41 vessels of Mesolithic and Early Neolithic material. The monument group also includes two barrows, a bowl barrow (865) and a ploughed-out barrow visible only on aerial photographs (866).

4.9 Durrington Down Group 4.9.1 The Durrington Down group is located to the north of the midpoint of the Cursus, south of Larkhill, and lies close to the heart of the Neolithic and Bronze Age ceremonial landscapes that surround Stonehenge. The group contains a high density of prehistoric ritual and funerary monuments, including several barrow cemeteries. Later prehistoric and Romano-British activity is evidenced by extensive tracts of cropmark field systems.

4.9.2 The group contains a total of 24 monuments, of which 23 are round barrows of Bronze Age date. Most are of a bowl barrow type (1157, 1165, 1167, 1171, 1197, 1198, 1209, 1215, 1223, 1228, 1261, 1270, 1332, 1334, 1389, 1412), and disc (1175, 1208, 1424) saucer (1190, 1216) and pond barrows (1242) are also represented; 1212 is classified as “not sepulchral”.

4.10 Lesser Cursus and associated barrows 4.10.1 Lying approximately 750m north-west of the western end of the Stonehenge Cursus, the Lesser Cursus is a 400m long and 60m wide earthwork orientated west-south-west – east-north-east. Although its banks and ditches survived into the 20th century, ploughing since World War II has levelled it and it is now only visible as a cropmark.

4.10.2 The Neolithic Lesser Cursus (1442) has an open east-north-east end and, despite having been heavily ploughed, was still discernible in 1912. Excavations in 1983 revealed a ditch with internal bank that subsequently enlarged towards the east. The prominence of the Lesser Cursus on the

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landscape may not have been great compared to that of the much larger Stonehenge Cursus (Cleal et al. 1995, 477).

4.10.3 The group includes a total of 11 round barrows. Several barrow types are represented, including bell barrows (1583, 1523) bowl barrows (1480, 1493, 1513, 1542, 1567) 3 confluent bowl barrows (1495), a disc barrow (1527) and a saucer barrow (1469). A further, predominantly Bronze Age, barrow cemetery comprising seven barrows is arranged in an irregular east-west line to the west of the Lesser Cursus (1534).

4.11 Winterbourne Stoke Group 4.11.1 The Winterbourne Stoke group is located immediately north-east of Longbarrow Roundabout at the intersection of the A303 and the A360 and contains a high density of prehistoric ritual monuments, including a moderately preserved Neolithic long barrow and extensive Bronze Age barrow cemeteries. Later periods are represented by isolated find spots and intrusive burials.

4.11.2 The group contains a total of 33 monuments, of which 30 are round barrows. All the main types of round barrow are represented (Bowl barrows: 1468, 1508, 1512, 1514, 1522, 1556, 1559, 1566, 1578, 1586, 1592, 1594; ditched bowl barrows 1490, 1519, 1526, 1581, 1588; disc barrows 1545, 1554; bell barrows 1497, 1525, 1540; pond barrows 1524, 1551; saucer barrows 1532, 1579, 1587; unspecified barrows 1464, 1478, 1597). Two lines of round barrows run in a north-easterly direction from the long barrow, and are notable for representing a sustained period of burial activity, and for containing men, women and children. A low earthwork or mound 1582, measuring 10 metres in diameter and 0.4m high is recorded amongst the Bronze Age barrow group, and may represent a spoil heap from excavations by Colt Hoare in the early 19th century.

4.11.3 The Neolithic long barrow (1575) is orientated northeast – southwest and represents the earliest burial mound in the group. Seven inhumations and also grave goods were recovered upon excavation in 1863. It is thought that the later arrangement of the later barrow cemeteries, extending to the northeast of the long barrow, settlement and land divisions reflect the orientation of the long barrow.

4.11.4 A further group of barrows north of the Winterbourne Stoke Group (1589, 1590, 1562, 1533) may also be considered to express attributes of the OUV of the WHS.

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5 SUMMARY

5.1 Baseline resource 5.1.1 Baseline data has been collated for a Study Area extending from King Barrow Ridge in the east to Shrewton in the west and from Lake Down in the south, north as far as Robin Hood’s Ball. The boundary of the Stonehenge World Heritage Site runs through the Study Area and just under half of the Study Area lies within the designated area. The whole of the Study Area, including land within and outside the WHS, is identified as an Area of Special Archaeological Significance within the Salisbury District Local Plan.

5.1.2 The updated Stonehenge WHS Management Plan published in January 2009 includes a Statement of Significance endorsed by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee (July 2008) which sets out the Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the WHS, and identifies a series of seven attributes which contribute to the OUV of the Stonehenge WHS:

• Stonehenge itself as a globally famous and iconic monument. • The physical remains of the Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial monuments and associated sites. • The siting of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial sites and monuments in relation to the landscape. • The design of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial sites and monuments in relation to the skies and astronomy. • The siting of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial sites and monuments in relation to each other. • The disposition, physical remains and settings of the key Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary, ceremonial and other monuments and sites of the period, which together form a landscape without parallel. • The influence of the remains of Neolithic and Bronze Age funerary and ceremonial monuments and their landscape settings on architects, artists, historians, archaeologists and others.

5.1.3 There are 176 Scheduled Monuments within the Study Area, comprising 413 individual monuments. Of these, 144 Scheduled Monuments, comprising 337 individual monuments lie within the boundary of the WHS. The majority of these relate to prehistoric ritual and funerary practices. The remaining 32 Scheduled Monuments lie outside of the WHS and comprise 76 individual monuments.

5.2 Monument groups and Outstanding Universal Value 5.2.1 The following key monument groups, that could be affected by development of one or more of the proposed Scheme elements, may be identified as expressing the attributes of OUV of the Stonehenge WHS:

• Stonehenge and the Stonehenge Avenue. • The Stonehenge barrow group. • The Cursus. • Normanton Down barrow group. • The Cursus barrows. • The King Barrows.

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• Coneybury henge. • The Durrington Down barrow groups. • The Lesser Cursus and associated barrows. • The Winterbourne Stoke barrow group.

5.3 Potential impacts 5.3.1 The proposals have the potential to affect archaeological and historic environment resources within and beyond the WHS boundary, including upstanding monuments and buried remains of all periods, both scheduled and unscheduled. These include prehistoric funerary monuments, settlements and field systems forming part of an extensive and rich archaeological landscape. Potential adverse effects include direct (primary) and/or indirect (secondary) impacts resulting in the physical loss of part or all of an asset, and/or changes to its setting. Beneficial effects, both direct and indirect, could arise from the removal of existing intrusive elements, such as the current visitors’ car park at Stonehenge, decommissioning and removal of the A344 past Stonehenge, and the reconfiguration of the junction at Longbarrow Crossroads.

5.3.2 The most likely effects on buried archaeological remains arising from the construction of the Scheme would be direct damage during construction activities. Topsoil stripping operations and associated plant movements would normally result in irreversible damage to buried remains, unless these are buried particularly deeply. The creation of cuttings, service trenches, drainage channels, balancing ponds and other excavations may result in the unavoidable removal of archaeological remains. Smaller–scale ground disturbance during site clearance may also result in removal of or damage to remains. Landscaping and planting can also adversely affect the longer- term survival of buried remains, even where no direct ground disturbance is involved. Archaeological remains within the topsoil (i.e. artefactual material such as pottery and worked or burnt flint) may also be affected by these construction activities, and also by related activities such as the removal, storage and redistribution of topsoil within a development site, including filling of areas.

5.3.3 Potential impacts on buried remains could arise from the following:

• Demolition and clearance of existing structures, hedgerows and fences (existing visitor facilities at Stonehenge; A344 between Byway 12 and Stonehenge Bottom); • Construction of the new hub facilities at Stonehenge; • Construction of the main Visitor Centre building (Airman’s Corner); • Construction of access roads and paths (Airman’s Corner); • Construction of the car park and coach park (Airman’s Corner); • Construction of services and drainage (Airman’s Corner); • Construction of new roundabouts at Airman’s Corner and Longbarrow Crossroads; • Landscaping, including planting (Airman’s Corner junction, Longbarrow Crossroads); • Re-grading of the existing visitors’ car park and the A344 between Byway 12 and Stonehenge Bottom, including relocation of BT services and establishment of grassland; and • Screen planting and fencing (Coach Park).

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5.3.4 The proposals include the use of a reversible, zero-ground impact construction method to minimise any adverse impacts on buried remains wherever possible.

5.3.5 Impacts on the settings of upstanding monuments and key monument groups of OUV due to visual and noise intrusion during construction may be temporary, due to construction activities and/or construction traffic movements; or permanent, due to introduction of new built elements into the landscape.

5.3.6 The principal operational effects on the archaeological and historic environment resource would comprise the effects of visual and noise intrusion on the settings of upstanding monuments arising from movement of vehicles entering and leaving the proposed New Visitor Centre car and coach parks; and the movement of the Visitor Transit System along the route of the A344. Other operational effects include the effects of traffic, noise and light intrusion on the settings of scheduled monuments and listed buildings due to changes in traffic flow associated with use of the A303(T) and A360 to access the new Visitor Centre via the Longbarrow Crossroads and Airman’s Corner junctions; and the removal of traffic from the A344.

5.3.7 The scale and significance of the likely effects of construction and operation of the Scheme in respect of individual monuments and key monument groups expressing attributes of OUV are considered in the Environmental Statement.

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6 REFERENCES

6.1 Bibliography Balfour Beatty-Costain/Halcrow-Gifford 2003: A303 Stonehenge Improvement: Environmental Statement

Chippindale, C. 1999 Stonehenge Complete Thames & Hudson, London

Cleal, R. M. J., Walker, K. E. and Montague, R. 1995: Stonehenge in its Landscape: Twentieth Century Excavations, Swindon: English Heritage

Darvill, T. 2005 Stonehenge World Heritage Site: an archaeological research framework English Heritage and Bournemouth University

Darvill, T. 2006: Stonehenge, the Biography of a Landscape, Stroud: Tempus

English Heritage 2009 Stonehenge World Heritage Site Management Plan 2009 English Heritage on behalf of the Stonehenge World Heritage Site Committee

Field, D. 2009 Airman’s Corner, Winterbourne Stoke, Wiltshire: Investigation of Earthworks: Archaeological Survey Report English Heritage Research Department Report Series no. 40-2009 Lawson 2007 Chalkland: an archaeology of Stonehenge and its region Salisbury: Hobnob Press Leary, J. 2008 Stonehenge Environmental Improvements Project: An Archaeological desk-based Assessment of Areas V, W, X, Y and Z. English Heritage, June 2008

Linford, N. and Martin, L. March 2009 Airman’s Corner, Winterbourne Stoke, Wiltshire: Report on Geophysical Survey February-March 2009 English Heritage Research Department Report Series no. 23- 2009 McOmish, D, Field, D and Brown, G. 2002 The Field Archaeology of the Salisbury Plain Training Area English Heritage Mott MacDonald 2002 A303 Stonehenge: Historic Landscape Survey, in Balfour Beatty-Costain/Halcrow-Gifford 2003: A303 Stonehenge Improvement: Environmental Statement Parker-Pearson, M. et al 2007: ‘The Age of Stonehenge’, Antiquity 81, 617- 40 Pitts, M. 1982: ‘On the Road to Stonehenge: Report on Investigations beside the A344 in 1968, 1979 and 1980’, Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 48, 75-132 Richards, J. 2005: Stonehenge, English Heritage Guidebooks: English Heritage Salisbury District Council, 2003 Adopted Local Plan

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Smith, G. 1981: ‘Excavations in Stonehenge Car Park’, The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine 74/5, 181 Vatcher, L. and Vatcher, F. 1968 Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine 63, p108-9 Vatcher, L. and Vatcher, F. 1973: ‘Excavation of Three Post-holes in Stonehenge Car Park’, The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine 68, 57-63 Wessex Archaeology August 1998 Stonehenge Military Installations: A Desk-Based Study WA Report no. 44411

Wessex Archaeology January 2009a Stonehenge Environmental Improvements Project: Historic Environment Assessment WA Report no. 70110.01

Wessex Archaeology January 2009b Stonehenge Environmental Improvements Project: Historic Environment Assessment: Options 2c, 3a, 4a and 6 WA Report no. 70110.03

Wessex Archaeology August 2009 Airman’s Corner, Winterbourne Stoke, Wiltshire: Detailed Gradiometer Survey WA report no. 71420.01

Wessex Archaeology September 2009 Airman’s Corner, Winterbourne Stoke, Wiltshire: Archaeological Evaluation Report WA report no. 71651.01

6.2 Cartographic sources 1808 Ordnance Survey Surveyor’s Drawing No. 63 1887 Ordnance Survey 6” 1901 Ordnance Survey 6” 1926 Ordnance Survey 6” 2000 Ordnance Survey 1:10,000

6.3 Online resources http://www.magic.gov.uk http://lbonline.english-heritage.org.uk/ http://pastscape.english-heritage.org.uk/

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APPENDIX 1: GAZETTEER OF SITES

31 WA Project No. 71650 WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 823 South of Cursus CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface SM10427 Bronze Age 413830 143040 A)Ring ditch 20m diam visible on aerial photographs. B)No trace on the expression ground. C)Levelled barrow. D)Chalk mound with a ring ditch. E)Quoted aerial photograph not available; no other evidence.

824 Area of Old King Barrows LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Unknown 413800 143000 expression 828 South-east of East end of Cursus CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 413790 142990 A previously unrecorded ring ditch was located during a geophysical expression survey on the proposed visitor transportation route in 1997.

830 Among Old King Barrows CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 413780 142980 A short curving anomaly, probably an incomplete ring ditch located expression during a geophysical survey on the proposed visitor transportation route in 1997. 831 Among Old King Barrows ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10428 Bronze Age 413770 142990 A)A bowl barrow found, but not plotted by ME Cunnington in 1913. expression Plotted by Grinsell in 1950. B)No trace on the ground. C)Plotted on map, but no description. D)Visible on an aerial photograph as a ring ditch with a central pit. (SEE SU14SW685). E)A geo

832 East of Old King Barrows PIT No surface None Unknown 413770 143020 A group of at least five anomalies were revealed during a geophysical expression survey in 1997. They are likely to be responses to buried pits between 1- 2m in diameter. The shape and character of the anomalies plus their grouping and proximity to barrow SU14SW778 s

833 South of Cursus CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface SM10429 Bronze Age 413760 142920 A)Ring ditch of c.20m diameter seen on OS AP. No trace on ground. expression B)RCHM(1979) record this as a ring ditch visible on 2 OS APs. The 1991 RCHM AP survey does not record a ring ditch at this ngr looking at the same APs. 835 East of Old King Barrows CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 413750 143050 A)A dark soilmark suggestive of a pond barrow partly obscured by a expression track. Classed as an uncertain barrow. B)This barrow is not identified in the 1991 RCHM aerial photographic survey. 837 East End of Cursus LONG BARROW High Very poor WI328 Neolithic 413740 143190 A)"Mound of earth" resembling a long barrow. B)Long barrow opened by Thurnam, infant skeletons, 2 secondary skeletons, ox skull. C)ME Cunnington reported it was under cultivation. D)Side ditches ploughed. E)Eroded by a track. F)Excavated by Richards 1983

839 Among Old King Barrows ROUND BARROW Very High Good SM10446 Bronze Age 413710 142940 A bowl barrow which is partly mutilated in the SE quadrant. 842 West of Old & New King Barrows CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 413690 143010 A)Ring ditch seen on aerial photographs. B)Chalk mound and ditch. expression 844 Among Old King Barrows ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10445 Bronze Age 413650 142860 A bowl barrow with a water tank built into the top. 851 King Barrow Ridge FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 413600 142700 A flaked and polished axe fragment. expression 852 Among Old King Barrows ROUND BARROW Very High No surface SM10445 Bronze Age 413600 142820 A)Bowl barrow seen on APs. B)Can not be identified on the ground. expression C)Ring ditch and chalk outer ring. 853 North of Cursus ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10404 Bronze Age 413600 143260 Barrow circle. A)Opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation. B)A expression barrow circle shown on Crawford's 6inch map. C)Listed as destroyed, built over pre-1939. D)No trace on the ground due to the erection and subsequent removal of army buildings.

855 The Avenue FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 413590 142430 A fabricator. expression 858 Among Old King Barrows ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10445 Bronze Age 413580 142800 Bowl barrow. 862 The Avenue FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 413560 142450 A flint axe roughout. expression WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 865 King Barrow on Coneybury Hill ROUND BARROW High Good SM10322 Bronze Age 413550 141370 Bowl barrow in which Stukeley says "a very large brass weapon of 20lbs, like a poleaxe" was found in 1722:-an all bronze halberd from Leubingengen. A whetstone 12ins long is in Salisbury Museum. It was opened by Thurnam but the results not recorded.

866 North-north-east of King Barrow ROUND BARROW High Very poor SM10322 Bronze Age 413550 141420 A)Ploughed out barrow visible on aerial photographs as a circular white soilmark but there are no surveyable remains on the ground. B)Primary AP sources did not allow plotting on CAD; OS NGR accepted. C)It is visible as a ring ditch. 867 King Barrow Ridge SETTLEMENT part extant,part None Neolithic 413550 142530 A)Flint scatter identified in 1930s by surface collection. B)"Domestic" ploughed, evidence of predominantly late Neolithic date including Grooved and Peterborough Ware. Geophysics and excavation revealed Neolithicpits under an area of intense artifact collection.

868 The Avenue FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 413550 142530 A chisel. expression 872 The Avenue FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 413530 142470 A fragment of a polished flint axe re-used as a roughout for a discoidal expression knife. 873 West of Old King Barrow Unclassified Site ploughed None Modern 413530 142900 A)A soilmark about 40m long visible on aerial photographs. It is orientated N-S. B)The soil mark represents a shallow depression, possibly a marl or silage pit. Not an antiquity. 875 Coneybury Hill CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface SM10437 Bronze Age 413520 141530 A)Ring ditch with dark central spot showing as cropmark on aerial expression photographs at SU13534156. B)Ring ditch with central pit at the above NGR. C)The variation in NGRs is probably due to the lack of control points for plotting in this area. 876 The Avenue FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 413520 142480 A)A petit tranchet derivative arrowhead. B)A flint scraper. expression 877 On The Avenue FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 413520 142490 A)A flint axe roughout, unpolished and unfinished. B)A tranchet edge flint expression knife. 881 The Avenue FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 413510 142520 A petit tranchet derivative arrowhead. expression 884 North-west of West Amesbury TRACKWAY Poor None Post Medieval 413500 142250 A)Probably the old road from Amesbury to Market Lavington, revealed as a soilmark re-routed by the Duke of Queensbury c1765 to enlarge his park. Ogilby and Stukeley both show it between New King Barrows. B)Side ditches and central traffic rut is visible.

885 The Avenue FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 413500 142500 A fabricator. expression 886 King Barrow Ridge FINDSPOT No surface None Mesolithic 413500 142700 Tranchet axes, picks, cores and other flint tools recorded in Wymer as expression being found in 'Avenue Field,' King Barrow Ridge at this general ngr. A pick was also recorded at this general ngr but the site name was given as 'one mile ENE of Stonehenge accor

889 Among the Old King Barrows ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10444 Bronze Age 413490 142730 Bowl barrow. 890 West of Old King Barrows CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 413490 142800 Mound plotted by RCHM which may be the site of a round barrow. expression 891 Among New King Barrows ROUND BARROW High Good SM10447 Bronze Age 413480 142380 A bell barrow. 892 Among the Old King Barrows ROUND BARROW High Good SM10305 Bronze Age 413480 142630 A bowl barrow which is overlain on its northern half by a rubbish dump. It was excavated by Richards in 1985, TWA No W97. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 893 North of Cursus ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10405 Bronze Age 413480 143260 Pond barrow. A)Listed by Hoare. B)Barrow circle shown on Crawford's 6 expression inch map. C)Destroyed. D)Visited 10 1969, no trace on ground due to erection and subsequent removal of army buildings.

895 South of King Barrow Ridge ENCLOSURE No surface None Unknown 413460 141940 A small rectangular anomaly c.20m across, associated with a presumed expression archaeological enclosure. This feature is not similar in response to other features in the Stonehenge area and, therefore, suggest caution in interpretation. 896 Among New King Barrows ROUND BARROW High Good SM10447 Bronze Age 413460 142280 Bowl barrow. 897 Among New King Barrows ROUND BARROW High Good SM10447 Bronze Age 413460 142330 Bell barrow visited by the OS who describe it as a ditched bowl barrow.

898 South of Stonehenge Cottages SETTLEMENT No surface None Neolithic 413450 141920 A pit which contained the remains of at least three Neolithic Grooved expression Ware vessels, worked flint and animal bone was found within an evaluation trench. Also found were plant macrofossils including beans.

899 South of Stonehenge Cottages SETTLEMENT No surface None Bronze Age 413450 141920 Sherds, worked flint, stone, animal bone and plant remains were expression recovered from features including ditches, pits and post-holes located within evaluation trenches. 900 Among New King Barrows ROUND BARROW High Poor SM10465 Bronze Age 413450 142020 A bowl barrow partially excavated in advance of a water main in 1980 The barrow ditch was revealed but there weee no finds. 901 Among New King Barrows ROUND BARROW High Good SM10447 Bronze Age 413450 142110 A bowl barrow which still reatins its ditch on the western side. The OS suggest that it's a bell barrow. 902 Among New King Barrows ROUND BARROW High Good SM10447 Bronze Age 413450 142160 A bowl barrow visited by the OS who suggest that it is a bell barrow The east section of the ditch has been destroyed. 903 Among New King Barrows ROUND BARROW High Good SM10447 Bronze Age 413450 142210 Bowl barrow. 904 North-west of Coneybury Hill HENGE High No surface SM10323 Neolithic 413430 141600 Late Neolithic Class I henge excavated 1980 by Richards. Broad oval expression ditch with causeway on NE.C14 2917-2615 BC. Interanl features dated by C14 3254-2911 BC. External early Neolithic pit (C14 dates 3980- 3708 BC) approx 20m to NW of causeway and EBA pit.

905 West of New Kings Barrows FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 413420 142380 A Neolithic flint fabricator. expression 908 West of Old & New King Barrows CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 413400 142200 A levelled barrow visible as soilmark on aerial photographs. The RCHM expression NGR is accepted. 909 The Avenue LINEAR FEATURE High Good SM10390 Bronze Age 413390 142500 Originally consisted of twin parallel banks with external ditches. Only the third nearest to Stonehenge remains. The section from Stone-henge to SU12704258 is thought to be an initial phase(C14 1770bc) with the remainder added later (C14 800bc, 1070bc) 910 West of Old & New King Barrows ROUND BARROW No surface None Bronze Age 413380 142540 A)Described by the RCHM as a levelled barrow. B)This site could not be expression plotted from the primary aerial photographic source. 911 West of Old & New King Barrows CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 413370 142080 Levelled barrow visible as soilmark on aerial photographs. The site could expression not be plotted from primary source; the RCHM NGR is accepted.

912 West of Old & New King Barrows CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 413360 142150 Levelled barrow visible as a soilmark on an aerial photograph. The expression primary source not consulted; the RCHM NGR is accepted. 914 Near New King Barrows FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 413350 142180 A Neolithic axe, partly polished on the cutting edge. expression 915 West of Old & New King Barrows CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 413350 142270 A levelled barrow visible as a soilmark on aerial photographs. expression However these produced a CAD plot 10-20m N of the RCHM NGR; this NGRhas been accepted. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 916 West of Old King Barrows ROUND BARROW No surface None Bronze Age 413350 142800 A)Small circular soilmark is visible on aerial photographs. B)There is no expression trace on the ground or on newer APs. C)Two contiguous levelled barrows. D)the primary APs were not consulted, the RCHM NGR has been accepted. E)RCHM - not seen on quoted RAF AP.

917 West of Old King Barrows CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 413350 142810 A)Circular soilmark visible on APs. B)No trace on ground or on newer expression APs. C)Two contiguous levelled barrows. D)Primary APs not consulted - RCHM grid ref. accepted. E)RCHME did not see this on quoted RAF AP.

918 North of Cursus ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10245 Bronze Age 413330 143260 Bowl barrow. A)Hoare found a primary cremation. B)Almost gone. expression C)Visited by OS 10 1969, no visible remains on ground. D)Possibly indicated by slight rise in ground under grass. E)Shown as extant onOS 1924 25" map & in line with 692-3 - revised NGR

919 West of New King Barrow Wood PIT No surface None Neolithic 413320 141980 A pit containing worked flints and pottery sherds was excavated by F expression vatcher in 1967 prior to improvement of the A303 in 1967 and re- examined in 1981 by J Richards. 920 North of Cursus ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10245 Bronze Age 413320 143260 A barrow. A)Hoare found a ?primary deposit of burnt bones and ashes in expression a circular cist. B)15 paces x 1ft. C)Oval barrow. No visible remains on the ground. D)Site possibly indicated by a slight rise in ground under grass. E)Extant on OS 1924 25" map. 921 North of the Cursus SETTLEMENT No surface None Neolithic 413310 143270 A dense scatter of flintwork considered to represent a Neolithic/ Bronze expression Age occupation site, lying immediately north of and adjacent to a bowl barrow(?692), was found during 1984 by Wessex Archaeology as part of the Stonehenge Environs Project.

924 North East edge of The Cursus BARROW High N/A WILTS 744 Bronze Age 413300 143200 An irregularly-spaced linear group of Bronze Age round barrows located immediately north of the Stonehenge Cursus(SU 14 SW 42) and towards its eastern end. Some were investigated by Colt Hoare in the early 19th century. Seeindividual records for details a

925 North of Cursus ROUND BARROW High Poor SM10245 Bronze Age 413300 143260 Bowl barrow. A)Hoare found a primary cremation and a small rude urn. B)18 paces x 3.5ft. C)Bowl barrow 18m diam x 1.3m high. D)This barrow is sited slightly to the north on the OS 1901 25" map.

927 North of Avenue ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10304 Bronze Age 413280 142640 Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a possible primary inhumation of 2 adults and 2 children. There was a flat ornate bracelet on the arm of one adult. 928 South of Coneybury Hill ENCLOSURE Very poor None Later Prehistoric 413270 141270 Linear ditches: possible rectangular enclosure; length 128m, width 93m, seen on aerial photographs. 929 South of Cursus CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Unknown 413260 143040 A)A circular white soilmark possibly with a ditch visible on aerial expression photographs. It is possibly a barrow. B)Visited by the OS 10 1969, no trace on the ground. C)Listed by the RCHM. D)Not seen on the AP quoted. 930 West of the New King Barrows PIT No surface None Neolithic 413250 142040 Small feature (perhaps a post-hole) was excavated in 1968 ahead of expression electricity cable trench. No section of the feature survives but a plan shows it to have been 0.56 m diam x 0.69m deep with vertical sides. Sherds of a single vessel survive ?bowl/cup

931 North Verge of A303 East Stonehenge Unclassified Site No surface None Neolithic 413220 142030 A small pit found while road widening in 1969. It contained grooved ware expression sherds, 2 chalk plaques with geometric motifs, animal bones and an antler pick. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 932 West of the New King Barrows PIT No surface None Neolithic 413220 142040 A small pit (interpreted as a post-hole in 1968) 1.07m wide x 0.81 max expression depth containing 3 sherds of Grooved Ware, possibly belonging to a single vessel, potboilers, decayed wood, and animal bone . Excavated in 1968 ahead of an electricity pipeline 933 North of Avenue CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface SM10436 Bronze Age 413220 142700 A)A site visible on aerial photographs as a faint ring ditch. B)Only expression D1342/34 was consulted - this AP was not suitable for a CAD plot.

936 North-east of Luxenborough Plantation LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Later Prehistoric 413200 141630 Linear ditches: possible enclosure fragment visible on aerial expression photographs. 937 North of Cursus CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface SM10244 Unknown 413190 143230 A)'Rough mound, possibly a barrow'. B)Roughly circular chalk expression spread.Presumably the barrow shown on Crawford's 6inch map but impossible to determine from ground inspection. C)RCHM - chalk smear only.. 941 South West of New King Barrows LINEAR FEATURE Poor None Later Prehistoric 413170 141910 Boundary earthwork levelled by ploughing. It runs from Seven Barrows Ridge to South of Luxenborough Plantation. 943 West of Old & New King Barrows CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 413160 142630 A)A levelled barrow revealed as a soilmark on aerial photographs. expression B)D1342/37 and 1242/76 were consulted but were not suitable for a CAD plot. D1043/1/7-8 was not available; the RCHM NGR is accepted.

944 North of Cursus ROUND BARROW High Very poor SM10244 Bronze Age 413160 143240 Bowl barrow. A)Hoare says it was opened before, not by him? B)15 paces x 1ft. C)Bowl barrow 12m diam x 0.2m high when visited by the OS 10 1969. D)The only trace of this barrow is a very low mound unrecognizable as a barrow. 948 North-east of Luxenborough Plantation ENCLOSURE No surface None Later Prehistoric 413140 141510 A)A roughly trapezoidal enclosure visible as a soilmark. The aerial expression photographic source was not suitable for a CAD plot. B)Linear ditches of a possible sub-rectangular enclosure. 949 Amesbury Barrow 39 FINDSPOT No surface None Romano-British 413140 142040 A coin of Arcadius, AD388-402, and 82 sherds found by Ashbee during expression the excavation of 1960. 950 Amesbury Barrow 39 FINDSPOT No surface None Medieval (C15th) 413140 142040 10 sherds from ploughsoil, found during excavation by Ashbee in expression 1960. 951 West of New King Barrows FINDSPOT buried None Neolithic 413140 142040 Sherds of Windmill Hill, Peterborough ware and Grooved Ware incorporated into the loam core of a mound excavated by Ashbee 1960.

952 Amesbury Barrow 39 FINDSPOT No surface None Iron Age 413140 142040 Four sherds from ploughsoil and ditch loams of barrow, found during expression excavation by Ashbee in 1960. 953 West of New King Barrows ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10303 Bronze Age 413140 142040 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation with shale and amber cones and beads. Almost completely excavated by Ashbee in 1960. C14 date 1670bc+/-90. 956 South-east of Stonehenge CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 413120 141870 A ring ditch plotted by the RCHME in 1995 from aerial photographs. expression 961 North-east of Luxenborough Plantation LINEAR FEATURE Moderate None Later Prehistoric 413100 141630 Linear ditches: 2 parallel, angled ditches forming possible enclosure fragment seen as soilmarks. 963 South-east of Stonehenge CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 413090 141860 A ring ditch plotted by the RCHME in 1995 from aerial photographs. expression 968 North-east of Luxenborough Plantation CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface SM10439 Bronze Age 413060 141590 A)Possible barrow circle on Crawford's map at SU13074161. B)No trace expression on the ground. C)Shown as a 'tumulus' on 1808 2" OS map and as soilmarks visible on a RAF aerial photo. D)Not plotted from the primary sources so RCHM NGR accepted. E)NGR further south WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 970 North-east Luxenborough Plantation ROUND BARROW No surface None Bronze Age 413050 141530 A)Ploughed out round barrow visible on aerial photographs. The OS expression would appear to be incorrect in suggesting that this is Hoare's No 131 (see SU14SW888). D1341/7/26 was not a suitable source to allow a CAD plot. B)Very doubtful marks quoted on the AP.

971 South-east of Stonehenge ROUND BARROW No surface None Bronze Age 413050 141920 A round mound plotted by the RCHME in 1995 from aerial photographs expression 974 South-east of Stonehenge CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE Very poor None Bronze Age 413040 141860 A ring ditch plotted by the RCHME in 1995 from aerial photographs.

975 Within The Cursus CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 413040 143100 A possible disc barrow partly overlain by the Cursus has been plotted by expression the RCHM. 976 West of New King Barrows ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10302 Bronze Age 413020 142380 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary skeleton, a "drinking cup" (beaker?) and a bone pin. 977 Field near Stonehenge FINDSPOT ploughed None Mesolithic 413000 141800 A tranchet axe/adze, 3 bladelet cores and a flake of Portland chert.

978 Field near Stonehenge FINDSPOT ploughed None Neolithic 413000 141800 A flaked axe, 7 scrapers, 2 chopping tools, Portland chert flake and many waste flakes found in the area. Also two pot sherds. 979 South West of Stonehenge bottom FINDSPOT N/A None Neolithic 413000 142000 A Neolithic flint scraper, found east of the Stonehenge Cursus (SU 14 SW 42), is in Salisbury Museum. 980 South of The Avenue PIT N/A None Neolithic 413000 142200 Surface collection of flint implements between 1926 and 1938 recovered numerous items scattered over a wide area inthe vicinity of the Old King Barrows (SU 14 SW 112) and the Cursus (SU 14 SW 42), the most prolific area beingbetween and to the east of the

981 Luxenborough Plantation ROUND BARROW High Poor SM10320 Bronze Age 412990 141450 Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found that it had been opened previously by farmers. The OS give the wrong description of the finds.

982 Plantation SE of Stonehenge ROUND BARROW High Poor SM10319 Bronze Age 412970 141810 Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary skeleton 4ft deep in chalk; ?secondary skeleton with "a drinking cup"; skeletons of 2 infants over a cow's skull; and a secondary cremation.

984 Plantation SE of Stonehenge ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10319 Bronze Age 412950 141840 Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation with a bronze dagger; he also suspected that it had been opened before. Grinsell found a flint knife on the surface. There are traces of a ditch.

985 West of New King Barrow ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10435 Bronze Age 412950 142480 A)Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found 2 skeletons which had been expression previously disturbed. B)Not visible on the ground. C)Primary aerial photographic sources not consulted. D)Cropmark of a ring ditch appears on APs. This NGR accepted.

986 Plantation SE of Stonehenge ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10319 Bronze Age 412940 141860 A bowl barrow. The ditch is only visible on the N side. Hoare notes that it had been opened previously. 990 West of King Barrows FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 412900 142000 A Late Neolithic discoidal knife found near The King Barrows; the NGR expression is, therefore, almost certainly inaccurate. 991 West of King Barrows FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 412900 142500 A Late Neolithic discoidal knife. expression 995 Stonehenge Bottom TRACKWAY Poor None Post Medieval 412870 142000 Linear features, possibly multiple trackways visible on aerial photographs. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 996 North of The Cursus ROUND BARROW No surface None Bronze Age 412870 143560 A)Pond barrow? A depression is noted on early OS 6inch map at this expression site. B)Visited by the OS 6 1969, no trace. C)Not metnioned by Hoare The only reference is the 1926 OS map. Not included by the RCHM. D)Shown on OS 1901 & 1924 25" maps as a pit.

1002 Stonehenge Bottom FINDSPOT No surface None Prehistoric 412840 142060 Four undiagnostic flint flakes, one broken, found in test pit 3 during the expression observation of the crash barriers by AC Archaeology in 1991.

1003 Between The Cursus and The Avenue CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 412840 142760 Small ring ditch. expression 1004 North of Larkhill Sewage Works PRACTICE TRENCH N/A None Modern 412840 143500 Early twentieth century practice trenches, slit trenches and land mine pits associated with military training at Larkhillare visible as earthworks and cropmarks on aerial photographs. 1005 North-east of Stonehenge CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 412810 142470 A)A small circle shown on Crawford 6 ins map. A possible barrow. B)No expression trace on the ground. C)RCHM - not seen. 1006 North of The Cursus ROUND BARROW No surface None Bronze Age 412810 143300 A)Pond barrow? On early OS 6inch map a depression is noted at this expression site. B)Visited by the OS 6 1969, no trace. C)Not an antiquity. The only reference is the 1926 OS map. Not included by the RCHM. D)Shown on the OS 1901 and 1924 25" maps as a pit.

1007 Southern end of Stonehenge Bottom DITCH N/A None Neolithic 412800 142200 Two Neolithic pits recorded during construction of a cable trench. They were 30 metres apart. Finds included charcoal,Grooved Ware sherds and animal bone. Early-Middle Neolithic pottery was also found. Two undated ditches werealso found.

1008 North of The Cursus ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10403 Bronze Age 412800 143400 A)Bowl barrow opened by W Cunnington who found burnt bones. B)Now expression destroyed. C)Visited by the OS in 6 1969 when there were no visible remains. D)Shown as extant on the OS 1924 25" map.

1010 North of The Cursus ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10403 Bronze Age 412770 143420 A)Bowl barrow opened by W Cunnington who found burnt bones. B)Now expression destroyed. C)Visited by the OS in 6 1969 when there were no visible remains. D)Shown as extant on the OS 1924 25" map.

1011 North of The Cursus ROUND BARROW No surface None Bronze Age 412730 143390 A)Pond barrow? A depression is noted on the early OS MAP. B)Site expression visited by the OS 6 1969, no trace. C)Not mentioned by the RCHM. The only reference is the 1926 OS map. Not included by the RCHM. D)Shown on OS 1901 & 1924 25" maps as a pit. 1012 Durrington Down Farm PRACTICE TRENCH Good None Modern 412720 143420 Areas of intense military trenching identified by RCHM. 1014 North West of Stonehenge Bottom FIELDWORK N/A None Modern 412700 142850 An area of early twentieth century fieldworks, probably associated with military training at Larkhill, visible on aerialphotographs taken in the early 1920s. The fieldworks appear to have been temporary structures, comprising enclosuresdefined by sinuous

1016 Durrington Down FINDSPOT No surface None Medieval (C15th) 412670 143440 Finely-dressed architectural stonework, probably from the Chilmark expression quarries, was found in modern deep, rubble-filled soak-away drains. Column and pillar bases, capitals in both square and rounded forms, narrow pillars, cable and other mouldings etc

1017 Durrington Down FINDSPOT No surface None Bronze Age 412670 143440 A small collection of 140 pieces of struck flint, consisting almost entirely expression of flakes, with virtually no trace of blade technology. Two cores of irregular multiplatform type and one retouched scraper. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1020 250yds North-west of Cursus ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10402 Bronze Age 412620 143340 Bowl barrow. A)Opened by Hoare who found burnt bones. B)Site of a expression bowl barrow. C)NGR corrected from VCH. Visited by the OS 6 1969 no trace in area of modern agricultural buildings.

1021 South -east of Stonehenge ROUND BARROW High Poor SM10318 Bronze Age 412600 141550 A ditched bowl barrow with a ditch that is traceable around all but the north quadrant. 1022 South-east of Stonehenge on FINDSPOT No surface None Bronze Age 412600 141900 A decorated flanged bronze axe of Irish type found in 1952 while digging Stonehenge D expression a trench. 1026 To North West of Stonehenge LINEAR FEATURE Poor None Unknown 412560 142510 Boundary earthwork running NE-SW for 1.1km. Excavation at it's closest point to the Avenue showed it to be a small (0.5m deep) feature. Ditch terminal at SU12184230 indicates a deliberate break here. It isa V- profile stockade trench. See also SU14SW558

1030 North of Cursus ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10240 Bronze Age 412510 143570 Bowl barrow. A)Opened by W Cunnington who found burnt bones. expression B)Destroyed. C)No visible remains. D)Shown on the OS 1924 25" map as extant and abutting SU14SW672 also shown as such on Hoare's map. 1031 North of Cursus ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10240 Bronze Age 412510 143590 Bowl barrow. A)Not investigated by Hoare. B)Listed as destroyed expression though visible as a very low mound in 1913. C)NGR amended from VCH to match SU14SW672 and 675 more closely. D)No visible remains.

1032 North of Cursus ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10240 Bronze Age 412500 143570 A)Bowl barrow opened Cunnington who found burnt bones. expression B)"Destroyed" C)Visited by the OS in 1969 who also say destroyed. Buildings stood on the site. D)Shown on the OS 1924 25" map as extant and abutting SU14SW675, also shown as such on Hoare's map.

1038 East of Stonehenge ROUND BARROW High Good SM10371 Bronze Age 412420 142170 A bell barrow was opened by Hoare, who found a cremation with bone tweezers beneath an urn. Fragments of bluestone were also found in the mound. 1041 North of Cursus ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10315 Bronze Age 412400 143610 A)Bowl barrow excavated by Hoare who found a primary skeleton and a expression beaker, a secondary cremation in a collared urn, charred wood, antlers and flint. B)Destroyed. Wrong NGR. C)Visited by the OS in June 1969, no visible remains. 1042 Durrington Down FINDSPOT None Romano-British 412400 143750 A)Much pottery including Samian found east of SU14SW676, and north of SU14SW674 on both sides of track pre-1931. Alleged habitation site. B)Listed by Grinsell. C)Visited by the OS 6 1969 - no visible RB debris in arable. D)Listed by the RCHM as above 1044 The Cursus CURSUS High Moderate SM10324 Neolithic 412390 143040 A)Neolithic cursus probably dating to the 1st half of 4th millenium BC, an earth "enclosure" with a bank and outer ditch surviving. Partial excavations carried out by B)Stone 1947, C)Christie 1959, and A)Richards 1983. D)Geophysical Surveys on three area 1045 South-east of Stonehenge Unclassified Site No surface None Unknown 412370 142060 A depression seen on aerial photogaphs measuring 5ft diam, 150yds SE expression of Aubrey Hole No13. There is a suggestion that it was excavated by the Vatchers in APRIL 1971. Surveyed by Newman (and Atkinson?) in 1973.

1047 Fargo Road MILITARY TRAINING SITE No surface None Post Medieval 412360 143760 Area of military activity identified by RCHM. expression 1050 Larkhill BURIAL Good None Bronze Age 412330 142760 A flat, oval grave found in 1939 containing a crouched skeleton with one plain and one decorated beaker, found at this NGR or at SU12334300. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1053 East of Stonehenge CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Unknown 412310 142210 A possible ring ditch measuring about 10m diameter is visible on an early expression aerial photograph. The OS could find no trace on the ground and they say that it may have been a fungus ring. 1056 North of Stonehenge Triangle STAKE HOLE N/A None Iron Age 412300 142300 Exvavations in 1979 on the site of the public conveniences in the visitors car park at Stonehenge uncovered 38stakeholes. Flint debitage comprising a primary flake, 21 secondary flakes and other items, tentatively dated to theNeolithic, were also found. 1057 Milestone opposite Stonehenge MILESTONE High Extant Grade II Post Medieval 412296 142263 Milestone. Late C18. Limestone, relocated on north side of road. A rectangular shaft with worn top. Inscription reading: LXXX / Miles from / LONDON / II from / Amesbury. Earlier inscription now upside-down on bottom of front, reading AMESBURY. 1058 North-east of Stonehenge CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Unknown 412290 142300 A large circular feature (probably 60/70m diam) is visible on an early expression aerial photograph. The site was visited by the OS 6 1969. No trace on the ground and they say that it may have been a fungus ring

1059 North and North-east of Stonehenge TRACKWAY Moderate None Post Medieval 412290 142640 Earthworks of a road (apparently unfinished) probably dating to the mid- late 18th century. 1063 In Ditch of Stonehenge BURIAL Moderate None Bronze Age 412270 142240 A crouched inhumation of a young male in a grave cut into the ditch fill. Grave goods consisted of three barbed and tanged arrowheads and a stone wristguard. 1064 North of Fargo Road ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10406 Bronze Age 412270 143770 Bowl barrow. A)Tumulus marked on an OS map. B)Bowl barrow was 60ft expression diam x 3ft high. Southern part cut by road. C)Visited by the OS 6 in 1969, slight rise in ground level but no surveyable remains.

1066 South Part of Stonehenge Vallum ROUND BARROW High Poor WI290 Bronze Age 412260 142150 A possible bowl barrow opened by Hoare "with no result". Opened by W Hawley, who found a stone-hole with a ramp in the centre. The surrounding ditch cut through two of the Aubrey Holes.

1067 South of The Cursus PRACTICE TRENCH N/A None Modern 412260 142900 A small complex of early twentieth century practice trenches, visible as earthworks and cropmarks on aerialphotographs. Photographs taken in 1921 show that, by that date, the trenches were disused and had been used as a landmine practice site. 1068 Larkhill Camp BURIAL No surface None Bronze Age 412260 143440 A)Crouched skeleton and 2 'B' beakers found in oval grave during expression drainage work c1939. B)Erroneously listed under Amesbury parish by LVG. C)Visited by OS 11 1970. NGR given variously as SU123436 or SU12314271 - a discrepancy of 900m. Site ploughed.

1070 Stonehenge BURIAL No surface None Romano-British 412250 142200 Inhumation in a grave made by joining two post-holes. Also probable RB expression bronze brooch. 1071 Stonehenge FINDSPOT No surface None Iron Age 412250 142200 Sherds found in the 'Y' and 'Z' holes at times from 1919 to 1954. expression 1073 Stonehenge STONE CIRCLE High Good SM10390 Bronze Age 412240 142180 Phase 2 of the classic henge monument. Appears to be contemporary with The Avenue which has C14 dates of 1728bc+/-68 and 1770bc+/-100 Events include:- 4 Station Stones, reconstruction of entrance, incomplete erection of double circle of bluestones Aubre

1074 Stonehenge STONE CIRCLE High Good SM10390 Bronze Age 412240 142180 Phases 3a,b,c of the classic henge. C14 dates indicate a span from 1720bc+/-150 to 1240bc+/-105. Events include the erection of the sarsen and bluestone structures. The history is complex and the student is directed to RCHM 1979 & PPS 48, 75-132 WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1075 Sto.nehenge & Heelstone at HENGE High Good SM10390 Neolithic 412240 142180 Phase 1 of the classic henge. A)Earliest C14 date from primary ditch SU12304224 silts, 2460bc+/- 60. B)Events include:- bank and ditch, Heel Stone, 56 Aubrey Holes and the Neolithic cremations within these holes.

1076 Stonehenge BURIAL High No surface SM10390 Neolithic 412240 142200 A)Late Neolithic cremations inserted into many of the filled-in Aubrey expression Holes, the ditch silts and bank material. Associated finds include a cushion type macehead and Late Neolithic bone pins. One cremation produced a C14 date of 1848bc+/-275. 1077 South of Fargo Road ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10242 Bronze Age 412240 143590 Bowl barrow. A)Hoare found a primary inhumation in a cist and a expression secondary skeleton with urn fragments, burnt bones and antlers. B)30 paces diameter x 3ft high. C)Spread mound 0.2m high. D)Mound unrecognizable as a barrow in trackway between fields.

1080 North Part of Stonehenge Vallum ROUND BARROW High Moderate WI290 Bronze Age 412230 142230 A possible saucer barrow opened by Hoare who found a cremation. He thought it earlier than the Stonehenge Vallum; this would make it 3rd millenium bc. A short length of bank and internal ditch exists though damaged. 1084 STATION STONES RING DITCH High N/A WILTS 290 Later Neolithic 412210 142160 Four sarsen stones at Stonehenge placed inside the internal bank of the henge, roughly on the line of the Aubrey Holes(see SU 14 SW 4 for Stonehenge). Two, known as the North Barrow and South Barrow, are surrounded by circularditches, which gave rise to s

1085 Durrington Down ROUND BARROW High Poor SM10238 Bronze Age 412210 143650 Bowl barrow. A)Hoare found 2 skeletons (1 was primary), pottery, a drinking cup, pieces of antler and 2 knives. B)17 paces diameter x 5ft high. C)1.2m high. D)14m x 2m, there appears to be a ditch c.3m wide.

1090 Near Stonehenge FINDSPOT No surface None Bronze Age 412200 142200 A barbed and tanged arrowhead. expression 1092 North of Normanton Down Group Unclassified Site Poor None Unknown 412190 141610 Curvilinear and linear features visible on Aerial Photographs. 1095 Stonehenge Outside Ditch East of path FINDSPOT No surface None Bronze Age 412180 142230 A barbed and tanged arrowhead with one barb broken off. Lenght c26mm expression long x 23mm wide. 1098 North-west of Stonehenge BURIAL No surface None Bronze Age 412170 142300 A crouched inhumation found during excavation of the Stonehenge expression underpass in 1968. Cut into SU14SW61K after the decay of its posts. Apparently sealed by the turf lines; finds suggest LBA and RB dates.The inhumation is therefore possibly MBA.

1099 North of Stonehenge Triangle PIT N/A None Mesolithic 412170 142360 A pit of Mesolithic date encountered during excvations in the car park at Stonehenge in 1988-9. The feature appears tohave been dug initially as a post pit, similar to features excavated further to the west in the 1960s (SU 14 SW 156). Thefill and profile 1100 Durrington Down ROUND BARROW High Very poor SM10239 Bronze Age 412170 143360 Bowl barrow. A)Hoare found a ?primary cremation on the floor of the barrow. Beneath it was a deep cist full of ashes and burnt bone. B)12 paces diam x 0.4m high. C)Visited by the OS in 6 1969.

1101 Durrington Down CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface SM10401 Bronze Age 412170 143710 A chalk ring: presumed remains of destroyed round barrow. expression 1107 North-west of Stonehenge FINDSPOT No surface None Bronze Age 412160 142300 Sherds of "LBA type" found during excavation of the underpass in expression 1968. They were in the lower of three turf layers sealing the ditch of the boundary earthwork SU14SW61K. 1108 North-west of Stonehenge FINDSPOT No surface None Romano-British 412160 142300 Sherds of Romano-British pottery found in uppermost of three turf expression layers in the ditch of boundary earthwork (SU14SW61K) during excavations in 1968 for the Stonehenge underpass. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1109 Durrington Down ROUND BARROW High Very poor SM10239 Bronze Age 412160 143340 Bowl barrow. A)Hoare found a primary cremation under an inverted ornamental urn. B)15 paces diam x 1ft high. C)Visited by the OS 6.1969. 1110 Durrington Down ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10238 Bronze Age 412160 143630 Bowl barrow. A)It originally contained an interment of burned bones, and expression had been opened previously. B)An aerial photograph suggests it was a saucer barrow. C)No trace of this barrow. It has been completely ploughed away. 1112 West of Durrington Farm BARROW High N/A SM10238 Bronze Age 412150 143570 A Bronze Age barrow cemetery comprising four bowl barrows and two saucer barrows. All were examined in the early19th century by Colt Hoare and most survive as earthworks. See individual monument records for specific detailsabout each barrow.

1113 Durrington Down ROUND BARROW High Very poor SM10239 Bronze Age 412140 143320 A)Bowl barrow. Hoare found a primary ?crouched skeleton in a long circular cist. B)16 paces x 1ft high. C)Visited by the OS in 1969.

1114 Durrington Down ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10238 Bronze Age 412140 143590 Bowl barrow. A)Hoare found an empty cist and a hole filled with ashes. expression The barrow had been previously disturbed. B)15 paces diam; measured from an aerial photograph. Now destroyed?. C)Visited by the OS 10 1969 when it had been ploughed but visible.

1116 North of the Cursus ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10238 Bronze Age 412130 143530 Saucer barrow 1118 Durrington Down PRACTICE TRENCH No surface None Post Medieval 412120 143350 Area of military trenches plotted by RCHM. expression 1119 North of the Cursus ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10238 Bronze Age 412110 143560 Saucer barrow. A)Hoare found a primary cremation and fragments of an expression urn in a circular cist. B)Destroyed saucer barrow. C)Visited by the OS in 10 1969, a vaguely discernable amorphous mound.

1130 West of Stonehenge ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10368 Bronze Age 412070 142110 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare "without result". Badly damaged, a few vague undulations are all that remain. 1131 North-west of Stonehenge Unclassified Site No surface None Mesolithic 412070 142370 Three large postholes (approx 2m diam x 1.5m deep) found during the expression extension of the carpark at Stonehenge. Clear post pipes were visible. C14 7180bc+/-180 and 6140bc+/-140 suggests a Mesolithic date.

1134 West of Stonehenge ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10368 Bronze Age 412050 142140 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found ?primary inhumation. The barrow had been previously disturbed. 1138 Public Convenience Site In Car Park Unclassified Site No surface None Neolithic 412040 142390 Excavation by DOE Central Unit (1979) revealed 38 stakeholes, also expression flint debitage consisting of 1 primary flake, 21 secondary flakes and others. ?Neolithic. 1139 Among The Cursus Group ROUND BARROW High Good SM10452 Bronze Age 412030 142770 A bell barrow opened by Lord Pembroke in 1722. No record. 1142 South-west of Stonehenge ROUND BARROW High Poor SM10368 Bronze Age 412020 142100 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare "without result". 1144 South-west of Stonehenge ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10370 Bronze Age 412010 141980 A)An oval, twin disc barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation in one of the mounds (not stated which). 1145 South West of Stonehenge FINDSPOT N/A None Neolithic 412000 142000 A polished stone axe of Neolithic date, probably of jadeite, was reportedly found in a barrow near Stonehenge. Thereare no details as to which barrow it came from. Initially recorded as being in Manchester Museum, the recorded detailsseem to fit an axe no

1146 South-west of Stonehenge FINDSPOT unknown None Mesolithic 412000 142100 One tranchet axe or adze. (Estimated ngr only) 1147 South-west of Stonehenge ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10368 Bronze Age 412000 142120 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare who said that the interment in an oblong cist had previously been removed. He thought it might have been by "Lord Pembroke or Dr Stukely". WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1156 Durrington Down Unclassified Site Very poor None Unknown 411980 143380 A)Doubtful and much spread barrow. B)Doubtful ?bowl barrow, recently ploughed - 0.5m high. Soil composition similar to the field and it has an irregular shape. C)Could not be located. D)In 1991 trenches dug across site by Wessex Arch - nothing found. 1158 South-west of Stonehenge ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10368 Bronze Age 411970 142080 A bowl barrow visited by Hoare, who said it was "injured by rabbits"however, WAM 38 says it was opened by Hoare in 1802 with no result. 1159 Among The Cursus Group ROUND BARROW High Good SM10452 Bronze Age 411970 142780 A twin bell barrow opened by Stukeley and by Cunnington. West mound contained a skeleton (1722/3) and a cremation in a cist (1803). The East mound (1722/3) contained a cremation in an urn, bronze knife & an awl, amber and shale beads, amber disc. 1164 West of Stonehenge Unclassified Site High Very poor SM10369 Neolithic 411930 142160 A)"Long barrow" opened by Hoare who found "nothing". B)The mound has been much reduced. C)RCHM no longer consider this to be a long barrow. 1166 North East end of Stonehenge Down ROAD N/A None Post Medieval 411920 142300 Earthworks remains of an unfinished road, probably of mid-18th century origin. They comprise a markedly straightalignment orientated north-west to south-east in two sections, defined for the most part by twin parallel banks. Thenorth-west section survives

1172 South of The Cursus CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Unknown 411890 142900 A)A circle about 30m diameter may be a barrow. B)No indication on the expression ground. C)Later aerial photographs show a circular mark at SU11894290. D)RCHM - the mark on Crawford photo only - not a barrow.

1174 South-west of Stonehenge ROUND BARROW High Very poor SM10389 Bronze Age 411880 142080 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation in a cist with a dagger and an awl; above the cist was a piece of bluestone. There was also a (?)secondary burial of 2 skeletons with an antler and sarsen chips. 1178 Stonehenge Down ENCLOSURE Very poor None Unknown 411860 141640 A probable enclosure levelled by ploughing. D-shaped with rounded corners enclosing c3 acres. No clear bank. Fieldwork by the OS produced no finds. E/RC8 CM 123 aerial photograph reveals a possible internal circular feature. 1179 Among The Cursus Group ROUND BARROW High Good SM10342 Bronze Age 411860 142780 A bell barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation close to a pit full of ashes and a few bits burnt bone. 1180 South of The Cursus FIRING RANGE N/A None Modern 411860 142860 An early twentieth century pistol range, associated with military training at Larkhill, was constructed between a groupof round barrows and the southern bank of the Stonehenge cursus. The site comprises short linear banks and two smallstructures, and is v

1186 East of Normanton Gorge ENCLOSURE Very poor None Unknown 411850 141410 A)Possible double-ditched enclosure. Irregular triangular shape faintly visible on aerial photographs. B)Visited by the OS 7 1970, no trace on the ground. C)It does not appear on any APs held at WCC. D)RCHM - not seen on the RAF APs. 1201 Durrington Down ROUND BARROW High Very poor SM10399 Bronze Age 411810 143550 Bowl barrow. A)18 paces diam x 1.5ft high, on arable in 1950. B)0.4m high x 21m diameter. C)No trace found, has been under arable for many years. D)Worked flint concentration was found during fieldwork in 1991. 1206 South of Cursus Unclassified Site No surface None Unknown 411800 142660 A semi-circular feature visible on an aerial photograph. Primary source expression not consulted. Existing NGR has been provisionally accepted.

1207 Among The Cursus Group ROUND BARROW High Good SM10342 Bronze Age 411800 142780 A bell barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation and a two-riveted knife-dagger. The barrow has a sloping berm. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1218 West of Stonehenge Triangle FINDSPOT N/A None Later Neolithic 411770 142130 A palisade ditch of probable Late Neolithic date which runs in a southwest to north-east direction to the west andnorth of Stonehenge (SU 14 SW 4). It has been examined by excavation at three points along its course (in 1953, 1967and 1978). It appears to

1219 Among The Cursus Group ROUND BARROW High Good SM10342 Bronze Age 411770 142780 A bell barrow with a raised berm. Opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation. A sherd of a collared urn ?from here, found in 1957 by BG Hopkins. 1226 South of Cursus Group CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 411740 142540 A)Probable barrow with slight indications of a ditch at SU11764254. expression B)Not plotted from primary source, RCHM NGR accepted. C)Ring ditch seen as cropmark on RAF aerial photographs.

1231 Among The Cursus Group ROUND BARROW High Poor SM10342 Bronze Age 411700 142790 A bowl(?) barrow with ditch and outer bank. The absence of any moundsuggests that it may be a disc barrow. Opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation with amber, stone and faience beads. Sherd of a collared urn from here(?), found 1957 by B Hopkins

1235 Fargo Road ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10408 Bronze Age 411680 143820 Disc barrow. A)Hoare found a large urn but no interment. B)Central tump expression so vague it could be a suacer barrow. C)Very merged suggesting saucer. D)Low undulation might be a barrow. E)Oval; ring ditch N of road, chalky outer ring visible S of road. 1239 South of The Cursus ROUND BARROW No surface None Bronze Age 411660 142650 Possible bowl barrow found by RS Newell. Visited by the OS 1 1971, no expression remains visible. No aerial photographic source quated of VCH NGR accepted. 1243 West of Stonehenge Triangle DITCH N/A None Unknown 411630 142000 Ditches of unknown date, visible as cropmarks on aerial photographs.

1244 Normanton Down CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Prehistoric 411620 141360 A)A circular ring ditch visible on aerial photographs. B)No trace on the expression ground. C)Not plotted from the source, the OS NGR is accepted. D)RCHM - not seen on the quoted aerial photographs. 1245 South of Durrington Down Unclassified Site ploughed None Post Medieval 411600 143680 Circular cropmark showing up clearly on aerial photographa. Research shows this to be a pond on 6" 1887 map associated with farm buildings to the north 1251 North of Normanton Gorse ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10312 Bronze Age 411560 141820 A bowl barrow of which there are now no surface traces. It may once expression have contained the "Stonehenge Urn" (probably the largest barrel urn in Britain). However, it may have been found in one of 5 very small barrows nearby. 1253 Among Normanton Group ROUND BARROW High Poor SM10317 Bronze Age 411550 141310 A)Disc barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation with beads of amber, shale and (?) glass. B)Evidence of insertion of a 20th century Druid cremation. C)Visited by the OS 11 1970 - a very good example. 1256 North of Normanton Gorse LONG BARROW High Moderate SM10313 Neolithic 411540 141750 Long barrow orientated SSE-NN. A)Opened by Hoare with "no result". B)Thurnam found 3 primary inhumations and 2 crouched secondary burials. 1257 North of Normanton Gorse ROUND BARROW High Good SM10312 Bronze Age 411540 141820 A)Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a (?)primary cremation in a wooden box on the original ground level. 1258 North of Normanton Gorse ROUND BARROW High Good SM10312 Bronze Age 411540 141850 A)Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a (?)primary cremation.

1259 In the Cursus Group CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface SM10341 Prehistoric 411540 142770 A)A ring ditch visible as a soilmark at SU11534276. B)Primary expression aerialphotograph sources not consulted (9/02/91) RCHM NGR accepted. C)Very small ring ditch with a central pit. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1260 South of The Cursus ROUND BARROW High Poor SM10341 Bronze Age 411520 142780 A)A bowl barrow opened before Hoare. B)A rough flint pick was found on the surface. C)A ring ditch around a surviving platform.

1266 North of Normanton Gorse ROUND BARROW High Good SM10314 Bronze Age 411500 141600 Bell barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary skeleton on an elm plank, grooved dagger in a wooden box, a crushed decorated drinking cup, antler, three "poles" from the burial to the top of the barrow. Visited by the OS 7 1970, in good condition. 1272 South of The Cursus ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10340 Bronze Age 411470 142670 A)A bowl barrow opened by Hoare "without result". B)This may be the barrow from which Cunnington Senior found a small plain food vessel. C)A ring ditch around surviving inner platform. 1278 Through Normanton Gorse To Wilsford LINEAR FEATURE High Poor SM10492 Bronze Age 411460 141710 One element of a complex of linear features which may have BA origin(eg see SU14SW968). Mostly levelled by ploughing. At SU11154120 two short parallel lengths of ditch join it - no evidence of a gap. Excavation revealed 2 sherds of beaker pottery.

1280 Normanton Gorse ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10469 Bronze Age 411440 141340 A)Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary adult male burial expression with a beaker near its right hand and 2 secondary inhumations (one with a beaker). B)Visited by the OS 11 1970, "gone". It would have been in the corner of the garden. SEE SU14SWU58.

1281 South of The Cursus ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10339 Bronze Age 411430 142730 Barrow with a causewayed ditch opened by Cunnington in 1803/5. He found 3 burials, 2 with beakers, with one of these covered by a wooden mortuary house. Ashbee (1960) found 2 other burials and suggests that Cunnington mixed his beakers up.

1287 Normanton Gorse ROUND BARROW High Poor SM10316 Bronze Age 411410 141470 A)Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation, a bone pin and fragments of an incense cup. B)Visited by the OS 11 1970.

1294 Normanton Gorse ROUND BARROW High Poor SM10316 Bronze Age 411380 141410 A)Disc barrow opened by Hoare who found it had previously been opened. B)Visited by the OS 11 1970, under dense vegetation.

1295 East of Fargo Plantation CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 411380 143270 A)Barrow circle shown by Crawford. B)Nothing visible on the ground. expression C)Levelled barrow with an outer bank - soilmark seen by the RCHM. D)Not seen on aerial photographs. 1298 Among The Cursus Barrows BARROW High N/A WILTS 065K Bronze Age 411350 142740 A Bronze Age round barrow cemetery located near the southern end of Fargo Plantation and south of the western endof the Cursus (SU 14 SW 42). The cemetery comprises five bowl barrows, listed by Grinsell as Amesbury 49 to 53, allof which were examined by C

1301 Heweston Memorial Memorial Extant None Modern 411330 142600 Site:117650*0 Memorial marking the death of Maj. A.W. Hewetson, RFA, who was killed on 17th July 1913 when he crashed in a Bristol Coanda monoplane, on the airfield a Larkhill during the test for his aviator's certificate. The exact position where his pla

1302 North of Normanton Gorse CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Unknown 411320 141770 A)Mound of possible barrow visible on aerial photographs. B)Visited by expression the OS 7 1970, who could find no trace on the ground. C)RCHM say part of a narrow circular ditch though admit the evidence is incertain. D)RCHM - not seen on the RAF AP. 1305 South of The Cursus ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10338 Bronze Age 411300 142740 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1308 West of Stonehenge Triangle DISC BARROW N/A None Bronze Age 411260 141930 Bronze Age barrow, possibly a disc barrow, listed by Grinsell as Amesbury 11A. Apparently located to the west ofStonehenge, its precise position is uncertain. There are no indications of its whereabouts on the ground or on aerialphotographs at any of the

1310 Normanton Down FINDSPOT None Saxon 411250 141300 Split socketed iron spearhead of Swanton type 2. 1311 West of Stonehenge CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface SM10442 Bronze Age 411250 142170 A)A circular feature visible on aerial photoraphs. B)Primary AP sources expression could not be consulted, so existing NGR had to be accepted. C)See also record SU14SWU01 referring to a barrow to south identified by Hoare.

1312 Fargo Plantation HENGE High No surface SM10363 Bronze Age 411250 142800 Mini-henge excavated by Stone in 1937. The ditch is interrupted by two expression causeways, and encloses a roughly rectangular grave which contained a burial with a late stage beaker, also 2 cremations.

1313 Fargo Plantation FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 411250 142800 A fragment from the rim of a Peterborough ware vessel found in the expression upper fill of the henge ditch SU14SW162. 1314 Fargo Plantation ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10337 Bronze Age 411230 142730 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare "without result". 1315 West of The Cursus INDUSTRIAL SITE Moderate None Modern 411230 143940 The course of a former World War I military railway was revealed in Trench 503 and 512 of an evaluation in 1998. It ws aligned approximately south-west to north-east with ditches c5.75m apart. Numerous examples of modern material, ie slag, clinker, glass

1317 East of Fargo Plantatdon FIELD SYSTEM No surface None Later Prehistoric 411220 143380 A)Ploughed out field system seen on an aerial photograph. B)See also expression RCHM survey. C)Confirmed by a fieldwork survey in 1992.

1318 Celtic Field System None Later Prehistoric 411200 143300 Site:117617*0 'Celtic' fields, almost entirely flattened by ploughing, are visible on air photographs around the north fringes of Fargo Plantation. On the west side of the plantation the fields appear to have been laid out over the east end of the Lesser

1320 Fargo Plantation ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10335 Bronze Age 411170 142830 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare. He found a primary inhumation with a beaker, flint dagger, stone object. 2 secondary inhumations, 1 with amber and faience beads and a "basin". The other had a beaker and had been opened before. 1321 East of Fargo Wood Ii SETTLEMENT No surface None Bronze Age 411170 143180 A)Surface collection in 1980/1 suggested Bronze Age activity in the area. expression Scatter defined as area 50m x 50m sampled by excavation in 1982. Site interpretted as a Late BA settlement including hearths, possible ovens and a posthole. 1322 North-east of Fargo Plantation Unclassified Site No surface None Unknown 411170 143730 Large banked circular feature, possibly modern in origin. expression 1327 Fargo Plantation CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High Very poor SM10367 Prehistoric 411140 142690 A ring ditch noted by the RCHM in Fargo Plantation, no sources are quoted so the RCHM NGR is accepted. 1329 North-west of Normanton Gorse ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10477 Bronze Age 411110 141620 A)Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary skeleton with a expression beaker and antlers. B)Re-excavation in 1960 revealed 7 burials and that the original grave contained 2 skeletons and a cremation. One of the 7 burials had a slate (?) copy of a flat axe 1330 East of Fargo Wood FINDSPOT ploughed None Neolithic 411100 143350 A)Surface collection in 1980/1 located dense flint scatter of probable Early Neolithic date. Two sample transects were excavated in 1982 producing pottery as wall as worked flint. No trace of field bank apparent on surface was seen in Trench A. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1331 East of Fargo Wood I FINDSPOT ploughed None Bronze Age 411100 143350 A)A detailed surface scatter carried out in 1982, produced beaker pottery and flint after an initial surface collection found an extensive Neolithic flint scatter (see 10R). Two excavation trenchesincluded pottery of Neo to Later Bronze Age date. 1333 Monarch of the Plain ROUND BARROW Very High Good SM10336 Bronze Age 411080 142750 A bell barrow opened by Hoare who found charcoal but no interment. A sloping raised berm. 1340 On West End of The Cursus ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10324 Bronze Age 411050 142910 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary skeleton with a three riveted bronze dagger and a polished pebble. Also a secondary skeleton of a child, and an adult with a "drinking cup".

1342 Southern end of Fargo Plantation BUILDING Medium Destroyed None Modern 411040 142660 Royal Naval Air Service Handley Page hangars were built during World War I to house Handley Page bombers. 1345 South-west of Cursus CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE Very poor None Unknown 411020 142740 A)A small circle shown on Crawford map, annotated No 41. A possible barrow. B)No trace on the ground or OS + RAF aerial photograph. C)Primary source not consulted, OS NGR accepted. D)Not seen on the aerial photographs. 1346 North of Fargo Plantation FIELD SYSTEM No surface None Later Prehistoric 411020 143500 A field system, flattened by ploughing. It seems to overlie the east end of expression the Lesser Cursus. 1349 On West End of Cursus Unclassified Site Very High No surface None Later Prehistoric 411010 142920 A small hollow/pit cut by the ditch of barrow SU14SW738; it yielded pine expression charcoal, calcined flints and flint debitage. 1350 On West end of The Cursus ROUND BARROW Very High Very poor SM10324 Bronze Age 411010 142920 A)A round barrow opened by Hoare who found a ?primary cremation. It was also excavated in 1959 by Christie who found a crouched skeleton of a child in the primary silt of SW sector of the ditch. See also SU14SW555. 1351 On West end of Cursus FINDSPOT Low No surface None Romano-British 411010 142920 Romano-British type pottery found during excavation of barrow and the expression cursus in 1959 by PM Christie 1352 On West end of Cursus FINDSPOT Low No surface None Iron Age 411010 142920 Iron Age pottery found during excavation of barrow and cursus in 1959 expression by PM Christie. 1353 Fargo Plantation FINDSPOT Low No surface None Bronze Age 411000 143040 A rim sherd from a globular urn. expression 1360 South-west of Cursus ROUND BARROW High Very poor SM10473 Bronze Age 410970 142710 Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation and a handled awl in a primary series collared urn. A skull, urn sherds, and rock fragments found 1870 by H Cunnington. The area is now a WCC dump. 1361 Among The Cursus Barrows MILITARY CAMP Low N/A None Modern 410970 142810 Remains of a military complex known as the Night Camp, an outpost of Stonehenge Aerodrome constructed at thesouthern end of Fargo Plantation to support the Handley-Page hangars (SU 14 SW 646). Buildings and roadsbelonging to the camp are visible on aerial

1362 South-west of Fargo Plantation BUILDING Low Destroyed None Modern 410970 142850 The Stonehenge Airfield Night Camp stood at the western end of The Cursus and was built during World War I to provide a secluded area for off-duty air crews to sleep whilst training continued at the main Stonehenge Day camp c1.2km to the south-east. They

1363 Fargo Plantation LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Unknown 410970 143150 A)A ditch, course of. The OS say that because of its limited length it is of expression minor archaeological importance. Visited by the OS 6 1969, no trace on the ground or aerial photogrphs. B)Probably part of field system SU14SW61V. 1368 Fargo Plantation SETTLEMENT No surface None Bronze Age 410910 143550 Settlement site revealed through test pits which produced pottery, expression animal bone, worked flint and a side-looped bronze spearhead. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1371 West of Normanton Gorse ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10479 Bronze Age 410890 141290 A)Bowl barrow opened by Hoare, 'did not prove sepulchral'. B)Visitedby expression the OS 7 1970, no trace on the ground. C)Ring ditch can be seen on aerial photographs. 1374 South-south-west of Fargo Plantation ENCLOSURE No surface None Unknown 410880 142100 A)A roughly oval enclosure ploughed almost flat among vague traces of expression field system. Faint indeterminate internal features. B)Oval chalk bank surrounded by a ditch, associated with a linear ditch.

1375 South-west of Fargo Plantation ENCLOSURE High No surface None Bronze Age 410880 142540 A)Flattened enclosure which is defined on APs by a prominent bank and expression less well marked ditch. It overlies boundary ditch SU14SW61N. B)Supposedly visible on some APs; it is not shown on 1901 edition OS 25". C)Overlies fields on different alignment. D)The s

1376 South-west of West End of The Cursus ROUND BARROW Very High No surface SM10468 Bronze Age 410880 142790 A)Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a ?primary cremation. expression B)There are no visible remains on the ground. C)A digital terrain model made by Wessex Archaeology in 1998 revealed the barrow as a low mound with some evidence for the remains of the encircl

1377 West of Fargo Plantation LINEAR FEATURE N/A None Unknown 410880 143110 A linear feature, possibly a ditch. Field investigation by the Ordnance Survey in 1969 recorded no trace either on theground or on aerial photographs. It may be associated with field system SU 14 SW 492.

1382 Fargo Plantation FINDSPOT No surface None Neolithic 410870 143500 Four sherds of Neolithic pottery in the Peterborough Ware tradition were expression recovered from a Bronze Age settlement site, presumed to be re- deposited. 1384 Wilsford Shaft on Normanton Down FINDSPOT None Romano-British 410860 141480 Sherds found in the weathering cone of SU14SW159.

1385 Wilsford Shaft, Normanton Down Unclassified Site High No surface SM10478 Bronze Age 410860 141480 A)Pond barrow. B)Excavation in 1960-2 found it to be a ritual shaft 100ft expression deep. Quantities of wooden tubs, bowls, scoops, amber beads, bone pins, thong and rope, and pottery of Deverell-Rimbury affinity were found. C14 date 1360 bc +/-90. 1386 Wilsford Shaft on Normanton Down FINDSPOT None Iron Age 410860 141480 An almost complete IA pot found at a depth of 9ft in the fill of the weathering cone of SU14SW159. 1387 South-west of Fargo Plantation LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Later Prehistoric 410850 142720 A boundary earthwork running N-S. It appears to join enclosures expression SU14SW957 and SU14SW61H, and be intergrated into field system SU14SW982. 1391 South-west of Fargo Plantation SETTLEMENT Medium Poor None Bronze Age 410840 142540 Post-holes, pits, gullies, ditches etc found within Area B of an evaluation in 1998 strongly suggests a Middle Bronze Age settlement site. Aerial photographic evidence supports this conclusion, with numerous records of an extensive system of fields, lyn

1395 South-west of Fargo Plantation FINDSPOT Low No surface None Neolithic 410830 142550 A proportion of the diagnostic flintwork from Area B of an evaluation in expression 1998 is considered to be Early and Late Neolithic in date. Although there was no ceramic evidence associated with the earlier pieces of flintwork, it is possible that some of the fea 1396 South-west of Fargo Plantation LINEAR FEATURE Low No surface None Later Prehistoric 410830 142730 The west side of an undated approximately south to north aligned ditch, expression at least 0.5m deep, was revealed in an evaluation trench in 1998. It had a convex profile, the side tending from shallow to steep sloping towards the flat base. 1397 West of Fargo Plantation FINDSPOT Low No surface None Bronze Age 410830 142750 An unlooped palstave. expression WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1400 West of Normanton Gorse ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10355 Bronze Age 410820 141350 A)A ditched bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation. B)Re-excavated 1960 when much reduced by bulldozer etc. Central grave with the remains of a primary cremation with no grave goods. C)Ring ditch seen on aerial photographs.

1411 East end of Lesser Cursus LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Later Prehistoric 410780 143560 A linear ditch forming part of a field system is visible on aerial expression photographs and later confirmed by geophysical survey. 1418 South & West of Fargo Plantation FIELD SYSTEM Low No surface None Later Prehistoric 410750 142350 Field system complex showing no single orientation. expression 1421 South-west of Cursus CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE Low No surface None Unknown 410740 142610 A)Circular soilmark seen on aerial photographs. Possible barrow. expression B)Vague white spread visible on recent APs, but unlikely to be a barrow. C)Primary sources could not be consulted. The RCHM NGR provisionally accepted D)RCHM - not seen on RAF AP 1422 South-west Fargo Plantation ROUND BARROW High No surface None Bronze Age 410730 142690 A)A levelled barrow. B)Primary sources could not be consulted, so the expression RCHM NGR is accepted. 1423 West of The Cursus FINDSPOT Negligible No surface None Medieval (C15th) 410720 142870 Two Medieval sherds were identified during an evaluation in 1998, and expression both were glazed sandy wares, dateable respectively to the 13th/14th centuries. 1427 South-west of Fargo Plantation Unclassified Site Low No surface None Unknown 410700 142730 A small circular post-hole, measuring 0..11m in diameter, with a slightly expression tapering profile, was excavated to a depth of 0.16m below the surface of the natural chalk, but not fully excavated in 1998.

1428 Within Lesser Cursus ENCLOSURE Low No surface None Unknown 410680 143540 A circular enclosure and possible pits located within and to the south- expression west of the Lesser Cursus, identified by geophysical survey.

1432 East of Winterbourne Stoke Crossroad ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10443 Bronze Age 410640 141790 One of four bowl barrows opened by Hoare. Finds from one of these expression barrows included:- a primary cremation, ashes, a bronze bangle of twisted wire and a " rude urn". It was visited by the OS 2 1970 - no trace on the ground. 1434 East of Winterbourne Stoke Crossroad ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10443 Bronze Age 410630 141760 One of four bowl barrows opened by Hoare. Finds from one of these expression barrows included:- a primary cremation, ashes, a bronze bangle og twisted wire and a " rude urn ". Visited by the OS 2 1970 - no trace on the ground. 1435 East of Winterbourne Stoke Crossroad ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10443 Bronze Age 410630 141770 One of four bowl barrows, opened by Hoare. Finds from one of these expression barrows include:- a primary cremation, ashes, a bronze bangle of twisted wire and a " rude urn ". It was visited by the OS 2 1970 - no trace on the ground. 1436 East of Winterbourne Stoke Group LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Unknown 410630 141850 The parish boundary between Amesbury and Winterbourne Stoke visible expression as a soilmark. 1437 East of Winterbourne Stoke Crossroad ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10443 Bronze Age 410610 141780 One of four bowl barrows. This one is partly ditched. Finds from one of expression these barrows included :- a primary cremation, ashes, a bronze bangle and a " rude urn ". It was visited by the OS 2.1970, no trace on the ground. 1438 South-west of The Cursus FINDSPOT Negligible No surface None Romano-British 410600 142790 Twelve sherds of Romano-British pottery were recorded in Areas A and B expression of an evaluation in 1998. They consist almost entirely of undiagnostic sherds of coarse greywares which cannot be more closely dated.

1442 The Lesser Cursus CURSUS Very High No surface SM10351 Neolithic 410550 143500 A)Cursus with open eastern end and cross bank. B)Ploughed, but still expression discernible in 1912. C)Sample excavations by Wessex Archaeology in 1983 revealed a ditch with internal bank subsequently enlarged eastwards. C14 date from antler WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1447 Wilsford Down ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10480 Bronze Age 410530 141130 A)Bowl barrow with a ditch and outer bank. Probably opened by Hoare expression who found urn fragments and a fragment of ?granite similat to that in a barrow at Upton Noble. Visited by OS 7 1970, badly denuded, no ditch visible. B)Ring ditch and internal platform.

1448 Wilsford Down ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10480 Bronze Age 410530 141140 Site of a bowl barrow levelled by ploughing in 1950. One of a group of 5 expression which Hoare says nearly all contained a simple interment of burnt bones. It was visited by the OS 7 1970, vague marks only.

1449 Wilsford Down ROUND BARROW High Very poor SM10480 Bronze Age 410530 141170 A)Ditched bowl barrow opened by Hoare. Finds include an urn, shale beads and a bronze awl. Visited by the OS 7 1970, badly denuded. No ditch visible. B)LBA sherds found on the barrow by Newall. C)Ring and inner platform seen on aerial photographs. 1450 Wilsford Down ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10480 Bronze Age 410520 141110 A)Pond barrow visited by the OS 7 1970. Site indicated by crop/soil mark expression of a bank enclosing a shallow circular depression. B)Levelled in 1950. C)It appears to be a pit or hollow. 1451 Wilsford Down ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10480 Bronze Age 410510 141120 Site of a bowl barrow levelled by ploughing in 1950. One of a group of 5 expression which Hoare said nearly all contained a simple interment of burnt bones. It was visited by the OS 7 1970, vague marks only.

1452 Wilsford Down ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10480 Bronze Age 410510 141140 Site of a bowl barrow levelled by ploughing in 1950. One of a group of 5 expression which Hoare says nearly all contained a simple interment of burnt bones. It was visited by the OS 7 1970, vague marks only.

1453 Wilsford Down ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10480 Bronze Age 410510 141150 Site of a bowl barrow levelled by the plough in 1950. It is one of a group expression of 5 of which Hoare says nearly all contained a simple interment of burnt bone. It was visited by the OS 7 1970, who say there were vague marks only. 1454 Wilsford Down ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10480 Bronze Age 410510 141160 Site of a bowl barrow. It was destroyed by ploughing in 1950. One of a expression group of 5 which Hoare says nearly all contained a simple interment of burnt bone. It was visited by the OS 7 1970, who say there were vague marks only. 1456 On Wilsford Down FINDSPOT None Bronze Age 410500 141100 Surface finds of Deverel-Rimbury type pottery found within 10 yards of barrow SU14SW809. 1463 West of Cursus ROUND BARROW High Very poor SM10467 Bronze Age 410440 142870 A round barrow is visible as a white soilmark on aerial photographs.

1464 Winterbourne Stoke Group ROUND BARROW Very High No surface SM10448 Bronze Age 410430 142030 If this barrow actually exists it would be one of the "2 or 3 very small expression mounds noted by Thurnam to the NE of the Winterborune Stoke Group. There are no AP references, and the NGR is described by the RCHM as approximate. See also SU14SW714,61B

1465 Winterbourne Stoke Down ROUND BARROW Very High No surface None Bronze Age 410430 142190 A possible round barrow. The OS and Grinsell wrongly call this RCH 10. expression See SU14SW723. There is no aerial photographic evidence for this site.

1467 North-east of the Diamond LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Unknown 410410 141040 A linear feature visible as a soilmark, may be a "modern" field expression boundary. 1468 Winterbourne Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High No surface SM10448 Bronze Age 410410 142000 A Bowl barrow which may have been opened by Thurnam, who found a expression bucket urn and a cremation in one of 2 or 3 small barrows to the NE of the Winterbourne Stoke Group. See also SU14SW61A, 61B WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1469 South of Lesser Cursus ROUND BARROW Very High No surface SM10466 Bronze Age 410410 143090 Saucer barrow. A)Hoare found a primary cremation. B)Flattened by expression ploughing. C)This one (not SU14SW651) excavated by Vatcher in 1961, who found a cremation in an oval grave. D)Destroyed. E)Ring ditch with outer chalk spread & central pit seen on APs.

1471 Wilsford Down Area Unclassified Site No surface None Unknown 410400 141100 Very narrow ditches which form a partial "enclosure" around long barrow expression SU14SW126. They share a common alignment with elements of SU14SW965. One ditch is apparently cut by earthwork SU14SW968.

1472 Wilsford Down LONG BARROW High Moderate SM10330 Neolithic 410400 141180 A)Long barrow orientated NE-SW. Opened by Thurnam in 1865-6 who found at least 5 crouched burials apparently secondary. (see SU14SW167). 1473 Wilsford Down BURIAL Moderate None Bronze Age 410400 141180 Five secondary contracted burials in the long barrow opened by Thurnam. One was accompanied by a beaker. 1475 South of Lesser Cursus FINDSPOT Low No surface None Romano-British 410390 143110 27 sherds of Romano-British pottery were found in the ploughsoil infilling expression of the ditch of barrow SU14SW652 and in the overlying turf including a 1st century rimsherd. 1478 Winterbourne Stoke Group ROUND BARROW Very High No surface None Bronze Age 410380 142000 A levelled barrow opened by Hoare with "no result". It may have been expression opened later by Thurnam and would thus be one of the "2 or 3 very small mounds from which he found a bucket urn. 1479 North-east of Winterbourne Stoke Gp ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10474 Bronze Age 410380 142380 A)Bowl barrow opened by Hoare. He found 2 inhumations, one in a expression chalk cut pit, the other in the mound. Also a cremation in an urn. B)The OS and Grinsell have wrongly positioned it at SU10274237. C)A ring ditch and barrow platform. 1480 South of Lesser Cursus ROUND BARROW Very High No surface SM10466 Bronze Age 410370 143110 Bowl barrow. A)Hoare found ?primary cremation plus a rude urn. B)2ft expression high. C)In 1961 Vatcher's excavation found an urn in a pit with a stakehole each side. Under SE side another urn in a pit, no holes. D)Completly destroyed. E)Visible on aerial photos. 1485 LARKHILL MILITARY RAILWAY RAILWAY Low None Modern 410350 142280 Part of a light military railway constructed in the early twentieth century from the main Amesbury-Bulford Line atRatfyn Junction to Larkhill, with branch lines serving other military facilities to the west and south of the main base.The course of the rai 1488 South-west of Cursus CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface SM10475 Prehistoric 410340 142240 A)A bowl barrow opened by Hoare (No 10). He found a ?primary expression cremation and a Saxon bead (SU14SW400). B)The OS and Grinsell give the wrong NGR at SU10434219. C)A ring ditch and a barrow platform can be seen on aerial photographs. 1489 North of Winterbourne Stoke Crossrds FINDSPOT Negligible No surface None Saxon 410340 142240 A Saxon spiral pattern bead of glass or vitreous paste intrusive in barrow expression SU14SW723. They probably post-date the burial. 1490 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Good SM10306 Bronze Age 410330 141920 Ditched bowl barrow. Opened by Hoare who found two primary inhumations, a beaker, 6 secondary inhumations and a secondary cremation beneath an inverted urn in a ledge cut into the barrow above the topmost secondary skeleton. 1493 South of Lesser Cursus ROUND BARROW Very High No surface SM10353 Bronze Age 410320 143140 Bowl barrow. A)Hoare found ?primary cremation. B)1.5ft high. expression C)Incorrectly noted as excavated by Vatcher in 1961 - was in fact Winterbourne Stoke 33 - see Museum card. D)Ditch visible. E)Ring ditch and chalk platform visible on aerial photos. 1495 West of Lesser Cursus ROUND BARROW Very High Poor SM10351 Neolithic 410310 143460 3 confluent bowl barrows. A)Hoare says long barrow. B)Thurnam says 'oval barrow' found 1864. West-primary crouched burial,4 leaf shaped javelin heads. Central-small cup. Eastern-primary crouched burial & a beaker. C)46 x 17 paces x 4ft high. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1496 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads FINDSPOT None Neolithic 410300 141800 The butt end of a dolerite axe found 1300ft NE of Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads longbarrow. 1497 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Good SM10306 Bronze Age 410300 141870 A)Bell barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary skeleton in a wood coffin. Also a necklace of shale and amber beads, a bronze dagger and an awl plus a small vessel. B)It was visited by the OS 1 1971.

1498 Among Winterbourne Stoke Group FINDSPOT Low N/A None Neolithic 410300 141900 Part of a Neolithic stone axe, made of dolerite, found 1300 feet north or north east of the Winterbourne StokeCrossroads long barrow (SU 14 SW 92). The fragment is in Salisbury Museum. 1499 Stonehenge Racecourse LINEAR FEATURE Low No surface None Bronze Age 410300 142520 A) Linear feature visible as a soilmark. Aerial photographs suggest that expression it cuts SU14SW982. Relationship to SU14SW61N is uncertain. B) Further segmented lengths have been plotted by RCHM. C)An evaluation in 1998 showed the east-west aligned ditch is 3.4m

1500 North of A344 LITHIC SCATTER Medium N/A None Neolithic 410300 143500 During survey in advance of road widening for the A303, surface collection and geophysical survey showed aconcentration of Neolithic and Bronze Age flints at SU103435. 1503 Winterbourne Stoke Down ROUND BARROW High No surface None Bronze Age 410280 142370 A possible round barrow. The OS and Grinsell incorrectly say this is RCH expression 9 (see SU14SW725). No aerial photographic evidence has been found for its existance. It was not seen by the RCHM on a 1992 aerial survey for the A303 road proposal.

1508 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Good SM10306 Bronze Age 410260 141840 Ditched bowl barrow. A)90ft in diameter and 5ft high. Opened by Hoare uncovering 2 primary skeletons, a beaker and other finds; and a secondary cremation. 1512 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Poor SM10306 Bronze Age 410240 141830 A)Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found it " unproductive". B)It was visited by the OS 1 1971. 1513 West of Lesser Cursus ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10350 Bronze Age 410240 143440 A)A bowl barrow. Hoare found a primary inhumation and an antler. B)25 paces diam x 5ft high. C)Visited by the OS in 10 1969 when it measured 27m diam x 1.6m high. D)Ring ditch seen on aerial photographs.

1514 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10306 Bronze Age 410230 141790 Bowl barrow opened by Hoare, who found it " unproductive ". B)It was visited by the OS 1 1971. 1515 North of Winterbourne Crossroads Gp ROUND BARROW Very High Poor SM10346 Bronze Age 410230 142150 A)A pond barrow with an overall diam of 36m.The bank is ploughed out in places though visible as a soilmark, up to 0.3m high. B)The ring ditch and barrow platform are visible on aerial photographs.

1519 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Poor SM10306 Bronze Age 410210 141770 A)Ditched bowl barrow in which Hoare found a primary inhumation covered by a cairn of flints on the floor (which was cleared of turf). The ditch was gone on the SE side. 1521 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads FINDSPOT Low None Neolithic 410200 141600 One backed flake found by Chris Gingell in 1975. 1522 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Poor SM10306 Bronze Age 410200 141800 A)Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found it had been opened previously. There were pieces of burnt bone in the soil (human? . B)Visited by the OS 1 1971. 1523 West of Lesser Cursus ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10349 Bronze Age 410180 143460 A)Bell barrow. Hoare found two primary skeletons of an adult and a child of c12 years. B)Mound 90ft diam x 6ft high, berm and ditch eradicated by ploughing. C)28m diam x 1.8m high. D)Ring ditch seen on aerial photographs. 1524 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10306 Bronze Age 410170 141810 Pond barrow visited by the OS 1 1971. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1525 King Barrow W'bourne Stoke +roads ROUND BARROW Very High Good SM10306 Bronze Age 410160 141710 Bell barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary burial in an elm trunk Gp coffin with a 5 handled red Breton jar (intrusive?), 2 daggers and a bronze awl with a bone handle. 1526 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10306 Bronze Age 410160 141770 A)Ditched bowl barrow, opened by Hoare who found a primary skeleton, a secondary skeleton, a later secondary cremation under an inverted urn, and 2 more cremations. In the mound material was a perforated cushion macehead of decomposed greensand.

1527 South-west of Lesser Cursus ROUND BARROW Very High No surface SM10352 Bronze Age 410160 143270 A)Disc barrow. Hoare found primary cremation and an awl. B)The mound expression 25ft x 0.5ft, berm 44ft, ditch 18ft x 0.5ft, bank 18ft x 0.5ft. On AP 6-8 postholes have been seen on edge outer ditch. C)Central mound ploughed away. D)Chalk spread seen on aerial photo

1532 In Winterbourne Stoke Clump ROUND BARROW High No surface SM10306 Bronze Age 410150 141630 Drawn as a probable saucer barrow on Hoare's plan of Winterbourne expression Stoke Down Group. It was opened by Hoare who found it "unproductive"

1533 North of Winterbourne Crossroads Gp ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10345 Bronze Age 410140 142380 Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found two ?primary cremations in an urn, plus a secondary cremation in a possible LBA globular urn. Excavations by the Army in 1916 produced a Deverel-Rimbury type urn over cremated bones. 1534 North of the A344 ROUND BARROW Very High N/A SM10350 Neolithic 410140 143420 A predominantly Bronze Age barrow cemetery comprising seven barrows arranged in an irregular east-west line to thewest of the Lesser Cursus (SU 14 SW 41). One of the mounds covered a Neolithic inhumation. All the mounds wereexamined by Colt Hoare in the e

1539 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group BURIAL High No surface SM10306 Saxon 410120 141670 Five or more, intrusive burials (possibly Saxon) found in barrow expression SU14SW820. 1540 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Good SM10306 Bronze Age 410120 141680 A)Bell barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation in a clay covered wooden box (probably with bronze fittings) with two daggers, bone pin and tweezers. Also 5 intrusive skeletons, possiblySaxon, (see SU14SW556). It is later than SU14SW819

1541 West of the Cursus CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface None Prehistoric 410120 142920 A)A ring ditch is visible on aerial photographs. B)The primary AP source expression could not be consulted, so the RCHM NGR is used. 1542 West of Lesser Cursus ROUND BARROW Very High Very poor SM10348 Bronze Age 410120 143460 A)Bowl barrow. Hoare found intense marks of fire. B)30 paces diam x 3ft high. C)Excavated by Vatcher in 1961 who found stakeholes in a rectangle around a pit containing an inurned cremation. D)Ring ditch visible on aerial photographs. 1544 South-south-east of Longbarrow LONG BARROW No surface None Bronze Age 410110 140890 A possible levelled long barrow vislble as a soilmark aligned NE-SW. Crossroad expression 1545 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Good SM10306 Bronze Age 410110 141780 A)Disc barrow with 3 moundS (2 of them confluent) opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation in the central mound with a cup and an amber bead. There were cremations in the other mounds.

1546 North of Longbarrow Crossroads ENCLOSURE No surface None Unknown 410110 142220 A)A square enclosure, probably Medieval now only visible as a soilmark. expression Early aerial photographs show an earthwork with a narrow bank, external ditch with no apparent entrance. 1550 Longbarrow Crossroads BURIAL No surface None Prehistoric 410100 141500 An undated burial was uncovered by badgers in June 1999. It could expression indicate the presence of a 'flat' grave or even a cemetery in the environs of the Bronze Age barrow group at Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1551 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Good SM10306 Bronze Age 410100 141650 A)Pond barrow immediately to the SW of SU14SW820. B)The OS say that the ditch of SU14SW820 avoids it, and is therefore later. 1553 Winterbourne Stoke CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface SM10481 Bronze Age 410090 141030 A circular mark is visible on aerial photographs. It is a possible ploughed expression out barrow. 1554 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Good SM10306 Bronze Age 410090 141740 A)Disc barrow opened by Hoare who found a ?primary cremation.

1556 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10306 Bronze Age 410080 141620 A)Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary (?) cremation. B)Visited by the OS 1 1971, who describe it as truncated and very badly mutilated. 1557 Winterbourne Stoke Barrow Group FINDSPOT Low None Neolithic 410080 141630 A flake with possible secondary working. A Neolithic date is ascribed in WAM, but no supporting evidence is given. 1558 South-west of Cursus Unclassified Site Low No surface None Unknown 410080 142680 A)A possible oval ditched mound visible on aerial photographs. B)No expression trace on the ground or on modern APs. C)RCHM - presumed non- archaeological. 1559 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads Group ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10306 Bronze Age 410070 141700 A)Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found it " unproductive ".

1562 North of Winterbourne Crossroads Gp ROUND BARROW High Moderate SM10344 Bronze Age 410050 142370 Bell barrow opened by Hoare who found part of a very large urn and burnt bones. He noted that the barrow had been disturbed previously.

1563 North of Winterbourne Stoke Group CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE Negligible No surface None Prehistoric 410050 142780 A)Three circular features, probably ring ditches, visible on APs. expression B)Primary AP source could not be consulted so existing NGR is accepted. 1564 Drinking Stone Cross Base extant None Medieval 410040 141500 A probable cross base of Medieval type. O.8m square with a socket 0.4m x 0.5m x 0.3m deep. Shown on map of 1773 at this NGR, as long barrow cross. It was once scheduled. 1566 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads ROUND BARROW Very High No surface SM10306 Bronze Age 410030 141700 Bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a ?primary cremation, an expression incense cup, and a curved perforated bone pin. Visited by the OS 1 1971, no surface indications. 1567 West of Lesser Cursus ROUND BARROW Very High No surface SM10347 Neolithic 410030 143410 A)Bowl barrow. Hoare found ashes and a cist. B)30 paces diam x 5ft expression high. C)Excavated by Vatcher in 1961 who found four phases of activity involving a mortuary house and a token cremetion. D)Slightly oval ring ditch and central mound seen on APs.

1568 South of Winterbourne Stoke Crossrds CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface SM10482 Prehistoric 410010 141100 A)Ring ditch visible on aerial photographs. B)Geophysical survey for expression proposed route of A303 showed it has possible entrance on the NE side. The results suggest that this feature is a henge monument. C)There is no other evidence to support the theory 1569 North-west of the Diamond CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE No surface None Bronze Age 410010 141150 A)A roughly circular feature revealed as a soil mark. B)This was not seen expression on the geophysical survey for the proposed A303 route.

1574 Near the Long Barrow FINDSPOT Low None Neolithic 410000 141500 A scraper. 1575 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads LONG BARROW Very High Moderate SM10462 Neolithic 410000 141510 A)A long barrow oriented NE-SW. Opened by Thurnam in 1863 who found a primary male inhumation and 6 secondary inhumations with a food vessel. 1576 North of the A344 FINDSPOT Low N/A None Neolithic 410000 143000 Two Neolithic flint scrapers and a core found at Fargo Plantation are now in Salisbury Museum. 1578 Winterbourne Stoke Group ROUND BARROW Very High Poor SM10483 Bronze Age 409990 141840 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary adult skeleton with a " drinking" cup at the feet, a secondary skeleton of a child with a basin- like vessel 4ft above the barrow floor. 1579 Winterbourne Stoke Group ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10483 Bronze Age 409990 141880 A mutilated saucer barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1580 N Edge of Winterbourne Stoke Group CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface None Prehistoric 409990 141950 A ring ditch is visible on an aerial photograph, which could not be expression consulted, so the existing NGR was accepted. 1581 Winterbourne Stoke Group ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10464 Bronze Age 409980 141610 A ditched bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation with a small vessel. 1582 West of Winterbourne Stoke Group MOUND Low N/A None Post Medieval 409980 141870 A low earthwork mound, 10 metres in diameter and 0.4 metres high, in among the Bronze Age barrow group recordedas SU 04 SE 36. Although it has the appearance of a bowl barrow, it was not noted by Colt Hoare, so it may representspoil from his excavations o

1583 S of Greenland Farm ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10310 Bronze Age 409980 143370 A bell barrow opened by Hoare who found 2 cremations, one near the centre in a circular cist & the second in a deeper, oblong cist. The ditch is now ploughed out. 1584 N Edge of Winterbourne Stoke Group CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE High No surface None Prehistoric 409970 142000 A ring ditch. The aerial photographic source could not be consulted so expression the existing NGR was accepted. 1585 Winterbourne Stoke Group ROUND BARROW Very High damaged SM10463 Bronze Age 409960 141570 A bowl barrow with a hollow centre created by an unrecorded excavation.

1586 Winterbourne Stoke Group ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10483 Bronze Age 409960 141850 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation.

1587 Winterbourne Stoke Group ROUND BARROW Very High Good SM10483 Bronze Age 409960 141880 A saucer barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation and a richly ornamented drinking cup a foot away. 1588 Winterbourne Stoke Group ROUND BARROW Very High Moderate SM10483 Bronze Age 409950 141830 A ditched bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation. The barrow has been damaged by a track to the north.

1589 N of Winterbourne Stoke Group ROUND BARROW Very High Good SM10308 Bronze Age 409950 142370 A ditched bowl barrow probably opened by Hoare & Cunnington. 1590 N of Winterbourne Stoke Group ROUND BARROW High No surface None Bronze Age 409950 142390 A levelled bowl barrow. The OS could find no surface traces and expression accepted Grinsell's NGR. 1591 Winterbourne Stoke Down RING DITCH Negligible No surface None Prehistoric 409950 142600 Two ring ditches and an amorphous feature are visible on an aerial expression photograph. It was a poor AP which did not allow a plot to be made. The previous NGR has been provisionally accepted. 1592 Winterbourne Stoke Group ROUND BARROW Very High Poor SM10483 Bronze Age 409940 141850 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary? cremation.

1593 Longbarrow Crossroads SETTLEMENT No surface None Bronze Age 409930 141440 A) Later Bronze Age settlement discovered during road works in 1967. expression At least 3 hut structures, a N-S "stockade" trench (also an E-W trench), and several pits containing Deverel-Rimbury sherds. The N-S stockade may be the same as SU04SE725. B)A watching

1594 Winterbourne Stoke Group ROUND BARROW Very High Poor SM10483 Bronze Age 409930 141860 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a secondary cremation in an urn with applied horseshoe ornanent on the rim. The barrow has been cut by a road. 1595 S of Greenland Farm FINDSPOT No surface None Bronze Age 409910 143460 Flakes, cores, burnt flint and miscellaneous debitage found during expression systematic fieldwork for the Brown Routes proposals of the A303. The NGR is a central one. 1596 Bowl Barrow G2 SU04SE668. FINDSPOT Low None Neolithic 409900 141600 A blade with a serrated edge. 1597 N of Winterbourne Stoke Roundabout ROUND BARROW Very High ploughed None Bronze Age 409880 141940 A levelled barrow, possibly with an outer bank.

1599 S of Greenland Farm ROUND BARROW High Very poor SM10460 Bronze Age 409860 143270 A bowl barrow; Hoare notes the finding of burnt bones before his time. It has been ploughed down. 1600 N of Winterbourne Stoke Roundabout ROUND BARROW High ploughed None Bronze Age 409820 141770 A levelled barrow. The aerial photographs could not be used for a CAD plot, so the RCHM(E) NGR is accepted. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1601 South of A344 MOUND N/A None Bronze Age 409820 142760 A mound, possibly a Bronze Age round barrow seen as earthwork and mapped from aerial photographs. This site wasmapped at 1:2500 scale for the English Heritage Stonehenge WHS Mapping Project.

1602 N of Winterbourne Stoke Roundabout ENCLOSURE Medium ploughed None Bronze Age 409810 141570 A large incomplete enclosure. When plotted from SU1041/7 it appears to be associated with the stockaded ditch recorded as SU04SE152.

1603 Winterbourne Stoke Down PIT Ploughed None Unknown 409810 142740 A large pit plotted by the national Monument Record staff from aerial photographs during 2001. 1604 SW of Longbarrow Crossroads ROUND BARROW High ploughed SM10476 Bronze Age 409800 141180 A)A ring ditch. B)Probably a bowl barrow, with a segmented ditch. A geophysical survey is very clear and shows the existance of five or six ditch segments. The internal area is about 20m in diameter. C)The Scheduling document SM10476 describes it as a bow

1605 Longbarrow Crossroads Unclassified Site Medium No surface None Unknown 409800 141590 A)Numerous weak anomalies were identified during a geophysical survey expression in 1999. They are likely to be of archaeological interest, although the weak nature of the responses means that their interpretation is cautious. B)An aerial photograph analysis during

1607 West of Winterbourne Stoke Crossroad ENCLOSURE High part SM10484/1- Bronze Age 409790 141390 A)A small rounded enclosure is visible on aerial photographs. It is ploughed,part possibly part of settlement (SU04SE152). A substantial ditch, up to 2m buried wide, was surveyed at SU0981641387. B)The western limit of this enclosure is possibly defined by Feature 1 observed 1609 Winterbourne Stoke Down ROUND BARROW High extant SM10307 Bronze Age 409760 142440 Bowl barrow opened by Hoare. A primary inhumation with a Beaker, two whetstones and a shale pulley ring. A skeleton of an infant was found in the same grave; also a secondary cremation.

1613 Longbarrow Crossroads ROUND BARROW High Buried SM10484/1 Bronze Age 409730 141410 An undated levelled bowl barrow found during a geophysical survey c1994. 1620 NE of Milestone 4 Amesbury ROUND BARROW High damaged WI073A Bronze Age 409640 143090 A bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found an empty cist and an arrowhead. No evidence for an adjacent mound described by Hoare as a 'landmark'. The barrow mound is extant, but its ditch has been ploughed.

1623 S of Winterbourne Stoke Roundabout LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Later Prehistoric 409580 141550 Boundary ditch only visible as a cropmark in SU04SE. Part of a complex expression that includes SU04SE727 and 691. RCHM suggest that at Long- Barrow Crossroads the earthwork crossed, and is probably later than stockade SU04SE152. Dating evidence is equivocal.

1626 Winterbourne Stoke Down FIELD SYSTEM High Very poor SM28943 Later Prehistoric 409500 142500 An extensive field system set out perpendicular to linear SU04SE690 and therefore presumably contemporary with settlements SU04SE685 and SU04SE686. Additional elements plotted by RCHME, 1995.

1629 Oatlands Hill CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE ploughed None Prehistoric 409430 140840 A ring ditch is revealed as a soil/crop mark on an aerial photograph

1630 North of Oatlands Hill CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE ploughed None Prehistoric 409430 140980 A ring ditch. 1632 North of Oatlands Hill CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE ploughed None Prehistoric 409420 140930 A ring ditch is visible as a cropmark on an aerial photograph. 1633 Oatlands Hill Unclassified Site Ploughed None Unknown 409420 141190 Part of an oval feature depicted as having interrupted ditches by the National Monuments Record staff from aerial photographs from aerial photographs from aerial photographs during 2001. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1634 NE of Oatlands Hill LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Later Prehistoric 409400 141120 One of a complex of boundary ditches including SU04SE691,726. It expression joins SU04SE726 near The Diamond Plantation. In this area it overlies field system. RCHM suggest the boundary ditches were laid out in the BA - the evidence is equivocal. 1636 Winterbourne Stoke Down ENCLOSURE ploughed None Bronze Age 409350 142150 A sub circular enclosure an with outer bank according to the OS. The 2nd edition 25" OS map shows a ditch approximately 5m wide.

1637 Rollestone Field Group ROUND BARROW High ploughed SM10396 Bronze Age 409320 144110 A disc barrow which had been opened by Cunnington who found a primary? cremation and fragments of a large urn. It has been damaged by ploughing. 1638 Rollestone Field Group ROUND BARROW High ploughed SM10396 Bronze Age 409320 144180 This is Shrewton G26, a bell or bowl barrow possibly opened by Cunnington, It is unclear whether 626 or SU04SE627 contained major finds. Grinsell suggests 627, but also see SU04SE628. 1640 Winterbourne Stoke Down ROUND BARROW High ploughed SM28927 Bronze Age 409310 142600 Ploughed-out bowl barrow opened by a shepherd before Hoare's time. The result is unknown. 1641 Winterbourne Stoke Down ENCLOSURE damaged None Later Prehistoric 409300 142100 Two extant arms of a rectangular enclosure. The SW arm survives as a low bank 70m in length and 0.6m high. The NW arm is a scarp 0.4m high. 1644 Rollestone Field Group ROUND BARROW High ploughed SM10396 Bronze Age 409290 144140 This is Shrewton G27. It was possibly opened by Cunnington who found a primary crouched inhumation with a black stone axe-hammer and three other (probably secondary) inhumations. But see also SU04SE628 and 626. 1645 Oatlands Hill CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE ploughed None Later Prehistoric 409280 140640 A roughly circular enclosure, revealed as a soilmark. The aerial photographs suggest that it is contemporary with SU04SE691, and 746.

1647 Rollestone Field Group ROUND BARROW High ploughed SM10396 Bronze Age 409260 144120 A bowl (bell?) barrow with a penannular ditch excavated by Green in 1958. The dimensions suggest to the excavator that this is the bell barrow refered to by Hoare in Rolston Field (the evidence is equivocal). Grinsell says G27 was the bell barrow. 1649 Winterbourne Stoke Down FINDSPOT None Bronze Age 409250 142430 Flakes, blades, broken pieces, burnt flint, scrapers, miscellaneous debitage and other tools were found during systematic fieldwalking of the proposed A303 Brown Routes. The NGR is a central one.

1650 Winterborune Stoke Down FINDSPOT None Romano-British 409250 142430 Nine sherds of coarsewares, including greywares, oxidised sandy wares and one possible sherd of Black Burnished Ware from Poole Harbour area. The NGR is a central one. 1653 Rollestone Field Group ROUND BARROW High ploughed SM10396 Bronze Age 409240 144100 A bowl barrow excavated by Green in 1958 who found a primary cremation and a possibly secondary cremation. The barrow had a ditch

1654 Oatlands Hill CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE ploughed None Prehistoric 409220 140640 A ring ditch. 1658 Oatlands Hill ENCLOSURE ploughed None Later Prehistoric 409200 140650 Part of a rectangular enclosure is visible on an aerial photograph. The source could not be consulted so the original interpretation and NGR is accepted. The site is possibly part of SU04SE780. 1661 Winterbourne Stoke Down FINDSPOT None Medieval (C15th) 409180 142170 Part of a roughly-made jug dated to the 12th century. 1662 Rollestone Field Group ROUND BARROW High ploughed SM10450 Bronze Age 409180 144040 A bowl barrow now levelled by ploughing. An aerial photograph reveals a ditch and chalk envelope. 1664 Winterbourne Stoke Down LONG BARROW Very High extant SM28926 Neolithic 409170 142790 A long barrow orientated East-West. Opened by Hoare and Cunnington. Side ditches vague and the mound badly damaged. A cremation mixed with chalky marl covered with flints. 2 cists and wood ashes. A muller of sandstone. 1668 SSE of Middle Farm CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE None Prehistoric 409140 144010 Part of a ring ditch identfied by RCHM. 1669 SE of Middle Farm CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE None Prehistoric 409140 144210 Ring ditch identified by RCHM. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1671 Rollestone Field Group ROUND BARROW High ploughed SM10450 Bronze Age 409130 143980 A bowl barrow levelled by ploughing. Aerial photographs suggest an outer ditch 30m diameter. 1676 Oatlands Hill CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE ploughed None Prehistoric 409090 140580 A ring ditch is visible on aerial photographs. The promary sources could not be consulted so the existing NGR is accepted. This record could be SU04SE781. 1679 Oatlands Hill CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE ploughed None Prehistoric 409070 140660 A ring ditch, possibly the same site as SU04SE737. 1683 Winterbourne Stoke Down ROUND BARROW High ploughed SM28930 Bronze Age 409050 142750 Bowl barrow. Opened by Hoare who found it had been opened previously Burnt bones were recovered. 1684 N of Grant's Barn ROUND BARROW None Bronze Age 409030 141520 A circular bank probably representing the site of a ploughed round barrow has been plotted by RCHM. 1696 Oatlands Hill ENCLOSURE ploughed None Prehistoric 408950 140670 An oviod enclosure (ring ditch?) adjacent to a linear feature, visible as a cropmark. It is possibly the same site as SU04SE719. The dimensions of the cropmark site is about 39m x 21m, which is more that of a long barrow. 1702 Oatlands Hill FIELD SYSTEM Ploughed None Medieval (C15th) 408920 140520 Ridge and furrow fields plotted by the National Monuments Record staff from aerial photographs from aerial photographs during 2001.

1703 Winterbourne Stoke Down SETTLEMENT High extant SM28943 Romano-British 408920 142430 A settlement with hut scoops/platforms cut by a field system. It is connected to settlement SU04SE685 to N by a ditch SU04SE690. The site is overlain by enclosure SU04SE699. 1705 Oatlands Hill CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE ploughed None Prehistoric 408900 140620 A ring ditch is visible on an aerial photograph. The primary aerial photograph source could not bee consulted, so the existing NGR is provisionally accepted. 1706 Winterbourne Stoke Down FINDSPOT None Romano-British 408900 142400 Sherds from settlement SU04SE686. 1707 Winterbourne Stoke Down ENCLOSURE High extant SM28943 Later Prehistoric 408900 142400 A possible Medieval penning overlying settlement features SU04SE686. The enclosure is approximately 108m square with a bank and ditch c0.4m deep. 1712 N of Grant's Barn LINEAR FEATURE None Later Prehistoric 408880 141830 Linear ditch identified by RCHME. 1721 South of Middle Farm CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE None Prehistoric 408790 143780 Ring ditch identified by RCHM. 1733 South of Middle Farm CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE None Prehistoric 408710 143820 Ring ditch identified by RCHM. 1734 Oatlands Hill LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Prehistoric 408700 140700 A sinuous linear ditch visible on APs. It post-dates the adjacent ring expression ditches. The RCHM(E) transcription and interpretation also is available.

1757 Fore Down CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE ploughed None Prehistoric 408430 142320 Part of a ring ditch. The poor aerial photograph does not allow a plot to be made so the previous NGR has been accepted. 1763 SW of Middle Farm Unclassified Site ploughed None Unknown 408360 143720 A)Soil/cropmarks to the north of SU04SE685, part of which may represent an extension of linear ditch SU04SE690. B)Additional features have been plotted by RCHM. 1779 Winterbourne Stoke Hill/Horse Down FIELD SYSTEM ploughed None Later Prehistoric 408180 141030 A)A probable field system is visible on an aerial photograph as linear features. B)Further elements have been plotted by RCHM. C)More revealed during an geophysical survey in 1999. 1786 SW of Middle Farm CIRCULAR ENCLOSURE None Prehistoric 408080 143490 Ring ditch identified by RCHM. 1795 E of Rollestone ENCLOSURE None Unknown 407910 143120 Part of an enclosure identified by RCHME. 1796 NE of Rollestone ROUND BARROW None Bronze Age 407910 143340 Mound which may be the site of a barrow plotted by RCHM. 1798 Winterbourne Stoke West TRACKWAY High SM28921 Unknown 407850 141910 A short length of ditch or holloway orientated east/west. It crosses the eastern half of a disc barrow SU04SE653. 1800 Winterbourne Stoke West Group ROUND BARROW High damaged SM28921 Bronze Age 407810 141920 Disc barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation beneath an inverted urn, incense cup, 2 shale rings, amber and faience beads.

1802 Winterbourne Stoke West Group ROUND BARROW High extant SM28921 Bronze Age 407780 141950 Ditched bowl barrow with an outer bank opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation in an oblong cist. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1803 Winterbourne Stoke West Group ROUND BARROW High damaged SM28921 Bronze Age 407750 141970 Disc barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation in cloth fixed by a pin with a V-bored button, 5 shale rings, beads of amber, shale and faience beneath an inverted urn. It has been cut by SU04SE698.

1804 Winterbourne Stoke Group West ROUND BARROW High extant SM28921 Bronze Age 407720 141970 Ditched bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation in a collared urn (food vessel?) with a small bronze knife dagger, a bone pommel and a few black beads which are now lost.

1805 Winterbourne Stoke West Group ROUND BARROW High damaged SM28921 Bronze Age 407720 142010 Ditched bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found two primary cremations, one with an incense cup. It has been damaged by later enclosure SU04SE698. 1807 Winterbourne Stoke West ROUND BARROW High SM28921 Bronze Age 407700 141960 A pond barrow was identified by Julian Richards during fieldwork for MPP in 1995. It is located within the Conigar earthwork.

1809 Winterbourne Stoke West Group ROUND BARROW High extant SM28921 Bronze Age 407680 141990 Saucer barrow excavated by Hoare who found " no sepulchral remains "and felt it was probably not a barrow. 1810 The Coniger - High Down ENCLOSURE High extant SM28921 Unknown 407680 142000 A ploygonal earthwork which partially encloses a barrow group. It cuts some of the group and therefore post dates them. Grinsell suggests that it is Medieval. 1812 Winterbourne Stoke West Group ROUND BARROW High extant SM28921 Bronze Age 407670 141950 A pond barrow mentioned by RC Hoare but not opened by him. 1813 Winterbourne Stoke West Group ROUND BARROW High extant SM28921 Bronze Age 407660 141970 Ditched bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation with a "rude cup". 1814 Winterbourne Stoke West Group ROUND BARROW High extant SM28921 Bronze Age 407660 141980 Two confluent bowl barrows opened by Hoare who found two cists. In one he found a small dagger and 48 clay beads, 2 of encrinite. In the other cist, he found the bones of a sheep. 1815 Winterbourne Stoke West Group ROUND BARROW High extant SM28921 Bronze Age 407660 142010 A ditched bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary? cremation wrapped in cloth. 1816 Winterbourne Stoke West Group ROUND BARROW High extant SM28921 Bronze Age 407660 142040 A ditched bowl barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation wrapped in cloth in a very large urn. 1817 Winterbourne Stoke West Group BURIAL None Saxon 407660 142080 A probable Pagan Saxon intrusive inhumation with an iron knife was dug- up by Hoare in the central mound of disc barrow SU04SE651.

1818 Winterbourne Stoke West Group ROUND BARROW High damaged SM28921 Bronze Age 407660 142080 Disc barrow opened by Hoare who found a primary cremation disturbed by an intrusive skeleton with an iron knife (SU04SE401). Cut by enclosure SU04SE698. 1830 High Down ENCLOSURE ploughed None Later Prehistoric 407300 142300 A probable large sub-circular enclosure is visible on an AP. Possible IA enclosure, as it is sited on a hilltop, but may represent settlement SU04SE687. 1834 High Down SETTLEMENT ploughed None Later Prehistoric 407260 142310 A)Hoare records a site to the NW of the Coniger producing RB pottery and coins. B)RCHM aerial photographic transcription suggests a settlement at this NGR but see also SU04SE703. 1949 North of the A344, western end FIELD BOUNDARY Low No surface None Unknown 409794 143049 A 'T' shaped anomaly which possibly indicates the courses of former field expression divisions. 1956 South of Larkhill Sewage Works, north LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Later Prehistoric 412986 143178 A linear response may represent part of the cursus or an earlier field of Cursus expression boundary. 1960 North of eastern end of The Cursus LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Unknown 413768 143295 A series of parallel trends aligned approx north-south and may represent expression past ridge and furrow cultivation. However modern disturbance could account for these anomalies 1961 South of the southern edge of The PIT No surface None Unknown 412265 142886 A cluster of pit type responses which may represent a cluster of pit Cursus expression features. 1962 East of Cursus Barrows, south of The PIT No surface None Unknown 412252 142718 Pit type anomalies clustering in two places. Cursus expression WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 1963 South of Larkhill Sewage Works, north DITCH No surface None Unknown 412892 143188 A short ditch possibly of archaeological significance and related to a of Cursus expression group of anomalies further east. Modern disturbance could account for this anomaly. 1964 South of Larkhill Sewage Works, north ENCLOSURE No surface None Later Prehistoric 412913 143183 A series of linears aligned northeast-southwest, northwest-southeast of Cursus expression appear to form a series of enclosures that could represent the remains of a Celtic field system. Pit type responses hint at settlement remains.

1965 East of Larkhill Sewage Works, north of PIT No surface None Unknown 413180 143318 A series of responses that may indicate burnt features or features Cursus expression containing magnetically enhanced material. 1966 South of Larkhill Sewage Works, north ENCLOSURE No surface None Later Prehistoric 412999 143221 A series of linears aligned northeast-southwest, northwest-southeast of Cursus expression appear to form a series of enclosures that could represent the remains of a Celtic field system. Pit type responses hint at settlement remains.

1967 East of Larkhill Sewage Works, north of LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Unknown 413637 143311 Three parallel linear responses which may be part of an early pattern of Cursus expression fields and ridge and furrow. 1971 Centre of The Cursus LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Unknown 412409 143051 Anomalies produced by the cursus ditches. expression 1972 South of the centre of The Cursus LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Unknown 412413 143005 Anomalies and linear trends that may be of archaeological significance or expression may be associated with modern ploughing. 1973 North of the centre of The Cursus ENCLOSURE No surface None Unknown 412435 143132 A possible enclosure. expression 1975 East of Larkhill Sewage Works, north of LINEAR FEATURE No surface None Later Prehistoric 413277 143284 A curving linear possibly part of an enclosure. Cursus expression 1976 North of the A344, western end LINEAR FEATURE Low No surface None Unknown 409867 143086 A linear response has been recorded running on an east-west alignment expression and may represent the course of an earlier field division. To the north lies a group of pit type anomalies which are possibly associated with the linear. 1978 North of the A344, western end PIT CIRCLE High No surface None Prehistoric 409780 143126 A group of anomalies appear to form the remains of a 25m diameter expression circular ring ditch. A pit anomaly recorded near the centre of the Ring Ditch (3) could represent the remains of a grave cut. 2009 geophysics indicates this may be a pit circle not a ring d

1983 South of the southern edge of The ENCLOSURE No surface None Unknown 412282 142917 Short ditch type anomalies, possibly the corner of an enclosure. Cursus expression 1988 North of the A344, western end PIT Negligible No surface None Unknown 409980 142919 A possible cluster of pit anomalies. expression 1989 Linear FEATURE NSE None Bronze Age 413528 142089 A possible BA boundary ditch. It is recorded as a cropmark and noted in the NMR (Nos SU 1341, 1342), running southwest for 1.4km.

1990 Linear FEATURE NSE None Later Prehistoric 413527 142079 A linear response running roughly parallel to linear (6). 1999 Milestone south of A303 MILESTONE High Extant Grade II Post Medieval 412273 141960 A damaged listed Grade II milestone situated on the southern verge of the present A303 at Ch. 8690 2014 Crossroads COMMEMORATIVE STONE High Extant None Modern (C20th) 409820 142880 A pre First World War memorial stone. 2016 Stonehenge Tunnel 11KV PIT High Unknown 409930 140850 Undated ditch revealed in a Watching Brief in 2005 2045 Wilsford Down TRACKWAY High Buried Romano-British 410280 141070 Romano-British pottery was recoverd during an evaluation excavation in 1993. 2046 Stonehenge Aerodrome Aerodrome High Destroyed Modern (C20th) 411500 141800 A first World War aerodrome. 2049 South east of Longbarrow Roundabout PIT High Buried Later Prehistoric 410290 141070 A buried linear ditch was revealed during an evaluation excavation in 1993. 2052 NE of Oatlands Hill FINDSPOT High Bronze Age 409310 141240 Two Intercutting Pits Probably Bronze Age 2053 NE of Oatlands Hill LINEAR FEATURE High Unknown 409300 141240 Undated Excavated Linear Feature 2054 NE of Oatlands Farm PIT High Buried Iron Age 409320 141240 Four excavated pits likely to be Iron Age of origin WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 2055 NE of Oatlands Farm FINDSPOT High None Bronze Age 409390 141270 Excavated Bronze Age pit 2056 NE of Oatlands Farm BURIAL High None Bronze Age 409390 141260 Undated Excavated Ditch Terminus 2057 NE of Oatlands Farm PIT High Buried None Bronze Age 409430 141260 Excavated Bronze Age Pit and Posthole 2058 NE of Oatlands Farm LINEAR FEATURE High Buried None Romano-British 409470 141250 Excavated Romano British Linear Feature 2059 NE of Oatlands Hill PIT High None Unknown 409430 141270 Excavated undated Pit 2060 NE of Oatlands Hill PIT High Buried None Iron Age 409710 141320 Three Excavated Iron Age Pits 2061 NE of Oatlands Hill ARCHAEOLOGICAL FEATURE High Unknown 409930 141200 Irregular Excavated Feature with associated finds 2062 Between Druids Lodge and Wilsford PIT High Later Prehistoric 410010 141370 Two undated linear features Down 2063 Between Druids Lodge And Wilsford RAILWAY High Ploughed Modern (C20th) 410020 141400 Military Railway Down 2064 Between Druids Lodge and Wilsford FINDSPOT High Bronze Age 410110 141420 Two Excavated Bronze Age Pits Down 2065 Between Druids Lodge and Wilsford FINDSPOT High Bronze Age 411110 141630 Two Excavated Bronze Age burials with associated finds Down 2066 North of Normanton Gorse LINEAR FEATURE High Unknown 411340 141690 Undated Excavated Linear feature with no finds 2067 Stonehenge Bottom PIT High None Unknown 413030 141980 Undated Excavated Trackway with no finds 2068 NE of Oatlands Hill LINEAR FEATURE High Unknown 409260 141280 SE aligned excavated ditch and finds 2069 North of Normanton Gorse LINEAR FEATURE High Unknown 411710 141810 Undated Excavated Shallow Gully 2070 Plantation SE of Stonehenge PIT High None Unknown 412930 141920 Excavated Undated Gully 2071 Winterbourne Stoke Crossroads FINDSPOT High Bronze Age 410090 141510 Bronze Age Excavated pit 2072 Through Normanton Gorse to Wilsford BURIAL High Bronze Age 411460 141770 Single find of Pottery within a Tree throw

2073 North of The Cursus PIT High None Later Prehistoric 413080 143230 Two undated enexcavated linear features 2075 Stonehenge BURIAL High None Saxon 412250 142170 A) A skeleton excavated by William Hawley and his assistant Robert Newall in 1923 and thought to be Neolithic or Roman, was proved by a new study to be Anglo-Saxon. The skeleton (numbered 4.10.4) was of a male aged 23-32, who had been beheaded, probably w

2078 Near the Conigre INDUSTRIAL SITE High Buried Prehistoric 407550 142200 The remains of a burnt flint floor/scatter was found during 2003. 2080 South east of Stonehenge FINDSPOT High Bronze Age 412700 141900 Flanged copper alloy axe of Arreton Down Tradition with chevrons hammered on both faces. Found by donor while digging a trench at Amesbury. 2082 Rollestone Landing Ground MILITARY AIRFIELD SITE High Destroyed None Modern 408600 143900 A World War I balloon school established in 1916, when the Royal Flying Corps took over 150 acres of land. There were 155 Instructional Staff, with students, averaging 25 officers and 120 men. The school came under the RAF on its formation on 01/04/1918.T

2085 Longbarrow Crossroads LINEAR FEATURE High Unknown 407500 141480 Trenches had been positioned to investigate weak linear and pit-type geophysical anomalies. Two trenches revealed a north to south aligned ditch predicted in the geophysical survey as a weak trend. Worked flint flakes were recovered from this. To the sou 2086 Longbarrow Crossroads PIT High None Iron Age 407600 141480 Trench situated on a south-facing slope above the Till valley, revealed a shallow pit. The pit was large (2m in length) but relatively shallow (0.35m). Finds of worked and burnt, unworked flint, animal bone and pottery of Iron Age date were recovered fro

2089 Durrington Down FINDSPOT High Ploughed Bronze Age 412280 143490 Archaeological fieldwalking survey conducted in 2004. Small concentrations of worked and burnt flint as well as Bronze Age pottery obtained. WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 2091 Normanton Down FINDSPOT High Unknown Bronze Age 411780 141370 Archaeological fieldwalking within the Normanton Down barrow cemetary yielded a small number of worked flint, possibly dateable to the Bronze Age. 2093 Airman's Cross Memorial Stone High None Modern 409859 142854 Memorial cross erected to commemorate the deaths of Captain Lorraine and Staff Sgt. Wilson in what is believed to be the fir 2100 Anti-tank cubes Anti Tank Block High No surfac Modern 411000 142697 Anti-tank Cubes built during WWII 2110 Fargo Horse Isolation Ho HORSE HOSPITAL High No surfac Modern 410960 143718 Hospital for horses built at the start of the 20th Century 2113 Stonehenge Airfield AIRFIELD High No surfac Modern 411059 142106 Airfield composed of Handley-Page Hangars, grass airstrip and day and night camps. Buildings re-used in 1920s as a Pedigree 2114 Fargo Salisbury Plain Mi MILITARY HOSPITAL High None Modern 411062 143833 Hospital constructed in 1914, later used as Officers' accommodation and renamed Fargo Lodge 2117 Sewage works SEWAGE WORKS High No surfac Modern 412251 141624 Sewage works built between WWI and WWII 2123 Oatlands Hill Airfield AIRFIELD High Modern 409320 140622 Airfield comprising technical buildings and accommodation built during WWII 2125 Rollestone Landing Groun AIRFIELD High None Modern 408565 143791 Airfield in use during WWII 2129 Durrington Camp MILITARY CAMP High Modern 412537 143589 Military Camp shown on 1948 map 2136 Dew pond E of A360 DEWPOND Low Extant None Post Medieval 409870 142737 A square dew pond of the type cut by families from Imber. Shown on OS 1st edition (c.1887), date unknown. 2137 ROLLESTONE MANOR MANOR Medium Grade II 407310 143182 AMESBURY ROAD 2138 CHURCH OF ST ANDREW CHURCH High Grade II* 407349 143115 AMESBURY ROAD 2139 MILES MONUMENT IN THE COMMEMORATIVE Medium Grade II 407359 143098 AMESBURY ROAD CHURCHYARD ABOUT 5 METRES MONUMENT SOUTH OF CHANCEL OF CHURCH OF ST ANDREW 2140 THE OLD RECTORY Rectory Medium Grade II 407295 143090 AMESBURY ROAD 2141 MILESTONE APPROXIMATELY 60 MILESTONE Medium Grade II 409220 145984 BUSTARD ROAD METRES SOUTH OF BUSTARD HOTEL 2142 MILESTONE APPROXIMATELY 120 MILESTONE Medium Grade II 409694 144482 B3086 METRES SOUTH OF JUNCTION WITH BUSTARD ROAD 2143 SHREWTON HOUSE AND FRONT HOUSE Medium Grade II 407219 144791 ELSTON LANE RAILINGS 2144 KUCHING COTTAGE Cottage Medium Grade II 407103 144466 LONDON ROAD 2145 JASMINE COTTAGE Cottage Medium Grade II 407169 143172 ROLLESTONE ROAD 2146 HALFWAY COTTAGE Cottage Medium Grade II 407174 143146 ROLLESTONE ROAD 2147 MILESTONE MILESTONE Medium Grade II 409952 139634 DEVIZES ROAD 2148 ASSERTON HOUSE HOUSE Medium Grade II 407471 139394 DUCK STREET 2149 MANOR FARMHOUSE FARMHOUSE Medium Grade II 407147 139335 HIGH STREET 2150 GODWINS HOUSE Medium Grade II 407140 139364 HIGH STREET 2151 THE BOOT INN PUBLIC HOUSE Medium Grade II 407177 139487 HIGH STREET 2154 MILESTONE NEAR JUNCTION WITH MILESTONE Medium Grade II 413866 141894 STONEHENGE ROAD A303(T) 2155 MOOR HATCHES HOUSE Medium Grade II 413867 140971 2156 MILESTONE APPROXIMATELY 850 MILESTONE Medium Grade II Post Medieval 410680 141594 A303(T) METRES EAST OF LONGBARROW ROUNDABOUT 2157 BEECHWAY HOUSE Medium Grade II 413438 139884 LAKE 2158 NORMANTON HOUSE HOUSE Medium Grade II 413948 140086 2159 THE RED HOUSE HOUSE Medium Grade II 413447 139840 WILSFORD 2160 CHURCH OF ST MICHAEL CHURCH High Grade II* 413478 139802 WILSFORD WA ID Name Monument Type Importance Condition Designation Period Easting Northing Summary 2161 GREY MONUMENT IN COMMEMORATIVE Medium Grade II 413450 139807 WILSFORD CHURCHYARD, APPROXIMATELY 12 MONUMENT METRES SOUTH WEST OF TOWER, CHURCH OF ST MICHAEL 2162 LODER MONUMENT IN COMMEMORATIVE Medium Grade II 413456 139812 WILSFORD CHURCHYARD, APPROXIMATELY 5 MONUMENT TO 7 METRES SOUTH WEST OF WEST TOWER, CHURCH OF ST MICHAEL 2163 TWO MONUMENTS IN COMMEMORATIVE Medium Grade II 413459 139811 WILSFORD CHURCHYARD, APPROXIMATELY 3 MONUMENT TO 5 METRES WEST OF WEST TOWER, CHURCH OF ST MICHAEL 2164 BASE OF CROSS IN CHURCHYARD, CROSS Medium Grade II 413479 139797 WILSFORD APPROXIMATELY 1 METRE SOUTH OF CHANCEL, CHURCH OF ST MICHAEL 2165 UNIDENTIFIED CHEST TOMB IN TOMB Medium Grade II 413482 139795 WILSFORD CHURCHYARD, APPROXIMATELY 1 METRE SOUTH OF CHANCEL, CHURCH OF ST MICHAEL 2166 FOSTER LODGE MONUMENT IN COMMEMORATIVE Medium Grade II 413482 139792 WILSFORD CHURCHYARD, APPROXIMATELY 4 MONUMENT METRES SOUTH OF CHANCEL, CHURCH OF ST MICHAEL 2167 WILSFORD HOUSE HOUSE High Grade II* 413401 139731 WILSFORD 2168 DOVECOTE AT WILSFORD HOUSE HOUSE Medium Grade II 413465 139788 WILSFORD 2169 GRANARY AT WILSFORD HOUSE HOUSE Medium Grade II 413490 139750 WILSFORD 2170 WILSFORD COTTAGE Cottage Medium Grade II 413462 139912 WILSFORD 2171 THE PARSONAGE Parsonage Medium Grade II 413635 140092 WILSFORD 2172 MILESTONE WEST OF B3083 MILESTONE Medium Grade II 407477 141023 A303(T) JUNCTION 2173 MANOR HOUSE MANOR Medium Grade II* 407590 140965 A303(T) 2174 MILESTONE APPROXIMATELY 100 MILESTONE Medium Grade II Post Medieval 409947 141252 A360 METRES SOUTH OF LONGBARROW ROUNDABOUT AT JUNCTION WITH A303 2175 BRIDGE COTTAGE Cottage Medium Grade II 407704 140954 CHURCH STREET 2176 BRIDGE OVER RIVER TILL BRIDGE Medium Grade II 407704 140925 CHURCH STREET 2177 RIVERSIDE COTTAGE Cottage Medium Grade II 407734 140890 CHURCH STREET 2178 OLD GLEBE FARMHOUSE FARMHOUSE Medium Grade II 407730 140887 CHURCH STREET 2179 CHURCH OF ST PETER CHURCH High Grade II* 407688 140651 CHURCH STREET 2180 FIVE GOODENOUGH MONUMENTS COMMEMORATIVE Medium Grade II 407726 140656 CHURCH STREET IN CHURCHYARD, APPROXIMATELY MONUMENT 10 METRES NORTH EAST OF CHANCEL CHURCH OF ST PETER

2181 CHURCH COTTAGE Cottage Medium Grade II 407671 140620 CHURCH STREET 2182 UPPER CLOSE HOUSE Medium Grade II 407751 140740 VILLAGE CENTRE 2183 AIRMEN'S CROSS AT JUNCTION OF MILESTONE Medium Grade II Post Medieval 409827 142880 A344 AND A360 2184 K6 Telephone Kiosk TELEPHONE BOX Medium 407140 139307 HIGH STREET Wessex Archaeology 146000

Study Area

Scheme Area

World Heritage Site boundary 145000 Landscape Features

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144000 Skyline

143000 Cursus Ridge

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142000 Winterbourne Stoke Ridge

Normanton Down Ridge

141000

Revision Number: 0 River Avon Illustrator: MJC Date: 17/07/2009

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5 1376 1320 852 1361 1313 916917 890 858 1952 1563 1438 1396 1260 1231 1159 1259 1219 1179 1139 1050 1003 1951 1397 13451333 13051298 1427 1387 1314 1281 1962 889 1360 2100 933 886 851 1558 1422 1327 1342 1272 1206 1239 1059 927 943 892 1953 1591 1421 1301 Wessex 1375 867 868 1395 881 Archaeology 1391 1226 910 877 850 1499 1026 885 991 909 876 862 847 1954 1005 985 872 855 1959 829 1590 1138 849 1589 1562 1533 1503 1479 1131 976 905 891 Study Area 1418 1099 1058 1056 816817 1485 1107 1098 897 2109 1166 1108 1057 1488 10801063 949 896 1095 1053 915 857 822 815 Scheme Area 1489 1076 950 884 836827 1546 1090 1985 1134 1071 1007 980 951 908 903 1465 1084 1968 1311 1147 1070 1038 952 914 1515 2113 1164 1073 1066 912 902 1218 1146 953 1989 World Heritage Site boundary 1130 1074 901 1374 1142 1464 1174 1158 1075 930 911 1990 1045 1002 142000 2067 931932 1478 900 Scheduled Monuments 1584 1580 1468 1243 1145 995990 979 843 818 1144 971 919 895 1497 1490 1999 898 812 1597 1587 1308 1579 2070 974 941 899 1594 1582 1508 1498 1258 1022 984 2154 819 Recorded archaeology 1251 956 1592 1578 1522 1436 1257 986 977 963 1586 1524 1588 1512 1496 2046 838 1545 1514 1432 1434 2069 982978 1554 1526 1519 1437 1435 1302 2072 Listed building 1559 1256 834 1566 1540 1525 1539 1278 1581 1551 2066 2117 1556 1532 Prehistoric 2065 1178 961 936 1557 1329 1092 1596 1521 2156 1266 968 904 1585 1564 2071 1021 1385 970 875 Palaeolithic 15751574 1550 1384 948 1386 1287 1593 2047 981 2063 2064 1294 1186 866 Mesolithic 1169 994 983 2062 1185 865 1400 1244 1168 1000 1280 1200 1155 1253 1240 1173 1106 992 1371 1310 1189 1137 999 Neolithic 1241 1222 1184 1163 1115 928 2174 1472 1250 1141 1454 1449 1211 1127 2061 1473 1238 1094 1051 1453 1448 1072 1049 1452 1061 1029 Bronze Age 1569 1447 1105 1037 1451 1450 1055 1028 1568 2045 1471 1456 2044 2049 12331214 1136 1467 1303 1286 Iron Age 1410105053 1236 1111 1470 1367 1297 1284 1265 1230 2155 1033 1196 1082 874 Later Prehistoric to Romano-British 940 1544 1336 1089 2016 1573 1381 1366 1262 Romano-British

1279 1104 960 939 1406 1277 954 Anglo-Saxon 1459 1399 1062 1097 1304 1267 821 846 Medieval 1268 1081 1083 1269 1249 1013 1426 1326 1088 1079 854 1275 1123 1276 1271 1254 1087 1307 1255 1204 1091 Post-medieval 1274 969 1572 1205 1126 1121 1407 1339 1408 1348 1122 2015 1538 1383 1344 1409 934 Modern 1417 1410 1369 1416 1419 1405 13581338 1420 1404 1365 1549 1415 1398 1347 1285 Undated 14141413 1264 1380 1357 1341 1403 1337 1125 2158 1359 2171 814 1379 1335 1103 140000 1343 1324 1086 Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey material with permission of 2170 Ordnance Survey on behalf of the controller of Her Majesty's Stationery 2157 Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown 1177 1135 1124 1199 1162 2159 2163 Copyright and may lead to prosecution or criminal proceedings. 1229 1225 1151 2162 2160 English Heritage 100019088. 2009. 2161 2165 1176 2166 883 1217 1140 1133 2168 1203 894 2164 This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. 1188 1161 1552 2169 No unauthorised reproduction. 1170 1143 2167 1154 0 0.5 km 2147 1054 967 1487 1183 1019 Revision Number: 0 1309 1370 Illustrator: MJC/LJC

1195 Date: 17/07/2009 1440 1221 12201182 1048 1150 1052 Scale: 1:30,000 at A3 1120 X:\PROJECTS\71650\WAH GIS\ 0 0 0 0 0

0 2112 0 0 0 0 Path: FigsMXD\SEIP_DBA_F2.mxd 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 4 4 4

Scheduled Monuments and recorded sites within the Study Area Figure 2d 1320 1844 1827 1808 1790 1601 1361 1313 1664 1563 1438 1396 17851784 1744 1683 1603 1397 13451333 1743 1427 1387 1314 1821 1745 1360 2100 1558 1422 1327 1342 1421 1640 1591 1375 Wessex 13951391 Archaeology 1499 1771 1626 1703 1649 1772 1759 1706 1650 1609 1778 1776 1770 1707 1590 1774 1769 1533 1479 1765 1589 1562 1503 Study Area 17731766 1418 1780 1757 1485 18341830 1767 1775 1488 1489 Scheme Area 1546 1820 1465 1661 2113 1311 1818 1636 1515 World Heritage Site boundary 1817 1801 1641 1374 1464 1816 1810 1815 1805 142000 1809 1814 1803 1584 1580 1478 1468 Scheduled Monuments 1813 1804 1802 1792 1497 1490 18121807 1597 1587 18001798 1579 1594 1582 1508 1498 Recorded archaeology 1592 1578 1522 1436 1712 15881586 1524 1496 1545 1512 1514 1432 1434 1600 1554 1526 1519 1437 1435 1559 Listed building 1566 1540 1525 1539 1581 1551 1556 1532 Prehistoric 1557 2156 13292065 1605 1596 1521 1602 1585 1623 1564 2071 1684 1385 Palaeolithic 15751574 1550 1384 1386 1593 1613 2063 2064 1782 1607 Mesolithic 1777 2062 1400 1758 2068 2055 2059 2060 2056 2057 1371 1310 2053 2058 2174 Neolithic 1760 2054 1756 2052 1472 1454 1449 2061 1473 1633 1604 1453 1448 1569 1452 1447 Bronze Age 1634 1451 1450 1568 2045 1471 1456 2049 2172 1467 141000 1779 1553 Iron Age 2175 1470 1367 2173 2176 1630 2177 1794 1632 2178 Later Prehistoric to Romano-British 1544 1336 2016 1573 1629 1381 1366 Romano-British 2182

1806 1734 1406 Anglo-Saxon 1696 1679 2123 1459 2181 21792180 165816541645 1399 1705 1676 Medieval 1702 1666 2013 1625 1426 1326 Post-medieval 1572 1407 1339 1408 1348 2015 1538 1383 1409 1344 Modern 1417 1410 1369 1416 1819 1419 1405 13581338 1657 1404 1621 1420 1365 1549 1415 1398 1347 14141413 Undated 1380 1357 1341 1403 1337 1832 1359 1379 1335 140000 2012 1343 1324 Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey material with permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or criminal proceedings. English Heritage 100019088. 2009.

2147 0 500 m 1717 1487 1617 Revision Number: 0 2151 1309 1624 1370 1619 Illustrator: MJC/LJC 2148 2150 16561652 Date: 17/07/2009 1824 1440 2184 2149 Scale: 1:30,000 at A3 X:\PROJECTS\71650\WAH GIS\ 0 0 0 0 2112 0 0 0 0 0 0 Path: FigsMXD\SEIP_DBA_F2.mxd 0 0 0 0 0 7 8 9 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 4 4 4 4 4

Scheduled Monuments and recorded sites within the Study Area Figure 2c 2099 Wessex 146000 Archaeology 1481 1516 1518 1517 1482 1323 922 2132 1455 1372 1373 1577 1461 Study Area

2134 Scheme Area 1537 987

2121 2135 World Heritage Site boundary 1128 1511 1393 1227 1484 1148 1078 Scheduled Monuments

2119 1543 2131 Recorded archaeology 1009

Listed building 1356 2019

1328 Prehistoric 2020997

145000 Palaeolithic 1529 1390 1246 2120 1536 1392 Mesolithic 2098 2092 1425 1401 2107 1293 Neolithic 1505 1501 1483 1232 1504 1506 1466 2116 2108 993 Bronze Age 1494 2097 15101509 2115 1441 2130 Iron Age 2103 1319 1299 2104 1445 1332 1248 2102 1444 Later Prehistoric to Romano-British 1460 1388 1334 1034 1528 1424 1561 1457 14431439 1289 1458 1431 1412 1389 1555 1288 2126 926 Romano-British 1476 1547 1325 1486 2105 1261 1209 1160 1270 1216 1190 1175 Anglo-Saxon 1300 1242 1223 1171 1153 2128 1228 972 957 1598 1215 1198 1165 1152 1535 1096 964 2127 1208 1167 1197 959 Medieval 144000 946 1433 1354 1212 965 955 1191 2096 1315 1036 945 Post-medieval 2118 2114 2095 1235 Modern 864 2110 1064 1047 1042 2101 887 870 860 1322 1101 880 859 848 Undated 1245 879 869 826 1085 2129 878 1492 1110 1031 871 1491 1429 1114 1041 996 861 863 1077 1112 1032 1030 1411 1368 1201 1119 1428 1116 1004 1500 1442 1382 1346 1016 1595 1542 1523 1495 1012 1010 1513 1068 1017 Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey material with permission of 1534 1567 1330 1100 1008 2122 Ordnance Survey on behalf of the controller of Her Majesty's Stationery 1317 1156 1011 Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown 1583 1109 1331 1118 1020 825 Copyright and may lead to prosecution or criminal proceedings. 1113 1965 921 English Heritage 100019088. 2009. 1318 1006 1967 1975 918 1960 1527 1295 925 893 853 This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. 944 920 1963 1966 2073 937 No unauthorised reproduction. 924 1321 1964 837 1493 1475 1956 1363 8202133 0 0.5 1480 1973 km 1377 1971 975 823 1469 835 832 1950 143000 1353 1044 929 842 824 Revision Number: 0 1576 1352 1972 831 828 1351 830 839 1948 1350 1983 Illustrator: MJC/LJC 1988 1541 1349 1340 1067 833 1172 1961 873 1463 1423 Date: 17/07/2009 1362 1312 1207 1180 1014 844 1376 1320 1361 917 852 1952 1438 1313 916 890 858 Scale: 1:30,000 at A3 1563 1396 12601259 12311219 11591139 1397 2100 1333 1179 1050 1003 1951 1345 13051298 X:\PROJECTS\71650\WAH GIS\ 0 0 0 0 1427 1387 0 1314 1281 1962 889 0 0 0 0 1360 0 933 886 851 Path: FigsMXD\SEIP_DBA_F2.mxd 0 0 0 0 1422 0 1327 0 2 3 4 1558 1 1272 1 1 342 1206 1 1 1

4 4 1239 4 4 4 1059 943 927 892 1953 1591 1421 1301 1375 867 868 Scheduled Monuments and recorded site13s9 5within the Study Area 881 Figure 2b 1391 1226 910 877 850 1499 1026 885 2124 Wessex 146000 Archaeology 2141 1481 1811 1516 1518 1517 1482 1323 2132 1455 1372 1606 1373 1577 1461 Study Area

2134

1537 Scheme Area

1611 2121 World Heritage Site boundary

1511 1393 1484 Scheduled Monuments 1700

1843 1543 Recorded archaeology 1722

2106 1356 Listed building

1328 Prehistoric

145000 2111 1529 1390 Palaeolithic 1711 1708 1673 1709 1536 1732 1716 1791 1720 1710 2011 1740 1729 1392 Mesolithic 17411739 1699 1748 1701 1698 1660 2143 2092 1425 1401 1749 1723 1715 2107 1762 1735 1718 1665 1750 1727 Neolithic 1742 1505 1728 1501 1483 1504 1738 1670 1506 1466 1737 1659 2108 1672 1648 1494 2097 Bronze Age 1639 15101509 2115 1651 1441 2130 2142 Iron Age 2144 1754 1319 1445 1332 1444 Later Prehistoric to Romano-British 1460 1334 1675 1424 1388 1528 1457 1561 14431439 1412 1682 1663 1458 1431 1389 1825 1667 1627 1555 Romano-British 1628 1476 1631 1547 1325 1693 1669 1638 1486 2105 16441635 1615 1610 1647 Anglo-Saxon 1653 1637 1662 1598 1764 1535 1668 Medieval 144000 1622 1433 1354 1671 1315 1787 Post-medieval 2114 2125 1835 1733 1833 Modern 1721 2110 1797 1763 1322 Undated 14911492 1429 1783 1687 1686 1836 1685 1411 1681 1428 1368 1690 1786 1688 1500 1442 1382 1346 1595 1542 1523 1495 1677 1513 Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey material with permission of 1678 1534 1567 1330 Ordnance Survey on behalf of the controller of Her Majesty's Stationery 1583 O1f3fi1ce7 © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown 1822 1796 1331 Copyright and may lead to prosecution or criminal proceedings. 1646 1E3n1g8lish Heritage 100019088. 2009. 1599 1527 1747 This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. 1751 No unauthorised reproduction. 2145 2137 2146 1746 1493 1475 1321 2139 1363 0 0.5 1978 1480 2140 2138 1795 1377 km 1841 1620 1469 1831 1976 1949 1353 143000 Revision Number: 0 1576 1352 1351 1350 Illustrator: MJC/LJC 1840 2183 2093 1988 1541 1349 1340 1731 1789 2014 1463 1423 1362 Date: 17/07/2009 1823 1788 1376 1320 1827 1790 1601 1361 1844 1808 1664 1438 1313 1784 1563 1396 Scale: 1:30,000 at A3 1785 1744 1683 1397 2100 1333 1743 1603 1427 1345 X:\PROJECTS\71650\WAH GIS\ 0 0 0 0 1387 0 1314 0 0 0 0 1821 1745 1360 0 Path: FigsMXD\SEIP_DBA_F2.mxd 0 0 0 0 1558 1422 0 1327 7 8 9 0 1

0 0 0 1 1 342 4 4 4 4 4 1421 1640 1591 1375 Scheduled Monuments and recorded sites within the Study Area Figure 2a 13951391 1499 1771 1626 2124 2099 Wessex 146000 2141 2132 Archaeology

2134

2121 2135 Study Area

2119 2131 Scheme Area 2106 World Heritage Site boundary 145000 2111 2120

2092 2098 2143 2107 Scheduled Monuments

2108 2116 2097 2115 2130 Recorded archaeology 2144 2142 2104 21022103

2126 Listed building 2105 21272128 Prehistoric 144000 20952096 2114 2118 2125 Palaeolithic 2110 2101 2129 Mesolithic 2122

2137 Neolithic 2145 2146 2139 2133 2140 2138 143000 Bronze Age 2183 2093 2100 Iron Age

Later Prehistoric to Romano-British

2109 Romano-British 2113

142000 Anglo-Saxon 2154 Medieval 2117 2156 Post-medieval

2174 Modern

2172 141000 2175 21732177 2155 Undated 2178 2176 2182 2179 2123 2181 2180

Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey material with permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of the controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office © Crown copyright. Unauthorised reproduction infringes Crown Copyright and may lead to prosecution or criminal proceedings. English Heritage 100019088. 2009. 2171 2158 This material is for client report only © Wessex Archaeology. 140000 2157 No unauthorised reproduction. 2170 2159 2165 222211116666123840 0 1 2169 2166 km 2167 2147 Revision Number: 0 2151 2150 2148 Illustrator: MJC/LJC 2184 2149 2112 Date: 17/07/2009

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