A Guide for Collectors

A G UIDE FOR C OL L E C TOR S

CLARA HALLARD FAWCETT

ILLUSTRATIONS BY THE AUTHOR

D I P H L . LI T B ICA . N QU S U L TIONS

2 WEST 46th STREET

NEW YORK 19 , N . Y . C O PY RI G H T 1 9 4 7 B Y

H . L . L IN DQ U IS T P U B L IC A T IO N S

F IR S T P R IN T IN G

P R IN T E D A N D B DU N D IN U . S . A .

C O N T E N T S

C hap ter

1 W IS ? . HAT A D OLL

ON COLLE CTING D OLLS— W HERE TO B UY ; W HAT TO PAY ;

DOLLS W ORTH COLLE CTING

EARLY TOY DOLLS

D OLLS OF TH E NINETEENTH CENTURY

' CH II A - HEADED D OLLS A N D THEIR MARKS

BIS QUE D OLLS A ND THEIR MARKS

DOLLS OF PAPIER MACHE A ND COMPOSITION

HAND - MADE D OLLS

TH E CHRISTMAS CRIB

TH E CLOTH D OLL WO ODEN D OLLS

TH E W A X D OLL METAL D OLLS LEATHE R D OLLS

RUBBER D OLLS CELLULOID D OLLS OLD PAPER D OLLS

PUPPET S A ND H OW THEY A RE MADE

EXHIBITING D OLLS FOR FUN A N D PROFIT

RE STORING THE OL D D OLL

COLLE CTORS ’ DOLLS PATENTED IN AMERI CA CONTENTS "Continu ed]

C hapter

22 . SHOPS IN AMERI CA SELLING ANTIQUE D OLLS MUSEUMS W HERE DOLLS MAY B E SEEN

24 L — . BIB IOGRAPHY D OLLS

25 M F OR . USIC COMPOSED DOLLS

6 ON E T 2 . LITERATURE PUPP S ILLUSTRATIONS

Iliu s tration Page N u mber N ambe E 1 . D OLLS IN ANTIQUITY . GERMAN , BRONZE ; GRE K , TERRA W COTTA ; E GYPTIAN, O OD ( BEAD HAIR) 2 N W . ALASKA O ODEN D OLL '

2000 B . W . . 3 . OODEN BREAD KNEADE R EGYPTIAN , CIRCA C 18th 4. WOODEN BREAD KNEADER . GERMAN , CENTURY " “ ” 5 D 00 AN 600 . . ? COPTI C STUFF D OLLS , ABOUT A D 3 12th 9 GERMAN CLAY D OLL , CENTURY N A GREEK CLAY BABY DO LL FROM ANTIQUITY ; 19th CEN TURY W OODEN BABY D OLL FROM OB E RAMME R

G OTHIC CLAY DOLL FROM N UREMBE RG W 5 W . 16 0 GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS OF S EDEN OOD . CIRCA 17th CENTURY BAB Y D OLL IN W HEEL CHAIR TW W 1 00 A O OODEN QUEEN ANNE DOLLS , CIRCA 7 , ND AN 18th CEN TURY FREN CH FASHION D OLL CHINA D OLL LEGS AND ARMS

DOLL LE G OF COTT ON W ITH STIT CHED - ON STO CKIN G AND BOOT

AMERICAN - MADE D OLL BODIE S

BROWN - EYED DOLL OF 1840 W ITH TYPI CAL CLOTH BODY PUMPKIN H E AD CIRCA 1850 TINY BISQUE DOLLS 90 YEARS OLD AND DRESSED UNDRE SSED BISQUE WALKING D OLL . ’ h 19t . W m. FRENCH , LATE CENTURY COURTE SY MRS .

W . KNOBLO CH , ASHINGT ON , D C . CRE EPING D OLL OF 1871

I " 6 W 18 9 . ALKING D OLL , CIRCA CHINA HEAD PATENT DRAW ING FOR W ALKING DOLL OF 1869 PATENT DRAWING FOR WALKING D OLL OF 1873

“ - - th GERMAN BIS QUE HEADED , KID BODIED D OLL . LATE 19

CENTURY . COURTESY MRS . FRANKLIN HILL DAVIS ,

’ FRENCH D OLL OF T HE 1860 s W ITH UNUSUAL JOINT S

- 1 40 CHINA HEADED PEDDLER D OLL , CIRCA 8 THE W ORKING D OLL

1870 . JUMEAU DOLL OF COURTESY MRS . HENRY A . DIA

2 - 8 . 18 FRENCH BIS QUE HEADED DOLL , CIRCA 90 W l 8 8o’ D OLL ITH BIS QUE HEAD , ARMS AND LEGS , CIRCA s 30 1 32 3 . T F 1 h , , THREE COMMON VARIE IE S O LATE 9t CENTURY CHINA HEADS

4 - 33 3 . , MORE COMMON LAT E CHINA HEAD S 5 W H 3 . D OTTER D OLL IT PATENTED CORSETS ILLUSTRATIONS "Contin u ed] Illu s tration

N u mber 36 . GOLDSMITH D OLL NVITH PATENTED CORSETS

37 - . CHINA HEAD CIRCA 18 80

’ 3 8 3 9 - . 1 , BROTHER SISTER CHINA HEADS , CIRCA 880 s

’ 40 41 - , . BROTHER SISTER CHINA HEADS OF THE LATE l 88o s 2 4 . W 1885 CHINA HEAD ITH ITS FOOT AND ARM ,

’ 43 . UNUSUAL CHINA HEAD OF THE LATE 1870 s 44 N . CHI A HEAD \VITH ITS FOOT AND ARM COMMON DURING ’ THE l 870 s

45 - . GERMAN BLOND CHINA HEAD OF 18 68

’ ’ 4 N - - 6 . CHI A HEAD OF THE 1850 s 1860 s

’ 4 NK - 7. PI LUSTER CHINA HEAD OF THE 1840 s

4 W A R - 8 . CIVIL BENEFIT CHINA HEADED DOLL

’ — A 49 . UNUSUAL CHINA HE DED DOLL OF THE 1850 s 50 W . CHINA HEAD ITH BRUSH MARKS AT TEMPLE AND W C 18 65 BRO N EYE S , IRCA “ ’ VV IN N I E - 8 DAVIS , A CHINA HEADED SURVIVAL OF 1 70 .

CONFEDERATE MUSEUM , RICHMOND , VA

THREE RARE CHINA - HEADED DOLLS

- 18 60 CHINA HEADED DOLL , CIRCA _ CHINA HEAD CALLED MARY T ODD LIN COLN

’ 55 1870 s . CHINA HEAD OF THE EARLY 5 6 5 “ ” “ ” 7. C C OV , HILD AND LADY CHINA HEADS OF THE ERED W AGON ERA 58 IN L D 18 6 . R G E TTE C 0 BEAUTIFUL HINA HEAD OF ABOUT , SUPPOSED TO REPRESENT A DE L I N I PATTI ’ ’ ’ 1850 s 60 W 59 . CHINA HEAD OF THE LAT E AND EARLY s ITH ARM A N D LE G 45

60 61 — W A R W 45 , . PRE CIVIL CHINA HEAD S ITH ARM AND LE G ’

MRS . 2 OF TH E 1850 s . 6 . UNUSUAL CHINA HEAD COLLE CTION W D W . ILLIAM GARRISON , ASHINGT ON , C CHINA HEAD S OME TIMES CALLED DAGMAR ’

5 MRS . 4 18 0 s . 6 . UNUSUAL CHINA HEAD , CIRCA COLLE CTION II N A X MO T U . GE ORGE R . U , VASSE , TH E OF TH E OF 65 . JENNY LIND . COURTESY MUSEUM CITY N E W YORK

MID - 19th CENTURY BALD CHINA HEAD W ITH NATURAL

HAIR GLUED ON ; CHINA ARMS A ND LEGS . COURTESY TH E N E W YORK HISTORI CAL SO CIETY MUSEUM

EARLY 19th CENTURY W OODEN PE G- JOINTED DOLL W ITH GLAZED PINK LUSTER HEAD ’ ’ 1850 s - 18 60 s 68 W . . CHINA HEAD ITH GOLD LUSTER SNOOD

MRS . 69 C 1830 . FINE CHINA HEAD , IRCA COURTESY FRANK L IN HILL DAVIS 2 N V E RYW ORN A C H IN A H E ADE D OF 133 . U MISS , D OLL USUAL HAIRDRE SS ILLUSTRATIONS "C ontin u ed]

Illu s tration

N u mber “ 185 W 71 . 0 I EUGENIE , , TH LE G AND ARM

2 18 5 . W 0 . 7 . CHINA HEAD OF COURTESY MRS VIRGIL ILS ON HALL 3 18 60 R 7 CHINA HEAD OF UN USUAL INTERE ST , CIRCA . COU W I H E L W TESY MRS . GE ORGE C O

74- 8 N - 7 . U USUAL TINY CHINA HEADED D OLLS , AND A “ FROZEN CHARLOTT E ”

FUL PE R BIS QUE HEAD LAT EST 2oth CENTURY JUMEAU FRENCH D OLL EARLY “ CHILD JUMEAU ’ JUMEAU LADY D OLL OF TH E 18 60 s N N U MRS . U US AL SMILING J UMEAU , COURTESY FRANKLI HILL DAVIS 18 6 TH E L J UMEAU FRENCH DOLL , CIRCA 0 . MARY AND HIS TORI CAL S O CIE TY M B R OF 18 68 R . M S . U FRENCH D OLL . COURTESY ELSIE A H W S K I W J C O D . , ASHINGT ON , . C H A L B I G 1890 SIMON GERMAN DOLL , CIRCA I F D OLL COMMEMORAT VE O BATTLESHIP MAINE . COUR R F TE SY M S . RANKLIN HILL DAVIS

GIBSON GIRL . BIS QUE HEAD , NATURAL HAIR , KESTNER KID BODY A KE STNE R BABY D OLL HEAD

’ ’ ROSE O NEILL S BIS QUE - HEADED KEW PIE

B Y E - L O BY S . BABY DE SIGNED GRA CE PUTNAM . MAD E

BABY D OLL HEAD DESIGNED B Y GE ORGENE AVERILL

LATE GERMAN A L L - BISQUE HEAD

“ ’ 1890 - 1920 NINE GERMAN FAMILY DOLLS , s

ARMOND MARSEILLE BIS QUE - H E A OE D BAL L - MOUNTED 2oth D OLL , CENTURY M 1920 ’ AR OND MARSEILLE FLAPPER GIRL , s ARMOND MARSEI LLE CHILD D OLL W ITH PAINTED ST O CK IN G-S A N D SHOES H A LB I G W ’ SIMON CLO N D OLL , CIRCA 1930 s

EARLIER GERMAN B I S QUE - HEADED CLOWN DOLL GERMAN BIS QUE HEAD W ITH MODELLED HAIR AN D INSET GLASS E YE S SIMON H A L B I G CHINESE HEAD OF BISQUE

GERMAN BIS QUE - HEADED B OY DOLL OF 1927

W - ILLOBY . GERMAN MADE GE B RUDE R HEUBACH BIS QUE HEAD MADE F OR EXPORT TO FRANCE ILLUSTRATIONS "C ontinu ed]

Illu s tration

N u mber

- - 105 111 . 18 5 18 FANCY PARIAN BISQUE HEADS FROM 7 81 .

. G COURTESY MRS E ORGE R . HUNT 112 113 . 1 , FANCY PARIAN H EADS , CIRCA 870

" ’ - 114. W 188 ALL BISQUE HEAD ITH T OPKNOT . GERMAN , 0 s

115 - . ALL BIS QUE BOY HEAD , CIRCA 1870

116 . 18 0 . PARIAN HEAD , CIRCA 7 C OURTESY THE LITTLE H W C . . MUSEUM ILL RE ST , ASHINGTON , D C 11 ” 7. 18 PARIAN BOY HEAD , CIRCA 60 118 W . FANCY PARIAN ITH ROSES IN HAIR , CIRCA 1870 1 “ ” 19 . THE BLUE S CARF DOLL 2 W 1 0 . BOY D OLL ITH BRUSHMARKS AT TEMPLE 2 ” 1 1 . MME . LE BON 122 . 18 65 LADY VALENTINE . BIS QUE , CIRCA 2 “ 1 3 . . 1 80 FREDDIE PARIAN BISQUE BOY , CIRCA 8

2 - 1 4 . 8 5 1 8 . ALL BISQUE HEAD , CIRCA GLAZED RIBBON BAND . T W I H E L OW COLLE C ION MRS . GEORGE C 125 W TA S TL E D . PARIAN HEAD ITH SNOOD AND TIARA , CIRCA 1860 . COLLE CTION MRS . GE O . R . HUNT

126 - . 1880 FRENCH ALL BIS QUE HEAD , CIRCA 12 W WA 7. HITE BIS QUE HEAD , CIVIL R PERIOD ’ 128 - 18 60 s . ALL BIS QUE HEAD , CIRCA 129 W 5 ’ . PARIAN HEAD ITH INSET GLASS EYES , CIRCA 18 0 s 130 18 6 . PRINCE SS PARIAN, CIRCA 0 1 1 1855 3 . PARIAN DOLL , CIRCA

W . PARIAN D OLL ITH BAND IN HAIR, LONG RINGLETS

COURTE SY MRS . FRANK C . D OBLE , CAMBRIDGE , MASS .

S UE - NE T 133 . UNUSUAL FRENCH BI Q HEADED D OLL WITH CORO 1880 BRAID , CIRCA

134. DAGMAR 135 . LADY BALTIMORE , A RARE DRE SDEN

13 6 - 1850- 1900 . FOUR SMALL ALL BISQUE DOLLS , 13 W 7. FINE GRADE STONE BIS QUE ITH SHIRRED BLOUSE ,

1 . CIRCA 890 . COURTESY MRS KATHRYN RODGERS ,

W . . ASHINGTON , D C 1 8 N 3 . LATE ST ONE BISQUE BO NET DOLL

13 - 18 80- 1914 9 . NINE BONNET HEADS FROM

N - UNUSUAL ST ONE BIS QUE BO NET HEADS , CIRCA R S M S . WM. 1330 . COURTESY GARRI ON 1 19th 43 . LATE CENTURY BONNET D OLL

N D ON - 144 . MARKS A NAMES FOUND BISQUE HEADED D OLLS , N E AN D B RU J . MEDAL 5 R A E OF 1310 14 . PAPIE M CH HEAD OF TH E E 146 . INEXPENSIVE DOLLS FIRST EMPIR PERIOD

l 9 h - MACH EH E ADE D 147. E ARLY t CENTURY PAPIER DOLLS ILLUSTRATIONS "C ontinu ed]

Illu s tration Page

N u mber N u mber

' - - A E 1830 148 . . BLUE EYED BRUNETTE PAPIER M CH HEAD , CIRCA W I H E L OW COURTESY MRS . GEORGE C ’ - 149 153 . GREINER S PATENT H EAD S 154 . UNUSUAL GRE INER HEAD ” - A E . UNN UMBERED NINA , PAPIER M CH COMPOSITION A D OLL W A R W HICH PLAYED A PART IN THE CIVIL . CONFEDER

ATE MUSEUM , RICHMOND , VA W 1937 155 . DE EE S CO CHRAN CHILD PORTRAIT D OLL , 15 6 . SHIRLEY TEMPLE DOLL SANS HAIR 15 7. MME . ALEXANDER MODERN COMPO SITION D OLL SANS HAIR

N . 58 . 1 . PE GGY , THE MCCALL FASHION MODEL COMPOSITIO

- 2 20th M 59 16 . CENTURY GER AN COMPOSITION FLIRTING E YE D OLLS 1909 163 . BILLIKEN,

164 - 1914 . PARSONS JACKS ON BABY DOLL , I ” BY 1 5 N W . 6 . ALI CE ONDERLAND HAND MADE D OLL MURIEL ATKINS BRUYE RE SKET CHE S FROM DOLLS S CULPTURED B Y GERTRUDE E MR W FLORIAN , DETROIT , MI CH . COURT SY S

- - F A E B Y MRS . 168 . HAND MADE DOLL HEAD O PAPIER M CH D L M . D. . B OYER , TAKOMA PARK ,

- W B Y 169 . HAND CARVED O ODEN D OLL CLAIRE HALLARD

D . W . C FA CETT , WASHINGT ON, ” A N 1 0 . F W 7 J O O LITTLE OMEN , AILEEN HARRIS DOLL CLOTH DOLLS W ITH EMBROIDERED FEATURE S BY R M S . WM. BERNARD RAVDA . COURTE SY KNOBLO CH

1 3 - 1923 7 . POMONA ( ENGLISH ) HAND PAINTED D OLLS , CIRCA 1 4 KA T H IN E 7 . C AMERICAN INDIAN D OLLS 1 5 W TH E 7 . AMERICAN RED ARE DOLLS FROM PENNSYLVANIA 1340 POTTERIE S , E 25 1 6 . 19 7 . MAD ONNA ITALIAN CR CHE FIGURE , 18th CENTURY ITALIAN CRE CHE FIGURE E BY AN D 173 . MODERN CR CHE D OLL KATHRYN ROD GERS EVELYN DUMB AUGH 3r 1 9 a. RA d A . D. 7 . G ROMAN D OLL , CENTURY ROYAL ONTARIO MUSEUM BY b . MODERN CLOTH D OLL D OROTHY HEIZER . E R B W M . D. . COURT SY FRANK NOYE S , ASHINGT ON , C 1 L N RA a. O G . 30 . D FRE CH D OLL W b . QUEEN ANNE CLOTH D OLL ITH EMBROIDERED FEATURE S ILLUSTRATIONS "C ontin u ed] Illu s tration

N u mber 1 6 1 A F . GROUP O AMERI CAN RAG DOLLS 182 IL . THE BERNHARD W MS E N DRESSED RA G DOLL OF 1395 18 3 TH E X “ ” . C O W 1 2 PALMER BRO NIES , 39 184 N . RAGGEDY ANDY A D RAGGEDY A NN

185 - . AMERICAN MADE CLOTH DOLL . MODERN . A BLOS SOM CREATION ”

18 6 - . AMERICAN MADE CLOTH DOLL . MODERN . GE ORGENE I N NOVELTIES C . 187 2 . 1 1 KATHE KRUSE DOLL , 9 18 8 . W 1903 MARGARET STEIFF FELT CLO N D OLL , 18 9 . . 1 21 LENCI ( ITALIAN) DOLL , 9 1 A N ’ 90 . 1 3 BAMBOLO REGINA , ITALIAN FELT DOLL , 9 0 s 1 W 91 . NORAH ELLINGS ( ENGLISH ) RA G BABY W ITH PAINTED

HAIR . MODERN 192 . TYPI CAL NORAH W ELLINGS DOLL 193 TW . O ENGLISH CLOTH DOLLS

194 — . RUSSIAN CLOTH D OLL UKRAINIAN WOMAN 195 “ . RUSSIAN CHILD CLOTH DOLL 1 6 Y 9 B O . . VILLAGE RUSSIAN

1 — F 97. GREEK FELT DOLL SOPHO CLE S O SKYROS

198 . FRENCH FELT D OLL 15 199 . POLISH VICTIMS RELIEF FUND D OLL OF 19 200 W W . LADY RALEIGH , BACK VIE OF FIRST KNO N EUROP V EAN DOLL T O ARRI E IN AMERI CA . DETAIL FROM RARE

A N 19th W PE MISS KNOT , EARLY CENTURY OODEN G JOINTED D OLL

OL D- W VI CKIE , STYLE MODERN OODEN DOLL W N E W IN 1925 HEIL , OODEN DOLL FROM EUROPE , LD ” A W OF A A GE MIS S O , OODEN DOLL UNCERT IN EAST INDIAN W OODEN PLAY DOLL OF 1374

MODERN W OODEN PE G- JOINTED DOLL FROM SW ITZER

W W 207. C CHINE SE DOLL ITH OODEN HEAD AND HANDS , IRCA 1930 W OODEN DOLLS FROM THE COLLE CTION OF QUEEN VI CTORIA " 0 W 1873 W . 9 . JOEL ELLIS O ODEN D OLL OF ; GE ORGE SANDERS W OODEN D OLL OF 1880

- VVO ODE N 1912 210 . . HARRY E S CHOENHUT ALL DOLL OF

18 60 . W AX HATTED D OLLS , CIRCA COURTESY MRS

2 W A X- 19th 13 . HEADED PEDDLER DOLL OF THE CENTURY

2 2 5 TW O - W A X 14 1 . , FA CED DOLLS ILLUSTRATIONS "C ontin u ed]

Illu s tration

N u mber

’ H E CK E N I S - WA X 1366 216 . D. C FOUR FACED D OLL HEAD , E WA X 21 MM . 7. MONTANARI DOLL HEAD

213 WA X - A E W A N D . OVER PAPIER M CH , O ODEN ARMS LE GS ’ R W M S . M. l 85o s . CO URTE SY GARRIS ON

- A E OF 21 W A X R . 9 . OVE PAPIER M CH COMPOSITION LIMBS ’ A 18 60 s SAME MATERIAL . L TE “ W A X- OV E R PA PIE R- A E OF 220 . GERALDINE , TYPI CAL M CH ’ ’ ’ TH E 1870 s — 8 0 s RE D 221 A X WA R . . W CIVIL BENEFIT D OLL CROSS MUSEUM W D ASHINGT ON , . C . 222 F W A N D PE R . CHARM D OLL O HITE GOLD ME TAL , F E C TLY JOINTED

2 W - 23 . S IS S METAL BALL JOINTED DOLL A N 1394 MINERVA D JUNO METAL DOLL HEADS ,

- 1350 W METAL HEADED DOLLS , CIRCA , ITH W OODEN

W AX TH E . A N D G . ARMS LE S , CLOTH B ODY OVER METAL

COURTESY MRS . FRANKLIN HILL DAVIS C AN D MORO C AN DOLLS , FISHERMAN H OUSEWIFE H E F W FROM T COLLE CTION O MRS . M. KNOBLO CH 23 1 . LEATHER BABY DOLL FROM MORO CCO

2 2 - W 3 . U P R R BBER H EADED DOLL ITH PAINTED EYE S , U I N 1935 CHASED HOLLAND ,

2 ALL - 33 . JENNY LIND RUBBER D OLL

OLD AN D N E W — 51 RUBBER D OLLS GO ODYEAR , 13 1941 NILSEN , THREE RUBBER DOLL HEAD S FROM TH E GO ODYEAR PATENT 2 TH E W W 3 7. E SLEY MILLE R HOLLO RUBBER D OLL OF 1375 H TH E A . W . MONROE ARD RUBBER HEAD OF 1375

39 . TYPI CAL SMALL RUBBER BABY D OLL 2 F 40 . UNMARKED RUBBER BABY DOLL O INTERE ST 2 41 . LEFFERT S CARPENTER CELLULOID D OLL OF 1331

’ BONNETED CELLULOID DOLL OF TH E 18 80 s N 242. U MARKED GERMAN CELLULOID HEAD OF B OY

243 . MOD UNMARKED CELLULOID HEAD , PAINTED EYE S , E LL E D HAIR 20th EARLY CENTURY CELLULOID HEAD . GLAS S EYES INSET

S CHULTZ BROS . GERMAN CELLULOID BABY HEAD 246 R . G B Y . S CHULTZ BROS E MAN CELLULOID O HEAD OF 1927 24 7. C W FRENCH ELLULOID D OLL , HILLCRE ST MUSEUM , ASH IN T N G . . O , D C ILLUSTRATIONS "Continu ed]

248 - . A L L UNMARKED CELLULOID DOLL , CIRCA 1390 249 D . CELLULOI DOLL W ITH NATURAL HAIR W IG 250 . GERMAN CELLULOID D OLL HEAD W ITH GLASS SLEEP IN G EYES ; INSET TEETH

251 - . 1935 ALL CELLULOID DOLL , D OLL W ITH C ELLULOID HEAD A N D 1 HANDS , CIRCA 930 252 . AN D F 1322 PAPER D OLL COSTUME O . COURTE SY MUS B UM OF TH E CITY OF N E W YORK

25 - 3 . 13 HAND PAINTED BALLET DANCER , 30 . COURTESY MUS E UH OF TH E CITY OF N E W YORK 185 ’ GIRL AND BOY PAPER DOLLS OF THE 0 s . COUR R M S . W D. TESY JENNY CALVERT , ASHINGTON, C . 25 E 6 . JENNY LIND PAP R D OLL W ITH SEPARATE W I G JENNY LIND COSTUME W ORN IN AN OPERATI C ROLE 25 MR T 8 . OM AN D S . L E THUMB COSTUME . C OURTESY MISS DE W D NORE GRANGE , ASHINGTON , . C . ’ A McL O H L IN F TH E UG BROS . PAPER D OLL O 1860 s 26 A N D E VA 0 . T OPSY PAPE R D OLLS 2 F 61 . U A N D Q EEN ISABELLA O SPAIN THREE COSTUMES . A ’ F TH E 1860 s RAPHAEL TUCK S ONS PAPER D OLL O . I C OURTE SY MISS LYD A HURD , BELMONT , MASS . ’ A GENTLEMAN PAPER D OLL OF TH E 1870 s 26 N D III 3 . PAPER D OLL A COSTUME FROM ARTISTIC SERIES 13 4 RAPHAEL T UCK SONS , Ltd 9 2 F 1394 W E . 64. PAPER DOLL O ITH YA CHTING COSTUM COUR TE SY TH E MUSEUM OF TH E CITY OF N E W YORK

2 5 F R . 6 . FOUR PAPER DOLLS USED O ADVERTISING PURPOSES N E W ' a . CORD OVA COFFEE ; b . ENGLAND MINCE MEAT ’ N ’ e O . . T . . . CLARK S COTTON ; d BARBOUR S IRISH FLAX

FOUR PAPER DOLLS W ITH COSTUMES . GERMAN

- IN 1330 SW INGING LIMBED PAPER DOLL , PATENTED AN 18th CENTURY PANTIN

DIAGRAM SHOW ING H OW T O MAKE A MARIONETTE CONTROLLER FOR MARIONETTE MARIONETTE DRE SSE D NVI TH STRINGS IN PLACE FIST PUPPE T HEAD AND BODY FIST PUPPET W ITH HAND IN PLACE DIAGRAM FOR RE CONSTRUCTING THE OLD D OLL BODY N 1 PRE CIV IL W A R O . PATTERN , PERIOD N 2 L O . BODY TYPE USED FOR LARGE DO LS , N 3 PATTERN O . , USED EXTENSIVELY DURING THE LAST QUARTER OF THE 19th CENTURY AND IN THE 20th IN APPRECIATION

hi h l f Mrs . W c e ow o Mr k s s s . l i George Boston , Ma , Fran lin Hi l Dav s, r M s . rs M . m of William Knobloch and Willia Garrison Washington D . C . , , I owe special thanks f or opening their doors so that I might sketch their dolls ’ to my heart s content .

To Mrs A UX M . . George R . Hunt of Vasse O for the splendid photographs, , k m from which I made some s etches , and to Miss Janet Pinney of the Museu of the City of New York f or her cooperation in preparing the illustrations r Off i for the chapter on Paper Dolls , and othe s who gave or ered help , ncluding h my husband and our daug ter , I owe a debt of gratitude . The illustrations of dolls which are not otherwise credited are from the r a Cla a and Cl ire Fawcett collections . k The hair of the dolls s etched , unless otherwise stated, is modelled of self material .

2 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

” “ are Such terms as p upil , puppy closely associated . F or instance

“ ” “ ” “ ” the pupil of the eye derives from pupilla , meaning a baby in the eye

a small reﬂection in the center of the eye . Citations off ered by the Century include

A maid makes cons ci ence of h alf- a- crown a-week ” f or ns and u e s t . ner pi p pp (ﬁ y) . “ — Fletcber Wit withou t Mone , y .

e d th dar n w m th s u a c B hol y li g , ho y o l ff e t s 50 clearly ; whom t hy fond i ndulgence decks And u et s u dres s es as a d in s t p p p p ( oll) of , in si ken w ds l ee . - uarle Em e s ms . Q , bl

F rom yonder p upp et- man enqu i re Who w se des his w d and re i ly hi oo wi .

— Swi/t .

O w m t he tale went t o tu rn u et — mas ter f ho p pp . “ Ben ons on N ew In l , n.

T u r ane r es s r of u et r tt e ho p of p of o p pp y, li l ” b etter t an r h p oet y.

— Ben on on art ol me a l s , B h o w F ir.

A man who s eldom ri des needs only to get in a c ac and t ra erse his own t wn t o tu rn o h v o , " the s t r e nt e - s w e t i o a p upp t ho .

— Emers on.

Turning to marionette in the Century we ﬁnd : A p uppet moved by strings ; one Of a set of such p up p ets used to represent characters on a mimic ” stage .

The philology of the word is fascinating . It comes from the French ” r di ma ionnette , little Marion , diminutive of Marion , which , itself , is the mi nu tiv e Mari ol ett e a of Marie , Mary , for , diminutive of Mariole , the name formerly given to little figures of the Virgin Mary . “ T r wo wo ds in this interpretation of marionette are of special appeal . ” “ ” “ s k : Character in the sense of actors refers bac to A person , a r of personage ; as , the noble cha acters ancient history ; a disreputable character ; ” of r m sp ecifically, one the persons rep esented in a drama or in fiction and ore “ or i : f a less d rectly relates to the combination o properties , qu lities or p eculiar ities which distingui shes one person or thing or one group of p ersons or things,

of r from others ; speciﬁcally, the sum the inherited and acqui ed ethical traits ” which give to a person his moral individuality .

' ” f an d Figures in the sense of representations o the human face form ,

. : the human body, comes from A visible obj ect or shap e ; especially , a human ” form as a whole ; an appearance rep resenting a body . “ “ ” ” e From figure to figurine is an easy step . The Century xplains r of A figure or group of figu es in any material , small and ornamental char ” r - k r acte ; specifically, such a figure in p ottery or metal wor p operly may be so WHAT I s A DOLL ? 3

n : n regarded . Then follows the clue for which we have been hu ting Figuri es of are especially abundant among the ancient remains Greece , E gypt , Assyria , of etc . After Alexander , from whose time dates the ornamentation the tombs f ” o . with figurines , Tanagra became the flourishing center its province f N ow at last we arrive at the goal o our inqui ry . The Century describes “ one of e e a Tanagra figurine as the small terracotta figur s of diviniti s , of mortals or of animals , found in various quantity and perfection throughout , k s Greek lands . These figures were in great demand among the Gree s as hou e t o f hold ornaments , and it was usual present them as o ferings in temples and

f . m d to bury several o them with a dead body They were , as a rule , cast in ol s r ak and then finished , often ve y delicately , by hand , and after the b ing they k were brilliantly colored . In them is preserved a charming memorial of Gree r private life in its va ious phases , such as the games of children and the ( do r mes ti c ) occupations of the women . They are commonly called Tanag a fig s urines becau e those first brought into public notice , as well as some of the m ost beautiful examples since found , come from the cemetery of Tanagra in ” Boeotia . f r It is di ficult to d aw the line between a figure and a doll . If, as has been it of t n explained , is a figure a person meant only as a play hing for a child , the or an idol a figurine might easily be classed as a doll , for the idol of one gen cration became the play doll of another ; the figures representing hawks ters common during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries are known as peddler dolls the creche or church figures used to depict the pageant of the r birth of Christ are ce tainly classed as dolls . Chapter 2

ON COLLECTING DOLLS

Where To Bu y; What To Pay;

ll n D o s Worth C oll ecti g.

INCE doll collecting, of recent years , has become among American women a k w l d a major hobby and comp ratively little is no n of the o doll , there has been an increasing demand for guidance along this line ; also f or help in at f ’ taining a better understanding o what is considered a good collector s item , where to get it , and how much to p ay ; to what period the old doll belongs ; it k o f or if incomplete , how to complete in eeping with its p eriod ; how t care dolls which by their nature crack or fade with the passing of time ; how to mend papier -mache; re- wax ; reconstruct ol d doll bodies ; where to get new k h k ow . t parts for bro en ones ; to ﬁnd antique dolls , etc The purpose of his boo l is to help do l collectors in every way possible . ’ r r A collector s doll should tell a sto y . It may be a sto y of costume , man

or an d . ners , customs , tastes , unusual persons events of past present The r W war Service dolls of today will become a reco d of orld II , just as the dolls sold at the Sanitary Fairs during the Civil War have become part of the

us occu story of that period . Regional dolls currently sold tell of American p ati ons in various States ; old dolls correctly costumed tell a story of the past ; foreign dolls dressed in the colorful peasant costumes of their respective coun

s tries con titute a valuable record . Typical peasant costumes of Europe are

one fast becoming past history . No longer does see in Europe , even in small villages, people dressed in the quaint way we have been led to expect , except k r in rare instances . Many have ept thei beautiful old costumes , and some

r w f or a . village s , for a price , ill don them and pose before the tourist picture r By far the maj ority of E uropeans dress even as you and I . But th ough dolls , k as well as pictures, the past is ept alive . is Teachers will discuss the educational value of the doll, but education f r i e not the only reason o collect ng ; if it were , there would be fewer doll colle O N COLLECTING D OLLS 5

f t . o O ors Love the doll itself, this miniature representation f a human being

at its best— for such should be the aim of every doll designer— is instinctive in of t he human race . It was born in a cave and nurtured in the mind the medi k cine man , who new its worth when vested with supernatural powers to cap of m ture and hold the imagination . Primitive man stood in awe this sy bol which represented thespirit of his ancestors or perhaps a god who could punish

r A s of or rewa d its worshippers . the mind man grew and such sup erstitions

r . faded in civilized count ies , the child welcomed the image as a plaything The relation between the doll and its owner was reversed ; n ow the child could punish

and reward and bui ld around the doll the drama of life . It was a long time before artists gave serious thought to the subj ect of beautiful dolls for children . Dolls and toys in quantity had existed in civilized

Eastern countries long before the birth of Christ— i n Europe as early as the t hirteenth century— and ﬁne but expensive dolls had been made to order by

l an d of r not famous artists for royal fami ies persons g eat means , but it was until comp aratively recent times that lovely dolls were made for the common e people , not until new and improved methods of manufacture made possibl their l w production at o cost . The eighteenth century brought ﬁne dolls that the middle classes cou ld buy ; the nineteenth century produced ﬁn e dolls within the r r of each of almost eve yone . A late nineteenth century child could have a doll

a wax - maché or - - ou ? chin , , pap ier , composition what have y at a price undreamed r r had of in the ea ly pa t of the century , when the poor to be satisﬁed with crude

- home made wooden or rag dolls .

The following pages describe only those dolls which still can be acquired . W r hile one must search patiently for the rare ones , the e still are late nine t eenth r century dolls which can be found with compa ative ease . The variety

r mi h s is legion , and it must be bo ne in nd that age a not as much to do with n k o e . valuation as might thin A cheaply made , poorly constru cted doll of

1840 is not as desirable as a fancy Dresden or a good chi na- head of two gen r i n r k e at o s late . Collectors have been nown to p ay four times as much as the ’ item warranted f or a mise rable specimen of the 1840 s and to turn down a “ ” r rare buy because it was of a later period . One pu pose of this book is to r r try to prevent such er o s , to give the collector an approximate valuation .

However , it should be remembered that the monetary value of old dolls con s t antl ld r y is changing , and the rare o ones a e now s o difficult to find that a dealer is j us tified in charging as much for them as for other fine antiques of r similar desi ability .

r r a Only inte esting dolls will be given he e , perh ps not all of them , for no one s r of per on has the whole sto y dolls ; a complete record has not been made , but from the thous ands the writer has seen and studied in this country and r ’ m , a ; O . abroad a fai idea of the doll collector s hobby y be btained In the past , “ ” nk on k as in the present , a great deal of ju has app eared the mar et , dolls not worth cluttering u p these pages to describe when there are so many really

t do r t o in eresting dolls which would c edit any collection . 6 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

r one ul In sta ting a collection , sho d give heed to the space available . If

l - . r it be sma l , the nine inch doll is ideal But for exhibition pu poses , large dolls make a better showi ng unless small dolls are accomp an ied by scenic back grounds .

a of Finding the best commerci l dolls the present day is an easy matter . A glance at the advertisements in magazines and newspapers or visits to large r department stores will give a fair idea of modern dolls and thei prices . The “ magazine Playthings describes the latest . Antique , foreign , regional and

- H obbi s n im ort hand made dolls are advertised in e , and a small publicatio by K p , D ll lk W . o Ta . of k Independence , Mo , called hen visiting out town , loo up the ’ ” ” l or a antique shops, dolls hospitals , the Goodwil Morgan Memori l as it

- r is called in the Boston area , and Thrift Shop s ever present in la ge cities and r sometimes in small ones . He e , too , may be found old fabrics suitable for clothing antique dolls .

One of the best ways to obtain the unus ual is to insert a want ad in

H obbi es k , published in Chicago . This is the best nown and probably the most f o k . comprehensive publication its ind in the world If you do advertise , be

s s f or or prepared for some disappointments and some u eless expen e , whether

u u i not yo purchase , yo w ll have to p ay expressage both ways , but the good results probably, in the long run , will outweigh the bad . Descriptions by

i T not dealers sometimes are mislead ng , but not intentionally so . hey do always kn s k f r u ll ow their wares . Always a o a f description and the right to return if not satisﬁed .

One of the oldest examples we are able to ﬁnd is the Queen Anne doll E ( See chapter on arly Dolls) usually made of wood , sometimes the head overlaid with plaster and with glass eyes set in ; commonly found with painted i r f ork s h . eyes, wooden body and legs , and arms of bamboo , with ﬁnge s A Queen k r . Anne of cloth is ra e , but those of wood are more interesting The as ing price for this type of doll averages $100 f or a good example with original ol d dres s ; 20 they have been known to sell un dressed for as little as $ a few years ago , 5 00 u . and as high as $ , a ridicul o s price Creche ( Christmas crib ) dolls centuries old likewise have been found not

The inf requently in American antique shops . Thayer collection at the Uni

f 1489- 1529 versity o Kansas , and the Giovanni della Robbia ( ) and Antonio Rossellino groups (ﬁf teenth century) at the Metropolitan Museum in N ew

York City are ﬁne examples for study purposes . One also may ﬁnd them in

N . old cities . ew Orleans , La , had a number at one time , brought over by the old early settlers . The reason why we ﬁnd so many ones today is that they were made by the thousands from the very beginningof the Christmas festival to withi n comparatively recent times . The height of their popularity seems to m have been from the ﬁfteenth to the eighteenth centuries , but we have odern s at ones , t oo. Old ones usually are well preserved because they were u ed only

5 75 . the Christmas season . The price range is from about $ to $ or more It 5 is possible to purchase a ﬁne piece for $3 . CX C OL L ECTIN G D OLLS

w y th e es ns an d ﬁn e ar an an d e r y Rare doll s i th f an c hairdo . Dr de P i s a l

’ 7 y ni n f o th e rar st r f l . I n th e o o o h di iii cu . t o e ai r p api er mac és are p ic pi s me , e an d ﬁn es t of d olls sh oul d n ot c ost more than $ 300 : oth ers think $ 75 s h oul d

l y ai f or an y n ti oll ow e ar an d o . be th e maximum sum p d a que d . h ev r r e l ve Th ere is su ch di versi ty of op ini on i n t hi s matt er t hat n o one p ers on i s qu al i

ﬁed to s et a s t an dard .

An anti qu e chi n a- h ead wi th fan cy hair arran gement s h ould cos t m ore w ’ t li d i t iﬁ r as th e hi n a t o ear . an than a Pari an it h s imil ar co eu . c a is p be er is

v more di f ﬁcul t f or th e p orte r to et ﬁn e li n es i n chi n a t han i n P ari an .

Th e averag e p ri ce of a w ell - p res erved Grein er d oll ( S ee chap t er on P ap ier w l $ 20 an d an y s F e are es s t an . an d Comp os it i on ) s eem t o b e $ 28 . h m

a ri n Ot w ar an te unl s s th e oth es are r in al are as hi gh as $ 50. p ce r d e cl o ig and

l y Th e i e of Ol d oll s i es in di ff e t ti o s of the un usual attract ive. p r c d var er n sec n

t hi crh er i n th e f ar W s t an d i n l i da th an in th e a a t e n th e coun ry . e F or re be w e

Di s tri ct of Columbia an d Portl an d Main e . Bl ondes are ap t t o be more ex ' s th an un t t es ca s t ey are s carc an d s mall Gremers si es p en ive br e , be u e h er . , z

i s wi th ot r 0 or 1 are o i ﬁ l t t o ﬁn d than th e ar s . s the a , m re d f cu l ge one As c e he

oll s wi t th e rst at n ks e s hair m nt un t s . os ar ar an t . th doll . r ge e co Th e d h ﬁ p e m r ll I m o e l f n r . r d are th e os t es rab o all . the e s On ﬁn d e p . m d i e Grei e wi th m in

y v r w s li t y w av ai r art ed bot h b o an d girl hai r st l es : th e f orme ith sh ort . gh l y h p in th mi dl wi th rks n s ur e t o th d e d e . th e l atter co crew ri glet c v d e h ea ( S ee

i r— b n m t n sket ches in th e ch ap t er on P ap e Mdc é a d C o p os i i o . ) A p air of t h es e in w l Th ori al m t en a s ori ginal c os tu me ou d brin g I Op p ri ce . e gi n C re er p a t p per

s are mi ssin g from th e P atent Oﬁ ce in W as hin gt om bu t there is i n th e. p os es si on Fr r i f . f am Mas a tu r of th e ri s o Mrs ank . o o i nal a C D ble C b idge , s p c e o g p p er w i th th e ri ngl ett ed girl d oll h ead res tin g b esi de th em .

sv W o oden d oll s are mu ch sou - hf af t er ; even th e tw enti et h cent urv Sch oen hu t S ee a t r on W oo en l l s o t n s $ 15 or $ 20 an d s o e ime ( Ch p e d Do ) f en bri g . m t s

l t f r h r r y o a n . sh oul ot o t e sti ll a e an xam l in . m re . hough it d e m e p es thi s c oun t ry

Th e o E ll i w oo n ll arel y i n 5 al th ou i 0 t o J el s de d o r br gs m ore th an $ 3 . gh t es b ack 2 t o 1 87 .

I t ette uy r is b r t o b from an exp e i en c ed rath er t han an in experi en ced deal er .

Th att er may r t oo l tl ut on t e b . en l cha ge it e t he ot her h an d . Of charges t oo

th - l mu ch. e p rice b eing b as ed u p on the advi ce of a d oll co l ecti n g fri en d w h o i s

r l n o e s l w bu t an t t o a e. e inn e s y he se f a vic . w p e s B g r Oft en p a t o a de al er ho does not in t enti on all y over- charge f our ti mes as mu ch f or an Old d oll as th e

t e w i m arran ts .

In th e a t r on - h ads n ti c th e ill Ch p e Chin a e . o e ustrati on of th e c ommon est

t w - in t e. si e in rf t n i t o e o . un res s s o r yp A elve ch z p ec c d i n d ed . h ul d n ot cos t mo e

t an 6. f or the con W orl W ar th e o t w as n r y h $ B e e Se d d . c s co si de abl l es s . If tra in thi s o mo i t y i s es um in t i s st - w ar e i o th e ri e wi ll d e de c m d r ed h p o p r d, p c f Cli n i n i w t wi ll an . I e ; ot. adv ce t oul d be fai r t o as k upward of $ 1 0 f or a c om

earl hi na-h a e ll r — y mon y c e d d do of ave age size ( about 12 in ch es ) an d a. brown e ed c in a- ea s oul n o th an on e wi th l y es f or n nl y y h h d h d bri g m re b ue e , o e o in ever hun 8 DOL L s — A GUIDE F OR C OL L E C TORS

dred was given brown eves . This does not ap p ly to the late bisque heads where , ’ r brown eyes are abundant . Queen Victo ia s p reference f or blue eyes rul ed k the mar et in her time . ' W ax s o r et c . a dolls are dive siﬁed in quality , style , condition , , th t dealers f r have a dif icul t time in p icing them . The later common variety made with “ ” k- k ff cheap muslin sac li e body stu ed with straw , pop eves and almost no neck,

a t k - ms the head thinly w xed over hic , cheap comp osition and with too short ar

- a ul r r and stubby , ill sh p ed hands , sho d not bring a g eat deal . Five dolla s is no

r or ba gain price for such a doll , even though it may be ﬁfty more years old . r t r a On the other hand , a ﬁne Montana i in good condi ion , ap prop i tely dressed , r r easily might bring a hundred dolla s o more .

One sees a great di versity in the price of the common bisque- headed ball j ointed doll manufactured in quantity from about 1870 until within the past r f twenty or thi ty years . Dealers sometimes con use the ﬁne French bisque with “ ” closed mouth and jewel eyes with the more ordinary variety and often r t f r a cha ge as much for the common yp e as o the beauties . Recently cheaply

- a - made ten inch doll with bisque he d and ball j ointed body sold, undressed , in 4 a: r the middle Atlantic States for $ , fair p rice ; the ﬁne ones of the same gen

r r 10 the e al type for upwa d of $ , dep endingup on size , condition , quality, cloth diﬁ r n a e e ce a a . ing , etc . There is a gre t in qu lity mong these dolls The very ﬁnest and largest of the typ e with closed mouth and eyes of blown glass might

5 - r as as 7 . are r bring much $ Closed mouth dolls in the larger sizes sca ce , but

- r n ot necessarily older than the op en mouthed variety . Very la ge ones with r 25 op en mouth seldom bring mo e than $ , and often less than that .

- h u a are r ra t r Kid bodied dolls wit bisq e he ds mo e desi ble , all hings conside ed ,

n t a a t a a . tha those wi h b ll j oints , bec use hey are e sier to c re for Elastic in the

h - kid- i s latter wears ou t and the doll as t o be re strung . The bodied doll apt “ ” r r t a a not a . y a e a to be olde , bu , g in , necess rily so Antiques usuall l dies with narrow waists .

a s r - r The e rly Jumeau , di cussed in the chapte on bisque headed dolls , b ings

- ﬁv e r - a good price . Forty dolla s is not uncommonly high for a twenty inch hi r r . example and , if a t ousseau comes with it , the price is much g eater T s p rice would be entirely ou t of prop ortion f or the same sized bisque - headed ball jointed doll .

Most of the old French dolls were high in price because manufacturing

r a u t r costs we re higher in France than in Ge m ny , b some would b ing a high

r n r f or the a . An p ice in any cou t y, y were beautifully and expensively m de

r 30 r the ol d- s a ea ly doll , inches high , f om established famou Bru f ctory in

France recently sold in a W ashington antiques show for $75 . This was a

2 u meau k a B r n . 1 . Bebe u J e. No An early J (unmar ed ) of the s me size might have sold for more than a hun dred dollars . r rk Prices quoted can only app oximate the ma et value , which constantly l r is changing . An old doll shou d be most ca efully examined to be accurately d u a a m s t . an p p r ised , and com on sen e mus be relied upon Beautiful , rare un s

C hapter 3

EARLY TOY DOLLS

HE earliest toy dolls of which we have any record were dug from graves

of r children in Egypt and Greece , whe e civilization came at an early

T are r p eriod . here no reco ds of dolls from prehistoric times . The earliest k to of m example of a Gree y doll is in the shape a rattle with a fe ale form , the F f r k . or o head missing mention these early dolls , we may tu n to old Gree r f or r an literatu e , and examples to the museums both here and ab oad . The

cient dolls for the regular trade were crude , but some beautiful examples of

a - r - dolls made for the we lthy come to us in well modelled olav or te ra cotta, wax wood , marble , alabaster , ivory , , gold , silver and bronze . Excavations of these treasures were plentiful during the nineteenth cen “ k r . . . tury One has only to loo th ough , old magazines to get the story St Nich ” “ 1879 on olas for November , , prints an interesting article Playthings by r r Olive Tho ne . It gives an idea of the doll situation in the various count ies r before tourist t ade made it p roﬁtable to invent dolls . Miss Thorne writes

“ " a - — a m The ﬁrst toy is said to h ve been a rattle box sy bol , said the ‘ ’

of . thoughtful ancients , the eternal agitation , which is the cause of progress The play life of our nineteenth century babies begins with the same object and the only genuine toy to be found in all Africa (says a traveler) is a rattle

box .

f or t The second toy was , doubtless , a doll , tha fascinating object has been of r in use from the earliest times which we have any reco d , by all peoples, w barbarous or civilized . The English name is said by some of the ise men to ‘ ’ k a nk be a nic n me for Dorothea , while others thi it a contraction of idol . When

ff of f or r . we see the a ection little people thei dolls , this origin seems probable r n n i ti on The French call a doll a p ou p ée and the Germans p u p p e. The p o ou c a ' d f u a . i fers in the two languages , but both names come from the Latin p p , a girl “ “ ” t 18th . Before the century, dolls were called lit le ladies or babies “ The digniﬁed science of history is t oo much taken u p with stories of the wars and troubles of grown - u p people to tell us what the little ancients u sed to

" a we e en wa r s R at tles and cl pp ers re s uppos d to frigh t a y evil s pi i t . E ARLY TOY DOLLS 11

k play with ; but we have found ou t many things in sp ite of the big boo s . Out of the ground are being dug , nowadays , ruined cities and treasures of the people of long ago , among them the precious toys of children . Thus we have l of found ou t that the little peop e of the island Cyprus , in the Mediterranean , who lived three thousand years ago , had toys of terra cotta , ﬁgures of animals , on of of horses on platforms which ran four terra cotta wheels , with riders

k arm. curious form , some on their nees , and others holding in each a large j ar ;

- k ou r donkeys with panniers , two wheeled vehicles li e drays , and chariots with

a n r e r ( 1 ) D oll s i n an t iq u i t y . R e di g f om l ft t o igh t e r a n r n e re e t e t ra- c t t a E t a n r t G m , b o z ; G k , o ; gyp i , b igh ly a n t w w s n s e a s f o r a r p i e d ood it h t ri g of b d h i .

r — horses and drivers . Then they had a rep esentation of some game , whether

r r one of child or man , seve al ﬁgu es with j oined hands , dancing around stand ‘ ’ ing still ; perhaps some antique play of Oats , pease , beans . There were also

k - k r ﬁgures shaped li e a jumping j ac , a mother with a baby in her a ms , and, all above , dolls of all sizes and shapes , and all with smiling faces . To be sure

n r — we can ot be certain that these we e the playthings of children , the learned ‘ ’ — r explorer calls them statuettes , and other names , but they a e certainly very

f or and or k suitable the youngsters , all of you who live in , visit , New Yor , can

r y see them any day at the Met opolitan Museum . If the were not toys , they ought to have been . 12 DoL L s — A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

or The ancient little Egyptians , three four thous and years ago had dolls , , painted to represent clothes , with arms and legs moving on pins by means of ’ k off strings, so that if they couldn t ta e their clothes , they could move about .

Some were very crude , without limbs , and for hair they had thick and long

. had r or k strings of beads They also ﬁgu es washing , neading bread , which k could be wor ed by pulling strings , and crocodiles whi ch would open their

2 as a w ( ) Al k n ood e n doll .

h an mouths by the same means . The Britis Museum has quite a collection of

r - cient Egyptian toys ; balls cove ed with leather , foot balls , marbles, small ﬁsh, of ff or k s and other things . Some the balls are stu ed with bran hus s , other are f r of made o rushes , plaited and covered with leather, and othe s painted earth k enwar . e, probably only to loo at “ The ﬁrst toy of the ancient Greek baby was a rattle - box ; then came

r — of of r i as he g ew dolls clay ( a sort coarse china doll ) , ﬁgu es of an mals , apes , k with their little ones , duc s , tortoises , and others . Then they had small wooden E A R-L Y TOY DOLLS 13

ar wagons , to which they h nessed live mice , horses and ships made of leather , ‘ - k k- i n - k k . ac chic ens , and j ac stones (called by a long Gree name ) Your J the ’

t . N i hola 18 ou S c s 77. Pulpit told y of them once in for April , T ops were among th a of k k e e rliest playthings the Gree s , and were well nown in Rome in the time V old A na alia of irgil . One writer says that a woman , named g , of Corcyra,

k u made the ﬁrst ball However that may be , we now that ladies sed to play ball in those days .

' ' 3 W e n re a n e a e r E t an rc ( ) ood b d k d ; gy p i , c i a 20 0 0 B . C . 4 e n re a n e a e r e r an i t n e r ( ) Wood b d k d ; G m , e gh e e t h C n t u y . “ ” 5 t c s t u f s a u t 5 a n d ( ) Cop i f doll , bo 00 60 0 A . D .

Miss Thorne goes on to tell of the playthings used today ( 1879) which will be quoted in a later chapter . In E urope the toy doll came much later than in the countries of earlier

of r civilization , and there are no extant examp les them befo e medieval times , 14 DOLLS — A GUI DE F OR COLLECTORS

t of n al hough in literature mention is made eighth and ni th century rag dolls .

r r The oldest extant European doll belongs in the thi teenth centu y, and, of k as in the case the earliest Gree doll , it assumes the shape of a woman in the

of - form a rattle box . We have examples of German fourteenth century clay dolls whi ch were made in quantity, and Since the early German name for doll tocken comes , , r tocke k f om the word , a little bloc of wood , it is presumed that many of the f dolls were made o wood .

6 e rm a n c a 1 2 t h c e n u n n r a e t ( ) G l y doll , t ry . ( 7) A c i e t G e e k c l ay b by doll ( l f ) ;

1 9 t h c e n t u r w e n a r ramjn e r au e r a n ri t . t c y ood b by doll f om O b e g , G m y ( gh ) ( 8 ) Go hi

c a r u re e r . 9 u s t a u s S w e e n w c rc a 1 6 5 0 . l y doll f om N mb g ( ) G vu s Adolph , of d ; ood , i 1 0 1 h n r a i n w e e a r ( ) 7t c e t u y b by doll h l c h i .

From paintings and engravings we get a good idea of what the early r k ik Eu opean dolls loo ed l e . They are dressed , for the most part , as women m r which was natural , as children at that time wore little replicas of their othe s ” r on no clothes . Some write s the subj ect go so far as to say that baby dolls r k we e made before the middle of the nineteenth century . We now from concrete r r r examples and old eng avings that such is not the case . Fourteenth centu y g aves “ ” “ i - u of have y elded baby as well as grown p dolls , and there are examples

k . early baby dolls in many collections . A few are s etched in this chapter “ ” r s It is true that lady dolls p redominated , judging by gene al proportion “ ” - r r r n u . ather than clothes , for , as al eady stated , little girls wore g ow p styles EARLY TOY DOLLS 15

Only the wealthy could aﬁ ord beautiful dolls in earlier days , for they had

- of m to be hand made . The play doll the average child was crude , but embers of the royal families exchanged gorgeous creations . It was not until the eighteenth century that factories learned to produce the beauties in any quan m s tity , and not until the middle of the last century that improved factory ethod

- made it possible to make them en masse at low cost . Most of the dolls we see in old paintings and engravings are hand - carved

of wood and elaborately gown ed . One can ﬁnd in museums and occasionally in

A an d w e n u ee n n n e s c rc a 1 0 0 a n 1 8 t h c e n t u r B , ood Q A doll , i 7 ; C, y r n a n F e c h f s hio doll .

antique stores examples of the plainly- dressed wooden dolls the average child r ss played with in the seventeenth and eighteenth centu ies . A few have gla “ n eyes , but most of them are painted . The Queen An e doll , as we call it , was in vogue at this period . Sometimes it was made of linen and the features

r . embroide ed , but mostly it was of wood a E The most f mous early doll factories in urope were at Sonneberg, where r N r they sta ted in the fourteenth century, and at urembe g , places that held f r r r o t o W . thei own in the doll world centu ies , even up the Second orld War

r u Ea ly European dolls were sed both as portrayers of fashion , and as r f n a N o gifts between membe s o o e royal f mily and another . expense was 1 1 k sp ared in making and costuming the doll . In 39 the ing of France s ent a to the queen of England dolls to Show the new styles th t his wife , Isabella

a had . 549 l re of B varia , introduced into his court The wardrobe alone cost i v s ,

16 s ol t o r r of . s , and were made the measu ements of the ﬁgu e the English Queen In 1497 Queen Isabella of Spain received from Anne of Brittany a large doll “ r 1517 r richly d essed . In Henry II b ought six dolls to Paris for Mesdames . 16 DOLLS -A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

r r a on r . r Othe instances e ecord But the dolls we e not always f or women . r too r 1455 a Royal child en , , eceived exp ensively gowned dolls . In M deleine “ r r of r r of de F ance , the young daughte Charles II , eceived a p esent a doll k r r k 15 . 1 dressed li e a young gi l on ho sebac , and a footman In 7 Claude de a r r r r Fr nce , Duchess de Lor aine , o de ed from a celeb ated goldsmith six dolls ” the best dressed that are p ossible t o find for the child of the Duchess of r n r . f . o Bava ia Boys , too , eceived dolls to play with Louis XIII France , whe r r a . ma a small boy , had a number of fine dolls , and a cha iot to d w them A g fi n i cent doll was given Mademoiselle de Bourbon at this period . The fine early

r s o t k t or at dolls we e highly prized hat even ings played wi h them , least had l t t on a a and . no hem disp lay in p l ce cast e Louis XIV had only dolls , but a ’ s k w a r doll house , nine mar et shops ith small en melled ﬁgu es , two little wooden

- i a k - theatres , a sedan chair w th accomp anying l c eys , a vine dresser with his wheel

r k - r of r bar ow ; a nife grinder with his wheel , and othe miniatures the so t .

Grown - u p s of centuries gone by took their dolls as seriously as do adult

a 151 - 15 9 collectors of today . The sixteen dolls of C therine de Medici ( 9 8 ) we h r r r are told were so real to e that she d essed them in mou ni ng on occasion . W a r not r a t hile C therine was a cha acter g eatly to be admired , she had im gina ion and a ﬁne art sense . Marie Antoinette and late r Eugenie were generous in their gifts of dolls r dressed in the latest Pa isian styles . Eugenie had dolls made in her own like “ ” r ness and dressed in rep licas of her own clothes . Our portrait doll a tists are doing the same thi ng today

W e k of a as n . History repeats . thin anim ted dolls recent inventio s They r r N were made in Egypt two thousand years before the bi th of Ch ist . ote r r sket ch of doll which kneads b ead when a string is pulled . This was the fo e runne r of all ou r motion dolls . “ Someone has said : Dolls are s o much more beaut iful now than t hev were

” r of in early days . That is ce tainly true dolls as a whole , but wealthy persons f ar of the p ast had jus t as beautiful dolls , and they were more gorgeously

- Wh dressed than most of ou r present day p roducts . enever the artist comes to r the fore in doll making we have ﬁne examp les of the c aft ; so it was in the past,

ar . s o it is in the p resent and will be in the years to come . Fine dolls e ageless

18 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLE CTORS

k ‘ hi k . ma e them loo as small as possible , and a tiny hand was ghly desirable In the doll, small hands and feet could be exaggerated , and were . Fat arms and r legs were pleasing becaus e they accentuated by comp a ison the tiny extremities . Most of the late nineteenth century dolls have short shoul ders and squat necks if we except the Parians and Dresdens and a few others such as the

- n rl . Gi bs o Gi , modelled by an artist The common china head with short curly r old o wavy hair was meant to represent the young girl , and ones found with us original clothes , ually testify to that fact , although collectors use them to h f . s typify the lady o the Godey period The dolls ave almost adult proportion ,

F a t s e s e s e ro w , ri t , ) e n t e ( 1 2 ) Chi na doll l e gs a n d a rm s . l ol d ho ( middl gh d o a t e r 1 86 0 . p e riod b e t w e e n t h e F i rs t E mpi re a n d 1 8 6 0 ; high h e e l s , f DOLLS OF TH E NINETEENTH CENTURY 19

- s and lend themselves nicely to grown u p fashions . Women prefer dres ing “ ” “ ” of fﬁ lady dolls , and authentic ladies the past are di cult to ﬁnd . f r Diff erent styles in doll bodies o a given pe iod form an interesting study . k The French doll s etched with one arm outstretched , in existence for eighty

- - a kid . years , is unusual in th t it has slot and tendon wooden j oints covered with

- d k d r f s tu ﬁ i a e . The body itself is o sawdust e , and so the lower legs The turn

an d are of ing head , bust , lower arms hands of bisque , the upper arms wood r m of covered with kid . Note the ancient c ude body of the ar less wooden doll the American Indian and the Old Roman rag doll sketched in the chapter on r early dolls . Until the nineteenth century , not much se ious thought was given

M. STE B U BB. D oll . N o . Pate nte d J u ne 25 . l 8 78 .

mu w m é n m v l

1 3 D l - ( ) oll e g of c o tt on w i t h s t i t c h e d o u s t o c ki n g a n d boot .

t o r E r . m the p lay doll for the ave age child arly in the centu y, there were any

e - kid O wooden p gj ointed dolls ; also dolls with body , a waist so tiny that it ften

le r r u ff caved in the midd despite ext a ha d st ing at that point , and wooden arms

' and legs ( sometimes this type had a cloth body) . Most of them had papier maché n r r o a e . composition heads , but a few boasted china wax ; these are Some of the p apier maché - headed dolls of about 1800 came with a body made com 20 DOLLS — A GUIDE F OR COLLE C TORS

l et el of kid - w r p y , , O f or i a t i n hand se n f cou se , the sew ng m chine was a la er n i n v e t o .

After the foregoing came the various body typ es illustrated throughout

k. own r i f r the boo Our country showed g eat activity in th s ﬁeld , o if we had r of k f to impo t most our doll heads , we could at least ma e bodies or these heads .

It is claimed that the Cinderella sitting doll designed by Mrs . Irene W . of r r r 18 60 20 Gibson Marlbo o , New Hampshi e , came some time befo e (see P . , American Made Dolls and Figurines— the Supplement ) but the ﬁrst patent a f or kid t Of gr nted boots s itched to the legs a doll was issued to Mary M .

18 8 . u Pa. 7 t Ste ber of Philadelphia, , in The cloth body pa ented by Sarah C . 18 83 ﬁ ir s a a . k Robinson in was a more ambitiou See s etch .

1 4 e r c a n - a e ( ) Am i m d doll bodi e s . A — D e s n e I re n n ig d by e W . Gib s o , ar r H a t e u n M lbo o , N . ., d c e rt a i n ; B — Cl ot h body p a t e n t e d by S ara h

. R n s n 1 C obi o , 8 8 3 .

r k rk 18 8 - C a . t t 0 t h rles T Do er of B oo lyn , New Yo , used ( ) the ime honored O O r method f constructing a cloth doll body, but added the novelty f co sets r r K r on . a p inted Five ye s late , Philipp Goldsmith of Covington , y _ used the r b u t a r r O printed co set idea , dded o namental stitching , and the const uction f r ff s . the body was di erent , as illu t ated

ff has r t o r at a Stu ing always va ied according the mate ial h nd , and the sell

t r . W r . e ing p ice Cheap dolls were s uffed with cheap mate ial ﬁnd sawdust ,

- k r r r r r . b an , g ass , straw , ho sehair , cotton batting , co , etc , used th oughout the

r the rr s tuﬁ i n t r nineteenth centu y , but prefe ed gin the twentieth cen u y seems to be kapok f or ragdolls and sawdust f or dolls with modelled heads Of composition

a . t O ou r 20th and chin ; that is , when cloth is used for the body Mos f century dolls are made entirely of composition .

a a r Of the t o a k w There is no av il ble reco d ﬁrst doll have gl ss eyes , but we no DOLLS OF TH E NINETEEN TH C E NTURY 21

at it a n at ar y d t f or t re t r th h p p e ed an e l a e , they come wi h c che dolls cen u ies nd r a . old , have been found in c ude wooden dolls of the Queen Anne period

The discovery of glass goes back to a dim p ast in history . Pliny says it r a at r 79 r t ook p lace in Sy ia . Glass window p nes d ing from before the yea we e a a a uneart hed in the ruins Of Pomp eii . Tr nsp rent gl ss is believed to have a 155 750 . C . . 7 existed about B in Egyp t England m nufactured it in , but in

s not t 1621 as r this country the ﬁrst real glass busines did star until . Gl sbo o ,

y f r r t t t he a t a t . o t t N . J boas s e rliest bo tle glass f c or One our ﬁ st in e es s in his line was the making of glass beads to use as a medium of exchange with the

Indians .

’ n f t s It would be interesting t o watch glass blow or dolls eyes . Comp on ‘ ’ P r : t ictu ed Encyclopedia says Spun glass , a Vene ian invention is usually a a r made by melting the end of a gl ss rod , dr wing a thread f om it as one ff a O . rod would draw t y , and fastening the thread to the rim f a wheel The is a k r i held in a ﬂ me to eep the glass soft while the wheel evolves rap idly , draw ng a ou t the ﬁne thread and winding it up at the same time . The Venetians Obt ined

r Of beautiful designs by entwining many th eads glass , sometimes of varying t n n a colors , into bundles and twis ing the bu dles i to many shapes . Sp un gl ss

t an d it ak s r h th s t can even be woven into clo h , m e the b ight golden air of e be ’ china dolls .

A good way to distinguish between a p re- Civil W ar and a post - Civil - W ar

a are f or the ar r s 1790 - 18 60 doll is by the feet , when the l tter modelled , e lie one ( )

- ﬁ k . had at soled shoes . See s etches

“ ” r who k r Collecto s thin play dolls the only real dolls , will be inte est ed in the manv references to dolls in the article entitled Playthi ngs (from which

t w as a r 3 r f or a quota ion m de in chap te ) w itten by Olive Thorne St . Nichol s ,

1879 a t the t r t b u t r , a time when dolls were not m de jus for ou is s , we e p laythings t t r ar h f or . e t e rt the child Al hough o he items besides dolls included , whole a icle i s so interesting that it is worth quoting in its entirety

“ ‘ — . a t t Begin with the Cradle of Nations , Asia It is s id ha the religion

. r t n of Mohammed forbids toys , but , if so , it does not p event lit le Mohammeda s of t r rs Central Asia from having balls and tops , and even rag dolls , which avelle n r wa rr ot . t t r say are ve y pretty , by the y Also of e a cotta hey have ho ses . k k k a t rn cattle , dogs , ﬁsh , chic ens , lions , and don eys with pac s ddles . In W es e

r k - k Asia , dolls with arms and legs moved with st ings , li e a jump ing j ac , comic ﬁ r r gu es , whistles , marbles , and othe things . “ r The The children of India fare bette than many Asiatics about t oys .

r ou t r t a r gi ls have dolls made of wood cut all d essed , and pain ed in g y colo s , f n h . o a d t e as though they wore real clothes They have them all Sizes , , indeed , ‘ r r r f a s doll is a ve y impo tant membe o the family . In m ny hou es dolls have a r a s r . n oom to themselves , and enj oy much attention as child en Feasts a d garden f parties are given in their honor. The death o one involves a great Show Of ’ r an d th a a e . a mou ning , m rri ge of one is a p ublic event A Beng l paper gives an

of the two r account wedding of dolls belonging to ve y wealthy Hindu families . 22 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

There was a grand procession through the streets as though they were two

people , followed by an expensive feast to the friends and the poor . “ r r Besides dolls , curiously dressed in p aint and gilt , with ea s of some b ight ‘ ’ r tf — colo , spots on nose and chin , and a head that comes o , though the clothes

not — do , the Hindu children have elephants and other animals of wonderful r r shapes and colo s , with stripes and dots and stars of various colo s and gilt , with ears that come Off "

k k one k of r ﬁre- rk k To spea of China ma es thin lante ns , wo s , and ites though n f o e o to r . k perhaps no them belongs exclusively the child en The men ﬂy ites ,

ff ﬁr - k r O e . r let wor s , and light lante ns The lante ns of China are really won d rf l f r — e u . o n r They are eve y shape , color and design rou d , squa e , ﬂat ; some in

Of e n r r the shape animals , and some of men , som roll o the g ound and keep bu n k k ing ; others , shap ed li e horses , run on wheels ; some whirl li e a t op ; some k a r gallop li e horse ; there are ship s that sail , soldie s that march , and peop le k ir that dance . The power that wor s them is the current of hot a from the light . a i r Some l nterns are made of red paper, w th patte ns made by holes ; others are covered with painted gauze ; some are carried in the hand , and some are made k l so as to stic on the wa l .

“ ‘ ’ h f a — T e real Paradise o B bies is Japan , as has been said many times ,

h ev erv m t o for not only do the children ave i aginable y , but many persons get their living by amusing them . Men go about the streets and blow soap bubbles f or them with pipes that have no bowls as ours have . These young Japs have

- k - ﬁ u res tops , stilts , pop guns , magic lanterns , aleidoscopes , wax g , terra cotta

fl i n - fi h k s . animals , y g and dragons , mas s puzzles , and games ; butterflies and beetles th at flut ter about ; turtles that move their legs and pop ou t their heads ;

a k - birds th t fly about , and pec the fingers and whistle ; paste board targets that , O ou t — l when hit , burst pen and let a winged figure fly ; and most wonderfu of all r — k n k , pe haps little balls loo i g li e elder pith , which , thrown into bowls r s r r of wa m water, slowly expand into the hap e of a boat , or a fishe man . a t ee ,

or . ﬂower, crab , bird

“ ’

r r . The girls of Japan have dolls fu niture and dishes , and , of cou se , dolls They have dolls that walk and dance ; dolls that put on a mask when a string is r r pulled ; dolls dressed to ep esent nobles , ladies , minstrels , mythological and his

are w f or t ori cal personages . Dolls handed do n generations , and in some fam

' m k o t f . s ee t o u ili es are hundreds o them They never get bro en or worn , as yours

a a r are. do ; and , in fact , they can hardly be the dear playm tes th t you s They r f r are kept as a so t o show ; and , though their little owne s play with them , they

' k A n d . do not dress a undress them and ta e them to bed , as vou do good deal k k of the time they are rolled up in silk p ap er and pac ed away in a trun . On

y a r — a t of — t r the great fe s tival da of the Jap nese gi ls , the Fe s Dolls he e is a

of r f or the r tt great Show of dolls and toys , and it is the event the vea quee li le ’ - of r da t black eyed maidens . The Feast Flags is the boys g eat y , and hey have

r and r and r t ov s f or banners , ﬂags , ﬁgures of war iors g eat men , swords , othe boys . DOLLS OF TH E NINE TEENTH CENTURY 23

B u t the ﬁnest toy of Jap an— as no doubt you youngsters will all agree r or a is carried about the st eets by a man woman , for any child to pl y with ‘ ’

one . who is the owner of the hundredth part of a cent , or cash “ r a This is a small cha coal stove with hot co ls , a copper griddle , spoons

- a a . and cup s ; and , above all , ready m de batter and s uce The happy child who

( 1 5 A - I 5 R ) B row n - e ye d doll of 1 8 40 wi t h t ypi c a l l o h n o n i n c t body . O ly e a h u n d re d c hi n a - h e a d e d r doll s h a s b ow n e y e s . Q u e e n Vi c t o ri a ’ s p re f e r e n c e f o r bl u e e y e s s e t h t t e s yl e .

‘ ’ r t can s it on k and eat r k hi es this ou ﬁt , down the ﬂoor and coo g iddle ca es to ’ ? its heart s content . Could anything be nicer “ ‘ ’ r an Perhaps you boys would p efer to patronize the Bug M , who fastens

r r to a k of and - f pape ca ts the b c s beetles with bits of wax , a half dozen o them

“ r — f will d aw a load of rice up quite a hill made o a board . a of r r The unfortunate b bies Af ica have ve y few playthings , excep t what

k On e r r - they ma e themselves . t avele did see a rattle box which a baby could n ot . f k have made , as I said above It was formed o a ind of fruit that has a t r ough ind and hard seeds , by squeezing the p ulp out while green , and leaving th dr r Sk - e seeds to y inside the ha d in . The solemn faced black baby shook 24 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

r t as a k t r r a . M W f his toy with as much g avi y our b bies sh e hei s . ood tells o

’ leather dolls made by the K afﬂrs ; bu t they were made for the white man s ' m and K aﬂ ir r t o . useum , not for child en p lay with “ r of a ara are O k t a 8 0 The gi ls D m s fond f dolls ; but they li e hem best live , t ak f or and rr t r k hey t e p up p ies the p urp ose , ca y them about tied to hei bac s , as their mothers carried babies . The clumsy pup py faces look funny enough k f stic ing ou t O the bandages .

“ ‘ ’ New Zealand girls have a still stranger t aste ; they play b aby with little ’ i s " r y are and rr p g They don t need you sympath ; they fond of them , ca v t hem

‘ r r t r r a . Th bout f om mo ning to nigh , unde thei mantles e b oys of the same coun tr r - r k y have tops , and th ee corne ed ites made of leaves , and they always sing ‘ ’ ’ k at s . c k while the ite ﬂies Besides , they p lay cradle , in which they ma e many

r as and mo e ﬁgures than we do , such huts , men women , and others .

“ ‘ ’ The W ezee boys p lay shoot with a gun made to imitate the white man s ’ f r k a r k . O a gun Two p ieces cane tied togethe ma e the b r els , the stoc is m de of k a and . cl y , the smo e is a tuft of loose cotton “ one r r t a r In Af ican t ibe the youngs ers h ve sp ea s made of reeds , shields , ’ an d a h a a r k bows rrows , with which t ey imit te their f the s doings ; and they ma e ‘ ’ r r r a ou t of a r . nimals cl y , while thei siste s jump the ope Besides , Af icans . ‘ ’ k all r y ak im li e children over the wo ld , enj o themselves m ing pretend . They

‘ ’ ‘ ’ itat e r ou do not k the life a ound them , as y ; playing eep house , go visiting ,

‘ ’ or a r t t r give a p rty , to be su e , because hey see none of this in hei homes ; r r k ar and r they p etend building a hut . hoeing a ga den , ma ing clay j s , c ushing corn. to eat .

‘ W a do the t t - a a f or ? DO h t na ive Sou h Americ n b bies do toys without , I

to thev do a - Of thev was going say ; but h ve blow p ip es reeds , and too , mimic

- the various doings of grown u p s . “ of a t t a k Now f orEurope . A list toys m de in that con inen would re d li e

an r of . r r r s o invento y a toy shop It is cu ious that even there , whe e the e is

m r t ak i ts r t . uch inte change between the p eople , each na ion m es peculia oys r r r r r and t a e ff . Ou shops b ing toys from seve al of them , hey quite di erent F om ‘ r b ox — of t ff r arm Ge many we get our toys , sets s i wooden soldie s , villages , f

- n at yards tea sets and everything that comes in a oval wooden box . The p ient , , ’ r rk k d and - rs a ark tt Ge man wo men ma e wooden olls hobby ho es , No h s s , sp o ed

r n b r Of - ho ses o wheels , toys that go y the d opp ing sand , such as wind mills ,

ak r . ships that rock and men that dance . Above all they m e ma bles In one , a place the very roads are p aved with marbles not quite round . Toys Of le d

r r s r of w ar soldie s and ho ses , camel , cha iots and ship s , locomotives , and others

‘

— r t — r - nearly all come from Nu emburg , while tin oys ho ses , steam engines , _

— s t a r et c . e me s , come from another city “ k Toys are very cheap in Germany because Of the division of wor . A k n two and r do peasant will ma e o e or things all his life , , of cou se , he comes to r r old r rk r r . his special wo ve y ap idly A t avele visited an Ge man woman , who r had learned from her mother to cu t ou t six animals f om wood . They were

26 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

it r very thin muslin , which gives a p eculia ly soft and babyish look and makes , ’ f or it strong enough a live baby to p lay with . Dolls boots and shoes are also r an English t ade . “

Next to the doll , in that busy island , comes the boat . These are made of

r r one t u or i all sizes and p ices , f om cos ing a dime p to SIX e ght dollars . At one

us are of one r f or k ho e used eight tons lead in yea eels alone . England makes , r r a r also , mimic theatres , with cha acte s and plays all re dy, rubbe toys of many k t o - k of inds , y picture boo s , and thousands other things . “ r are k The e some ancient English toys told about in boo s . They were in the days when men - at - arms fought on horseback and the toys consisted Of k k t r nights on horsebac comple ely a med and equipp ed , and fastened to p lat

1 7 T n s u e s 9 0 e a rs ( ) i y bi q doll y old .

r on . TO fo ms wheels They were of brass , and four to ﬁve inches high . play h r k with them , they were drawn together wit fo ce , to see which night would be ff thrown o by the shock. “ In America— to begin with the natives— the Indian children living in

W are wigwams in the far est , have their playthings , though they somewhat r t rr . or c ude The boys p lay wi h bows and a ows , and the girls with dolls , a f a f or . are o substitute them The dolls r gs , with hideous faces painted on them , k a a . and daubed with stre s of red , in the style dmired by the race To these , ‘ ’ r a a — or a a as however , they p efer live p l ything , a me t b by , a little girl once

— I n S O k of . said , they ma e pets ravens; young eagles , and pup pies A young r O t the a one r or the f at dian gi l is ften seen wi h wise he d of of these bi ds , ,

k k y t O . a round face f a pup py , stic ing out of her blan et behind The lso imita e

of r and rr two on the life their mothe s , rig an a angement with p oles crossed the k of as do on k of r bac a dog , the squaws the bac a ho se , on which queer vehicle

a of r or . of they carry j rs wate , anything they choose The babies the Indians ,

r r w t Of or st ap ped into their c adles , play i h the dangling string beads other r a k article which is hung befo e their f ces to ma e them squint , that being con s idered a great beauty . “

Y . . W . ou are indebted to Mr H Ellicott , who has sp ent years in the Far r k a f or a r of No th , and nows all bout them , most inte esting account the p lay DOLLS or TH E NINETEENTH CE NTURY 27

r or of y things of the Eskimo child en , who Spend ﬁve six months ever year in k an underground hut , when the day is nearly as dar as the night , and all the family must ﬁnd amusement within . “ w s ou r Toys they have in plenty , and they are t ice as u eful as toys ; for, making them entertains and occupies the parents , and playing with them does of r the same for the children . From ivory they carve the animals their count y ,

— r . bears , wolves , foxes , geese , gulls , wal us , seals and whales These are quite r not one small , none mo e than three inches long , and many more than inch , bu t so well carved that the animal is easily recognized . “ are r r For the boys , made small ivory or wooden spea s, ar ows, lances and ‘ ’ t o k acks or s Of sleds , and , above all , y y , boats , and even imitation the big boat , i a f or or ship of the stranger , w th Sinews , or the roots of a peculiar gr ss the rigging . “ g — N h . O But erc as everywhere the doll is the grand toy wax , china , k I t r d f or . rubber or rags will o the Es imo doll is made of ivo y or wood , care r i k of fu ll y carved as nea ly l e the human ﬁgure as possible , with eyes Of bits

or pearly shell inlaid . Some of them are twelve eighteen inches tall , but most f ix o them are S or eight inches only . As to the manner of playing with them,

k - - - and I suppose the Es imo boys p lay seal catching , bear hunting , sledge riding ,

- r k w s dog training ; and the gi ls eep house ith their ivory dollies , get the meal ll k hi and k a E . ma e the clothes , in s imo fas on “ k k It is pleasant to now that the droll little Es imo babies have nice times, r Of . and plenty playthings in thei homes , that seem to us so dreary

- of r k k Our own toy Shop s have all the wonders Eu opean ma e , but the inds

— rs we invent ourselves are mostly mechanical toys , creeping dolls , bea that

t r o perform , horsemen tha d ive furiously, boatmen that row , steam cars that g ;

of f or . and we have a monopoly baseballs and bats , no other people use them

N one but English - speaki ng people indulge in plays SO violent as to be dangerous t o ou r r k of life and limb , as is base ball , and the c ic et our English cous ins . “ When we begin t o talk of these games we reach the amusements Of the ’ ‘ ’ r - e r l k g own ups , which p haps they wou dn t li e to have called playthings, though— between you and mck they are just as much toys as are dolls and tops .

O r r S much for playthings the wo ld ove in 1879 . It is surprising that

- f or was Miss Thorne did not mention the china headed dolls of Germany , it a of - - time great expansion in the china head industry , when a ten or twelve inch f or f r doll could be purchased a dime , and tiny ones o a penny apiece . A dollar f or was r a ﬁne , big head considered a good price , although the fancies b ought f or r k more , a g eater amount of wor was involved in their manufacture . It is ’ r O l 87o s a ou r old from the pe iod f the on th t we have many of commonest dolls , and of , at the same time , some the best . An interesting ﬁgure popular especially among the leisure class in England during the nineteenth also the late eighteenth) century was the Peddler Doll ( , , made t o rep resent the eve r- present vendor who hawked his wares about the 28 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

t t - s reets selling every hing imaginable , from hand made lace , scarfs , ribbons, n hi k k k n pi cus ons , buttons , scissors , spoons , nives and itchen utensils , to boo s o various subjects . Their insignia was a red cape and black hood over a small

. or a maché lace cap The heads were of wax , wood , china p p ier , whichever ma t eri al was popular at the time the doll was made . The body , clothes and acces s ori es r and a r of r r we e hand made , some were m de enti ely cloth , with emb oide ed features .

— D C . r e W i l i am K n b c h W as h i n t n . C o u t s M rs . y l o lo , g o ,

- - r t e w n n ( 1 8 ) Bi s q u e h e a d e d w alki n g t a lkin g doll of t h e l a t e 1 9 t h c e n t u y . No i di g

k e a r h u n r s a n d a e n s o n s e s s e s . y t igh t of t e d e s e d doll ( A ) , p t t ymbol ol of ho B s how s doll d re s s e d i n old c o s t u m e .

k L a Pou ee Trav ai lleu s e Another doll , about which little is nown , is p (the k k 1864 of wor ing doll ) , mentioned in a little French boo of , long since out k “ k ” print . Although the s irt Of the wor ing doll had only one door , the idea might have come from the eighteenth century wooden triptych doll , popular r k with Catholics in earlier days . The t iptych referred to represents a mon in W the form of a carved wooden doll with a door in the skirt . hen the door is k O . O pened , it reveals a miniature altar with a nun at prayer The pen s irt of the working doll (treated in the same manner as the monk) discloses sewi ng ma k c . ri l r . t e a s , scisso s , thimble , etc ( see s et h ) DOLLS O F TH E NINETE E NTH CE NTURY 29

t r and r r r of During the nineteen h centu y ea lie , Chinese docto dolls bone or ivory made their way to this count ry . It was long the custom for a k Chinese lady in pain to p oint out on the anatomy of a na ed reclining ﬁgure , the r r of an t y r a . a seat of the affliction . Modes fo b de disrobing The ve age p ice ivory doll of this kind is $40 .

- a r The p opularity of the china he d diminished du ing the gay nineties , “ ” r r when bisque was all the rage . The forme was evived when women became a h a t interested in doll collecting and costuming , for the slender waist , c rac er

- W W ar is ti c of the china headed doll lends itself to adult styling . Until orld II , war — a r a r , china he ds were impo ted from Germ ny in fairly la ge quantities , and r r although they are getting sca ce , some can still be found in antique shops and 1939 Kim ort f or 35 doll hosp itals . In they sold at the p Company cents for

- — - u ; f or r . the six and one half inch size p to the eighteen inch size , und essed

- - - The p rice was considerably less in the ﬁv e and ten cent stores . Today the

- eighteen inch size un dressed brings as much as ten dollars . Dolls which predominated during the ﬁrst forty years of the nineteenth

u O a — e a - t f kid or cent ry had heads made f p pier mach , s wdust s u fed cloth bodies ,

ar at r . extremely n row the waist , and long sp indley wooden a ms and legs China

e - r of a heads and wooden p gj ointed dolls we e also sold , and some the l tter boasted

- r t. 1840 a r maché china heads . F om abou , chin , wax , then wax ove pap ier were r k p op ula , bisque ta ing the lead as soon as costs decreased . on t In the nineties of the last century and into the twentie h century , bisque headed dolls were by f ar the most in demand . They had come within the reach f o almost everyone . Many novelty dolls appeared at intervals during the whole of the nine t e nth r r 1827 Mal zel l e centu y . In the yea , made possible the ﬁrst successfu “ mamma- p ap a sp eaking doll ( earlier exp eriments had been made ) and at 1 2 “ k ” “ ” 8 6 a . about the same time , , w l ing and sleeping dolls were invented r r t o O and 1826 Eyes we e ﬁ st made p en shut by p ulling a string , but after , the

- counter balance weight idea c ame into use . Since the Old method continued to

f r ne k r- be followed o some time , o is apt to thin that the counte balance weight was ; r n a later invention . It has even been stated that the latte was ot in general ’ 1890 s a n r b v manv a use until the , a st teme t easily disp oved ex mples in exist r 18 90 ence long befo e . Patents f or crying and singing dolls were issued in the United ’ r h r States f om t e 18 60 s on . Among the most inte esting were the W ebber sing f r r f o a a t 18 82 . O a a o ing dolls , the p atent dates which beg n bou It p e ted by me ns a bellows arrangement and had only t o be squeezed to emit cute little p op ular

‘

t h . T e W . . ar r unes of the day . A H wood c ying doll of 1877 Op erated by blowing t r r f in o a eed mouthp iece inse ted in the breast O the doll . 18 3 9 . . a a P O a. an of In , J P King f Phil delp hi , , p atented ingenious method r a r Two r r . one t p oducing c ying sound ubbe bulbs , con aining air , one water , the r t r r a whole sur ounded by tubes wi h reeds inse ted therein , we e p l ced in the f o . r r on s a body the doll P essu e the bulbs cau ed realistic wail . Old dolls n t r “ r l with simp le little bellows i side hei bodies are legion , but the mo e comp i c at ed are f t o di ﬁcul t ﬁnd . 3 — 0 DOLLS A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

W ” M I ” ﬁ /W

1 9 re e n 1 8 71 . 20 a n r ( ) C pi g doll of ( ) W lki g doll , c i c a 1 8 6 9 ; c hi n a h e a d . 2 1 P at e n t ra w n f o r w a n 8 6 9 ( ) d i g lki g doll of 1 .

188 8 m . a W As early as a p honograph doll was invented In th t year , illia W a s . Jacques Of Newton , M s , patented a combined doll and phonograph . W k “ e are prone to thin of the nursing doll that drinks from a bottle ,

-W ets D - r such as the Betsy y and y Dee , as entirely mode n , but the idea is not 18 90 t of r r new . In , Rudolph S einer Sonnebe g , Ge many, patented just such r W ff a . doll in Ame ica hile the manner of elimination was a little di erent , the k same idea was utilized . The Steiner doll siphoned the mil from a bottle,

ou t r k k the long end of the siphon coming f om the bac of the nec , down the

m an . spinal colu n, and ending in a p p laced under the seat 18 1 r 7 r . Patents for c eeping dolls were granted in March , , to Robe t J Clay,

r k Of k . and in August Of the same year, to Geo ge P . Clar s , both New Yor City

k- k r ra They were op erated by cloc wor mechanism . F om the patent d wings , r r one would judge the Clay doll to be the mo e inte esting . DOLLS OF TH E NINETEENTH CENTURY 31

The number of walking dolls of the nineteenth century is legion . Most m of these acquired their accomplishment by eans Of mechanical equipment , and 1862 has One E . . some bear the patent date . showing the R Morrison p atent Of e a most interesting china head with ﬂowers molded on . It winds with a k y, f k f or i of as so many o them did , and wal s an astonish ng length time around a wide area . Some have Parian heads . f W . C . o Mrs . illiam Knobloch of Washington , D , is the proud possessor a fascinating bisque - headed walking doll ( about 20 inches in height ) which E n ot only steps along at a lively pace , but repeats in nglish ( although she is “ "” m a French doll) Hello , hello , hello at the same time moving her head fro r side to side and bringing up her a ms to an inviting outstretched position . k N Sketches a and b show the doll in wal ing and in sitting positions . otice the symbol on the sole of the shoewith the French word for p atent ( depose) under neath .

d o

A W" 3

22 P a t e n raw n f o r w a n 1 3 ( ) t d i g lki g doll of 87 .

Two of the most interesting walkers Of the nineteenth century which do not k- k a r f 186 have cloc wor mech nism a ethe A . W . Nicholson doll o 9, and the W k f 18 Henry C . or doll O 73 . Patent drawings of these two dolls are given k here in order to Show how they wor . The heads of the actual dolls found do k k F n n k . or o e not loo li e those in the pate t s etches instance , at least specimen of N n the icholson doll has a beautiful china head with ﬂowers molded o . Such t o dolls are apt be found with the china legs entirely missing . This of course not aﬂ c r r f r k 18 does e t the fo wa d motion . Patent o the Wor doll of 73 calls

r — — or for eithe simple movement pushing or pulling with the hand , if the

a f k- k ot m nu acturer desired , cloc wor mechanism . The latter was evidently n k used, for those found in collections are the simple ind . The idea of the ro 3 2 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

of tating wheel legs was also used for a paper doll of the twentiet h century . Patents for automatic walking dolls were granted here in 1826 ’ 62 ’ 69 , , , ’73 ’ 75 ’ 8 6 ’ 6 9 . t r k , , and Twentieth cen u y wal ers , as a rule , do not have clock k Or wor mechanism wheels . 1902 f k . . o Y In , E U Steiner Broo lyn , N . . , invented the ﬁrst of the walking dolls to p erform by merely holding its hand and giving it a slight lateral Sway

one lk was as wa ed with it . This followed by the more simply constructed , “ ” k O 1913 the W k Schoenhut wal ing doll f , then by clumsy Dolly al er patented

1 r - 917 . 1933 th E in by Ha ry H Coleman , a ventriloquist . In , e e Gee Company k u k and r of New Yor brought out an nexceptional wal er , a few yea s later , the loveli est of the modern walking dolls was placed on the market by the Alexander of k r Doll Company New Yor City . It was designed by M s . Adel Tongren of

i - . eann e Walker Grand Rapids , Michigan This doll , J , was a well proportioned l “ lk l k ” child that cou d sit , stand and wa i e a perfect little lady .

Other dolls which performed without elaborate mechanism were the ﬂi rt ” - u as r 1895 r ing eye doll , sed by Jumeau ea ly as , still used in Ame ica ; the clown doll ( German ) which clapped cymbals and squeaked at the same time “ ” “ ” by a simple pressure Of hi s tummy ; the recent magic hand doll which picks u p things by means of magnetic steel hidden under the ﬁnish of the “ ” “ ” hand ; the beating - heart doll of 1941 ; and Dy - Dee and Betsy-W ets y of f about the same time . Mus ic boxes concealed in the bodies of dolls and stuf ed a r in t of nimals we e p opular the hirties this century .

of k as t r r The art ma ing automata, in existence as early the hi d centu y “ ” r B . C . , was revived and utilized for play dolls all th ough the nineteenth “ ”

a s . r m century . Att ched mu ic boxes added to the interest An ea ly Ju eau O dressed as a hunter, still p erating, can blow his horn and nod his head while “ ” s a a his mu ic box pl ys Tore dor , loudly and long ; another , a lady , can raise a beautiful bouquet of ﬂowers to her nose and alternately lift a fan with the other hand ; ladies at a tea party pick up tiny cups and bring them to their lips ; a wee woman sits at a miniature piano and plays ; a bisque -headed little girl in a swing moves back and forth to bellows music ; eighteenth century “ ladies in a coach and two b owtheir heads to the audience while an elegant coachman proudly drives his horses round and round a large table ; and there

— — are dolls galore relatively sp eaking which can curtsey and dance to music .

’ are Creeping dolls seem to be America s specialty , although most of them

- Off on f or r a r r short lived . and the last fo ty ye rs street vendo s in la ge cities have cried their wares while these little performers crawled away on the side

- walk until their clock work mechanism slowed down and stopped . The cheap ones were soon out of order .

Movable ﬁgures and t oys h ave always delighted grown - ups as well as

r the f or child en . Before eighteenth century, they were made mostly adults , if a and B we except the costly affairs made f or children Of the rich . In Ar bia y r r r t t a D. zantine before the year A . , there we e a tiﬁcial bi ds ha s ng and

ﬂa ed and t p p their wings , dogs which could wag their tails , dolls hat could

34 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

. F or a and f r m t move the child of these e rly days , later ones too , o that a ter, t m - k - r ﬁs t - here were the ju ping j ac , the corn grinde and the puppet , none of

- which needed delicate mechanism . Today we still have the jumping j ack and the ﬁs t -p uppet and many other toys moved by the simp le methods emp loyed us f by the Egyptians two tho and years before the birth o Christ . And the a child now enj oys a gre ter number of more complicated mechanical toys . The r nineteenth century brought a g eat increase in these products . 18 60 1900 Between the years and , a number of dolls with two to ﬁve faces

- were manufactured , and , within the last few years , Japan exp orted two faced

b one one . aby dolls , with a crying , with a sleep ing face The head revolves in

k - a soc et . The earlier multi faced dolls were made to turn faces by means Of k a a string attached to a revolving pin . S etches in the ch p ter on W ax Dolls f h f will give an idea o t e method O construction . In the late sixties and early seventies Of the last century a number of patents were issued f or multi - faced

ﬁr B r f k ou t i r ne m . u o k dolls ; o , M France , too three p atents of th s ind du ing r ﬁr t . s m k hose yea s Germany u ed the idea , and one German too out a patent

18 1 - hecki ni in thi s country ( 8 ) for a double faced wax doll . Domino C of N ew

- n 1866. ax Haven , Con , patented a four faced doll in His dolls had w faces . Although Ge rmany dominated the world of dolls during the nineteenth

r r r a k — century and ea lier , each coun t y was noted for a pa ticul r ind England “ ’ ” l s for her wax and rag do l , Holland for her wooden ones , Flanders babies

r l r a y i - maché as they we e cal ed ; Ge m n for her ch na heads , papier and wooden h f or a mac é . dolls , and France her bisque and p pier '

r W r W ar . Before the Fi st o ld , America made few dolls There were some f w o composition , rubber , cloth , wood , described in the chapters dealing ith i each part cular typ e . However, as noted elsewhere , several American ﬁrms made

s r . ﬁrm doll bodi es to be us ed with head imported f om Germany One , Gold k k f K . s mith O Covington , y , employed German wor men to ma e wax and com r p osition heads i n its own facto y . It is from the nineteenth century that collectors of antique dolls Obtain r r of r most of their t easures , and eve y period the centu y produced interesting “ ll ones . It has been said by inexperienced collectors I do not buy any do s

‘ — W k " are marked Germany they are so common . hat a mista e There some

n t rk ﬂes h- r lovely , and also u common ones with his ma , specimens in colo ed china with beautiful coloring and well deﬁned features . But any doll that has been

A S loved and played with is interesting ; so also are its little clothes . Sap pho “ a her : r said , in ancient times , when she dedic ted doll to Aphrodite O Aph odite , ’ k a r despise not my doll s little purple nec erchief . I , S p pho , dedicate this p ecious ” gift to you " Perhaps,in days to come , when all present collections will have n r passed into the hands of perso s still unborn , the e will be amongst them some “ ” “ who will despise neither these common dolls nor their little purple necker chief . C hapter 5

CHINA-HEADED DOLLS

AND THEIR MARKS

Y the term chi na we mean that branch Of cer amics which is baked and

ou r an glazed . It is a far call from the common clay used by remote

es t rs . c o , yet clay is the foundation of china

The earliest known pottery is E gyptian and dates thousands of years r k of earlier than the birth Of Ch ist . The Bible spea s potteries at the time a of the building of the Tower of Babel . As civiliz tion advanced , dolls , among

u r . other toys , were man factu ed

The term p ottery is general ; it means anything made of clay— earthenware k is baked ; china is ba ed and glazed ; bisque is unglazed china , whether or not

r - it is the late bisque with which we are most familia , French bisque , stone ware ,

- - r or ou . sugar bisque , Pa ian bisque what have y Doll collectors never refer to a bisque doll as a china doll ; others often do , thereby causing confusion . O r k m There are various grades f china , as eve yone nows , but of the ain di visions , hard and soft paste , the collector is most concerned with the hard

- f r . paste , o soft paste china doll heads are almost non existent

China - headed dolls come in a greater variety Of make -u p than is generally k com supp osed . There are the swivel nec ed (turning head) as well as the more

' - f mon head bu s t r . O shoulder head ( , and shoulde s all in one piece ) Most those r or we see have painted blue eyes , but a few have glass eyes , eithe stationary

- - r . closing, and one in about eve y hundred has brown A grey eyed china head is r or still mo e unusual . One occasionally ﬁnds enamelled china teeth inset ; also

f or ear- r O holes rings , although these characte istics are more ften found in

- d f - the bisque headed olls . A few o the individually made peddler dolls ( rep

r r w me resenting st eet vendo s ) have china heads , and the latter ere used with h ni l f r c a ca bodies (motion dolls) and also o music box dolls . r O Of the various g ades f china used for doll heads , by far the greater

r are are numbe dead white ; ﬁner ones creamy white , and the most interesting

r ﬂ h - r t i nk of all a e es colo ed . Collec ors generally refer to all the latter as p lu s tre r a k r of f , but the e l pin lust e , comp osed gold applied over a thin coating o 3 6 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

3 0 3 1 3 2 T re e n a r l h e n r i n a a s . ( , , ) h c ommo v i e t i e s of l at e ot c t u y c h h e d

8 181 1 0 . . 3 rose , iridescent , is not common It was made in quantity from 0 to

- Flesh colored china dolls were made as late as the twentieth century . They ’ all are collector s items .

f — With re erence to china headed dolls found today, collectors differ widely about dates and places of origin , but certain facts have been deﬁnitely estab li s hed . Almost all the china heads with which we are familiar came originally

h — m . u r as ed O fro Germany They may have been p c in another country, ften

— n were , and the body parts may have been assembled outside their native cou m m f m of try, but Ger any anu actured by far the greater nu ber china parts , and CHINA - HEADE D DOLLS A N D THEIR MARKS 3 7

f or a good reason ; by a clever division of work; in places outside the big cities where labor was cheaper that country was able to Off er lower prices than pre vailed elsewhere . It was for this reason that many French doll manufactories

ﬁn ally went ou t of business . The re are a gre at many dolls in this country collectors proudly point to t if rd hir f as Chelsea or S a o s e, o which the English potteries have disclaimed any W k kn owledge . hile they admit that individual wor men might have made

a s . doll heads fter hour , they state that the dolls never were made in commercial l Vorld W ar rk mak quantity . During the First , disabled soldiers were given wo

i u t ing bisque heads ( Often m sleadingly referred to as china) at the potteries , b k k these are mar ed and are unmista able . They were manufactured between 2 f 1918 19 0 or . and , and are the most part crude By the time the soldiers had k really learned the trade and were doing good wor , the war was over and trade

u m w res ed ith Germany , where the cost of production was lower .

( 3 3 3 4 re c o n u n o n at e c n a a s , ) Mo l hi h e d . DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

E arlier writers about dolls realized that Germany really was the doll f r t Ni h l 18 8 o S . c o as 7 country . Hope Howard , writing in May , , has this to say on the subj ect “ W f N ow Germany i s really the D0 11 Country . e are told o the Paris ‘ ’ doll as the representative of its race . It is true that the doll population of France and especially of Paris is very large ; but it is essentially a class race in the latter place . As you pass through the streets you see them dressed in the latest mode and looking at you ou t of their great eyes f or approval Of their

Abov e ( 3 5 ) D ot t e r doll w i t h p a t e n t e d c o rs e t s .

a a i n A . t h a rt e Body w s m d e U . S . , e h e d impo d e r a n from G m y . R ight ( 3 6 ) Gold s mi t h doll w i t h p at e n t e d c o r e e r c a n - a e e a rt e s t s . Body , Am i m d ; h d , impo d r r an 1 5 f om G e m y , 8 8 . CHINA - HEADED DOLLS AND THEIR MARKS 39

’ - - r 3 8 3 9 r t e r s s t e r c n a h e a s c rc a 1 8 8 0 s . ( 3 7) Chi n a h e ad c i c a 1 8 8 0 . ( , ) B o h i hi d i - ’ 40 4 1 r t e r s s t e r c n a e a s t h e a t e 1 8 8 0 s . ( , ) B o h i hi h d of l

k style . But in Dresden and other German cities , you see dolls Of every ran .

Y u You see them in every style of dress and undress . o encounter them in not every nationality represented by its peculiar costume , and as in France , r sée o Parisian . You establishments devoted entirely to the fashioning of their clothes ; you go through an adj acent town to visit some manufactory of por ’ cel ain or k , historical monument , and you ﬁnd wholesale ma ers of dolls bonnets and you become impressed with the importance of the position the doll oc ” m r cu p i es in the com unity of the wo ld . f r As before stated, most o the china heads we see today a e of hard paste ,

k E 1709 e of and few date bac as far as its discovery in urope in . ( The secr t 40 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS its discovery in China some years before had been so closely guarded that kn f k l o . 1 09 the owledge how it was manufactured did not lea out ) Before 7 , do l heads and complete dolls had been made from the soft paste and from clay .

Occasionally a soft paste china head is found ; more Often (but these are not ’ common ) a clay doll made by the American p otteries from the l 7o0 s to the

- m r r on H and ade Dolls . twentieth century . These we e c ude . See chapter

W r t o t - r A n E nc ith refe ence sof paste china Ha old Lewis Bond , in y

l o e i A nti u e th c p d a of q s , says that e most interesting pieces were made between 1 44 1800 a r 7 and ; also , that the e rly Sevres po celain was of soft paste , but its “ ” - r r . a . later productions are all of h d p aste Soft paste po celain , says Mr

r 1 43 n u s u a c i n a e a ( 42 ) Chi n a h e a d wi t h i t s foot a n d a rm c i c a 8 8 5 . ( ) U l h h d of ’ 4 4 n a e a w t i t s t a n d a r m c n u r n t h e t h e l a t e 1 8 70 s . ( ) Chi h d i h foo ommo d i g ’ 5 - e r an n c n a e a 1 8 6 8 . 1 8 7 0 s . ( 4 ) G m blo d hi h d of

42 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

could be made . A thin piece of the latter is SO translucent that when held to ’ of m the light the shadow one s thu b is easily seen ; when tapped , it rings like

. a bell Kaolin is now found in many parts of the world , including America

1709 r k r - In , when Bottger discove ed the secret of ma ing ha d paste china, r the royal facto y where he was employed was moved from Dresden to Meissen .

’ a r W r Here its m nufactu e was continued until the Seven Years a , when Fred k r a a k r eric the G e t conﬁsc ted the molds and too them to Be lin . Until that time,

- ’ 4 9 U n u s u a c n a e a e h 1 5 0 s . u r e s M rs D a s 5 0 i n a ( ) l hi h d d doll of t e 8 Co t y . vi . ( ) Ch e a w t ru s ar s a a n d r w n e rc 1 6 5 5 1 “\ n n e h d i h b h m k t t e mpl e b o e y s , c i a 8 . ( ) Vi i ” - D a s c n a e a e s u r a n e e rat e u s e u R c n V a . vi . a hi h d d viv l of 1 8 7 0 . Co f d M m , i hmo d,

r r r Meissen ware was foremost in Eu ope , although a little late , when F ance dis

k w of r - covered aolin , and ith it , cou se , hard paste china, the Royal Factory at r r Sevres was a close second . Meissen neve recovered its o iginal ﬁne ware . The r mode n china had its beginnings at Sevres . It is interesting to note that porcelain decorated under the glaze is a method used only for unusual p ieces . The common procedure is to decorate

has over the glaze , and this method been used in all periods and countries .

- s u n The commonest of all the china heads easily is recognized by its bu hy,

- k natural loo ing crop of hair topping a face with small features . Its cousin, made side by Side with this masterpiece ( i?) has a much more interesting and k of k of natural loo ing hair arrangement . A study the s etches these two dolls

f r k . will give a fair idea o what they a e. Notice the squat nec and short shoulders CHINA - HEADED DOLLS AND THEIR MARKS 43

Short- shouldered dolls came in when the fashion for low - necked dresses was

a - conﬁned exclusively to evening we r . One always will ﬁnd the short shouldered china - headed and china - limbed doll with high - heeled shoes if it has its original

- w re 18 60 . l o body . High heels were introduced in Europe in Previously, re heels had prevailed since the First Empire p eriod . This is a point to be membered when trying t o dat e a doll— the really Old one with legs of the same

ﬂ - of 1860 material as the head has at soled shoes . A stylish doll had small heels, ’ r k o becoming higher as the decade advanced . Since manufactu er s stoc s had t

5 2 T re e ra re c na - a e s ( ) h hi h e d d doll .

’ be s l l 8 6o s u ed up , some dol s without heels were still sold during the , but it was not long before all the dolls with molded legs boasted the new style . The two heads referred to in the above paragraph were made in Germany from about 1880 up to the outbreak Of the Second W orld W ar ; in the later f r r p eriod o collectors who wanted to d ess dolls in Godey fashion . Those made after 1891 had the name of the cou ntry from which they came engraved on the or a d d shoulder of the doll , , when sp ce i not permit , on the body . There was an

- u occasional slip p at the factory , however , so that the rule is not infallible .

- 18 91 Of the thousands of late china heads ( after ) examined by the writer , all were marked Germany with the exception of a few labelled J ap an or Nip p on

r r r f - r k on models p atte ned afte the Ge man . None o the china heads we e mar ed E n l nd a . g Of the late bisque heads , by far the greater number were inscribed

German F rance Pari y, some or s , and only a few (made in England to give help f rld W r E n l n o o a a d . k to veterans the First W , ) g England ma es quantities of “ ” dolls , but she gets her china and bisque parts on the continent . It does not pay r f to comp ete with Ge many in this ﬁeld o endeavor . France has come the

t t — d closes wi h her bisque headed olls ; America has tried to a limited extent , but 44 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

Germany has remained tops in this ﬁeld of endeavor except during wars f . o when trade has been interrupted Recently Emma C . Clear Redondo Beach, ’ - California, has made china headed dolls for the collectors trade , and during of r W W ar P r m the period the Fi st orld , the ulper Potteries of New Je sey ade

- bisque headed dolls , patterned from the German , the trade reverting to Ger

r - many afte the war , as was the case with the English bisque head trade .

To return to the subject of the late china - headed dolls : the two referred a to are by no me ns the only styles prevailing during this period . There was nﬁ ll i nite variety even among the common do s , but the two under di scussion ll are the commonest and should cost the least . It is unwise to turn down a do k r n ( as some collectors do ) merely because it is mar ed Ge ma y . A study Of the l sketches will give an idea of some of the other late dol s .

n a - e a h 1 ’ s 5 4 n a e a t e n c a e a r T ( 5 3 ) Chi h d e d doll of t e 8 60 . ( ) Chi h d of ll d M y odd ’ “ ” w a n e ra . n 5 5 i n a e a t h e 1 8 7 0 s . 5 6 t h e c e re Li c ol n . ( ) Ch h d of ( ) Child of ov d go “ ” ra ( 5 7) L a d y of t h e c ove re d w a gon e .

- t In judging a china headed doll , be guided by the quali y, condition , the

- W k are ? hair arrangement and general make u p . hat mar s there , if any Is the doll well proportioned ?Is the neck line good ?Are the features attractive or and well centered ?Is the coloring good ?If the china is bluish dead white , r as the doll is not as ﬁne as one with c eamy texture , and certainly not desirable as one tinted ﬂesh color unless other good points outweigh consideration for

ﬂes h - — i coloring and quality Of china . If the doll is colored and th s is much CHINA - HEADED DOLLS AND T HE IR MARKS 45 less common than white— is the color evenly distributed ? The cheaper ones are blotchy . a of Old i n Hairdo is one me ns identifying the doll , but it is by no means

chi ld ff fallible . Hair styles repeat , and the style for a doll might be di erent ” ’ u lt of the 1820 s from that of an ad . For instance , a child might have short ’ one O l 8 80 s ff f or r l hair similar to f the , but the coi ure a doll rep esenting an adu t ’ ff r 1820 s . Of the would be quite di e ent To further confuse , a doll representing an

i n ( 5 8 ) F i n e r gl e t t e d c hi n a h e a d of abo u t 1 8 00 s u ppo s e d t o re p re s e n t A d e l i n i P at ti . ’ ’ 5 9 n a e a h 5 0 n ar 0 w i a rm a n d l . 6 0 6 1 ( ) Chi h d of t e l at e 1 8 s a d e ly 1 8 6 s it h t s e g ( , ) - - P re W ar c i n a e a i arm an d l t c e nat s e s e . 6 2 n a Civil h h d s w t h e g. No i ol d ho ( ) Chi ’ e a t h e 1 s . u rt e s M rs a arr s n as n t n D . . h d of 8 5 0 Co y . Willi m G i o , W hi g o , C

adult of 1800 would be apt to have the short hair fashionable for grown - ups of

r - r that period . However , most of the sho t hai ed dolls came late in the century, r r r k and easily can be identiﬁed by thei sho t shoulde s , squat nec s , and high heeled boots . It must be borne in mind that popular hair styles were sometimes us ed

W ou t one k for periods as long as ﬁfty years . hen the mold wore , a new li e it

one diﬂi cu lt was made . That is reason why it is to tell the exact age Of an old doll unless it has been handed down in a family . “ ” Few china - heads (the Dotter and Goldsmith excepted ) were in a scribed with the d te , but some of the composition heads were so dated , and 46 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

“ 0 3 n a e a s e t e s c a e D a a r ” A a r e a h a w ( ) Chi h d om im ll d gm . s imil h d s t o u f s a r a h a h 6 4 n a n ’ ’ p f of h i t t e b c k of t e h e a d . ( ) U u s u l c hi a h e a d c i rc a 1 8 5 0 s “ r t h e c e c t n M rs . e r e R . u n t A u x as s e 5 e n n f om oll io of G o g H , V , Mo . ( 6 ) J y ” ' - n . u rt e s T h e u s e u h t N e w r 6 6 l 9 t h Li d Co y M m of t e Ci y of Y o k . ( ) Mid c e n t u ry b a ld c hi n a h e a d w i t h n at u ral h a i r gl u e d o n ( c hi n a a rm s a n d

e s . u rt e s h e w r r t 6 7 E ar 1 9 h l g ) Co y t N e Y o k Hi s t o i c a l S o c i e y M u s e u m . ( ) l y t - c e n t u r w e n e n e o l l w . a e i n k u s r e a 68 n a y ood D g joi t d d i t h gl z d p l t e h d . ( ) Chi - a w e r n 1 9t h ce n t u r . h e d i t h gold l u s t s ood . Mid y

since the latter were also made in china at the same period (and earlier ) we

a . F r have fairly deﬁnite d tes for those with certain hair styles o instance, the

diﬂ erent r eight or more hai dos Of the dated Greiner dolls tell a story . A pho “ t ograp h of the original Greiner patent shown with the doll head Greiner im ” in 185 8 r one k proved , pictu es with cor screw ringlets curved to the head, which proves conclusively that the ﬁrst on e he p atented is the one the label of which “ r 1858 reads Improved , and that this hai style was still popular in . It was ’ r a 40 s copied f om an earlier German model in china , made in qu ntity in the CHINA - HEADED DOLLS AND THEIR MARKS 47

’ and 5o s of the last century . The heads Greiner made in the late seventies

- a copy the short haired china variety with which collectors are most f miliar , for

h of W t e latter were made u p until the beginning the Second orld War .

of k not nl In judging the age a doll , we must loo o y at the hair arrange ment and the Shoes (whether or not modelled feet have ﬂat soles) but the f a k k general contour o the f ce , nec and shoulders , and the expression . The mee , r n d n demu e aspect of the antique doll is ot there by accident . It is an in icatio of what was expected of women of the period . The older ones Often have a

a - r " k rather ﬂat f ce , well p oportioned nose and nec , and always long , deep shoul “ “ n - u - - u r s ders . Since the grow p and half grown p we e more numerou than the ‘ ’ baby doll in the earlier years , the eyes of the older doll are apt to be more oval, k r r the nec and a ms longe , the hands better shaped , and the whole appearance

( 6 9 ) F n e c n a e a c rc a 1 8 3 0 r t h e c e c t n M r a “ i hi h d i f om oll io of s D vi s . ( 70 ) Mi s s ” - V e ry w o rn , a c n a e a e a u t 1 8 3 2 e a s i n ai r re hi h d d doll of bo , ( b d h d s s mold e d o n . ) 1 “ ” ( 7 ) E u e n e c rc a 1 8 50 . t e s t e a rm a n l g i , i No old yl d e g. 48 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

- k l m l h les s child li e than later mode s . The s a l c i ld doll of the late nineteenth w ro century was represented ith the rounder , more childish eyes and a ﬁgure p ort i onat d p e to the chil . k k n h l . As stated before , it is a mista e to thin that there were o early c i d dolls

r as k r r The e were a good many , we now f om old eng avings , as well as the ﬁgures “ ” bu t lad or teen a e themselves , y g dolls predominated , the ladies with long k w k k nec s, the younger ones ith nec s more in eep ing with the age they were ex d B ab r p ect e to represent . y dolls appea ed in quantity at about the middle Of the

ladi e r r s . century , but were still popula Today a epresentation of the child is by ’ a r f far the most desir ble child s toy , and a rep esentation O an adult the most l w f r pop ular collection do l . Since the da n O doll histo y all types have been made and will continue to be made .

Among the unus ual in hairdress of the china- headed dolls are

’ ’ k k or — 1 2 - 5 A not in bac , hair rolled plain at the sides 8 0 s 18 0 s . ( The style was repeated in bisque at a later period ) 2 a k r k k . Str ight cor sc ew curls at either side of the head , and a not in bac , said to represent Queen Victo ria about 1840 ; k rk k . 3 . Plain cor screw curls , sometimes ending abruptly in a ind of ledge ( Co ’ r — 1830 s screw curls curved to the head a e desirable but not as rare . )

bu n k of 1850 A braided at the bac in the style Jenny Lind , ; r r a a b Hair looped at the back (waterfall hai d ess ) and held in pl ce by com , u ff or l 1860 p ed rolled at the sides , popu ar in ; and r a Hair draped loosely g acefully at the sides , caught in comb at the k ff bac , underneath which is a double pu , ending in clusters of long ring in 1850 lets , the style worn by Eugenie in ; r 18 30 Long cu ls falling loosely over the shoulders , circa ; r r Long slightly waved hair falling over the shoulde s , bangs in f ont held , ’ r l 87o s down with ribbon , ci ca ; n s Hair with gold snood , a bow o either side of the head , called by collector Mary Todd Lincoln ( no deﬁnite proof) circa 18 60 ; r r s Hair with oll c u ls completely covering head , sometime with curls spilling 1868 over the Shoulders , introduced in ;

Any hairdress with brush marks at the temples . This was done occas i onally all through the 19th century ; ’ Boy s hairdress with p art at the side ; r the r a Bangs . ( Some of these are late and rep esent small child , mo e popul r as the 19th century advanced ) “ t r a a 18 70 . The girl with a curl in the middle Of her fo ehe d , circ S yle repeated with a little diff e rent hair arrangement about 1890 ; r r 1860 Page b oy style , almost st aight hai , circa ;

- a k t on r n of a . Bald headed china dolls , some with a round bl c pa ch c ow he d

- r - a Wigs were sup posed to accompany the bald heads . This Ge man m de

- - head should not be confused with the Jap an es e made baby bald head . The '

r t of r . lat ter has almost no shoulde s , and he name the count y is underneath The German - made have deep shoulders and are unmarked ;

1832 r a of a- Hair with beads entwined , circa , pe h ps the rarest the chin heads ;

50 DOLLS — A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

r k f or a- After the gene al use of the swivel nec dolls , even a few chin heads f r . ou t o were so made In some cases , holes were cut eyes and teeth , just as in and and a k the bisque comp osition , number of wal ing dolls with china heads

ﬂes h - - k were made . A colored china head with swivel nec and inset glass eyes,

r rk of rl u meau u f or r a r at having the ea ma s the ea y J , is laid p ep i s the Cooper rk U s C . nion Mu eum , New Yo ity It would be imp ossible t o list all the hundreds of varieties of the china

of r one k headed dolls . After years sea ch when thin s now I have seen them “ ” t ? The ak all , another pops up and says How abou me writer has t en certain ’ unusual dolls ( sometimes not t oo unusual ) to a collector of forty-ﬁv e years

u rt e s M rs . ( 73 ) Chi n a h e a d w it h gold b a n d s i n h a i r an d gu imp mold e d o n . Co y

i h l s t n a s s . G e o rge W h c e ow , Bo o , M

” a ou r ? standing and s id , Have y ever seen these befo e and the answer has “ ” s r . i been , No The search for the rare antique doll limitless , pe haps that is why it is so intriguing . Dealers usually ﬁnd their antiques by attending auc “ ” an tion sales and by advertising . Sometimes a dealer will buy attic ( con k one t ents thereof) and a few dolls mav come to light in an old trun . Often k dealer will buy from another f or a special customer . Let it be nown that you are interested in antique dolls and will pay a fair price ; sooner or later someone a a r will come forward with a doll you want . Remember th t the de le himself

' doll ev en r is Often has to pay a big price f or a rare , at auction , but be su e it rare before you give him more than $25 f or an old doll . “ A collector who makes a sp ecialty of the frozen Charlotte an unj ointed doll stationary arms and legs— will ﬁnd many interesting varieties in china . , ’ r a r r as own . They were made in g e t , g eat g andmother s time well as in our a r a Here , t oo, watch for the unusu l ; they come in all g ades of china in v rying

- and sizes ; in pink lustre ; in old fashioned and modern hairdo ; in bonnet hat

of r all the . styles , and in various stages d ess and undress , in china mold CHINA - HEADED DOLLS AND THE IR MARKS 5 1

r t o or ou t or of . The a ms may be straight the sides , held , in an attitude prayer The latter is seen in what ap pears to be a bathrobe tied around the middle with a tasseled cord of gilt and a band of green ribbon in her curly hair . Some say

S he a f or a is a bathing beauty and not in a praying mood , but with rms set

not n t o rozen harl otte dive . It is uncommon for o e see a f C twelve inches high a t r and a midget sc rcely more han an inch long . The ave age is two and a half to three and a half inches .

- It is interesting to ﬁnd tiny china headed dolls with unusual hairdress .

of Coarse china tends to smother the lines the little head , but it is surp rising

r - k what wealth of detail is possible in a ve y fine china . The six inch doll s etched of k a is pin lustre , perfectly modelled with fine , be utiful features , graceful “ ” k rk swan nec and brush ma s showing fine hairs at the temp le . Such a doll is worth more than a much larger one of the same period and style in coarse

- . f or of china In buying the tinies , watch a good grade china, well blended

r a t he l ff - r o . coloring and featu es th t are pleasing ; atter , cente , can spoil a doll

( 74 - 78 T i n ﬁ n e c n a - e a e s a n d a “ r e n a r ” ) y hi h d d doll F oz Ch lot t e , 52 DOLLS -A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

KPM

79 O l d a r s o n c n a s w a e n u n o n e a s . ( ) m k hi , om e of hi c h h v e b e fo d doll h d

From the tiniest of china - heads to the largest— and some are over thirty

- — inches tall with almost life sized heads the grade of china , condition and hair

dress, are p rime factors in judging the worth of an old doll . But study care r oi nts r r fully all the p to be conside ed befo e paying an extravagant price , and

Of be sure the doll is not a duplicate . Some the duplicates are lovely and worth

collecting, but the cost should be considerably less than the cost of the antique .

Marks on Chi na Dolls

Collectors know that almost all the early dolls have no mark whatsoever r of r a a eithe the date , the country whe e they origin ted , the factory, the p tent ,

r ul Old se ial or size number . However , there are exceptions to this r e , and k rk dolls have been found with mar s inside the head . Some of the ma s illus ’ trat ed are Por among those few, the most interesting being that of the King s cel ain Manufactories It was found inside a beautiful old pink luster a r 1840 china head with hairdress Simil r to that worn by Queen Victo ia in ,

- n l W r o a o d . when the Queen was twenty e ye rs hile it was conside ed , at that ' ’ t of r t r k time , beneath the digni y the King s Po celain Manufac o ies to ma e dolls , an exception might easily have been made if the doll actually represented so

famous a person . It has been said that twelve portrait dolls of the queen were

i - in - O . made , one given to each f her lad es waiting CHINA - H E ADE D DOLLS AND THEIR MARKS 53

of ld ks r on the In the illustrations O mar , the th ee symbols lowest line will r aff r be inte esting to those collectors who claim to own Chelsea , St ordshi e and r r r . O Sevres dolls The ﬁ st on the extreme left , the enci cled ancho , is the ldest 4 r The rk a 17 7 o . ma of the Chelsea ( English ) f ctory , the date , thereabouts ﬁ hi r k center symbol on the same line is the oldest S ta ords e mar . This English 1 1 a fact ory was established in 79 by Thom s Minton , and his name appears with the globe and crown symbol Of his later products . The symbol at the r r 1 45 f n k . 7 o extreme right o this line is the ma of the Fi st Royal Epoch , ( the Sevres factory which was established at Vincennes in 1740 and removed , , 5 1 60 to Sevres in 17 6 . In 7 , King Loui s XV became the sole proprietor . Soft f 1805 . o paste was made until , since then , only hard paste For further study ’ f r n on r m t i Ma ks a d M o a s . h s interesting subject , see Cha fer s g

’ 186 f or About 0, size numbers appeared on dolls heads , evidently the ﬁrst not n m m time . The custom was general u til later , and few serial nu bers ade r 188 t heir appearance befo e 0 . A modelled head (not china) made in this

18 68 chi na country, has the date , but no head inscribed with the date seems to 1880 have made its appearance before , at which time one imported from Ger

s - i n cri many to be u ed with the American made Dotter doll body, bears the s p P t 18 85 De . 18 8 0 . tion a . c 7, This was followed in by a china head with the

h - date inscribed, used wit the American made Goldsmith body . Goldsmith us ed h w as b o . undated heads , too . One a ribbon molded onto the head This Often is k called the Dolly Madison , probably erroneously for it is hardly li ely that a , head made in Germany about 1885 would represent an American lady who was

own r her own — r f famous only in her count y and in time , the early pa t o the r wa . mi centu y However as noted before , there s a somewhat si lar head made about 1800 ; the latter with longer shoulders and a more mature exp ression than

’ 18 80 r r s . f r the model As indicated befo e , sho t hair was the style o women about the beginning of the nineteenth century ; whereas the same style was sui table nl r r I t r o y for the young gi l at the later pe iod . is possible that the ea ly doll was made to represent Dolly Madison .

China heads with shirred blouses represent an overlapping period ; there f r r fore , some are inscribed with the name o the country , whe e they we e made , German k P y, others have no mar s . Those with the word atented are fair col ’ r O k . are r lecto s items , as they represent the ﬁrst f their ind Many insc ibed with Christian names , as stated elsewhere .

W i on. h le symbols bisque heads abound , they rarely are seen on china . A r k few ea ly nineteenth century had inside mar s , as stated, but only one or two a h ve come to light on late heads . A bell with the single initial K inside it r a r appea s on at least two china he ds , a boy and a girl , the latte with bangs . ’ t are r ﬂes h - d 1890 s Bo h Ge man , tinted olls of the . Another with the same symbol “ ” a on appe rs a bisque head Of about the same p eriod . All of them are good

r f r nu m r dolls . A double cross , p obably a symbol o be is marked on other late 18 80 ’ k s heads . See s etch . 54 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

Rep roduction dolls now are plainly marked with the date an d the initial ak r r of the m er on the shoulde , but when the dolls ﬁ st were introduced , there

ks . a R were no mar A short time l ter , the letter appeared in red underneath the shoulder .

’ A characteristic of some of the fat- faced china heads of the late l 880 s is

a r f . the inscribed f ctory or serial number, followed by the size numbe o the doll r 121 a 0 890 . The boy and girl he ds with numbe s and , respectively, are examp les 1210 11 8 0 8 m . . N O . 9 , Size , is ten inches in circu ference No , size , twelve inches “ In buying a doll described as very old make a thorough search of the head and body before accepting it as such . Dealers usually want to be fair, but oftentimes they are mi sinformed . Chapter 6

BISQUE DOLLS AND THEIR MARKS

rv f the t r of - f or HE his t o o the bisque doll parallels his o y the china head ,

bisque is merely unglazed china . However , there is more variety in the k kind of bisque used than in the ind of china .

a f or How soon after the use Of the glazed chin dolls , the unglazed china , ’ l d or . O bisque , was manufactured is anybody s guess There are some ones k k r which loo li e Pa ian , but which were made before the discovery Of Parian

one r fﬁ bisque , and unless is an exp ert in the subj ect of ce amics , it is di cult t o tell the diff erence in the various grades .

Flesh - tinted bisque dolls were not in general circulation until close to the k r middle of the nineteenth century . We now that the Ju meau facto y was turn

o t 1844 and a u f r W ing them u in , from th t time , p to the p eriod o the Fi st orld ’ x i l v f W ar 1914 e t ens v e or a . , , bisque was used dolls he ds Most of them were r m r r r imp orted to this country , by far the g eatest nu be f om Ge many , some

a a a r - from Fr nce , which m de be utiful though less nume ous bisque headed dolls , r r a quantity f om Japan , mostly the small , coarse variety , and a few f om Eng

E k u land , not because ngland went in for this ind of man facture , but as stated r m O W r W ar before , they were made in orde to give employ ent to veterans f o ld t r r r I , during hose years when no sup p lies were coming f om Ge many , whe e

r l uf r po celain and bisque dolls cou d be man actured mo e cheaply .

Ou r own country experimented along this line between the years 1914 and F l 1918 . u er The p Comp any of Flemington , N . J is an examp le , and these ’ r r r W have become collector s items , for they are sca ce and becoming sca ce . hile “ ” the are not r i bisque is coarse , the dolls unatt active , esp ecially the ch ld doll “ ” t r a wi h closed mouth Thei b by doll is the next most desirable , and the open “ F l mouthed child last on the list . The u p er dolls easily are identiﬁed by the

r n k f rv o . act o th name insc ibed the bac of the head Since the made only e head ,

the a k - u r w t comp lete doll v ried as to body ma e p ; some we e used ith clo h bodies , others with ki d an d the head with swivel neck was supplied with a composition

body . 5 6 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

i K h 1890 1893 O . w o im From to Ph lipp Goldsmith f Covington , y , had been

- l porting German made doll heads , experimented with bisque , but was not a r togethe successful . ’ ’ - r k a Ou r p resent day sto y boo dolls and Emm C . Clear s collector s “ r s r items are p obably the only bisque doll now made in this country . The sto y ” k of boo dolls might just as well be made composition , for they give that ap

earance over the bi s u e p , the reason being that the p aint is applied q , evidently r a O . sprayed on , so th t the quality f bisque entirely is lost Inte esting costumes ’ make this little doll attractive ; it is hardly a collector s item with the p ossible

h T e s e a re re a t t ra c t e t an t s e w t ( 8 0 ) F u l p e r bi s q u e h e a d w i t h c lo s e d m o n t . ( h mo iv h ho i h “ ” 2 ar c d u e au . 8 1 a t e s t 2 ot h c e n t u r u e a u F re n c . ( 8 ) E op e n mo u t h . ) ( ) L y J m h doll ly hil J m ” ’ rs ran “ 6 0 8 4 n u s u a s n u e a u , u rt e s M . ( 8 3 ) J u m e a u l a dy doll of t h e 1 8 s . ( ) U l mili g J m Co y F k c 8 6 . B ru e a u c rc a 1 8 6 0 T h e a r a n s t r c a S e t . ( ) l i n H i l l D a vi s . ( 8 5 ) J u m i , M yl d Hi o i l o i y M i a s n t n D . . rt e s M rs . E s e J ac h o w s k , , F re n c h doll p a t e n t e d 1 8 6 8 . Co u y l i W hi g o C

5 8 DOLLS —A GUIDE F OR COLLE CTORS

a t — r s t r exception of the luminous v rie y eyes , c e of hai an d trimmings on costume rk r glow in the da , through radium t eatment .

its a E arly bisque is identiﬁed by delic te coloring and the absence of. marks . k of r As stated , there are many inds bisque , f om cheap , coarse sugar bisque through the various grades of whiteware to the more delicate Parian and early

. t ﬁes h r an d r French The lat er is pale colo , ﬁne desi able . By late bisque we a usu lly mean the more highly colored .

’ 9 5 n e r ma n d - o r “ a ” s 1 89 0 - 1 92 0 s ( ) Ni e G oll ho u s e f mily doll , .

r t - Although some claim that the F ench Bol z Massé dolls are the ﬁnest , the

r k the umeau be best ea ly ones that we now most about are J , and those made

y t t 1844 1900 r are . tween and ce tainly lovel Af er hat time , when other ﬁrms

r u meau r r t was not a . A me ged with the J conce n , the p oduc lways as pleasing

m rk ni F ran e i s tinc twentieth century Ju eau ma ed U s , c , has no special claim to d

not rk r r r tion . It is well proportioned , in ma ed cont ast to the ea lie ones , the

th a not a . bisque is ordinary , and e he d , while p retty , is exception l Teeth are BIS QUE DOLLS AND TH E IR MARKS 59

inset , it has average glass eyes ( sleeping ) and is highly colored . The early Ju meau has beautiful stationary blown glass eyes varyin g in Shade from pale

r k m . blue to deepest violet ( also brown ) , and a closed , mo e natural loo ing outh ’ r u meau s s on t the of k f or In the ea ly sixties , J adop ed use the swivel nec

of t o . dolls , and patented the method j oining the head the bust The idea evi r dently came from the wooden lay ﬁgu e of a much earlier period . Until the

u meau r f or the s t a r late seventies , J dolls we e , mo p rt , ladies with slende waists

96 ) 2 ot h c e n t u r r n a rs e e s u e — e a e a - n r n r ( y A mo d M ill bi q h d d b ll joi t e d doll . ( 9 7) A mo d M a “ ” ’ s e e F a e r r h 1 9 2 m u a rs “ ” s e a t e 0 s . 9 8 u ill l pp gi l of ( ) A o d M e ill e c hild , bi q e s w ive l h d , c s t n a n t e s t c n a n d 99 a l i r a ompo i io body , p i d o ki gs s ho e s . ( ) S imo n H b g c low n doll c i c ’ 1 9s o s . 1 00 E ar i e r r an s u e - a e w n 1 ( ) l G e m bi q h e d d c lo doll . ( 0 1 ) G e rm an bi s q u e h e ad w it h “ ” e e a r a n d n s e as 1 0 2 i m q l i n . mod ll d h i i t gl s e y e s . ( ) S n H a b g Chi e s e bi s q u e h e a d “ ” “ ” 1 0 3 G e r a n s u e - e a e 1 1 04 e r an - ru d e r ( ) m bi q h d d b o y of 92 7. ( ) Willoby, G m ma d e G e b e u a c s u e e a w t F re n c a re a n f o r a t n H b h bi q h d i h h bb vi t io p e t . 60 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

1 0 5 - 1 1 1 F a n P a r a n u e a s f r m - 1 ( ) c y i bi s q e h d o 1 875 1 8 8 .

u rt e s rs e r e R . u n t . Co y M . G o g H

and i of ﬂes h— r s beaut ful faces pale colo ed bisque , the bu ts excep tionally broad h i d . of . k and deep Sometimes the arms are bisque Again , they mig t be of or cloth , as are the bodies . r r th m When child dolls became mo e popula , these were made at e Ju eau factory with wooden ball - jointed arms and legs and papier - mache or composi tion body— papier- machein the early years before strong composition (necessary to stand the strain of tightly- pulled elastic used in stringing a doll of thi s kind) had been developed . The early child Jumeau is in much better proportion than most ball

n The joi ted dolls of the period . hands are not j ointed at the wrist , as is the f r o k . case with many, although not all , those of contemporary Ge man ma e Other early French ﬁrms manufacturing dolls were the Messieurs Belton ; Gautier ; Mauger (who took over from Gautier— ﬁnally Jumeau bought him i if i r nd B rou li t . re . . a out ) ; M . e , M Fr . G e , M Voit de Hildburghausen , M Bru ,

B ru , Jeune . BISQUE DOLLS AND THE IR MARKS 61

1 1 2 1 1 a n c P a r a n a r a 1 1 1 4 e r a n a l l - s u e e a w t n s e t ( , 3 ) F y i h e d s c i c 8 7 0 . ( ) G m bi q h d i h i ’ - “ ” a s e s a e a r u n a ﬂ 1 A l l s u c rc a 1 8 7 0 . 1 1 6 P a r a n gl s e y ; gl z d h i i s lik e s p t y . ( 1 5 ) bi q e boy i ( ) i

a w e u s c rc a 1 8 70 . u rt e s T h e t t e u s e u c re s t a s n t n h e d i t h mold d blo e i Co y Li l M m , Hill , W hi g o , “ ” D 1 1 P a r a n c rc a 1 8 6 0 . . C . ( 7) i boy i 62 DOLLS A GUIDE F OR COLLE CTORS

W e ﬁnd any number of Europ ean bisque - headed dolls that are a composite

k - u in their ma e p ; some with French heads have German bodies , others with m r German heads have French bodies . The Ju eau Bebe Comp any was p obably

k r - r ar the only ﬁrm ma ing enti e bisque headed dolls . Certainly the A mond M r f or f seille Company had bisque parts made in Ge many , doll heads o this com

r - k r r a s o . f o pany e mar ed Some we e patented in France , for the French word

’

de os e k on . patent , p , is mar ed the head r a One will ﬁnd a number of F ench he ds resembling bisque , but actually

Pl as t li made of what is known as pyro . Trade names such as La o t e and La f r i l h on o . a e n Pr a yt e are engraved some the heads They highly colored , but O e

“ ” 1 1 9 T h e u e S c a r D . P a rl a n ( 1 1 8 ) P a ri an w it h ro s e s i n h a i r c i rc a 1 8 70 . ( ) Bl f oll “ ” - o - c a e n w t ru s ar s a t t e l e . ( 1 2 1 ) S i n s e t gl a s s e y e s . ( 1 20 ) T i y boy i h b h m k mp ll d “ ” ” a a e n t i n e . “ e i n c r. ( 1 22 ) y m l B o n . P a r a n w t e u M e . e i i h mold d g imp olo L d V l “ ” P a r a n “ ” w t a r a rran e e n t S i i a r s q u e c rc a 1 8 6 5 . 1 23 ) F re e . Bi , i ( ddi i boy i h h i g m m l re e n t F ran n P e rc e . t o t h at w o rn by o u r 1 4 t h p s id . kli i BISQUE DOLLS AND THE IR MARKS 63

1 2 4 A l l - s u e e a c rc a 1 8 8 5 a e r an r i e l ( ) bi q h d i . Gl z d ibbon b d . Co u rt e s y M s . W h c h ow . 5 1 2 P a r a n e a w t s n a n d t a s t l e d t ara c r 1 6 e s rs u n t ( ) i h d i h ood i , i c a 8 0 . Co u rt y M . H . 1 26 F re n c al l - s u e e a r a 1 2 7 t s u e u n a e c i n a ( ) h bi q h d . c i c 1 8 8 0 . ( ) Whi e bi q ( gl z d h ) e a W a r e r 1 28 D e c a t e c r a n d ﬁ n t t u re a l l - s u e h d , Civil p iod . ( ) li ly olo e d e e x d bi q ’ ’ e a t h e 1 86 0 s a n d at e r . 1 2 9 a r a n e a n e s r a 1 0 s h d of l ( ) P i h d w it h i s e t gl as s e y , c i c 8 5 .

m can see the original yellowish shade by lookinginside the head . They are uch k lighter in weight than bisque . One mar ed Petite Francai , France , over an V anchor with the initials J , is much lighter in shade . All of these doll heads 11 mk Pri al the have beautiful blue inset glass eyes . A big one ( size ) ar ed La y , w Paris , has the loveliest blo n glass eyes imaginable , heavenly blue , full of depth and life .

1879 l - - kid In March , ,a beautifu bisque headed doll with a well shaped body was n r k p atented by Bru , Jeu e . The st i ing features of this doll aside from its ,

k -u r - k - ﬁne ma e p , are the a tistic , life li e , well proportioned lower arms , and f . o not hands The face , while interesting and full character , is as pretty as

m au n f u e . o e o f the J It bears a resemblance to German manu acture . 64 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

- r acho s ki The twelve inch doll illust ated , belonging to Mrs . Elsie J w of

k e W . C . r d os e f k ashington , D , is ma ed p and is one O the ﬁrst of its ind . The “ d s : E label paste just underneath the bust read BEBE BREVET S . G . D . G. , a n Tout Contrefacteur sera s isi poursuivi , co formément a La Loi . Inscribed on the back of the head is a symbol Showing a circle withi n a circle with an

- inverted quarter moon above it . Lovely blown glass eyes (brown) are sta

i n r are : t o a y , and tiny molded teeth barely visible The head has the usual large f rk opening (stu fed with co ) of the French nineteenth century bisque doll . The r of k k body is stitched in f ont , as illustrated . Three rows stitches mar the bac l one of . of the body ; row down the center the legs Feet are we l modelled , with

the . stitched toes . The sole of shoe bears the initial B Clothes purchased with the doll are not original .

A thirty - inch Bru doll of the same style in the Clara Fawcett collecti on

rk B ru ne r k is ev idently of a later vintage . It is ma ed , J (junio ) on the bac of

“ ” ’ a r a n c rc a 1 8 6 . 1 3 1 P ari an t h 1 8 5 0 s . t e d e ( 1 3 0 ) P ri n c e s s P i , i 0 ( ) doll of e No

1 2 P a r a n ari s t c ra w t an i n a r n r n e t s . s i rabl e s l e n d e r n e c k . ( 3 ) i o t i h b d h i , lo g i gl

M r ra n . D e a r e a s s . 1 3 3 n e re n c i s u e Co u rt e s y s . F k C obl , C mb idg , M ( ) Fi F h b q - “ ” c r ra c rc a 1 8 8 0 . 1 3 4 S o c a e D a ar. D a a r h e a d e d doll w i t h o on e t b id , i ( ) ll d gm ( gm s t e t w o u s a r a t a c w a s t h e mo t h e r of t h e l a s t c z ar of R u s i a . ) No p ff of h i b k of “ ” a r h a s o n e u n i t a n d i s a s c a e D a a r a n h e ad . A n ot h e r s imil doll l o ll d gm by m y r c oll e c t o s .

66 DoL L s— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

One of the distinguishing ch aracteristics of the earlier French - made bisque rk hi doll is the co w ch ﬁts into the op ening of the head underneath the hair . k In the twentieth century, the German idea, a cardboard dis , was used instead .

Coll ectors are ap t to think that the bisque doll made in France tops any i r a n r th ng Germany eve m de along this line , but such is ot the case . In Ge many r we ﬁnd all grades and styles , f om the ﬁnest delicately tinted bisque to the coarsest , the greatest variety, and by far the most numerous . French bisque does not necessarily mean tha t it was made in France ; it is a term given a

. . . r r r certain ﬁne grade J D Kestner and othe Ge man ﬁrms made F ench bisque .

r r f l It is easy to name the prominent French manufactu e s o bisque dol s ,

i r r e but to l st the numerous Ge man fi ms is quit another matter . It is also dif ficu lt f or of a r to say who made the best , most them made all gr des , f om the finest

. r a to the least desirable However , the writer has neve seen J . D . Kestner or r a Kestne Junior which dropped below a high standard . It was this ﬁrm which

r - ﬁrst made the Ame ican designed Gibson Girl (circa the Kewpie , copy

1 0 - 1 2 9 9 9 . righted in , and the Bye Lo of 0 These were handled in America by B r f l f k rr George o g e t Corporation O New Yor City . The Gibson Girl refe ed t o is the one wi th a head which really looks like the drawing by Charles Dana ﬁr . m r Gibson It ap pears with a labelled Kestner body . The also made othe in t eres ti n n - k hi a r gdolls , i cluding a life li e laug ng baby with painted eyes and h i

k W r not s - see s etches . hether o Kestner made the o called Gibson family dolls is k k a matter for conjecture . The Gibson Girl , in this instance , does not loo li e r w the original Cha les Dana Gibson Girl , but the set is unique . Grandp a , ith hi s k r rim of k m bald head s i ted with a gray loc s , and Grand a with her silver

r - k gray hair b ought up to a braided top not , are most attractive . They are a

- little larger than the average doll house doll . Collectors scarcely know whether to call the Armond Marseille dolls French r t O German . Some , at least were patented in France , but the bisque par s were

not all - k Of r made in Germany and many ( ) bear the ear mar s Ge man design . 323 One of the most recent and interesting Armond Marseille is N O . (see ’ “ ” 2 ﬁr 19 0 s m . sketch . ) During the the introduced a ﬂapper girl with slim waist l - u w t represented a grown p ith beautifully modelled arms and legs , feet slant k i ing downward , not j ointed at wrists and an les , and a lovely oval face w th

t r r r. N O . closed mou h , closing eyes and sho t , natu al hai One of medium size is

401 The body and li mbs are of composition .

tt r a ar w th th e r A li le late , a beautiful child doll p p e ed i A mond Marseille

k of initials engraved on its swivel nec . The body and limbs are also strong hi composition , such as t s twentieth century is able to produce , j ointed only at

f di r -u i shoul ders and hips . The modelling o the legs in cates a g own p with h gh n a a f ul heeled shoes painted on , but the head is deﬁ itely that of child , a be uti ’ r a little thing with a mass of natu al curling h ir , closing eyes and Cupid s bow

- l k ik . mouth . Both the afore named dolls really loo l e French dol s

r r - k - w h In 18 94 A mond Ma seille made a swivel nec ed , bisque headed doll it “ n a . i inset jewel eyes . The modelling , in this case , is typic lly German An BISQUE DOLLS AND THE IR MAR KS 67

“ ” 1 3 9 n e n n e t e a s r t h e a t e ( 1 3 8 ) L a t e s t on e bi s q u e bo n n e t doll . ( ) Ni bo h d f om l e n r 1 410 - 1 4 2 S t n e s u e n n e t e a s a u t 1 9 t h t o t h e e a rly 2 ot h c t u y . ( ) o bi q bo h d of bo r na 1 u rt e s M rs . a rr s n . 1 4 3 a t e 1 9t h c e n t u r n n e t , 8 8 0 . Co y G i o ( ) L y bo doll o igi l of

r b M rs e a r. o n e re p od u c e d y . Cl

— t eres ting size is with the abbreviation for p atent given in French DEP . k k A N ot all the Armond Marseille dolls ran at the top . One mar ed

— Fl oradora is a X M is not especially attractive ; neither are the girls , which

f or the pity, the famous musical comedy which delighted audiences at about turn of the century deserves a better representation in doll form . The bisque k r . head looks like a medioc e German model It has closing eyes , swivel nec and

- h r r n 11 r T e o e . ball jointed body . ve y la ge , No , is a little bette than the smaller

k- k - r r Fl r d r . o a o a, which has cheap stic li e legs and ill propo tioned a ms ’ l r r Simon H a big clown dolls of the 1930 s a e colo ful and attractive . The

e doll has a cymbal in each hand . Thes come together when the clown is pressed 3 mi dl . s in the d e , and a bellows sounds They u ed to sell for about $ apiece ,

r one r . d essed , but would p obably pay twice that much now l k i An early , excep tionally ovely bisque head is mar ed Simply w th the

r 1 hi k i - m 3 . nu be T s , with swivel nec , was used both w th the ball j ointed body ,

n r S ki d and o e with sepa ate bisque houlders mounted on a body . It has sleep ” rk d . ing eyes , a close mouth , and the quality and wo manship are of the best

It is a point to be Observed that the balls for all these ball - j ointed dolls were of r of l of - mah r wood ; the est the imbs might be either pap ier c é o wood . Twen ti eth - century Ju meau dolls with bisque head have wooden arms and legs earli er ,

- m h ac é . W n l iﬁ r n ones, papier hen enamelled , it is ot easy to tel the d e e ce be

a maché nl tween the strong , smooth p p ier and the wood , u ess the p aint peels, which is often the case when enamel is applied over wood . 68 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

ﬁ - . v The initials K R . (with a e pointed star between ) ap p ear on so many n German heads in conju ction with the names of ﬁrms spelled out in full , that

one r . . r wonders whethe K R refers to the designer rathe than a merger ﬁrm .

of H albi s o k m 11 7 A - 5 0 One the Simon g dolls mar ed , and with the nu bers / is w k 5 1 an unusually lovely bisque head ith swivel nec and closed mouth . No . , r k S c@ H 1 249 DE P w r without the sta , mar ed , (sho ing French patent) Ge many

S anta 8 r o (place of manufacture ) , while a good g ade , has inset teeth and is n t as interesting , although it has pierced ears , a good point .

k H andwerck- German - H albi O Dolls mar ed y g, while pretty, are ften a step r below the othe s mentioned . The small shoulder bisque head with Sleeping eyes and op en mouth with the mark K R and the engraved star between the r r f H l i 0 o a b . letters , size , is one of the poo er g ades the Simon g dolls That O r k with the Chinese cast f countenance and yellowish colo ing , swivel nec , is most interesting . The eyes are especially beautiful , the bisque a good quality .

The ﬁrm of Gebru der Heubach with the circular symbol ( see illu stration

n D ll are r under Marks O o s ) is one to note . The dolls full of cha acter and ex

o . pression , made in all sizes and tw s , some more interesting than others ( See

k - - k G I 2 H G s etches . ) The medium sized bisque headed dolls mar ed and 2 H , r H not . G 2 although they are pretty, are as inte esting as others is a brown

I H - G 2 . eyed doll , , blue eyed

The ﬁrm of Heubach Koppelsdorf brought out one of the ﬁnest of the large open -mouth swivel - necked ball- jointed dolls with closing eyes ever pro d d 5 0 I a H e el s dorf 2 8 . t u ce . This is Should not be confused with Heub ch p p ,

250 which is not nearly as ﬁne .

In 1927 an especially attractive boy all -bisque head was produced by the

German ﬁrm which uses a heart as a symbol . This has closing eyes and swivel

- k s . 0 nec , and is u ed with the ball j ointed body Size has a dot over the heart and 2 5 the serial or factory number 096 . The large size ( ) has the number over the B W m 2096 heart , the letters S inside the heart , and the serial nu ber under

a on . neath . Hair is p rted the Side A boy head quite Similar , but in celluloid

v k . was e idently an earlier model , for it is unmar ed

A fairly good open - mouthed Shoulder bisque doll with kid body is marked

r - h 1892 with the symbol of a ho se shoe , underneat which is the date , , and the “ l not size number, followed by the phrase Made in Germany . It shou d be concluded that a doll s o marked is necessarily a German model . We in Amer “ ” k ica have designed and patented here , dolls made in Germany ; li ewise the 1900 r French . Armond Marseille brought out two dated dolls , one , the othe ,

1 4 r - re 89 . These are the same type as the one with the ho se shoe symbol just ferred to . It is only by seeing and handling hundreds of bisque dolls that one can realize the vast diff erences in coloring and quality . Cheap sugar bisque used in quantity by Japan in the manufacture of dolls belongs at the bottom of the n of list . Whiteware , including sto e bisque , of which most the bonnet and hat BISQUE DOLLS AND THE IR MARKS 69

f dolls are made , is often o good quality , and the fancies in stone bisque comp are

o . rs with late Parian , alth ugh the modelling is not as ﬁne Parian , as it was ﬁ t 4 discovered in 18 6, and before it was mixed with too many other ingredients ,

is almost creamy white . It is an excellent material to use when ﬁne detail is k l wanted . Unli e ordinary bisque , the s ip has to be poured , not pressed into the

- b s . a mold, becau e it is full of non plastic material The excess water becomes sorbed by the plaster cast , and when the hardened bisque is removed , clear ,

- of cameo like features remain . A wealth detail can be obtained through the

our i m medi um of Parian , and so we have wonderfully modelled dolls w th plu es,

n ru ﬁled . ﬂowers , ribbo s , snoods , etc

Pet i t e Faemc ms FR A N C E

1 44 a r n n - e a e a w e r c e n t e r i s a ( ) M k s a d a m e s fou n d o n bi s q u e h d e d doll s . M d l ( lo ) s k e t c h of a b ron ze me d a l w hi c h a c c omp a n i e d a l arge B ru Ju n ior doll .

of coiﬁ res are k of Some the plainer u also of Parian bisque , but the wor k a ma ing these is not as great , and the price should be lower than for a f ncy of k r m head . A study the s etches of Pa ian heads will give so ething of an idea f hi m of the variety o hairdos fashioned in this material . They are expensive w 18 0 ’ sies ; some bring as high as $300 . The maj ority were made in the 7 s and ’ 18 80 s r k . Some are cha acteristically French , others German . The doll s etched m with plu es and a comb in her hair , a rose in her bosom , and with inset glass k ff m eyes , is French ; one with hair li e spun ta y and a topknot has a Ger an m K sy bol ( a bell with the letter inside ) inscribed on the shoul ders . Parians kid or kid ha come with either cloth body, bisque or nds . Often a printed label on the body underneath the shoulders tells of the country from which it came . 70 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

’ - l One should not under estimate Japan s outp ut of small bisque dol s . While of O . most them were common and cheap , they ften were well executed A doll ’ ’ ou r O N eill s S cootl es similar to Rose , made of composition in this country, was i r r l i exp orted in b sque fo m f om Japan . The bisque is poor , but the mode l ng Th e . W r good . Jap anese are copyists hen a popular German or Ame ican doll on k appeared the mar et , they promptly imitated it in cheap er form . If con s idered a selling point, the name of the artist who designed the doll is given .

or one Usually just the name Japan Nippon is printed , but Japanese ﬁrm which

m - - r i itated a German bisque headed , ball jointed doll , insc ibed the symbol of his ﬁrm n k o the bac of the head . k A Some Japanese goods are mar ed U S , evidently to fool the American

— U S A t o f public refers to a town in Japan , and not the United States o

America .

s It is too bad that in the pa t, we have bought these cheap Japanese imita o tions . Japanese dolls made to represent their wn people are almost invariably r more interesting . Let us hope that in the futu e there will be less and less de i i mand for anything cheap and shoddy . Ch ldren appreciate beaut ful dolls , and

k of - k we can ma e them inexpensive , non brea able material . l k ls hi Collectors shou d guard the lovely brea able dol of the p ast, among w ch . hi bisque holds a gh place . Chapter 7

DOLLS OF PAPIER MACHE

AND COMPOSITION

DI maché k C COR N G to the Century Dictionary , papier is of two inds “ A substance made of pulped p aper or paper - pulp mixed with glue and f other materials , or of layers o paper glued and pressed together , molded when The moist to form various articles , and becoming hard and strong when dry . early nineteenth century and the Greiner heads described in this chapter are of paper pulp . The idea of making dolls from pulp in E urope goes back to the seventeenth A nd f v . century , as early engra ings show they were manu actured in the same

f . manner as those o the present time , by pressing the mixture into molds This r r early pulp was dough mixed with lime water, and dolls we e made f om it as

16 8 h m . early as 9 . At t e same time , small ﬁgures and their settings were ade from edible gum tragacanth .

Europe was far behind China in the discovery of papier - maché and its ff e ectiveness in the manuf acture of dolls . Some of the Chinese theatre dolls , still extant , are centuries old . ’ 1700 s r r In the , factories in England we e turning out small a ticles , as well r r 1772 as ornaments for architectural deco ation , made of pape pulp , and in , a l pressed paper articles . Prob bly dolls were included , although no specia

k h - m h - mention is made of them . W e now t at papier ac é headed dolls were made

- r on pre dating the French Revolution . At ﬁ st the hair , eyes , etc . , were p ainted ; r or r a a later they were given eithe moving stationa y eyes of gl ss , en melled teeth r W f r set in , and natural hai . e judge the latter was used only o the ﬁne trade ’ 1820 s of r as early as the , for in literature the past , refe ence is made to the ’ “ fact that E ngland s little Princess Victoria was given one of the new dolls “

. not with hair at that period However, it could have been strictly new ’ f or 1800 even for commercial trade , an engraving of shows a child s play doll “ ” with natural hair . Fashion dolls , of course , had long since boasted real hair . 72 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

1800 In , cheap dolls with heads of a poor comp osition called carlton monl e k- k r r E and stic li e wooden a ms and legs we e sold in urope in quantity, and a

r of - mah few years late , dolls and heads p apier c é were imp orted into this coun i n ’ r . Thrdu hou t r m h try large numbe s g the centu y , papier ac é for dolls heads was very popular . The ﬁrst of their kind were mounted on extremely narrow W aisted bodies of ki d or cloth s tu ﬂed with sawdust and long sp indley wooden

1 45 P a e r- ac e a 1 1 46 I n e n s h r ( ) n i m h e h d of 1 8 0 . ( ) xpe iv e doll . of t e Fi s t E mpi re - - e r . 1 4 7 E a r a e r mac h e a 1 4 8 u e - e e ru n a r p iod ( ) l y p pi é h d e d doll s . ( ) Bl y d b e t t e p pi e mac h é a rc 1 r r h i l o e c a 8 3 0 . u t e s M s . W c h e w h d i Co y .

r ‘ n arms and legs . The same body style was also used f o china heads before a d

r r- mahé after the int oduction of pap ie c , and enjoyed high favor until about 184 0 . k d The accompanying s etch shows a group of these dolls . Rea ing from left

one r k k to right , the with the inglets at either side of the head , and a not in bac ’ i r 1820 s w th shorter ringlets hanging f om underneath , came between the late and

’ “ the 40 s ; the lady next to her with ringlets Spilling over her shoulders originated about 1830 ( an oil painting dated 1830 shows an exact likeness of the doll) ; the little one representing a child was born about 1840 ; and the one with

- 2 of i peculiar hairdo was ultra stylish in 183 . A variation th s hair style is shown r hi h l f k f n . W c e ow o in the s etch o a head ow ed by Mrs Geo ge Boston, Mass . ” Darky slave dolls of the same general type are also found . Occasionally one wi ll ﬁnd an all - kid body with a remnant of hair sticking through a hole in

74 D OLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

r W count y . hile it is true that the dolls were made in Amer

ica , styles were cop ied from earlier German models , and the

patent issued was merely for the method of construction . r i Ludwig L . G e ner was himself a German who had learned the ra l a a toy t de in his native nd . He est blished a factory f or the ak of P a. m ing toys in Philadelp hia , , in the early ’ 1840 s and r , ce tainly made dolls before taking out his patent ” f or t r r hei imp ovement . His dolls are highly prized by colle ctors because they were the ﬁrst to be patented in

. a k are ( 1 54 ) U n u s u al G re i _ America L bels in the s etches enlarged to facilitate ‘ e ”

r a . are r ia fge 3 2g e ding They usually placed in the cente between G re r ififi, the shoulder blades unde neath the finish . So many sim il ar dol ls were made in that period that unless the label is

r or r there , it is impossible to say whethe not it is a Greine . One almost exactly

“ ” k n ot r li e an Improved but earlier . and labelled , is in the Cla a Fawcett col

’ k r y . a 1840 s and lection It has cor sc ew curls t pic l of the , may have been one of

’ a not Greiner s e rly products . If , it was the model from which he made the

” “ r ” of 18 58 . r l mproved gi l head The boy head is also an Imp oved .

It has been stated that one way to tell a Greiner is by the patented rein

forcement inside the head . This is not a reliable way to judge , becaus e after the r r- maché patent expi ed , many papie dolls were made with this reinforcement .

r of r . As stated , the only p oof a Greine is the label

The place of origin of a composition doll marked GL 2015 Superior ( or E ” k w a xcellent ) Perfectly Harmless is not no n , but the hairdo is copied from

it ' German model , so that if made in the United States , is certainly German in

r spirit . German immig ants to this country in the ni neteenth century were Often connected with ﬁrms which made dolls ; some were even brought over for that

‘ iﬁf r u r r - purpose . The co u e of the S p e i o is similar to other German designed

f r dolls o the pe iod from the ﬁfties to the seventies .

New doll manufactories came into existence in America durin g the post

f t m l . Civil War period , and some o hese ﬁr s made composition dol s One such

“ ”

K la . was labelled Lerch and gg, Philadelphia Phillip Lerch was a toy

k r 18 18 ma e in business between 66 and 70 .

A few years later 1875 another ﬁrm (before referred to ) making composi , ,

i . l K . tion dol s sprang up in Covington , y , headed by Ph lipp Goldsmith While the material for his doll heads was not conﬁned to composition (there were wax and

of r r rkm porcelain ) and most them we e impo ted , some designed by German wo en

r of w were made at the American facto y . The panic slo ed down the doll

l d r 18 94 s on bus iness , and after Phi ip p Gol smith was d owned in , his abandoned it l x f . it/ . in favor of the manufacture o sports equip ment As such , sti l e ists DOLLS OF PAPIE R MACHE AND COMPOSITION 75

1 r n of ou r - In 877, a new composition , the fore u ner present day manufacture , f k f was invented by Lazarus Reichmann o New Yor City . It consisted o saw dust mi xed with dough and glue and was meant to be us ed under wax becaus e ( so it was claimed ) wax would adh ere to it more satisfactorily than was the

di ar r . n d case with or n y pape pulp Our modern composition has added i gre ients ,

ul 1877 including resin , and is stronger than the p p of , but the basic substance is the same .

Coll ectors are apt to Sp eak of the bisque - headed comp os i ti on- bodi ed j ointed

if on e f l dolls of the late nineteenth century, but examines the body o the do l

rr l n r a - maché refe ed to , it a most i va i bly turns out to be heavy pressed papier

on e k r i so beautifully enamelled that unless loo s unde neath the ﬁn sh , it woul d

- - k u . of not be possible to detect the ma e p However , the hands these ball j ointed

“ ” nn u e re d t o e t n a a e r m a h s n U mb d oll ( p l f ) Ni , p pi c é c ompo i t io . A doll w hi c h

a e a p a rt i n t h e \ V a r. n e e ra t e u s u 5 e pl y d Civil Co f d M e m , R i c hmon d , V a . ( 1 5 ) D

w e e s c ra n c rt ra t 9 3 . 6 r n r Co h hild po i doll , 1 7 ( 1 5 ) S hi l e y T e mpl e doll s a s h a i .

1 5 7 M m e . e a n e r e rn c s t n s a n s a r 1 5 h ( ) Al x d mod ompo i io doll h i . ( 8 ) P e ggy , t e

c c a as n e . e rn n M ll f hio mod l Mod c ompo s i t io . 76 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

are dolls almost always of comp osition , although some are of wood , enamelled of course .

After the Reichmann comp osition was invented, others followed sui t . In 18 87 r , Josep h Schon of Ge many obtained a patent in this country for doll heads f a o . a H ﬂm n manuf ctured infrangible A Russi n , Solomon E . o a was issued a , “ ” patent for comp osition f or and method of making heads and limbs of dolls 1892 r r Doebri ch P in , and th ee years late , George of Philadelphia , a. , obtained

“ ” 1 5 9 - 1 6 2 20 t h c e n t u r e r an c s t n ﬂ rt n e e s ( ) y G m ompo i io i i g y doll .

f r o . t t ha a patent for comp osition hands and feet of dolls Since hen , here s been r r r constant imp ovement in the manufactu e of this mate ial .

of One the ﬁnest English composition doll heads is the Pomona. The body,

of f r r of arms and legs this doll are o cloth . Ge man characte dolls this substance

r as are t f and a a are also inte esting , hose o China J p n , and the Canadian ﬁrm f r o Lines B os . Ltd .

a ak f r America has advanced r pidly in the m ing o du able composition , and f or a it is now the principal material doll manuf cture . It is inexp ensive and

a of r of will st nd a great deal punishment at the unme ciful hands children . Some

r r k - u of the stronger modern rubbe dolls have composition in thei ma e p , and

new k Of k when the plastic again ta es its place in the world dolls , it is li ely that ’ ad f o t t o . i bodies will still be m e comp si ion From the collector s viewpoint , DOLLS OF PAPIER MACHE AND COMPOSITION 77

k is not ideal ; the material fades and crac s with the passage of time . Despite this

fact , there are so many beautiful examples of modern composition that they

are wo rth adding to collections . Among the best are the Dewees Cochran child

r r - po trait dolls . These ( du ably made and well p roportioned ) , are modelled from

l r - ar r . e Ame ican chi dren The ea lier ones , with hand painted eyes , the best

’ r collector s items . They we e discontinued because the cost of hiring artists to

paint the eyes was greater than the expense of inserting glass eyes . These lovely portrait dolls and similar costume ” dolls were on the market in the

r thirties of this twentieth century . Since the p ice was higher ( and rightly

t r not r so ) than for an ordinary doll of the same size , hey we e sold in g eat num

r- r 8 bers . A fai sized doll und essed cost $ ; dressed , the price varied according

kid . t o costume . Outﬁts included little gloves p erfectly tailored In the present

-“Tar — f ar m Post period , the price seems little enough inferior dolls bring ore ’ — 8 . money but in the thirties , $ was considered a big price for a child s doll . As f o . with other interesting dolls , there were plenty imitators The Dewees Coch . ran doll helped bring into vogue beautifully modelled hands and slimmer waists

“ ” f r m r of o the child doll . Her co mercial portrait dolls were the outg owth Miss

’ - - Cochran s made to order portrait dolls . One such was an order from the Irving

Berlin family in 1935 for their two children . She designed four basic head

coilf u red k k in types , painted the face and the doll to loo li e the child it was r m tended to esemble . Dolls made to order were , of course , much ore costly ’ ar than those manufactured commercially , but all of them e good collector s

r W e items , and we have reason to be proud of these trul y Ame ican dolls . hope

Fl ei s chaker ew that soon they will again be easily available . Baum of N

Y k r E ff anb ee r f or or City ( t ade name , ) , who made them , dese ve credit dis

criminating taste . r ak The custom , centu ies old , of m ing dolls from living models has been popularized in modern times by representing stars of the screen , especially T f child stars . The Shirley emple doll o a decade ago was a tremendous seller , r f due more to the popula ity o the child than the doll itself . The doll is far

r was r f less attractive than Shi ley , except for its redeeming featu e , a mass o ’ f r . t o curls Small ones are the bes collector s items , at present the doll is not ﬁ d r a or . important enough to it much space in a g oup Then , too , the smaller

r . ones are often more attractive than the la ge sizes . Most of the Shirley Temple dolls which ﬁnd their way into Thrift Shops are either wigless or with hair so a r d m tted that it has to be disca de , in which case , it is well to have your local ’ Dolls Hospital write to the m anufacturer f or a new wig— the Ideal Novelty

k . Co. and Toy , New Yor City This company also introduced the Deanna r Du ban and Judy Garland dolls , pretty toys , but not as well proportioned as

. of some Another attractive doll was the model Carol Anne Beery , the adopted

r of r child of W allace Bee y . Hosts other celeb ities were also made in doll form

- McC art h r Charlie y and Lew Fields (the o iginals were good , the imitations r k r r k W ar p oor) sto y boo cha acte s li e Snow hite , the Seven Dw fs , Prince Charm r F i . ng , the Blue Fai y and innochio , all in composition 78 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

Another ﬁrm specializing in composition characters from books and from f k the screen is the Mme . Alexander Doll Comp any o New Yor . They have ’ “ O H ar W W ” m introduced Scarlett a of Gone ith The ind fame , the char ing McGuff ey Anna and her baby sister ( the latter two at the centenary of the

1938 McFlims e famous Reader, ) Flora y , Madeleine De Baine , and Sonj a Henie . “ ” ff k s They also O ered Butch , an interesting boy doll ; Pin y and Little Geniu k k baby dolls , and Jeannie Wal er, one of the most attractive wal ing dolls that l rk ever has been p aced on the ma et . The Alexander doll which bends at the k waist as well as at the nec , shoulders and hips, is considered by many a col ’ lector s item . So also the Dionne quintuplet babies , products of the same com pany . ’ The Patsy all - composition dolls which made their ap p earance in the l 92os r r and were sai d to be modelled from an Ame ican child a e holding their own . “ ” A 1941 edition claps its hands and cries when pressed on the chest . It is

- - E lf n a a b ee . called Pat Pat , and is an product

” - “ n 1 1 64 P a rs n s a c s n a , 1 9 1 4 . ( 1 6 3 ) Billik e , 9 0 9 . ( ) o J k o b by DOLLS OF PA PIER MACHE AND COMPOSITION 79

W W ar i me Just before the Second orld , comp osition dolls w th mechanical chanis m began to make their app earance in America . These are referred to in t r the chapter on Dolls of the N i neteenth C en u y . l k Fashion dolls app eal to o d and young ali e , and it is no wonder that the

” - Deb- 22 Li ttle S i s ter 16 Deb U dolls ( U, and , of the Margit Nilsen Studios

- - l are app reciated by those who like good looking and well proportioned dol s .

r of l as ti coid and t r r off ark They we e made , for tha eason , we e the m et during ll r on Ru bber Do s . World W ar II . See chapte

- e 1939 But the Deb U are not the only dolls designed by Miss Nilsen . Sinc fashion dolls of her creation ﬁfteen to thirty inches tall have been seen in th a . en us m ny a store window , modellingthe latest garments for sale Doll i as ts made inquiries as to whether or not the small sizes might be purchased, f “ ” wi and the result is a whole series o such dolls , including Glitter Girl th “ ” r W r complete ward obe , The hite House Ladies and othe outstanding Amer a ican ladies , and dolls showing f shions from early Grecian days to the present ’ t N il n r . ime . Miss s e s English Queens are especially att active

Costume dolls of W orld W ar II have II OI rubber in their content ; they are

f r k - made o stu dy composition . In their wa e have come doll heads of light weight all - composition accomp anied by squares of material with instructions for draping a are r f or round the head . They not as popula as complete ﬁgures , and that reason many of the stores have sold them recently at half- price Within the p ast year or s o an attempt has been made to revive the Bye -L O

a a r . baby doll , using composition for the he d inste d of the o iginal bisque They r are not to be compa ed with the bisque heads made in Germany .

of r k An esp ecially ﬁne comp osition doll about th ee years bac , still on the k r mar et , is the Monica with hai embedded in the scalp after the style of the wax

of 184 ﬁ 9 . are r . Montanari There fteen dolls , va ying in size , costume and price ’ r r 20 Since the ave age sized Monica is ove $ , it is a collector s item rather than a ’

. r r n child s plaything La ge department stores carry them , o o e may write direct to the Monica Studios , Hollywood , California . An advert isement reads “ Craftsmanship and artistic ingenuity combined have created a doll so life k ff li e , so beautiful , so di erent , that every little girl will love to include the ‘ ’ ’ ’ o a It s r M nica Doll in her f mily . eal human hair , and yes , it s grown ” on the head "

r b u t - Novelty dolls of fo eign composition are common , our American de

k of 1909- 10 F or th r signed Billi en tops them all . two years e popula ity of Bil k k i li en new no bounds , but it suddenly ceased , and now he is a rarity . Th s laughing lit tle elf with his composition p ainted hair rising to a point on the of top his head , came in two styles , one representing a child , with cloth body ; “ ” the r the bu t an — othe with same head , animal body Pl us hi e as he was called . Among other interesting dolls made of composition and designed in this t are ’ ’ coun ry the Uneeda Biscuit doll , the Camp bell Kid , and Rose O N eill s l Kewpie and S coot es . While the composition Kewpie made here cannot com

- a r pare with the earlier German m de bisque , it is still an inte esting doll . On the

S cootl es other hand , the composition made by the Cameo Doll Co. of Port 80 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLE CTORS

’ Pa. r a f r Allegany , , is mo e attractive th n Japan s bisque variety, o the bisque , ns of i in this i tance , is poor qual ty r k France , as well as Ge many and other European countries , was ma ing r W W r good composition dolls p ior to orld a II . The latest to come from France was given by the children of Brittany to General Eisenhower in trib ni ute to his part in the liberation of France . One may see it at the Smithso an

Institution , a ﬁne big doll beautiful ly dressed in the elaborate traditional cos f tume o the peasant of Brittany .

A study of the sketches will show some of the German - made composition

fli r in - W e l fli rtin dolls in which the t geye is a principal attraction . a so produce g m eye dolls with composition heads and bodi es . A erica has as great variety and i n w l as interesting dolls of th s sort as are fou d any here e se in the world . Col k hi — lectors should loo to the ones w ch represent those in the Service the WAC , n of own m the WAVE , etc . These are part of the an als our ti es, and as such, ’ l will become more and more valuable as collector s items . A fine do l of any i ls . period i s a treasure , but a fine doll wh ch also tel a story is doubly interesting n We are making history in a big way , and generations yet u born will feel for

r . the dolls of ou time , jus t as we feel about those of the romantic past

82 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

r $300 . But the e are beautiful dolls by ﬁne artist s which take considerably

less time , and consequently , less money .

Beware of anyone making extravagant claims f or hand - made dolls to be sent through the mails without ﬁrs t p roducing p hotographs of the dolls in

a - k r W r question , and without money bac gua antee . A ashington woman ecently “ ” r fell for a magazine advertisement of two dolls costing ten dolla s each , which were supposed to be beautiful beyond descrip tion and made by an artist

r h s . a r r ent u at the top of his p ofession The l dy , a t usting soul , was fi ed with i as m ar - a k 2 ; she immediately mailed a h d e rned chec for $ 0, and awaited eagerly k rr the result . Finally , when the pac age a ived containing , as she confidently r Im believed , two heavenly little figures , she could ha dly wait to un wrap it . a agine her dis pp ointment when she found under the wrappings two ugly dolls ,

r a a t o r r poo ly p inted , g udily dressed be su e , but of the cheap est mate ial and k r a ma e . Tea s were very ne r the surface , for the lady in question could ill

f r - k a fo d the loss . The ﬁgures were candidates for a waste bas et .

r k f or k a of her An a tist well nown the quality and wor m nship dolls , which r r r r r k r a e M s . f 3 6 t . also easonably p iced . is Mu iel At ins B uyere o Barrow S , rk k r t a f h r . a o e New Yo City She ma es no ext av gant claims , but p ho ogr p hs cre r r 2 ati ons k f or . a a f r 5 spea themselves One may have ﬁne po t it doll o $ and up , r r to . acco ding size and mate ials used , and the amount of time spent up on it A ” - k r r . few in stoc a e less costly . Nine inch cha ming little Vie modelled by Mrs

r r r 18 60 rr of r- - old r be B uye e f om an dague eotype fou year Viola Ve non , (who r i im r 1 McK m K o t 0 . came the mother of M s . of p ) sells for $

r r r O r are Dolls by Gert ude Flo ian , a sculpto f Det oit , Michigan , among the

- f k of . best o the hand mades . Those s etched here (through the courtesy Mrs r W . Of . William Knobloch ashington , D C ) rep resent some of the cha acters she

W the r r r . v has translated into doll fo m hile seem high in p ice , the labo alone 5 0 6s t 0 . is worth the , $

r- r ra r of a C at , Miss G ce Stanley Mille Long Be ch , alifornia , a w e colo artist has disp layed some of her work with dolls at the Los Angeles Mus eum. They k nd k r are represent characters from boo s a foreign fol child en , and especially attractive to the younger generation .

h nd t r f th t Du rnbau a . On the o he side o e con inent , Evelyn g Mrs Kathryn r Rodge rs have c reated beautiful creche ﬁgu es with composition heads , hands

r a a r- maché n rs . a d feet ; M . D . L Boye , ch rming heads of p pie ; and Claire Fawcett has whittled so many j ointed wooden dolls that it would take a whole

r all are r room to display them t o advantage . These fou persons f om the

W a. ashington , D . C . are f n r has r t o r th a t . o Ac oss e Atl ntic , Viole M Powell Dubli , I eland , b ought ‘ t a r t life through her dolls a fascinating acquain nce with the I ish p easant , wi h k r r Mrs . r special reference to dwellers on the Island of A an . Elsie Cla K ug of

im r ar s ar t r r . K o t Baltimo e , Md ; p , and , on occasion , v iou dep tment stores h ough

r - r out the country , have displayed these , togethe with other hand made dolls f om

of r r ou r own t . all p arts the wo ld , including those f om United S ates HAND - MADE DOLLS 83

’ r arr one of Kim ort s r has M s . Aileen H is , p best a tists , made portrait dolls “ ” r r h r W i a . e a of Lou s M Alcott , the famous cha acte s in cl ssic Little omen ,

0 — r s Meg , J , Beth and Amy , Flo ence Nightingale , Betsy Ros , Elizabeth Brown ’ are ing and others . All the dolls good collector s items , and reasonably priced . ” - t 10 W Eight inch Be sy Ross , including ﬂag and chair , is $ ; Little omen in eight - and - a- half and nine - and - a- half - inch sizes are each ; Florence Night r 10 ingale and Elizabeth B owning , both ten inches tall , and $ , respectively .

Kim ort r of r k mmor Another p a tist me it is Erma Fis e Austin , who has i

li z d r a r th r ta e , in doll form , Cha lie Ch p lin and Marie D essler , e latte as Tug

15 . Boat Annie . These dolls are $ each f At the same establishment , individual dolls o distinction from Persia and 5 are 1 . Syria $ An artist creates the ﬁgure and native girls do the costuming .

“ ” - 1 6 5 i n r a n a n a e u ri e t n s ru e re . 1 6 6 ( ) Ali c e n Wo d e l d . H d m d doll by M l A ki B y ( ,

1 67 S e r c u t u re b e rt ru e F ri a n D e t r t c . u r ) k e t c h s f om doll s s lp d y G d lo , oi , Mi h Co - - m h rs t e r n 1 a n a e e a a e r ac é M . s y M s . Wm . K oblo c h . ( 6 8 ) H d m d doll h d of p pi by - D . e r T a a P a r . 1 6 9 a n c a r e w e n a re H al L . Boy , kom k , Md ( ) H d v d ood doll by Cl i ’ “ ” a r F a w c e t t a s n t n D . . 1 70 t t e en an e e n l d , W hi g o . C ( ) Jo of Li l Wom , Ail arr H i s doll . 84 DOLLS— A GUID E F OR COLLECTORS

m F ar W ar r Other dolls fro the East , imported before the , may be obtained f o

i — less than Amer can made ones of the same quality, due to cheaper labor condi tions abroad . The lifelike Old peasant dolls by Bernard Ravca are so well known that

. r a description is hardly necessary The maj ority are done in cloth , but his b ead

mb k k are cru dolls , which loo li e wax , more ﬁnely modelled . Mr . Ravca reports . it is unlikely that any more Of the latter will be made in the near future as he ,

n k f r can ot get the right ind o bread in Ame ica . Peasant dolls are not the only k f s . now o ohn one that Mr Ravca creates . The s etches Pocahontas and J Smith

of k were made from Ravca dolls in the collection Mrs . Knobloc .

Colorful hand - made Katchina Ceremonial dolls by our North American

nd r on I ians tell a story of Indian customs . The larger doll pictu ed shows , the

f or an d r r a a head , the Indian symbol clouds ain , and was p ob bly me nt to n a propitiate the rain god ; the little o e is a Hopi go t doll . The superstition a k k d surrounding these dolls has largely faded , but the Indi n is quic to ta e a

a of man vant ge the interest in them shown by the white , and the sale is fairly a l rge .

Pomono - m E hand made dolls fro London , ngland , are intriguing to both

- - T s . child and adult . ho e shown here are hand made and hand colored A few made their way to this country ﬁfteen or twenty years ago and sold f or $10

a . apiece , about twice the price they brought in their n tive country

’ Dolls made by workmen in the American potteries from the 1700 s through

r i n the nineteenth centu y are crude but interesting . Most of them have the i i l k r r t a s of the ma er and the date inscribed unde neath the shoulde . Pictured is r 184 a family of red pottery heads made in the Pennsylvania potte ies in 0 .

- im ort Those interested in hand made dolls should get in touch with K p . W w hile foreign d olls are limited at present to d indling supplies on hand , good hand - made dolls from sections of ou r own coun try ﬁnd their way to Indep end i n M Kim . ence , Mo . , and to the c establishment Twelve issues of a sp icy and

“ ” structive leaflet called Doll Talk are sent f or 50 cents . This is well illustrated .

“ ” a Kim ort Periodic lly , a p Show is staged (in normal times ) in leading depart

r ment sto es through the States . “ f ad f r a n Hundreds o dolls , some good , some b , some indi fe ent , h ve bee r made to help in the W ar eff ort and for charitable pu poses . This idea goes back into past history and other wars . The number of Civil War beneﬁt dolls r r of r t still extant is su prising . Those best remembered f om the period the Fi s l W r on l . A World a are mentioned, and illustrated , in the chapter C oth Dolls t t he hough colorful , dolls themselves are crude , but precious in their associations and should be welcome additions to any collection .

- k f or r The organization of a nation wide club t o ma e dolls beneﬁt pu p oses , t r r t not sup ervised by the bes doll po t ait artists available , would be interes ing d r k r . only to members , but the public at la ge Help can be gleane f om such boo s “ “ ’ k f r r as Edith Fl ack Ackley s Dolls to Ma e o Fun and Proﬁt , and Ma ion

86 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

a - r t the way be Use long , sm ll eyed sc ew eyes , and do not screw hem in all ,

a t o as r f or f h c use you will want leave much oom as p ossible the head o t e doll .

If one has difficulty in finding the p owdered p ap ier - maché in local craft a a r a t r r r supply shop s , good qu lity of finely powde ed sbes os f om the ha dwa e

do r r r n d - ach a a . r r m é store will , p ovided it is f ee f om lint h ir Powde ed p ap ie

a r- may be secured in qu ntity from The Pap ie MacheNovelties C O . Reading Mich . , , r a r th In the use of muslin ove cotton b tting , be su e e muslin is long enough

k r a t r r re to come down over the nec , and tie it secu ely with c rp e th ead . A ms a ’ made of dressmaker s wire or p ip e cleaners looped in and around the screw h l h . t e t e a a f ad eye Turn up ends just a ittle for h nds , and wind thin strip o h W r es iv e tape over the wire . hite C oss adhesive tap e is better f or this p urpose t a k a r- han Red Cross , bec use it will ta e paint ; the latter is; w te resistant . ’ Dev oe s k r is a good American oil paint . Ma e ﬂesh colo by mixing a tiny sp eck of red and a still smaller amount of yellow with a tablesp oonful of white a t k r r r paint . P in chee s befo e the basic ﬂesh colo d ies to facilitate blending , a r dr r k but the p int must be pe fectly y befo e outlining features . India in is

f or t r sp lendid his pu pose . Your doll can - b e made to stand alone if you will ﬁll the p oints of the clothespin with the p lastic and shap e it to resemble feet ; or dress with a full

k rt r To ak r f S i long enough so that the ﬁgu e will stand alone . m e you dolls o

a t r k s of r r or r t r r sp eci l in e est , loo up costume ea ly Ame ica othe coun ies and d ess a in uthentic style .

one r art ar r and r As becomes more p oﬁcient in the of modelling , l ge mo e i an k ﬁn shed dolls may be att emp t ed . A head with elongated nec may be p ushed down into a sawdust - stuffed body until it attains the p roper length above the

r ar a and are a the r r u shoulde s . C ved wooden rms legs suit ble for la ge doll , b t ’ commercial doll limbs may be purchased at almost any large dolls hosp it al or supp ly comp any .

r k not ak rt r ar t u t t A cou se in doll ma ing may m e a ﬁnished po ait tis , b i

r t a of t rt r f or and will give an unde s nding the ime and effo requi ed such things , will enable one to arrive at a better understanding of the worth of a hand - made

r of doll ; and it may result in the discove y hidden talent . Chapter 9

THE CHRISTMAS CRIB

’ collector s Opportunity to acqui re really Old dolls is represented in the C or e ﬁ w es hristmas crib cr che gure , for so many thousands ere made ,

i all r was p ec y du ing the eighteenth century , when the figure at its height , that er a number still remain . Since they w e shown only at the time of the Christ r mas festival , and often hundreds of figu es used in a single set to tell the r r f r a sto y of the bi th o Ch ist , m ny beautiful examples have come down to us r r r r . a a e well p eserved th ough the years Two illust tions given here , one of a 1 25 r r . a a 9 modern , anothe of an old figure The M donn , as recent as , neve theless

two r gives an idea of how the old ones were made . At least centu ies have rolled r over the head of the peasant boy . Notice the characte istic hands .

h r r Clothing helps t o identify t ese ﬁgu es . Mode n ones usually have machine

l d r - a r O a e . ma stitched g rments , whe eas the ones completely hand made The t eri al of which the doll is made also differs ; the antiques are mainly of te rra

x f : or wa o a or . cott a , wood , the later ones cl y composition One sometimes may W tell the exact age of a creche ﬁgure by examining the lining of the gown . hen

rs a a f r newspape became available to all , this was favorite materi l o lining the cloth , and often the date is given .

W r f r e are indebted to Pope Libe ius o introducing the Christmas c rib . r 354 r r r Established in the yea , the custom ﬁnally sp ead f om Italy to othe r r European countries . It is p obable that at ﬁ st only the p rincip al characters r r n n a d a . r we e used , Ma y and Joseph the inf t Jesus Late , the animals of the

t r t he r t r men s all we e added , then the angels , shep he ds with hei sheep , the wise , k r r e . r the th ee o iental ings in their rich raim nt , etc The idea g ew so p op ular as ' of a Of a i r time advanced that models the inhabit nts whole vill ges w th thei horses , r a r cattle and sheep , we e dded to the crib as epresenting the people going t o the

r r r t of r of ou r r fai supposed to be in p og ess at the ime the bi th Lo d . They re a a r r of “ of m in now as valuable eco d the life the times .

a of y w r t F mily chap els the wealth ere ichly endowed with hese crib ﬁgures . t of r m The best ar ists the age we e e p loyed , and special emp hasis was given to r nd e a . r cha acter exp ression As stat d above , hands were made la ge in p rop or t ion to the ﬁgure (the same is truein paintings of the period ) and that is on e 8 8 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLE CTORS

of means identiﬁcation . Early painters and sculp tors realized the imp ort ance of r the hand as an indication of characte .

k r was The wor of the Ch istmas crib not conﬁned to the artist alone . The peasant in his ﬁeld and the king up on his throne took equal pleasure in cre m of ating p ersonally these sy bols religious thought and feeling . The crib one seldom was comp leted in season , but was added to year by year .

k one There was een competition , rich and poor vied with another . When the Nativity group which the King of Nap les made at his own work- bench about

- rec e u re s . 1 76 a n n a t a a n 1 92 5 . T e rra c t t a a an a n e C h ﬁg ( ) M do , I li , o h e d , h d s d f e t . - 1 77 1 8 t h c e n t u r a e b o t e rra c t t a e a an a n d s n s e as e s . ( ) y vill g y , o h d , h d s l e g , i t gl s . e y 1 rn c r r e a e s n r ( 78 ) Mod e ec h e ﬁgu e . H d d ig e d by E v e lyn D u n b au gh ; doll c ompl e t e d K at r n R e rs by h y odg .

r 1760 r r the yea , was placed on exhibition , the c owds coming to see it we e so f great that it necessitated a double guard . The figures , five hundred o them , of r r a magnificent Sp ectacle , were wood and wax , clothed in mate ials cut f om ’ r r r r own . e a a f the Queen s wa d obe There wer also two hund ed nim ls . Figu es o r f r r peasants of the p eceding century were used as models o the shephe ds . It ’ r r r wh was the a tist s custom to pose eal pe sons , and p erhap s that is v these

- k dolls are so life li e . An added touch of realism was given when automata was introduced int o r the German Christmas crib . Animated ﬁgu es presented a fascinating story k r of the Nativity . The Church was quic to use the opp ortunity it affo ded to

Chapter 10

THE CLOTH DOLL

— h r h ROM Rags to Riches such is t e st o y of t e evolution of the rag doll . The sketch of the crude Roman rag doll ( from the Royal Ont ario Mus eu m t r r of ao ) found in Egyp rep esents centu ies existence ; that of Eugenie ,

a a ar a o a k ul r comp nying it , was made only few ye s g by s illf artist , Do othy r a . f r rs k . y f W t M . Heize of Essex F lls , N J o the la e Fran B No es o ashington , t r r r r . . no D C The doll is only pe fectly p opo tioned f om head to toe , but the

r a the m r r c r m mate i ls of costu e rep esent the g eatest a e in selection , and the ost

the t — a f ar cr r minute attention to iniest detail , y f om the doll played with by

the a little Roman child more than Sixteen hundred years ago. Even j ewels are

a - are scaled to Size , and the stitches in the h nd made clothes so tiny that it is almost impossible to see t hem . a r r t a r t f or a o It may not be f i to p esen such cont as , in the long g dolls made f or royal families bv artists of the time were little marvels of workman

r n ot a ra f or ra . ship , but they we e m de of g, except the ave ge child

r t n the a of The rag doll has always been a favo i e , ever si ce e rliest history “ ” th k of old r ra and a e t oy doll . Note s etches an F ench g doll , Queen Anne

r r s r t r ( about 1700 ) with embroidered featu es and d e s of b ocade . Clo h dolls we e beginning to come up in the wo rld . ra a a r Early g dolls were m de by h nd , and it was not until the latte half

t or a r t of the nineteen h century , fte the sewing machine was inven ed , that they

n i v a y di rec were manufactured in qu a t t . England was doing be utifull in this

as a as 1850 and r t f or art ar of tion e rly , eve since has been no ed this p icul typ e doll . ’ Four collect or s items ( of secondary import ance f or the most p art ) of

18 68 Is nn h W k r American manufacture are the Hawkins doll of ; the a a F . al e

k t a 18 73 the um a r k 1893 stoc ine , p tented in ; Col bi n ( same gene al ind , r and the Chase Stockinet of about the same p e iod as the Columbian , and so

r re ff r r h v r . a similar that t e a e often confused The e di e ences , howeve , not only i a r t r t r a n faci l exp ession , but in cons uc ion , judging f om the ex mp les in the a k . of Claire Fawcett collection . ( See S etches ) The body the Columbi n is

r at - l k t ar k covered with a tan colo ed s een i e clo h , squ e at the nec and termi TH E CLOTH DOLL 91

r hi a of nating just p ast the shoulde and p j oints , where s the body the Chase of ff are doll is all stockinet , Other points di erence that the Columbian has

not . elbow and knee j oints , where the Chase is so j ointed The latter also k r a r r r has a slightly longer nec . Both have aised fe tu es einfo ced from under n all r s r are eath ; (in fact , fou doll have this characte istic ) both painted in oils ;

r - k r one e both have inte esting shell li e ea s , except in or two varieties of the Chas ,

r y r r. where the ears are covered , o p artl cove ed , by modeled hai The features

a R a n ra 3 rd c e n t u r A . D . R a ( 1 79 ) F rom ra gs t o ri c h e s . . om g doll . y oy l n t a r u s e u e rn c t D r t e e r E s s e F a s O io M m . b . Mod lo h doll by o o hy H iz of x ll ,

u rt e s t h e a t e M r. ra n . e s a s n n D . . N . J . Co y l F k B Noy , W hi gt o . C

of r r a the Chase doll a e mo e deﬁnitely modelled . Columbi n dolls as well as k the Chase Stoc inet still may be found occasionally; in antique shops . The lat f or a t ter are now being made demonstr tion use in hosp i als . C ( a 1891 1900 Early olumbian dolls , those m de between and ) painted by r f r r a . a r o t a e r . their originato , Miss Emm E Ad ms , an a tist me i , wo th collecting

r r s a 19 r Those painted by othe p e son fter her death in 00 a e not as well done .

1893 of t r a The year saw the beginning heir popula ity . Ex mp les exhibited at the 92 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

' ’ Chicago World s Fair received a diploma of merit from the Columbian Expos iti on ] r a f o . Commission They we e m de muslin , sized and hand painted C os ’ tu mes r r r we e by Miss Emma s sister Ma ietta . Mothe and Father Adams helped r r with the business until thei death at the beginning of the twentieth centu y . Boy and girl dolls and negroes were represented as in the caSe Of the Chase “ - . bu t doll They were not patented , rubber stamp ed Columbian Doll, Emma E . “ a 1 . . 900 Ad ms , Oswego Centre , N Y until ; after that period , The Columbian r l Doll Manufactu ed by Marietta Adams Ruttan , Oswego , N . Y . If the do l s r r has been u ed a g eat deal , this lette ing in nine cases out of ten , has been 11 ou t . D0 s n s r m rubbed In the Mu eum at We ham , Mas , there is an ea ly Colu n bian doll which has traveled arou d the world .

“ ” In the gay nineties and on into the twentieth century all sorts of rag ‘ dolls were produced . Many persons will remember those put on the market “ r by various manufactu ers of food and clothing , such as the Aunt Jemima ” ” “ ” k rk r W Panca e Flour da y dolls ; the C eam of heat Rastus , Buster Brown , “ ” Puﬁ k ff d k and y ( Qua er Pu e Rice . ) Dolls of this ind are seldom worth col n rk r leeting , but the Brow ies (made by the Arnold Print Wo s of No th Adams , “ 2 s 189 r . Mas , to advertise Dry patented in January, , are inte esting They we re designed by Palmer Cox and included various nationalities— the “ l r hn German , the High ande , the Canadian , Jo Bull and a Sailor . Other ” us r Ho ehold Pets by the same company, released du ing the following October , “ ” “ ” “ ” “ s - k included , beside animals , Pitti Sing, Our Soldier Boys, Topsy , Pic ” “ ” anny, Little Red Riding Hood , and a jointed cloth doll . So many rag dolls were made durin g the late ni neteenth century and in k recent times that it would; be inf easible to list them all . Dolls s etched are rep res ent ti v Am k a e examples . The late erican dolls s etched belong to a series rep n ff resenti g di erent nationalities .

Among the earlier less commonly found American rag dolls are the Martha W l k of 1883 w ni L . el ington stoc inet doll ( this has a ire frame outli ng the head , ” k 8 ilms en k 18 6 . W nec and features) the E . S . Pec Santa, patented in the B ” ra i e 1895 r r of dressed gg , patented in , and the ca icatu e Teddy Roose 1 19 7. velt ,

Modern rag dolls are more interesting . Raggedy Ann and Raggedy Andy m N have delighted children since 1919 . They are ade by the Georgene ovelty k Gru ell e his C o. , of New Yor City ; their inspiration , the late Johnny and famous books for children . ’ ’ Another attractive American rag doll is Rose O N eill s Kewpie of stockinet .

i . However, collectors would rather have this in b sque form Hand made rag dolls for children by E dith Flack Ackley are so intriguing ’ k - that they have become collector s items . A daughter , Telea , ma es water color ’ portrait sketches to accompany her mother s dolls . N O discussion of cloth dolls woul d be complete without special mention of l own the Kathe Kruse creations . Her do ls , modelled from her children , were 1912 r ﬁrst noticed at an exhibition in Berlin in , and att acted immediate atten

94 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLE C TORS

p r but a r are a a ra r essed cloth , the l tte m de tt ctively with elabo ate clothing . They , r r 8 1 21 we e patented in Tu in . Italy , Sept . , 9 .

k f or Lenci is not the only name to loo in ﬁne Italian dolls . There are many r t as r . k t t k r othe s jus desi able The doll s e ched wi h thic , curly natu al hair

rk B ambola R e i na— FI RE N ZE — made i n I tal r ar r ma ed g y on the unde we , d essed r t u r in felt with a p e ty little m slin ap on , is made better than the late cloth

n ot Lenci , although the clothes may be as ﬂamboyant .

The cloth dolls of France and England reached a high stage of perfection at the O F r W W ar a r r beginning f the i st orld , when the llies we e cut off f om their h sup p lies from Germany . England as her Royal Family and others inthe lime r p r r O ra or as a light e esented in the wo ld f g felt dolls , as well f scinating child r dolls , sailors , soldie s , etc .

’ r W are k f or No ah ellings English cloth dolls among the best nown , they tr and t r t n have come to this coun y in quantity , have been sold to ou is s o ship a t . a r . C o. a r a bo rd The clo h b by sold th ough I Magnin , C lifo nia and Se ttle (see k t ra s e ch) is most desi ble .

’ a k o r The faces of De n s Rag Boo C O . (L ndon ) dolls a e worthy of sp ecial

- . are t a note The eyes eviden ly hand p inted ; the body , a ﬂoppy little cloth af ’ a r k ta f or r f i , ma es the doll esp ecially sui ble the young child . No a Wellings l r r a t f a h k ’ so die and sailo lads have the s me yp e o body . L bels give t e ma er s a n me .

- r t ni celv r and t a A medium p iced fel doll , d essed , wi h gl ss eyes set into the

t a r the a fel , is m nufactu ed by Ch d Valley Company .

are r all th a r t a Pomona (London ) dolls the most a tistic of , but e m j o i y h ve

ou t of - modelled heads , which puts them the class of the all cloth doll . “ a k th ” k Of the two Russi n dolls s etched, e child with the bas et is by far ’ the r most inte esting . Many of Russia s tiny dolls were sold through ou r

- and - - 15 t W r Five Ten Cent Stores for cen s each , before World a II .

ar a o a 9- t r r A few ye s g Greece made be utiful inch fel dolls , dist ibuted th ough the r n k Nea E ast Relief Fund . The o e s etched is worthy a place in any

- . ar collection The hand painted face was done by an tist .

f ar r ra the r France has gone in this ﬁeld . Quoting f om ext cts of a ticle by ,

Gaz ette des beau x A rts r 1916 a a v Jeanne Doin in the , Decembe , , tr nsl ted b Esther Singleton “ - r m TO day the F ench doll is triu phant . Let us salute it with j oy .

the r The situation before war can be summarized very b iefly . The Ger

r was of 1 a man doll reigned eve ywhere . This the result a methodic l and patient

a - as contest . The Germans acted reg rding the doll industry they acted in so r Off a t at a r r of many matte s , ering r icles reduced p ice , p oducing with rapidity n r execution and with easy p ayments a d exemption of duties . In Pa is the exam

r the p les in the shop s continued to multiply ; and , mo eover , incessant activity f of the Germans always responded to the needs o the moment . “ r r r r - In a few yea s Ge many had comp letely uined ou doll indus try . Sev

r B r B ru Pintel — a u r e al houses ( abe y , , and Eden Bébé ) g ve p the st uggle and TH E CLOTH DOLL 95

t 1900 a m a manu f ac abou became bsorbed in the Bébé Ju e u , the one house that r r turod enti e dolls . All the othe houses had bought porcelain heads and glass

r r 1900 chiff ni e eyes f om Ge many . After Fleischmann Bloedel , Gutmann S ,

f a . and Margarete Steif continued , and with great energy , their p ciﬁc conquest of of At Sonneberg , the great center for the manufacture dolls , a number houses concerned themselves especially with exports to France under the protection of

( 1 8 7) K a t e K ru s e 1 9 1 2 e r a n . . G . ( 1 8 8 ) ar a re t S t e i ﬁ?f e t c w n 1 8 h doll m M g l lo doll 90 . , ( 1 8 9 I t a a n e n c ) , 1 9 2 1 . ( 1 9 0 a R e n a a n I a li L i doll ) B mbolo gi , t li a n f e l t doll of t h e ’ “ ” 1 93 0 s . 1 ( 9 1 ) E n s ra g a w t a n t e a r a rt s t ra n gli h b by i h p i d h i : i , No h W e lli gs . e rn . 1 9 2 c a ( ) ra e n s . 1 9 3 T w o E n s Mod Typi l No h W lli g doll ( ) gli h c lot h doll s . 96 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLE CTORS

a the r r r the Imperi l Government and Chambe of Commerce . Nu embe g , Eisfeld,

r Il emenau s t IValt erhaus n Geo genthal , , Neu tad and e also sent dolls across the frontiers by the thousands . “

The factories beyond the Rhine p roduced very ﬁnished dolls . Thanks to

a r of r their perfected m terial , the regula ity the manuf actu e was such that no t r o her count y could show any equivalents . At the beginning of the war the

situation had become critical . “ r 1 14 r Creators now a ose . In August , 9 , Mme . la Ba onne de Laumont made ’ s s o i ti o her ﬁrst doll . In the following month l A e a n des Peti ts F abri cants en gaged certain master porcelain - makers to un dertake as quickly as possible the r manufactu e of biscuit heads . Six months later the Maison Damerv al et Lif

- r- franchy formed its collection . Limoges and Boulogne s u Mer followed the

n ateli er - l examp le . Soo in a Polish the rag dol appeared . “ Thus out of individual and collective eﬁ orts came the movement of which n we are ow speaking . “ r - was r k 1914 k The ﬁ st rag doll created by Mme . Laza s i in December, . Li e the k hi others made by Mme . Lazars i the year before in her native country t s

a r k doll wore Polish costume . Mme . Laza s i visualized a rational simpliﬁcation

k of k in feature and form , parta ing that childish intelligence which is struc

f ll t li r l Fi z o a . a e first by the elemental aspect of things In the same e Ml e . s erowna showed her originality in applying to the face of her first creation some k l ' rings of pin or blue stuff to give co ou r t o the che eks and clarity to the eye . ‘ “ To fix the date of their history it Should be noted that these Polish dolls

at la Vi e F emi ni ne 1915 were exhibited for the ﬁrst time in May , , when they were neighbors with the dolls of Mme . de Laumont . “ k z r f a a . Fi s erowna o The dolls of Mme . L z rs i and Mlle we e the vanguard

- a a r a multitude of rag dolls , brilli ntly coloured medley by othe hands , which were made known in the recent expositions of Decorative Art . It was after the on a M m n a - 1 16 - ro a e org nized by M . et a ( M y Jun e , 9 ) that the rag doll was p p

W i n k h r ou t gated . hile some wor shop s t e Polish doll pe sisted , in others it died

r and dolls of true French character began to appea . It owed nothing to the

r at eli er own r current exotic dolls . In fact eve y expressed its pa ticular style

r ﬁ the and details va ied in nitely . The body , the hair and method of assembling

h f r e t e p arts led t o notable di fe ences . Imitations were rare ; original mod ls were

r r a many . The fo m of the hands and feet were simila in a gener l sense ; but in some cases they were elongated and in other cases they were Contracted . As ‘ ’ k f r r k of r : f u r . o the hai , we saw all inds mate ial tow , cotton , wool , and sil

Sometimes this hair was sewn on , sometimes it was quilted and sometimes it was

embroidered . “ k i Certain types were a la mode . The yellow and blac races , wh ch were 14 on t a r. c eas ily represented without con emp t , enj oyed particul r favou At

’ f r 1 rancs r 10 rancs cou rs L ep i ne you could buy a Japanese o 6 f and a Neg o for f ,

D ff on ds r on e r . a which was not dear . Pe haps would p refe to the dolls by Mme

98 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

e r In the Th atre Italien of M . B icon there is a Polichinelle ; and it is a

a t o s ee r a s o m r s p le sure a Punch , whose ancesto s h ve been nu e ou and so humble , r rk atti ed in sup erb and spa ling clothes . Also I admire the ease with which the

f Dhomont a k w o . f clo ns Mme f ll into all inds o attitudes . “ ra - m s a the r r Among the gdolls we u t lso note B etonnes of L a F anci a. The f t r a o . are t ar n na ural and a tless f ces Mlle Lloyd ex remely sweet . P mentier a d

R zm nn r r his sister by Mlle . o a a e s o eal that they awaken the sentiment of p ro tecti on t a a ra t which li tle children lw ys d w for h . “ The wooden doll is related to the rag- doll because its body is s o often k hi k r ff . a e ar r stu ed with ﬂoc Among t s ind the Gilles and M ion of M . Geo ges

i A l ex ndr i z e . a ow c a t r of Lep pe ; but the M mi by Mme is m de en i ely wood .

“ ’ L a nt l r Mme . de umo s peasant dol s rep esent France and h er dolls dressed

r d t m r v l l F a an a e a u ab e. or t ar in histo ic l modern cos u es twen y ye s Mlle . Koenig _ k l of k r t f r i has been ma ing dol s this ind , but they we e des ined o museums . M ne .

’ L au mont s on r a r de dolls, the othe hand , have c rried into many count ies ou r na ti onal r costumes , which tend more and mo e to disappear . “ rr t f . m o O Mme Pie e Gouj on renovates the cos u es old dolls , rep lacing the ld

k a t r . N o l rd . u ff a . sil s and s tins wi h simp ler mate ials Mme Berthe , Mlles Lloyd ’ ’ and Duvall of L A d elp hi e are also engaged in the transformation of dolls

r r of L a F ranci a are r r n wa d obes . The dolls ve y cha ming o account of their ele r gance and gene al aloofness .

of 1915 at edrek t r an d The Polish dolls , origin ed by J , a sculp o , Michele , an art t a t the a r k a is who p in ed f ces , were sp onsored by Madame Pade ews i . A gre t many came t o New York to be sold through the National American Committ ee ’ of the and not n a t o Polish Victims Relief Fund , it is u usu l ﬁnd some of these r r t . t O r dolls in an ique shop s They ep esen ed every section f Poland , child en and “ ” n n k W a of a r a t r and et c . J a a d C dul s , b ide groom , Hans a, the ifs r cow, we e “ h r t e t a . a a a one : mos p op ul A med l accomp nying each doll re ds , on side Health and a k r ak art h p p iness to you , ind doll love who by t ing into your he and home one of my litt le doll waifs of Poland have fed a starvingmother or child in that ' r k r . re saddest land . (signed ) Helena Pade ews i Cop y ight On the verse side Of the medal is engraved the symbol of a sp read eagle with the words “ ” Polish Victims Relief Fund .

Foreign cloth dolls in n ative costumes made especially f or collectors and ’ distributed through such p laces as Elsie Clark Krug s establishment in B alti t a and Kim ort Mo. are more , Md . , p , Indep endence , , a convenien size ( bout t k r f n a . o 9 inches ) to place o disp l y shelves They are made wi h s ill and ca e , but

— are . course , not play dolls merely statuettes in cloth Colorful cloth dolls seem t o be the favorite with the child u p t o the age

r r ﬁv e- - ol d a of about six yea s . Experiments with a healthy , no mal months inf nt ,

r ol d r r hous ed with hundreds of ra e and beautiful and mode n dolls , clea ly dem ons trat ed her preference above all others f or an attractively made rag doll . The “ ” most gorgeous ly dressed an d lovely lady French bisque met with onl v mi ld

r ap p oval . TH E CLOTH DOLL

ak r Centuries come and go , man m es prog ess , but a child is always a child ; old to s o it is that rag dolls , as as woven cloth , as new as today, will continue be “ ” r made as long as a little child loves to c adle in her arms a beloved baby .

( 1 9 4 R u s s a n c — “ ” ) t U ra n a n w a n. 1 95 R u s s an c i n t i lo h doll k i i om ( ) i hild c lo h . 1 9 6 s s i “ ” ( ) R u a n i a e . 1 97 re e e t — S r v ll g boy ( ) G k f l doll opho c l e s of S ky o s . ( 1 9 8 ) F r n c e e t . ( 1 9 9 ) P s c t s R e e F u n 1 h f l doll oli h Vi im li f d doll of 1 9 5 . ( n o t e m e d a l . ) Chapter 11

WOODEN DOLLS

E m i t H RE is so eth ng fascinating about a carved wooden doll, whe her fas h

i oned of by the hand an artist for the pride of a princess , or a peasant f or m h r in the ﬁeld his hu ble little daughter . T e feeling f o wood is un der s tandabl e f r ; for countless centuries we have depended upon it o shelter, pro t ecti on of of from the cold of winter and the heat summer , and for thousands d things which advancing civilization has emanded . Our very existence has depended upon it .

The art of carving the human ﬁgure from the limb of a tree was practised ou r m by pri itive ancestor worshippers . The early stages of this cult traces k hi m . k bac to pre storic ti es Later , ings and queens had their portraits carved from wood . It always has been used for the play doll , even up to the

-m h a l present era , and when beautiful wax, papier ac é and chin dol s came into ’ own k - their , wood still was used for parts of the doll s ma e u p . E Wooden dolls were among the ﬁrst to be manufactured in quantity . arly

- E Of s ones were hand carved, then painted . gyptian graves the sixth and eventh f D. o centuries A . , yield wooden dolls , and evidences toy factories , including of of toys this substance , have been unearthed from the dry soil Egypt , where l ﬁn d civi ization came early . These ancient dolls and toys their way into ’ mus eums , but seldom into the collector s hands .

W e can get an idea of the ﬁrst wooden doll to be brought to this country

f k . from a detail of an old engraving in the Library o Congress . ( See s etch ) k l k of Only the bac of the do l is pictured , but from it we now the general style

i i m . r the ﬁgure , wh ch has the El zabethan costu e of the period Settle s who came to thi s coun try with the Sir W alter Raleigh Expedition ( 1607) commanded

m . by Captain John S ith , brought such dolls for native children In the Imogene

n . A derson collection at Greenwich , Conn , is a wooden doll said to have been

1 k u een A nne. brought over by William Penn in 699 . The latter is nown as a Q

ff u - m It has a sti , ang lar body with an egg shaped head, someti es overlaid with plaster , and comes with either painted or glass eyes inset . Hands are often

k- k r of bamboo, with ugly for li e ﬁngers . The ﬁgures are by no means att active ,

i . but because of their age and rarity, br ng high prices

102 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

In 1413 there were craftsmen in Nuremberg who made the carving of r r a and wooden dolls thei p incip l business , old woodcuts show these doll makers a B . t their work. y the seventeenth century toy factories in Europ e were thriv r r r n ing, but in the next centu y , because of guild est ictions , they could ot be r r r a p oduced in the eno mous mass quantity e ched in the nineteenth century .

The k r r and no r was a guild divided wor e s into g oup s , t ade llowed to infringe

W - r r k r . u r upon another ood ca ve s m st stic to ca ving wood , j oine s to their to r . r trade , tinsmiths theirs , etc _ Ea ly in the nineteenth centu y, these restrictions r r r f or were lifted , and the t ade in dolls ﬂou ished as never befo e , now complete r r dolls came from one facto y . Howeve , long before the nineteenth century , hand - carved dolls we re p roduced in surp rising quantity in the richly wooded

. f rk r o . t sections Germany Peasants wo ed du ing the long win er months , then brought their wares to big cities to be distributed by agents over the whole

- . r r r r world Nurembe g was a g eat toy center . At ﬁrst the wood ca ve s peddled r r and thei toys in the country surrounding thei homes , guilds did not interfere k of f r so long as the ma ing toys was only a side line , but demand o them in r creased to such an extent that their manufactu e became a main business . and k f h Then the guilds stepped in the wor was divided . By the middle o t e “ of O eighteenth century , the p ainting the wood or tubbing f the toys was

a r r r t o done l rgely in Oberamme gau , anothe g eat center for the y industry . The earlier carvers of Sonneberg stained toys with blackberry juice before the s o l ca led bismuth coloring process was discovered .

n t o r a as Despite trade restrictions, the woode y indust y lone brought much r 1 29 t as gulden in a single yea ; in 7 , six hundred ons of toys were ex r r ported . Sonneberg agents reached the whole of Eu ope . Du ing the nineteenth r of centu y , with wholesale manufacture at top speed , the wealth the toy indus r t . 1 0 r r y was immense After 9 0, expo t duties dec eased proﬁts .

wi the - a As th china and bisque he ded doll , Germany remained top s in

r W W ar. the p oduction of wooden toys up to the Second orld The Dutch , with “ ’ ” r r r their Flanders babies , wooden dolls expo ted in la ge numbe s to England , m r have made a great many dolls , but often dolls in museu s and in p ivate col lections supposed to be made in other Europ ean countries have p roven on r r closer examination to be of Ge man o igin .

W k of k of k ood was used , at least in part , in the ma ing all inds dolls , tric

a of i or wax or a dolls, musical dolls, etc . Thous nds them w th bisque p pier h mac é heads had arms and legs and sometimes whole bodies of wood . Even the

- r r be ball j ointed typ e we e at ﬁ st made with wooden bodies , and as late as the

W r W r ne f a has ginning of the Second o ld a , o o the child Jume u dolls ball

r t o . j ointed limbs of wood . There is ha dly a more interesting material use

bi s e W ood can be polished to a smoothness resembling q , and , in the hands

of . of an artist , may become a thing beauty which will last indeﬁnitely See ' sketch of a hand -made wooden doll by Claire Fawcett in the chapter on H and

a . r Made Dolls . Those fashioned on a lathe never are as ttractive The nea est

- n r approach perhaps , is the twentieth ce tu y Schoenhut , but these , esp ecially the WOODEN DOLLS

later ones , have typical doll faces , and at a short distance away , often are

k - mista en for average bisque headed j ointed dolls .

Most collectors are familiar with the Peggity doll- house wooden peg 5 k f t 193 . v j oin ed doll originated in by Marion I Per ins o Pro idence , Rhode

Island , from an old doll found in an attic . It is well worth the price formerly asked for it

' ( 20 7 ) n e s e. w t w e n e a a n d h a n d u r h a 1 2 e n Chi doll i h ood h d S D c s e d i n 9 3 0 . ( 0 8 ) Wood s r t h e c e c t n u e e n c t r a 20 doll f om oll io of Q Vi o i . ( 9 ) a . Jo e l E lli s w ood e n dol l of "

1 8 73 . . e r e . S a n e rs w e n 1 8 8 0 . 2 1 0 a rr E l b G o g W d ood doll of ( ) H y . S c ho e n h u t a l w e n 1 1 2 ood doll of 9 . DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

Caution should be used in buying the wooden peg - jointed doll familiar ’ t of r k in Vic oria s time , but modern manufactu e . Collectors, mista ing the newer r ones for the ea ly, have sometimes paid big prices without justiﬁcation . As

1935 old - k k recently as , the style doll mar ed Vic ie in the illustration , sold in a on f f r S t . o tiny Shop Ox ord , London , two shillings and Sixpence . Heil , another

- r a r 1 25 old style , was pu ch sed in Eu ope about 9 . Miss Old is what her name

implies , but only an exp ert in dating wood could tell her exact age . Before a the nineteenth century , dolls usu lly were not made with ball joints , if we except ’ the artist s lay ﬁgure . Miss Knott (see illustration ) represents the typical early

- peg jointed doll . These peg joints do not belong only to the past . i Notice the E ast Indian wooden play doll of 1874. Th s was typical of its r time in that country . Now the tourist t ade has demanded all types of dolls r f from India, d essed in native costume . Most o the dolls imported from that s r r im r hi country ju t befo e the Second World W a were of cloth . K p o t has t s “ : r to say of them From India, ﬂamboyant in ou imagination with the wealth of the Raj ahs and mystery of the soothsayers come humble ﬁgures that portray ‘ ’ thi r r . r a life there as it really is The lowly sweeper , o M e , is the poo est of all ,

of hen aed the yogi in prescribed habit yellow must beg his sustenance . Castes ‘ ’ range from beggared untouchables to bej eweled Brahmins . Indian dolls are

t o - k a k s more y li e than most native costume dolls , perh p s because the ma ers , girl ’ in a widows home school , are little more than children themselves Soft and r r a e O . lovable , the dolls f warm b own cloth , ﬁrmly stuffed into plump ﬁgures Features are rather sketchily embroidered but the impression Of India and her ” ha ras s ee r peoples is correct . The dolls , including a C p ( B itish government

aid ) , a village girl bearing two children in her arms (tiny dolls) , an Orderly, r r a e 4 . Bomb y lady , Swe pe , and a Mothe , sell for about $ apiece These cloth ’ dolls are secondary collector s items . The brightly colored wooden play doll

of India is more rep resentative of its kind . k Modern wooden dolls from Switzerland (see s etch ) , Ceylon , China, and

f r e rv rom British South Africa are well made , but the p imitiv s we ca e in the

r - Ozarks and the mountains of Tennessee are for the most p a t second rate .

During the early years of the nineteenth century the wooden peg - jointed

doll was a pet plaything . It was inexpensive , could sit and bend, and the of small ones ﬁtted admirably into doll houses . Princess Victoria England

132 a k . owned sm ll ones , which she and her governess too delight in dressing “

k 18 94 . A boo about them , published in by Frances H Low with the gracious ” permission and approval of H er Maj esty the Queen is beautifully illustrated

in color by Alan W right .

r r . Nea er ou own time is the Joel Ellis ( Springﬁeld , Vt ) j ointed wooden 18 3 of r doll patented in 7 . Heads were ha d wood steamed and pressed into

on . shape , the bodies turned a lathe , j oints of the slot and tendon variety The

- E a f l . latter were not over strong, and a year later, llis gave up m nu acturing dol s f r In the meantime , F . D . Martin , also o Sp ingﬁeld , produced a similar doll 8 r 1 79 . but with more durable ball j oints . His patent was g anted in A year

r W of later, Geo ge . Sanders the same city obtained a patent for a similar type

Chapter 12

THE WAX DOLL

a a ar t f w r MONG the oldest dolls av il ble e hose made o ax . Reco ds show that were made in commercial quantity from the l 6th to the 20th cen r tu i es . W 16 8 k Christoph eigel , writing in 9 , spea s of the manufacture of wax

k t at r k dolls in Germany, and we now h the early G ee s gave their children dolls of 1 h r r k wax to p lay with . In the 7t centu y Pa is was ma ing wax fashion dolls . European museums abound in examp les dating back more than two hundred

a wax a years , a considerable time , bec use is fr il and not many in comp arison w m a h u r r - da wax ith the nu ber m nufactured ave survived . O p esent y pieces are r r r r mo e du able than the olde ones , and even these are subject to dete iora k f k tion due to climate and lac o nowledge as to their care . The Encyclop aedia Britannica has thi s to say on the subj ect of wax The facilities which wax offers for modelling have been taken advantage of r r r f om the emotest times . Figures in wax of their deities we e used in the l r r of an d ff r fune al ites the ancient Egyp tians , deposited among their o e ings in r r n r r E their g aves ; many of these a e ow p ese ved in museums . That the gyp tians also modelled fruits can be learned from numerou s allu sions in early k r . rt wax u e er literature Among the Gree s during their best a p eriod, ﬁg s w e l argely u s ed as dolls f or chi ldren statuettes of deities were modelled for votive

Oﬁ eri n s f or r r g and religious ce emonies , and wax images to which magical p op x erti es were attributed were treasured by the people . W a ﬁgures and models

r k efﬁ i e held a still more impo tant place among the ancient Romans . The mas s ( g s or a of im ges) ancestors , modelled in wax , were preserved by patrician families ,

u s ima i nu m one k this j g being of the privileges of the nobles , and these mas s r on and a t r we e exposed to view ceremonial occasions , c rried in heir fune al

a of the a a r k as S i i llari a on processions . The closing d ys Saturn li we e nown g , a f f k t of t a of ccount o the custom o ma ing , oward the end the fes iv l , presents wax models of fruits and waxen statuettes which were fashioned by the S igil r r r la ii or manuf acturers of small ﬁgures in wax and othe media . The p actice ax t r a r of w modelling can be traced h ough the middle ges , when votive offe w x r r r and t of ings of a ﬁgu es we e made to chu ches , and the memory lineamen s TH E W Ax DOLL 107 monarchs and great pe rsonages were p reserved by means of wax masks as in the days of the Roman patricians . “ In these ages malice and superstition found exp ression in the formation

r of . O of wax images hated pe sons into the bodies f which long pins were thrust , in the conﬁdent expectation that thereby deadly inj ury would be induced to the person rep resented ; and this belief and practice continued until the i 7th

r a of century . Indeed the sup erstition still su vives in the Highl nds Scotland ,

r 1885 of was whe e as recently as a clay model an enemy found in a stream , a having been pl ced there in the belief that , as the clay was washed away , so would the health of the hated one decline .

W s of art k f ith the renais ance in Italy , modelling in wax too a p osition o

r r of r a high impo tance , and it was p actised by some the g e test of the early

r masters . The bronze medallions of Pisano and the othe famous medalists owe their value to the art qualities of wax models from which they were cast by the ci re p erdu e p rocess ; and indeed all early bronzes and metal work were cast from

tete de ci re W icar on f wax models . The in the collection at Lille is e o the

f r k W i c r ne o . a o most lovely examples a tistic wor in this medium in existence ,

’ r r f . o Napoleon s commissa ies , b ought this ﬁgure from Italy It represents the r r k head and shoulde s of a young gi l . It has been claimed as a wor of Greek or t o Roman art , and has been assigned Leonardo da Vinci and to Raphael , but r r In all that can be said is that it p obably dates f om the Italian Renaissance .

r f 1909 . o r Dr Bode , the directo the Kaiser Freidrich Museum at Be lin , pur

i n f or t £8000 - - chased England , ( it was s ated ) , a life sized half length female

r a t ar da or ﬁgu e in wax , which he t ributed to Leon do Vinci his school . The ﬁgure was shown t o have once been in the possession of Richard Cockle Lucas

r rk 18 00 . ( a sculpto and wo er in ivory , wax , etc It was claimed that the

’ ﬁgure was really Lucas s work and was a. rep roduction in wax of a picture of

” r ar Flora att ibuted to Leon do da Vinci , now in the possession of the Morri a at rk a a r son f mily Basildon Pa , ne r P ngbourne ; this view was ep udiated by

r The Ti mes ct - Dec 1909 . O Dr Bode , but was gene ally accepted in England ( see , , ;

r B u rlin ton Ma azi ne n and pa ticularly the g g , May , Ju e , August , Till toward the close of the 18th century modelling of medallion portraits and relief

r r r r a r r g oup s , the latte f equently polych om tic , was in conside able vogue th ough

of i 8th r ou t Europ e . About the end the centu y Flaxman executed in wax many portraits and other relief ﬁgures which Josiah W edgwood translated int o p ot

r f r of r f r t e o . o . f o y his j asp er ware The modelling the soft p a ts dissections , etc , t a of r r at eaching illustr tions anatomy was ﬁ st p actised Florence , and is now r r r r 1721 very common . Such p epa ations fo med pa t of a Show at Hamburg in ,

r - rk r art and f om that time wax wo s , on a plane lowe than , have been popular

t r f r r a tractions . These exhibitions consist p incip ally of images o histo ical o of k r notorious p ersonages , made up waxen mas s on lay ﬁgu es in which sometimes

- mechanism is ﬁtted to give motion to the ﬁgure . Such an exhibition of wax works a 18 with mechanical motions was shown in Germany e rly in the th century , 108 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

r Tatl er - and is desc ibed by Steele in the . The most famous modern wax work ” t of a exhibi ion is that Madame Tuss ud in London . ’ John F l axman s work in sculpture and bas - relief is found throughout all “ ” - . a as England His Apollo and M rpessa, h relief, in the Royal Academy of of k Arts , is one the most beautiful things of its ind ever made . of O a w ax Few us can hop e to btain f mous examples of dolls , but those 19th r r a made in the centu y in comme cial qu ntity are possible to ﬁnd . Topping

of the list of such is the Montanari , made poured wax with hair embedded into a h 1 849 . r r the sc lp , ﬁrst ex ibited in Although not p oduced in g eat quantity, for ffi k the dolls were di cult and expensive to ma e , we still have some ﬁne exam r r ples , despite their frailty and the ca e which mus t be exe cised to keep them in

condition .

Some collectors have ﬁne examples of hand - made wax dolls brought from

and own om Europ e and from Mexico , a few found in our United States . C merci ally made wax dolls of course cannot comp are with those fashioned by

artists . One Of the most un usual of the early wax dolls still in existence was evi

dently made from the same mold as the papier- maché head with the pecul iar ’ hairdo ultra fashionable in the early 1830 s — eu rls bunched at either Side of and a t o the head dr p ed over a high comb on p . The body is the same as the

- - pap ier maché headed model .

r to n It is easie tell the age of a wax doll when shoes are p ainted o , for 18 not t those made before 60 have ﬂat soles . It is easy to ell the age by the f or k f or r condition of the wax , a doll pac ed carefully gene ations and not ex r r lot r posed to light or to g eat va iations in temp erature , will be a mo e new k loo ing than one not so protected . By f ar the greater number of ol d wax dolls have been foun d in such

- not t o deplorable condition that it is best to have them re waxed . It is o dif

ﬁ k f r . cult a t as o the amateur . ( See chap ter on Reconstructing the Old Doll ) r One typ e of ra e wax doll is that with; the hat or bonnet molded on , pop ’ the d ular in the 1860 s . In next decade , another wax doll had roll curls modelle r k onto the front pa t of the head immediately above the forehead , much li e a

r e modern style . The a ms and legs of the latter (in the Clara Fawcett colle tion ) are of cheap composition , the legs terminating in heeled boots . “ ” ’ Many pompadour dolls of the 1850 s made of wax over papier maché,

- r ﬂ t a . a with wooden a ms and legs , a soled shoes , are still ext nt The ex mple

f r W . sketched is from the collection o M s . illiam Garrison Most dolls of the

- k type had straw ﬁll ed cloth bodies supplied with squea ers . Geraldine (see sketch ) is a typical wax doll of the next two decades

- re k r cos 18 60 18 80 . The complete ﬁgu is s etched in orde to Show her original “ ” r k - u to ou r r tume . Although the d ess loo s quite grown p mode n eyes , it was a 1870 style for young girls in those days . Note length ; an adult in would be k considered indecent in such a short s irt . Geraldine has sleeping glass eyes e of blue and natural blonde hair . The head is wax over pap ier mach compos iti on ; arms and legs of comp osition ; heeled boots .

DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

r r of r Many of the ea ly dolls we e wax pou ed into a mold , forming a shell k the i li e bisque and ch na heads . These were so fragile that it was thought bet k a . mach ter to ma e them over a b se Metal , as well as papier é and comp osition was used f or this purpose A study of the base of the wax doll head will give

a . a of clue as to its age The earliest is usu lly poured wax , the next earliest has a or r maché a r a a met l p apie b se (mo e often the l tter ) , and the latest is wax over

are r composition . There excep tions to the ule . Individual artists use their own r p eferred methods .

t o r u One way tell a pou ed wax doll is to hold it p to the light . Light is

k e seen through unless the shell is very thic or the head is solid . If lip s and ch cks over k of or are painted the wax, it is li ely to be either poured solid wax , for the head of wax ove r papier-maché or composition is painted before the wax is

- k r . n r applied This permits a more life li e appea ance . Fi e , ea ly wax dolls are r well p op ortioned . One with wax feet has toes curling under in a most nat a rk ural way . Thousands of che p ones ﬂooded the ma et in the late ninet eenth

t r as r cen u y, and on into the twentieth , such dolls are desc ibed in the chapter O n oll ti n oll C ec gD s . A discussion of wax ﬁgures hardly would be adequate without reference to ’ k re hol z r Madame Tussaud s famous wax wor s . As Marie G s t ( afterwa ds Madame r n r e n Tussaud ) , a p omisi g pup il unde the tutelag of her uncle , Joh Christopher C r t o k her u tius , she was soon able ta e place at the top of the profession , which,

r one by the way, was a th iving in the eighteenth century, patronized by royalty . ’ Nine years Of Mademoiselle Gres holt z s life was spent in giving lessons t o the a n l of r . o adies the F ench Court Uncle Curtius had two pl ces in Paris , e in the a r ra t t r Pal is Royal , whe e he exhibited p ort i s of illustrious personages , ano he r r r on l d . the Bou evard u Temple , ﬁlled with po t aits of c iminals Little did they dream of the agonies of mind and spirit that thi s gift

of or modelling would bring them , , on the other hand , the pleasure that it

r r t and r the would bring f o gene ations yet o come . Uncle niece we e caught in

1 of bloody revolution of 789 . In J uly that year they were faced with an angry mob demanding efﬁgi es of their heroes to carry in triumph through the streets W r r f r the . o Pa is . This was only beginning hen the Reign of Ter or sta ted,

' Mademoiselle Gres holtz was forced to model from the dead faces of her ol d W r r L amb all friends . hen the mangled head of a dear f iend , P incesse de , was

r her a r . brought befo e , it was lmost mo e than she could bear She begged and a r r pleaded in vain , and ﬁn lly was fo ced to comp ly , the tea s dimming her eyes k rk t . as she wo ed at the grievous , tor urous tas Then came the heads of Corday,

Marat Robespie rre and others from which she was obliged to model . Finally , , she he rself was thrown int o p rison and knew not from day to day whethe r the

h r t o . r a next would be e last . ( She lived be ninety ) It was in p ison th t she ’

a ar who a . a met Josephine de Be uh nais , bec me Napoleon s Empress Afterw rd , r k r a when p eace was resto ed , Josep hine as ed Ma ie , who was then Mad m Tus f h r a k k o t e . saud , to ma e a li eness Empe or But M dame Tussaud had exp erienced

was . enough on French soil ; from thenceforward , England to become her home In 1802 she packed up efﬁgi es and molds which she had inherited from her TH E W Ax DOLL 111

m. uncle , and had exhibitions in almost every large town in the United Kingdo 1925 In 1833 her permanent Exhibition was established in London . In , ﬁre “ ” destroyed nearly all but the Chamber of Horrors which was in the relatively k secure basement , but the molds were saved , and from it , li e the phoenix , arose ’ r of from the ashes a new Madame Tussaud s Exhibition , the histo y a people in x wa . , more popular than ever before The famous W ax W orks might have had something to do with the immense ’ p opularity of the wax doll in England . Certainly England s wax dolls were known all over the world for their beauty and worth .

Many collectors specialize in the wax doll . Care should be used in selecting

one such a doll if is putting real money into it , for a great many cheap ones on k were put the mar et in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries . h T e . l Examine the body as well as the wax parts . best are well made It shou d be remembered that not all dolls with hair embedded into the wax are Montan aris , for that method was used for many years after its introduction by other manufacturers . In fact , the idea is still used for modern dolls . As explained f in the chapter on Composition Dolls , hair is embedded into the head o the

Monica, a modern doll .

To f or p prices are paid the rare ones of poured wax, but there are many wax dolls made over a papier mache or composition base which are beautiful

and well proportioned and worthy a place in any collection .

era The of the wax doll for the child is over , but for the collector it has k scarcely begun . We have learned to ma e wax that is more enduring than of old re- ; artists are discovering the possibilities of the substance , and in years n of to come collectors undoubtedly will have u dreamed treasures in wax . C hapter 13

METAL DOLLS

E TAL - HEADED dolls most familiar to collectors are the J uno and Min a r erva he ds illustrated . They we e ﬁrst made in Germany about ﬁfty

or kid - s tu ﬁ ed years ago , and attached to cloth sawdust bodies , with eyes inset or an d r or painted either natu al modelled and painted hair . Heads of metal two other than the mentioned were quite diversiﬁed . At the time fancies in

r w - k i Parian were delighting child en and gro n ups ali e , the metal head w th r r fancy hairdo made its appea ance . It was never as p opula with the ﬁne trade ff o a a un ul . as the bisque , for enamel peels metal f irly e sily , with beautif results

s r s f or Preciou metals , gold and silver , we e u ed centuries ago wealthy “ ” m on e r f European fa ilies , and occasionally ﬁnds a really old cha m doll o s r f l th preciou metal . The tiny doll illust ated o gold and white metal ( yg inches

c t s o r long, ame from an antique s ore in Paris . Although tiny , it is pe fectly

k . j ointed at elbows , hips and nees

' The most interesting modern doll with an all - metal body is the Swi ss doll

‘

s r . r are r . illu t ated The . metal j oints come apa t and b ought together by suction of ul r r r r w It is ad t propo tion , and the se ies rep esent a ﬁ eman , policeman , clo n, etc . Head , hands and feet are of composition . The dolls sold in this Country ’ a r s bout six yea s ago for a few dollars ap iece . They could be u ed as artist s la y ﬁgures , but were sold as toys .

of n . About the middle the nineteenth century , metal was used u der wax

r nk . l . s Two such dol s , belonging to Mrs F a lin Hill Davis , are illu trated here The on w a l e ith teeth inserted is far less ttractive than the smaller dol , but the wax f f . o is in a better state o preservation The little one is full yellow spots , pos i l i a s b y caus ed by climatic conditions and ts contact with the met l . The bodies of both dolls are sawdust - stu ff ed and equip p ed with jointed wooden arms and

ﬂat - on has hands . The smaller one has soled wooden shoes painted ; the other r k lost both legs in the st uggle to exist , but still retains the front and bac por k r tions of its wooden squea e . r not r k How ea ly metal was used for the toy doll is ecorded , but we now that the tin soldier made its debut in Europ e in the Middle Ages . Those we ’ r l 85o s a ﬁnd today were probably not made befo e the , if we excep t the ntique ” charm dolls .

DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

k r a Until recently, tin or li e metal has been used to strengthen pa ts in ’ k - r s u . doll ma e p For instance , the lovely Kathe K use baby doll is reinforced with metal under the cloth to preserve intact the features , and the large Bru,

kid h s . French bodied doll , a metal at the elbow j oint for added strength While ll metal has never been as popular for the complete doll as other substances , a “ ” “ r - va ieties have been made , from the bow legged baby to the sedate lady f doll . The beauty o the metal ﬁgure depends upon proportions, style and

f - . o d coloring, as is the case with any other doll Most the late common tin hea s ’ of l are secondary collector s items , but interesting as part the record of dol

his tory . Chapter 14

LEATHER DOLLS

E A TH E R — kid in its various forms rawhide , tanned leather, is a material kid used f or dolls both in this country and abroad . Although was utilized l r n 1865 hi for doll bodies we l over a hun dred yea s ago , it was not u til , in t s

of . . country, that patented heads were made it In that year, Lucretia E S allee of f of Decatur , Ill . , Obtained a p atent for a doll head pressed leather rein orced

( inside ) with plaster .

k r f manuf c 1866 a . o . a The following year , , Fr n E Da row Bristol , Conn , r ’ r r tu ed dolls heads of rawhide . The process desc ibed in patent pape s issued “ to him is as follows : The rawhide is ﬁrst cured in the usual way . It is then k f cut into blanks of suitable size f or the purpose desired . Then ta e a box o

n f or concentrated lye , ( about one pou d , usually found in stores sale ) , put f k r it into about two gallons o water , then place said blan s in a suitable appa atus i into which steam made from said composition or l quid may enter , and thereby

or nk k one saturate steam said bla s , when they may be ta en therefrom , at a m ti e , and introduced to the die and press, and pressed into the desired form ff or shape . There may be other liquids by means of which this e ect may be produced . “ The particular obj ect of saturating or steaming is to produce an elastic or ﬂexible state of the rawhide during only the time occupied in pressing it into its mold or die . “ I have found by the use Of alcohol the same result may be produced ; bu t I it will be seen that it is t oo expensive . therefore believe that the proces s r particula ly described will be found to be the best and cheapest .

The patent was granted f or the process Of saturating rawhide for the k purpose Of ma ing doll heads .

r l r - Few Dar ow dol s remain , as their manufacture was sho t lived . Rodents a enj oyed the rawhide , and after repe ted damage from these pests , the factory was abandoned in 1877

of Or kid - Portrait dolls leather made in the South , with hand p ainted fea k tures and hair, and representing those who have helped ma e Southern history,

A - are worth collecting . label on the doll reads : This doll is hand painted 116 DOLLS— A GUIDE FOR COLLE CTORS

( 22 9 -23 0 r c c a n s : s e r a n an d u s e w e F r h c e c t n ) Mo o doll Fi h m Ho if . om t e oll io of

M rs . K n Wm . oblo c h .

C i n ' r and opied from an authentic portrait of the subject New O leans . It is ” of r of r k r one a se ies twelve characte s who have helped ma e Southern histo y . are k a F Among the dolls Audubon ( a good li eness ) , B roness ontalba and Bien r ville . The labo and material rep resented in the doll would today bring about 8 f or $ , yet it sold a few years ago as little as The face is ﬂat , and not

- k one r n as good loo ing as steamed and p essed into a mold might be , but it is i

eni ou s f g and well made , and o historic value . The ﬁnest leather dolls still on the American market ( in diminishing r k quantity) seem to be those from Mo occo . One (see s etch ) is a baby doll with

- rather a mature expression and beautiful hand painted features . The head has either been steamed and pressed into shape , or modelled over a p lastic base , f r r a for the result is as perfect as any o bisque o china . The doll was pu ch sed

Chapter 15

RUBBER DOLLS

HILE modern rubber dolls do not usually excite much interest— with the exception of the model or fashion dolls— there are a few ( not typical ’ l rubber babies ) which may be classed as collector s items . The little Dutch gir

- k illustrated , purchased in Amsterdam , Holland , has a sweet , child li e expression . and better coloring than most .

r r Rubber seems best adapted to rep esent the baby , but afte hard rubber a 1844 r was introduced by Ch rles Goodyear in , the ﬁrst ones made we e supposed

- r r r i to typify the lady or the half g own girl . One was a p o t a t doll of Jenn y ’ Lind , the Swedish nightingale ; another wore her hair in loose ringlets falling r r of r over the shoulder ; othe s wo e the typical hairdo the pe iod . N k r d r 1941 and ote s etch of rubbe fashion oll modelled by Ma git Nilsen , , ’ - r Goodyear s rubber head of 1851 . The hai of the Goodyear doll is modelled ; the n r modern o e has natu al hair . ’ It was not long after Goody ear s discovery that Europ e began the manu f r of r facture o hard ubber dolls . One Mlle . Calixto Huret F ance made gutta ’ r 1850 s percha bodies to be used with turning po celain heads , in the , and some

r r . years late , the F ench manufacturer M Bru p atented a rubber baby doll 18 8 ( 7 ) and rubber statuettes . r Attempts have been made to insert glass eyes into the rubbe . Isaac A . f r 2 B f k Y . o 19 7. oumer o Broo lyn, N . , was issued a patent this in

l k — — Of the three early American rubber dol heads s etched a, b and O the

rk . r . . . a two end ones rep esent ladies and are ma ed I R C Co The center head , r 28 1 54 18 68 k r rk a . 8 . gi l , is ma ed Goodye r Pat Ma ch , The s etch Showing a Ma 6 1851 r : a . complete Goodyea doll reads , on the shoulders Goodye r Pat y ,

— Ext .

d e are the W of Dolls and , respectively , esley Miller hollow rubber doll 18 5 of r 7 , which was made to stay bent in any desired position by means a wi e W r r k r . a mature , and the Ansil Monroe ha d rubbe head with swivel nec patented

’

of r of a r a r. the same ye ar . Both these dolls wo e wigs n tu al h i

k . Typic al rubber babies are also s etched The doll standing , made by the ’ f w n ot r s O . o S un Rubber C , Barberton , Ohio , soft yello ish rubber , is a collecto a k n of k a t r item , but the unm r ed baby in a sitti g p osition , pin better qu li y rubbe , RUB B ER DOLLS 119

is attractive enough to be treasured . A metal tube from the mouth ends j ust k f under the neck at the bac o the head , showing that it was meant to be a “ ” . bottle baby . Rubber dolls lend themselves nicely to this idea The manuf acture of rubber toys began here in 1837 wi th Benj amin l . i r f rk . o F . Lee o New Yo City It is doubtful that any these ea ly toys remain ,

now - k for they were of soft rubber . After the well nown Charles Goodyear p at r ented hard rubber in 1850 , the manufactu e of dolls began on a large scale , and

i - maché - of some of these , patterned after typical ch na and papier headed dolls

- a 3 2 3 3 ( 23 2 ) R u bb e r h e a d e d doll w i t h p a i n t e d e y e s p u rc h a s e d i n Holl n d i n 1 9 5 . ( ) “ ” - J n n n a l l ru e r . 23 4 2 3 5 R u e r s a n d n e w 2 3 4 . e y Li d bb doll ( . ) bb doll old Good - a r 1 1 3 s e n 1 94 1 2 6 re e e a r ru e r e a e s . 2 3 7 T h e y e , 8 5 ; 2 5 . Nil , . 3 ) Th Goody bb h d d doll ( )

1 23 8 T h A . . n r e a r ru e r \Ve s l e y Mill e r hollo w ru bb e r ( 1 0 1 of 1 8 75 . ( ) e W Mo o h d bb “ ” 240 n ar e ru e r h e a d of 1 8 75 ( 23 9 ) Typi c a l s m a ll ru bb e r b a by . ( ) U m k d bb doll u a t of good q li y .

h r r . t e t as . a e time , still exis , before stated These old ones wo th restoring r r a . f is . Emm C Clear o Redondo Beach , Califo nia , an expe t along this line

and a a r r the k Europe , America J pan h ve each cont ibuted its sha e in ma ing

r - r k of ubber dolls . The all ubber baby doll ma es an excellent playt hing for the small child . It can be bounced , bitten and thrown about with impunity . And ,

r mu t and of . s best all , it can be washed In fact , rubbe babies be bathed ( r r r k p owde ed ) egula ly to eep in condition . DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLE CTORS

a r t r not Many dolls have been m de f om time to ime with pa ts , but the r r r whole ﬁgure , of rubber ; some have ubbe hands only, others a e made with

r of of c just the body or head of rubbe , the rest the doll some other material su h as composition or cloth . W r W ar r Just before o ld II , a new and altogethe delightful rubber ” - k bodied doll called the magic s in baby made its appearance . The hollow b of t r air- k k ody the doll is ﬁlled wi h sp ecially t eated blown apo , and the limbs an r k are so ﬂexible that they c be p inched and w in led like a human being .

' k k k s o r It loo s and feels li e s in , much so that its use has been cons idered f o the f making of artiﬁcial limbs . The head of the doll is o the new p lastic material k r k . a e which loo s li e celluloid Legs and body all in one piece , yet the legs can swing naturally A few years ago model dolls us ed by department stores to disp lay in minia N w r r f or a of . o a e of m tu e , garments sale , were m de rubber they made a ore r durable composition with rubbe content .

Among the most interesting modern rubber dolls are tiny doll - house or ” ’ r r f or family dolls . Unadulterated ubbe is not the ideal material collector s dolls because of the care it needs .

122 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

r r a ar t r r factory of Schultz Brothe s , Ge m ny , the l ges manufactu e of celluloid dolls before W orld W ar II . 2oth r s k a f ( early centu y) show an advance in celluloid doll ma ing . Gl ss h a eyes are inserted , and the head is made to receive a wig . ( lso has glass

on . eyes , but the hair is molded )

k k — mar s a still further advance , sleeping eyes , the head strengthened by a wooden bar to prevent sagging with the weight of the lead attached t o wire from the eyes .

- th Doll house dolls were also made of celluloid . Notice the tiny one wi natural hair . The French cellul oid doll was sketched from on e in the little museum of

W . . Hillcrest Village , ashington , D C The Village was started by Dolly Mad ison and a friend in the early p art of the nineteenth century to care f or children 18 12 of soldiers killed in the W ar of . It is under the jurisdiction Of the Dis

us u r triet of Columbia . The M e m , founded by Miss Portia M . Obe ly a few

r . yea s ago , has other celluloid dolls , including a dapper diminutive gentleman

- k l r m 1935 The all celluloid doll mar ed was ve y common in Ger any in , and

n . e many found their way to this cou try It is made in small and m dium sizes .

u ﬁ e r a r e n t e r c e u 1 88 1 . . n n e t e c e a . L e t s C p ll loid doll of b Bo d ll loid doll of ’ “ ” nm a r e c e l u l o xd 8 2 2 l i n m a rk e d e r an c e u . ( 24 3 ) U t h e 1 8 0 s . ( 4 ) G m ll loid boy k d l n s t . e e e 2 4 4 2 ot h c e n t u r c e u e a w t a s s e e s I e h e a d , p a i n t d y s . ( ) y ll loid h d i h gl y ” - “ r e e s a B e . r s e r an c e u a . s e s y ( 2 4 5 ) S c h u l t z B o . G m ll loid b b y Thi doll mbl Lo “ ” 1 n c e l l u l md l an e u b o y 1 9 2 7. ( 24 7) re c ( 2 4 6 ) S c h u l t z B ros . G e rm c ll loid of F h do l a r e a l l - c e l l u l o nd a s n t n D . . 24 8 ) n from t h e Hill c re s t M u s e u m . W hi g o , C ( U m k d e r a n c e 9 e u w t n a t u ra a r w i g. ( 2 50 ) doll c i rc a 1 8 9 0 . ( 24 ) C ll loid doll i h l h i G m l a l l - e u i a n d e e t n s e t . ( 2 5 1 . A c l u l o i d doll h e a d w i t h s l e e pi n g gl a s s e y e s t h i ) ll lo d 1 9 3 D w t c e u e a a n d a n s c rc a 1 9 3 0 . doll of 5 . b . oll i h ll loid h d h d i CELLULOID DOLLS 123

America made a number of celluloid dolls during the period of the First ’ World War . One will sometimes ﬁnd in dolls hospitals and antique shops ,

k s . are celluloid heads labelled Mar s Bro , Boston They unexceptional copies

- r - k of a German model . Ball j ointed bodies came with the la ge swivel nec ed

are of Marks Bros . heads . They interesting only as part the record of doll history . W W ar Immediately after orld I , Germany produced vast numbers of ball

kid - jointed , cloth and bodied dolls with celluloid heads , as well as smaller ones ’ made entirely of celluloid . Among the most attractive is the boy s head 2 k 19 7. s etched . A similar one in bisque is dated These were evidently copied

m d . or or fro the earlier model Eyes were either painted on of glass inset , sleeping , with and without lashes . Sometimes teeth , too , are inserted , and both or the rotating and the stationery shoulder heads are used .

Old and unusual celluloid dolls are worth collecting , but for the most part , ’ they are secondary collector s items . The new plastics heads made prior to T World War II are the latest derived from cellulose . hey look like the old

d ‘ f ade r an a e . celluloid , in the same way , but stronger It would be interesting k to now their future history .

Kim or f - t o . p Independence , Mo , has handled gaily attired peasant costume f dolls with celluloid heads , and good examples o the old type are often picked ’ up in Thrift Shops and Dolls Hospitals . Chapter 1 7

OLD PAPER DOLLS

as a of the r r n UST in the c se eal doll , unus ual pape dolls have been u

r t ea thed af er a long rest in dusty attics , and are becoming more and more

r f or r app eciated , both thei beauty and their wealth of information about

of W costumes and customs the past . hole villages are sometimes represented , not including only private homes with furnishings , and public buildings , r m chu ches , theatres , museu s , p icture galleries , etc . , but trees , ﬂowers , animals , ’ r 18 80 f p ets and toys the child en played with . During the s the Hous e o Hapsburg was pictured in a set of paper dolls consisting of more than sixty sheets . These included not only the Royal Family with their elaborate cos tu mes and accessories , but houses , furniture and towns .

r f r o t c . A d awer full pape dolls with dresses , e , can give us a century of ’ ’ dn costumes for which the plastic doll requires a queen s ball room . They woul t

k of ou ? show the bac the costume y say Ah , but many of them did just that , f or in earlier days it was the custom to paint the back of the doll and dress as W and t well as the front . ith the wider edges ( except top bottom ) pas ed to r r r r of r . gethe , they we e d awn ove the head the ﬁgu e In this way, a complete of r W r record costume and hai style is left to us . hat a boon to the playw ight as well as to the student of costume " It is t oo bad that present - day artists who k f ’ create p aper dolls seldom paint the bac o the doll s wardrobe .

Museums have recognized the interest and value of the paper doll as an

f a . authentic record o p st styles , and many have ﬁne collections Among the

’ k r f 1 22 ar . s etches here is a pape lady o 8 . This was brought from P is by Mrs r r Benj amin Welles , grandmother of Miss Geo giana A . Sargent , who p esented k it to the Museum of the City of New Yor , where the doll stands before a tiny mirror so that the back as well as the front of her charming costume may be seen . At either side are seven dresses and six hats .

- - Another doll from the same museum is the hand p ainted , nine inch paper

f 1830 a w r by ballet dancer o ( lso ith seven d esses and six hats ) , painted the

r f r . g eat , great grandmother o the dono , Miss Constance Kilbourn k r f W . C . m W r . o e a e indebted to Mrs Jennie Calve t ashington , D , for a ing ’ r possible copies of the boy and girl of the l 85o s sketched he e . These two dolls

126 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLE CTORS

- A coating of egg white , applied nearly a hundred years ago , has help ed pre ol d serve these treasures .

A few years later ( about 18 60 ) appeared another celebrity in paper doll

— Mrs . r form , little Tom Thumb , cop ied th ough the courtesy of Miss Lenore

a of of n de Gr nge the District Columbia . This is o e of a long line of p aper dolls issued by McL ou ghlin Brothers since they started in the p ublishi ng business in

’ “ ” 2 - rk 18 8 . r s r New Yo City in M s . Thumb thi ty two inches of feminine charm

her r . attracted almost as much attention as famous husband , the Gene al As W 1 0 . . 10 x Miss Lavinia arren she closed her A M to P . M . e hibition at Barn ’ “ a um s Americ n Museum because , it was stated , the little queen of beauty will r n h ” o . l 0t . positively be married to Gene al Tom Thumb Tuesday , Feb , etc . , etc l w T m Other paper dol s in the set ith General and Mrs . o Thumb included Com modore W rr i r Nutt and Minnie a en , sister to Lavin a , and b idesmaid at her d wed ing .

Typ ical McL ou ghlin Brothers dolls are seen in the accomp anying sketches — of E v a girl with ﬂowers in her hand , and Top sy and a, the last two issued

’ “ ’ ” rr r s k o in tribute to Ha iet Beeche Stowe Uncle Tom s Cabin , a boo as p p

“ ” as W W r wn f ular in its time Gone ith The ind in ou o , and in recognition o which we also have paper dolls .

k of It was in this period that Raphael Tuc and Sons Company , Ltd . , “ ” N ew rk r H er London , Paris and Yo , fo mer publishers to Majesty , the Q ueen , ( Victoria) brought ou t one of their most interesting series of paper dolls en “ ” one titled Six F amous Queens and Martha W ashington . Illustrated here is

— a r k of the dolls Queen Is bella of Sp ain , with th ee costumes (A , wal ing ; B ,

r s et r h court ; C , reception gown . ) The o iginal , in full colo , from whic this

r s a . was cop ied , belongs to Miss Lydia Hu d of Belmont , Ma s chusetts It was

“ ” ‘ a w y r i nf or p ssed do n in the famil . Inqui y about the queens brought the mation from Raphael Tuck and Sons Comp any that none of their paper dolls are now available since the German blitz of a few years back destroyed all the p lates . Throughout the nineteenth century many paper doll ﬁrms p rinted the back of the doll as well as the front as before noted . The gentleman of the ’ r 18 70 s p ictured has this characte istic . The original doll is accompanied by

- on k a a clean shaven young man , the bac of which is written in a childish h nd , “ ” 26 one of years . Charles Allen . Four costumes , which is a military uniform , accompany each doll .

A series of paper dolls representing famous actresses and singers of the d 18 8 and r t a 0 . day , was patente in Arms legs we e a tached by p per fasteners , so that the limbs could be placed in any desired position . These were supposed r wh r a to be costumed by the pu chaser , o gene ally used crep e p p er for the pur k r r at pose . Some time ago a New Yor deale acqui ed a quantity auction and Kim ort r 2 resold a number of them to p , whe e they may be p urchased for $ apiece . OLD PAPER DOLLS 127

m n d c u e e n r ra n a n 25 8 M rs . T o u a s t . u rt s s s e a d e e s ( ) Th mb o m Co y Mi L o G g , W hi g ’ o n D 2 5 9 c a M c L o u h l i n r s . a e r t h e 1 s 6 o s . 26 0 s t , . C . ) T y pi l g B o p p doll of ( ) Top y a v a r 26 1 u e e n I s a e a S a n a n d t re e c s t u e s a n d E a p p e doll s . ( ) Q b ll of p i h o m . ’ R a a u c S n s a e r t h e 1 8 6 0 s . u rt e s M s s a u r B e l ph e l T k o p p doll of Co y i L y di H d , — - n t a s s . s t u e s A w a n . u rt R e c e t n w n . ( 2 6 2 A e n t e mo . M Co m . lki g z B Co : C . p io go ) g l ’ ma n p a p e r doll of t h e 1 8 7 0 s .

By this time there we re so many improvements in paper making machinery r that the business increased t emendously . Paper dolls in the nineteenth century ’ r r 1 of 890 s . 1894 k reached the height thei p oduction in the In , Raphael Tuc and r k Sons Comp any again came to the fo e in the ma ing of paper dolls . The sam f “ ” ple o Artistic Series III illustrated does not show the beautiful coloring , k k but it gives an idea of what the doll loo ed li e . One set rep resent ed fairy tale

— - characters Red Riding Hood , Mother Goose , etc . , another the Cinderella story, ' f were cl othed but most o them in contemporary fashion . These Raphael Tuck dolls of 1894 are quite different from those of 1860 or r of at the eabouts . Heads the l er dolls were made separately and p asted onto k t o an elongated nec allow space under the chin so that the costume , also sup a k plied with long nec , might slide into place underneath . The set is dainty and colorful . 128 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

The custom of printing pap er dolls in magazines and newspap ers goes ’ ’ ’ b ck l 850 s a at least as far as the , at which time Godey s Lady s Book fea r tu ed . both boy and girl dolls Recently, although a quantity have been sold

k ﬁv e- - - r in boo let form through the and ten cent sto es , not so many as formerly

- . r 1895 96 have been issued in magazines and newspapers During the yea s , the Boston Sun day Herald printed as a supplement one adult costume and hat in color each week with the inf ormation that the model figure for the outfit would “ of two- be sent to subscribers upon receipt two cent stamps . The model fig ” u re shown here was sket ched from the original doll in the Museum of the k City of New Yor . Many of us remember the Letty Lane and Betty Bonnet

’ ’ L adi es H ome J ou rnal of 1908 ohn r Series in the about , and those in J Ma ti n s

B ook.

’ the 1890 s a During , advertising dolls app e red by the thousands , and

are a still f irly easy to acquire , for those treasures Of childhood which do not

k . B ar require much space are often ept as fond mementos Some , notably the

’ bour s Irish Flax Thread and the New England Mincemeat Company dolls ,

r cons is t ed of head and a ms only . The head was pushed through a slot cut at

k - d r t the nec line of the double fol ed gown , and the arms slipped around in f on k f . o the dress , ma ing a complete doll ’ k r t s . . . Those adver ising Clar O N T Spool Cotton we e complete , both k f r front and bac of doll and costume in color . Part o the adve tising on the “ under side of the dress reads : If the little girl who gets this doll is sent to k ’ ” h r f r s . t e sto e o thread she should a for Clark s O N . T . Spool Cotton . Among other products advertised through the medium of the paper doll

’ s r were Diamond Dyes , Dennison C epe Paper , and the Cordova, Lion and Mc ’ ’ ﬁ McL au hlin Laughlin s C o ees . The dolls ( an extensive series ) advertising g s Coffee should not be confused with those of the publishing house McL au ghli n

- ﬁv B r th r r e r. o e s , who sold pape dolls independently for over seventy yea s In

f o each bag o coffee was a doll, with extra costume , and with those ﬁgures repr

s r f or n s enting queen , a piece of cardboard fu niture with instructions foldi g

into position . Although women and girls in paper form were by far the

r. one most popular, men and boys shared the hono Included in set (eight

l ot one men and eight women in the ) were two dapper gentlemen , with side ” a a boards and moustache , the other smiling and eleg nt in a simp le moust che on of en gagingly curled up at the ends . Lines the reverse side the woman and

fi t o . t r girl doll indicated where the gure was be folded in order o sit o stand . “ ( Men we re stander Some of the ladies had sep arate waists and “ ” r . ski ts . The gentlemen were equipped with extra coats and pants , which f o . ﬁtted through slots . Most the sets consisted of sixteen ﬁgures H ow far back in the annals of human history the p aper doll goes can be j u dged from the description by Marco Polo of paper funeral images seen by him in China about the year 1280 ; also by the fact that they were used in

on the ancient p uriﬁcation ceremonies , the doll rubbed the body of p erson

of a f r. wishing t o be cleansed sin , the p p er e ﬁgy then thrown into the rive

130 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLE CTORS

t t — u r his sor , p aper soldiers , animals , castles , ho ses, street scenes, the ope a , the

- . p icture gallery , etc Then came the peep show, the ﬁrst model f or which was .

r o r the Christmas c ib , foll wed shortly by secula subjects . German artists made such elaborate and interesting peep - shows that no public fair or festival was w f complete ithout one . It consisted o a box inside of which pictures and card

r ou t r n r w board ﬁgu es cut in several planes were a ranged vertically, o e o be

s o r hind another , that they formed an attractive and realistic whole . Colo ed

ca r r r mi or oiled paper cove ing the opening and prope ly lighted , p oduced a ff r f beautiful e ect as seen through a lens set in f ont o the box . r k a t Pap er dolls to dress and und ess , such as we now today , m de heir ap p earance in Europe rather late In the J ou rnal der Moden for 1791 they were advertised f or the ﬁrst time A new and very pmretty invention is the s o called English doll which we have lately received fro London . It is p rop erly a f or s o r toy little girls , but is p leasing and tasteful that mothe s and grown w k women ill li ely also want to play with it , the more since good and bad taste

r ff r k o a . in dress coi ure can be obse ved and , so to spe , studied The , doll is a a f r r e young fem le ﬁgure cut out o stout ca dboa d . It is about ight inches high ,

r . W has simply curled hair, and is dressed in un de clothing and corset ith it go six complete sets of tastefully designed dresses and head - dresses which are cut ou t of paper The whole thing comes in a neat paper envelop e which can be easily c arried in a hand - bag or work- b ox to give amusement at p arties ” or to children .

flat a - Not only figures were m de at this time , but three dimensional ones “ r r a we e p inched i nto Shap e by enterp rising p e sons . Tod y we have round about dolls and think they are a new invention ; the idea was figured out a

r r the of ‘ r hund ed and fifty yea s ago . Many of paper toy inventions that pe iod “ ” r - - k f r r a e . u o still used The present day pop p boo s , instance , we e pop ular h r W S 1840 re k t e s u r i s e books . a in , but we then nown as p hen a page in uch k or O boo is opened , a little scene , built up in sections , one figure row f figures “ ” th r th r u e . behind e othe , p ops p , figu es being pasted only at the base Early in the nineteenth century England introduced one of the most in i n f r r r r k t eres t gideas o pape dolls . They were used to illust ate characte s in boo s k k r f or children and placed in a p oc et at the bac of the volume . Ame ican pub li h rs 1840 r s e copied the idea , but until , issued the dolls in sheet fo m bound into

k the f or - the boo , as they did not have facilities die cutting the ﬁgures until that

r r r r. a date . He be t H . Hosme , J , of South Lancaster , Mass chusetts , has a

k - - fas cinating collection of toy boo dolls . He comes of a p ap er doll minded fam il r r - r y , for his g eat , g eat uncle , John Greene Chandler, a wood eng aver and r 18 57 lithographe , published in Boston , Massachusetts , in a series of paper “

Mr. dolls which he designed . These dolls and their outﬁts , says Hosmer, were printed in black and white and then delicately tinted with water colors ” r r h s r of r M . a by hand . Some the p oof sets which Hosme fo merly belonged ’ “ k to the originator s two little girls and to his small nieces and nephews . Jac “ and Little Fairy Lightfoot with costumes ( 1857 have been reprinted by Mr . O LD PAPER DOLLS 13 1

t f or 50 1 a Hosmer . Unpainted , the leafle sells cents a copy , $ if it is h nd tinted . r r of r Mrs . Ea le E . Andrews , p esident The Doll Collecto s of America , of is especially interested in antique paper dolls . One her prize items is a

- hand painted copy of the Jenny Lind paper doll . Mr . Hosmer has a companion “ ” r of r r box t o the Jenny Lind set entitled The Dance Pa is , which illust ates ’ ’ — r n l l r . the famous ballerin a of the 1840 s Fan y E s s e . Some of Mr Hosme s

8 k . English Toy Book paper dolls go back as far as 1 00 . Mrs . Fran C Doble a s chu r . W M s a t M s . of Cambridge , Massachuset s , and Louis F ood of Clinton , setts , also have fine collections . k Pa. a r. In 1874 William H . H rt , J , of Philadelphia , , p atented a wal ing W r r . paper doll . The figu e was put together in sections hen held by the finge a on piece at the w istline and moved forward a flat surface , the head and t legs oscillated in imitation of a pe rson walking . This was followed by o her “ ” k r wal ing paper dolls . Fastened to the body of the more recent , is a otating r f . one wheel o legs (five legs ) , pair visible at a time f om underneath the 1920 n k . s irt . The doll is propelled by hand One copyrighted in by Daddy Lo g k Y . . r N . Legs , U . S . Toy Co p . , , has a detachable stic to facilitate handling

The rotating wheel of legs was used f or a real doll about 1870 . See chap

n t ntu r ter on Dolls of the Ni eteen h C e y . a P per dolls have always been interesting to children , but , as is the case “ ” l v r r cos t . a with other wares , they we e at ﬁ st The earliest fashion p per dolls

- 1798 - k were p rinted on hand made paper . It was not until that a paper ma ing a 18 80 m chine was invented , and not until that improvements in the machine ' of t althou h im rov ements a r reached a high state perfec ion , g p had been m de f om r time to time as the yea s advanced . The price of paper dolls diminished as k r 1 1 a c . 79 Of r the cost of m ing them de eased In , a set the new pape dolls were priced at about today a slim dime will pay for a beautiful booklet of

diﬁ erence dolls in full color , a considerable when one remembers that the value a r of money tod y is much less than it was in earlie times . The popularity of ’ the paper doll has never decreased ; children s literature of the past is full of

m are references to the , and they as eagerly sought today as in the time of great great grandmother .

We hope that before long, the beautiful toy cardboard theatres with their

b ehind col ored cel o hane r - r W e many scenes lighted from p surfaces will e appea . l also hope that some enterprising ﬁrm will bring back the pasteboard toy book

one h r which opened out into four rooms with doors leading from to the ot e , and k on a with pictures and shelves of boo s and ﬁreplaces neatly painted the w lls , 18 90 1868 such as appeared during the s , and , in a simpler form , in , when it

W . was patented by G . Cottrell of Boston ; and the instructive picture gallery of a still earlier date . How beautifully the latter could set off the colored miniature rep roductions of famous p aintings which have been on the market r for some time , especially if it were so a ranged that the pictures , from time

h. . re r to time , could be replaced wit others As visitors to the gallery , dolls p e r senting the artists who painted the pictu es , or those showi ng costumes of DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS various periods in history would add to the interest and instructive value of the toy . r r With an eye to the future , mode n paper dolls should be included in eve y museum interested in such things . There has been a wealth of paper dolls rep

— r W A W . resenting the Second W orld W a the C , the AVE , the Army, Navy, etc , not to mention actresses , singers and others in the public eye . New sets are r k n . ou t constantly appearing o store counte s These sell quic ly , and unless a

k to . record is ept , many interesting types will soon be lost the general public If

- t of every worth while set were saved , dress designers as well as studen s history l u l . and the theatre , in years to come , wo d be gratefu

DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

r k d or a a weight , easily ca ved wood li e white woo sweet gum m de the ide l head ,

was f or a but this out of the question , I w nted to teach an easier method to my

r r gi ls , to whom the time element is impo tant .

t - maché Af er years of exp erimenting , I found that p ap ier in p owder form k mixed with paste ma es a light weight but exceedingly tough product . It can be

k ak a r modeled li e clay, and when dry will t e screw eyes , can be s ndp ap e ed , and

r r or r beautifully ﬁnished with eithe wate oil colo .

’ r r k A puppet s ward obe p esents no great difﬁculties . Many of you li e t o

r of r a are a sew, and sc aps mate i l usually av ilable in every household . Painted

r k k paper beads and cardboa d ma e a jeweled nec lace and crown for royalty . kid f h k and the o old gloves will andsomely shoe a lillip utian ing . ff f r r a Stage sets o er quite a ﬁeld o c eative activity . P inting scenery wi ll

k - prove fascinating to the artists among you . For quic ly made outdoor scenery , r k k r r r trees cut from green ca dboard pinned to a s y bac g ound se ve the pu pose . Plywood and dowel sticks and boxes covered with cloth are a help in making

r ak f urnitu e . A cylindrical salt box with a velvet throw m es a throne ﬁt for a

f a rr one o . queen . Last summer my pup p eteers needed spinning wheel in a hu y

w old k ra l v wood She made it in ﬁve minutes ith spools , a stic and a sc p of p weighted with lead . All of you will want to make the tiny characters come to life on the stage h a . w o at least , that is my experience at c mp Even those do not themselves F r r r r k . o a e ma e marionettes , want to Operate them each play the e two or th ee

: girls back stage two to handle the puppets , the third to manage curtains , seen r ery, music , and sound effects . It is well to have a phonog aph , and you will

f or ﬁnd records especially suitable for marionettes, some actually made them, for many of ou r famous musicians have been keenly interested in p up pets . a Music means a great deal in the production of any play . The g y minuet enlivens a tiny dancer ; a dramatic moment is enhanced a thousand times by ’ “ ” such music as E lgar s Pomp and Circumstance .

We usually have a puppet announ ce the act . He may be a wee fellow in

” “ : tails who bows and struts and calls to the audience Ladies and gentlemen , you are about to behold the matchless performance of one who has come to us ’ “ — — r all the way from Russia , etc . etc . Ladies gentlemen let me p esent ” Madame Petruska Ballerina . (Much handclapping . ) If the announcer is a

on a k- r and m k clown , he stands his hands , b c bends, gestu es clownishly, tries to a e his exit by climbing over the screen .

Our campers have a great time choosing a play . Sometimes they write it

r r of themselves around favorite characters . I will neve fo get how well a trio

- - n r r ten year olds p roduced an original show, o how excited they we e when the a moment came t o Open the curtains . Unable to cont in themselves , they squealed

k a im erf ec and bounced u p and down on the bridge bac stage . A mech nical p r lk k a r tion suggested a play f or one of our ma ionettes . He wa ed li e f og , so ” he took a lead in The Frog Prince . PUPPETS AND How THEY A RE MADE 135

of k Make your ﬁrst play short with plenty action and not much tal , some

k . thing which brings out the special talents of marionettes , li e fairy tales “ ” ’ k t oo Ru mp l es tilts kin is excellent for beginners . Don t try to stic closely to v ou ou re the text . The puppets themselves will Show what is best to do as y ’ of a hearse . Always have a variety speci lty acts to give at a moment s notice , to which take not more than ﬁve minutes perform , something simple and amus ing like the old E nglish folk songs and ballads ; excerpts from A li ce i n W onder

n r . a l a d, Mother Goose hymes , etc Our dancer is most popul r , and the juggler

a prime favorite . These two have entranced many an audience while waiting ’ k k d e . for the play to begin . And on t thin that you cannot ma a marionette

k ou The ﬁrst may not be a marvel of ingenuity , but eep at it , and y will ﬁnd r t hat your skill as artist and puppeteer grows with p actice .

: F or head r - maché r MATERIALS , Prepa ed papier ( arts and crafts shop o

- as . papier maché wall paper p te , paint , ﬂoss for hair k k F r r . o body, Whitewood o white pine bloc s and dowel stic s

F r i nts nd hands - a o jo a , Thin and medium heavy wire , dhesive tape , screw

- k k f or eyes in . wide at the eye for nee and an le j oints , smallest size remainder

of j oints) .

F r hts k a cu t t o weig , Sheet lead (medium thic ness which may be e sily wi h

scissors ) .

: - k r TOOLS Cop ing saw , drill , vise , pliers , pen nife , auge ( convenient but not impe rative )

’ k W rk of a At Puc s o shop , the marionette center C mp Kiwanis , we always k a ak begin a puppet by ma ing the he d ( a) , and while that is drying (it t es a few days) we work on the body

Mix three handfuls of prepared papier - maché with about a cu p of wall k of paper paste , and nead thoroughly until it is a. consistency to model easily .

- k Mold into an egg shaped mass over a dowel stic , leaving about half an inch “ ” k t o k N ow of the stic showing below the small end of the egg form the nec .

- h model the papier mac é gently but ﬁrmly over the neck. The eyes are made by

pressing your thumbs into the dough about half- way between the t op of the

. a r head and the end of the chin Add piece for the nose and chin , and p e haps k r a little for the chee s , and mold carefully and as simply as possible . Ti esome

k f or attention to detail will ma e your puppet face uninteresting , it leaves noth ’ r ing to the imagination . Remembe that a child s head is rounder than an ’ W r adult s . hile modeling , wash you hands frequently, and use paste on the

r - maché r tips of your ﬁngers to smooth the su face of the papier . The ea s should be about the size of the nose and at the same distance from the top of the head . Good proportions for marionettes are seven heads tall f or an adult charac

f or - - ter, six heads a ten year old .

’ If your puppet head has cracked a bit in the process of drying ( don t dry

t oo i r - m h ac é . W it fast ) it can be ﬁlled in w th f esh p apier hen thoroughly dry , sandp aper and paint .

Pa i er- Mach é N e i R ea i n o l t es C O . d Mi ch p v , g, . DOLLS— A GUI DE F OR COLLE CTORS

’ ' s h e e l l e a d

‘ ’ l a c ke d lo he e l

b e n d w . i re agrou n d n a i l s To out l i n e h an d s

' c ov er wi t ' h s lrip s o acl h e s i f v e Tap e

c a r v e Fro nt bloc k

w ith. l imb s cl ow n ; av oi d s l ac k S tri n gs

2 70 D a ra s w i n h o w o a e a a r n e 2 1 A n t r e r f o r mar ( ) i g m ho g t m k m io t t e . ( 7 ) . Co oll

i n a r n e r s w r n s i n ac e . o e t t e . B . M io e t t d e s ed i t h s t i g pl

138 DOLLS -A GUIDE F OR COLLE CTORS

W e r . The r efi ectiv e in use floss for hair rathe than wool latte , although , “ ak a r vites moths and soils easily . M e pa t on the sewing machine with a strip as t o t a of paper above and below the floss so avoid tangling , then s rip the p per r f om the floss .

N ow t r your puppe is ready to d ess .

Costuming a marionette requires careful thought and the best material a a r k r av il ble , because if a pup pet is wo th ma ing , it is wo th the best you can

give it in the way of apparel . If you are not sure of the style of costume which t o r r r r belongs to the period you wish rep esent , consult you nea est libra ian . I

n ave often p urchased in a ﬁv e— and - ten - cent store books showing costumes of

many lands and different periods .

r k k If you wish to design your own puppet clothes , ﬁ st ma e a rough s etch I n k of colors , always eeping in mind the color scheme your stage background . ’ N ow k ' r s k a arm ta e the measu ements of your pupp et nec , shoulders , w ist . length, k k and s irt length , and ma e a pap er pattern . d t Since the strings of the oll p rohibit a change of cos ume , you can sew

the n garment right o the puppet . Clothes should be loose to allow freedom f o . a a a of motion A gr ceful , flowing sleeve is m de with piece cloth doubled , cut ofl k r diagonally, and the small end tac ed on at the shoulde . The edge at this not point does need to be turned in , for when the waist goes on , the latter is in r turned whe e it j oins the sleeve . A straight piece of goods folded flat ff r fi k . ou ru l e r t k ma es collar and cu s Many of dolls have s o lace a nec and wrists .

a a r A co t is made in the s me manne as a plain waist except that it is longer,

the r front is cut at the center all the way up , and the top ends turned ove to k k n form lapels . Colored thumb tac s ma e buttons which do not have to be sew

n a . r o , but if you need tiny buttons , felt is a good materi l to use The e are also

‘ r f s on the market pins with round enameled tops . A st aight piece o good f r k r shirred at the top may be used o the s i t . ’ on r r c Heavy material is ou t of p lace a ma ionette , and underwea isn t ne es r r a f or wh d sa y except under ve y thin materi l , or a dancer o must o some high

- ff or r n k r k . o stepping , bac bends , and twirls Ru les cont asting bands a s i t are ff e ective , and we have transformed many a plain costume by a p retty little lace

edged apron . Make pants by cutting a slit through the middle of a scant petticoat ( not F r k k k too on r r . o scant ) , sew w ong side , tu n stoc ings , ma e a tube of stoc inette , r t on r of tu n it inside ou , and put it ove the foot and leg so that the sole the foot f k n r of t . o is exposed . Tac it o with a st ip adhesive ap e Two pieces thin glove ak th ad leather glued onto the foot form the shoe . M e e sole of the shoe with t r hes iv e tape cut larger than the ou line of the foot , so that it ove laps the leather ff a k . v . and ma es a neat ﬁnish Avoid sti , hea y headgear Dutch caps , peas nt

shawls , and lightweight crowns are all right . l k and The contro ler consists of two stic s of wood , one about six a half inches l on ﬁv e- g, the other four and a half inches , both about eighths inch wide and “

k are or r . thic , which nailed screwed together to fo m a T To this main con PUPPETS AND H ow THEY A RE MADE 139

k of the troller , a stic of wood is added which swings from the under side con ” troller about an inch and a half from the cross of the T . This swinging bar is

- limi about four inches long and th ree fourths of an inch wide and thick. It e

of nates the necessity for a separate controller for the legs , which is immense W r l value in handling a marionette . hen the controller is held in a ho izonta

w of r r position , the bar s ings from the under side by means wi e d awn through k holes ( an inch and a half apart ) in the control stic , and the middle of the bar . Bend your wi re with pliers s o that between the main controller and the bar

there is a sp ace of about on e- fourth inch t o allow free swinging back and forth

with thumb and foreﬁnger . A twist at either end of the wire holds it in place .

r r r w n . Be sure that you nail o sc e o your cross p iece ve y ﬁrmly If you nail it ,

F or k put in two or three nails at least an inch long . stringing we u s e blac and

- k r white ﬁsh line , eighteen pound pull . It ta es about eleven ya ds for one puppet .

or To fasten the head strings , there should be a hole screw eye at either

“ ” r a of ar end of the c oss of the T ; for leg strings , t either end the swinging b ;

f or two k of on hands , directly at the bac the swinging bar the main controller ; f r r r o the bow string , a screw eye at the ve y end (small end ) of the cont oller ; and

f r h r - r o the shoulder strings , two op p osite each ot e about a half inch f om the end

screw eye . W f hen the doll is fully dressed , fasten tiny screw eyes to either side o the ’ f k s k o . head , shoulders , upper part nees , and the small of the pup pet bac ( The r f r r r o . hand will not need sc ew eyes , the string is fastened to the w ist ) Ca e should be taken to put the screw eyes in the right place on either side of the r r r ﬁ head . Hold up you ma ionette by the head with your thumb and fo e nger , t o m insure correct position , and place the screw eyes at the point held by thu b

and foreﬁnger . Set the controller horizontally in a vise a little above elbow height from the r r g ound . Your pup pet should be st ung so that the controller may be held elbow r height from the g ound while the doll is in action . Begin with the head . Fasten “ ” one end of each head string to the screw eye in either side of the head the

” r r of of othe end to the corresponding hole in eithe end the cross piece the T . r Next , fasten the shoulder strings between the sc ew eyes in the shoulder and the

k N ow corresponding screw eyes at the bac of the controller . the puppet is bal anced r r r t di ectly unde the cente of the controller , and can s and erect . “ k a k ” So that he mav wal , f sten the nee strings between the screw eyes in the k n r w nees , and the correspondi g holes at eithe end of the s inging bar . Be ’ r r k sure that the legs hang st aight , but don t have your th ead slac . By holding the controller steady in a horizontal position and swinging this bar back and r fo th with thumb and foreﬁnger , at the same time bringing the controller slowly r a r forwa d with the feet b rely touching the ﬂoor , you marionette can walk in a

very realistic manner . The hand strings are attached between the wrists and the screw eyes at the

k t of bac of the swinging bar , wi hin easy reach your middle ﬁnger . A pull at the a strings brings his h nds into action . The bow string attached between the 140 DOLLS— A GUIDE FOR COLLECTORS

k small of the bac and the screw eye at the end of the controller, when given k r bow r n an upward pull , ma es you pupp et low or me ely nod his head , dependi g upon the force of your movement .

k k r To ma e the puppet sha e his head, turn the cont oller left and right . If

k- you wish him to bac bend, two extra screw eyes will be necessary, one at the of of f base the torso , the other at the center the cross piece o the controller . r s a l f Never fasten you string to the clothing , becau e th t will pu l it ou t o shape .

i n l c p a e.

u e e a a n d u e t an a c e . Fi s t p pp t h d body . Fi s t p pp t w i h h d i n pl

r r W i Use a bodkin to pass the st ing th ough the cloth . hen completely ﬁn shed r k r inse t a cup hoo in the cont oller , so that you can hang up the puppet when k not us e. r r r . in P actice befo e a mi ror To pac , bunch the strings in your han d r r and wrap a ound center of the cont oller, tie with tape and place in cloth bag .

W i ou wi ith th s simple controller , y ll be able in half an hour to handle the r k n ma ionette , but you will need careful practice to ma e every action cou t in f or m giving a play . The greater your love these little people , and the ore time r you are willing to devote to them , the greater your proﬁciency as a puppetee .

ki w k hi s In ma ng dolls and puppets , each individual ill want to wor out

w F or a t o t r f or o n method . that re son , it is well consul you public library

k - r k boo s on the subj ect . A series of four well illust ated boo lets on Hobby rk r a . Craft by Treasu e Chest Public tions , Inc , New Yo , will give other

r f the t k r methods in the const uction o p up pe . Boo I illustrates clea ly how a ’ doll s head is made from a plast er mold .

142 DOL L s — A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

r a r a r r : sho t play , one that brings into ction not mo e th n two o th ee p up p ets a a t ime , is best .

Di rec t ions For Maki nga Hand P u p p et

r Mari onettes f or ak Follow directions given in chap te on m ing a doll head, “ ” or use clay that will not bre ak by mixing powdered asbestos (free from hair

“ t a a a a - a one and lin ) with w llp p er p ste , bout three fourths sbestos to part of paste .

k r a one r Knead it together until it is li e dough . Expe iment , dding ingredient o of t r a d the other , until it is the righ consistency to model , f equently w shing han s k so that the p lastic will not stic to them . Roll dough between the p alms of your “ ” a - a of r h nds into an egg shap ed mass , and at the n rrow end the egg , p ess a hol

a of low cardbo rd tube up into the middle of the mass , so that some the tube will k NVith of stick ou t t o form the nec of the doll . the blade a ﬂexible knif e or k r orange stic , smooth and model . Study your own face in a mi ror to get an k a r idea of prop ortions . Ma e pl ces for eyes by p essing your thumbs about half wa y between the top and bottom of the head , add a little piece for the nose , and dry over a warm radiator for two or three days . If you wish a very smooth a r surface sandpaper well when the head is dry . P int with oil colors or o dinary

w r r k . water colors . This ill not only p ese ve the paint , but will help to eep it clean

k of r r r r r To ma e the tube , roll a piece ca dboa d a ound you forefinge , and r ti e together with st ing . The body is little more th an a bag (see sketch) with an op ening at the k k neckline and p laces f or fingers to stic through . The nec line Should be just d k d . a l arge enough to fit into the nec Of the oll Glue in place , then bind with r hes iv e tape . If the hollow tube is lined with cloth , it will be easie to fasten

e r . ak . a onto the body . M e a simp le dress One may add h nds and legs if d si ed a ak a r The legs can be sewn to the bag underneath the dress . Y rn m es tt active l a a modell ed ff r r a t o k . h ir , but coi u e is mo e e sy ta e care of

T r u t r b a k o op e ate , p you hand into the g so that your forefinger stic s up a the fi r one into the he d of the p uppet , middle nger th ough sleeve of the dress, of and your thumb through the other sleeve . If you do not want the bother ‘ k r k . ma ing hands , the end of your middle finge and thumb ma e easy substitutes “ ” r ak To make the doll nod his head yes , bend your forefinge down , to m e him “ ” r say n o Shake right and left . Practice before a mi ror , and while you are , W rac wiggling your forefinger t r to keep the rest of your hand still . ith p , y

ou . tice , y can really amuse C hapter 19

EXHIBITING DOLLS FOR FUN AND PROFIT

r r adv er N staging a success ful doll show , the ﬁ st thing to emember is that

i i r S of k r r t s ng p ays . You how may be the best thing its ind eve p oduced ; was not . if it is prop erly advertised , it will fall ﬂat This fact brought home forcibly to a pupp eteer in the suburbs of Boston ; one excellent show was given

r a . but since the adve tising was casual , only a few persons c me Shortly after , ’ a second performance was given this time well advertised ; it wasn t as good , k as the ﬁrst , but the place was pac ed .

Get the cooperation of your local newspapers and shop s . Conspicuous posters in store windows are bound to att ract attention . Advertise to the r k r r limit of you ability , ma ing su e , of cou se , that you really have something r a . to dvertise In designing p osters , consult the art teache in your public schools ; have a poster contest and reward the winner . Choose a hall f or disp lay purposes as nearly centralized as possible ; ap rr r f on . o point committees a angements , publicity , etc Dete mine the number

a of t o . tables available , and the number and char cter dolls be exhibited A

e ff hodg podge of dolls on one table might be interesting , but the e ect will be

k are r r— more pleasing if dolls of a ind g ouped togethe antiques on one table , foreign costume dolls on another ; dolls rep resenting p ersons or events on an k of a . other ; dolls made peculi r materials (such as cornhus s , shells , nuts , etc ) a r a n f on nothe , and so on . Have at le st o e group o very large dolls , and another of tinies . k l r Bac grounds for the smallest do ls can be most inte esting . There might

or ou t r a r be rooms corners thereof fitted with wee furnishings , fi ep l ce , pictu es , r f r f r r . o o a chai s , tables , etc , one set figu es ; outdoo scenes for nother . A theatre r wi a ff r f r r g oup th st ge setting O e s a splendid opportunity o an att active display . W x r r At a ashington e hibition a few yea s ago , Claire Fawcett a ranged a tiny theatre with electric light showing through colo red cel op hane as a back ’ r - r g ound to show off her hand ca ved wooden dolls . If you don t have a little

” c an theatre , one be made quite easily with cardboard columns from the cen

ter of rolls of p ap er toweling ; a cut - out cardboard top fastened over the top r k and a cardboa d bac drop , the whole thing painted to suit . Scenes should be DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

r r or k off r in neut al colo s blac to show b ightly colored dresses . Tiny velvet

a r h - W k r dr p es add to the ealism of t e set Up . ays to ma e you p rop s stand will f suggest themselves . An e fective method is strips of lead ( easily cut and bent) r to hold the ca dboard .

ai r ra — and A festive to the whole exhibition is desi ble lights , color music t r f help remendously . A good vict ola is one o the best assets of the amateur f r l r Show . Festoons o b ightly co o ed crepe paper from the middle of the ceiling

a r r re n t to the w lls help when ﬂowe s and fe ns a o available .

r r a . r k a Gua d you t bles well It is human natu e to p ic up and ex mine dolls ,

r — a "— r are tu n them upside down for minute inspection , and al s the e p ersons unthinking enough to dig a ﬁngernail in the face of a precious and irrep laceable

. r r wax doll One p erson at a la ge table is not enough the e should be at least two .

r r and are Camp Fi e Gi ls Girl Scouts always willing to help , but should be f or r ff r a r rewarded in some way thei e o ts . And the giver usu lly gets mo e r n r r ff r p leasu e than the o e who eceives . If your church g oup o e s the use of their

er a of r hall , give them a p cent ge the p oﬁts , of course .

t r a t or r t a A simp le pup p e show , eithe with h nd pup pe s ma ionet es , alw ys r r r a a a . r r att acts . No el bo te setting is necess y Two p e sons op e ating marionettes

s f the a or ﬁs t nl at a convenient p oint will u ﬁce , and h nd pup p et needs o v the

k a r a t o ak l k t r th r r bac of a ch ir o t ble m e him oo de ached f om e ope ato .

n o a . In this connection , a ﬁst p up p et fortune teller might be h nd Have ’ a a the pup pet read visitor s p lm , or the little thing might dive at the b ack of and a a a r the table bring forth c rd esp ecially p rep red beforehand . C a ds appro r r r r p iat e to birth dates or with advice app op iate to anybody are easy t o a range .

A book of fortune - telling tricks from your public library will give you all neces r r sa y info mation . The idea was used most successfully a few years ago at a ’ ’ r gi rls summer camp on Visitors Day . A hoa y p up p et witch with streaming grey woollen locks and a wicked eye looked out from the window of a vine - clad “ t r r cardboard cottage (which hid the p uppe ee ) and called to passe s by , Hi , ’ "W a r r ? W "Y ou ? there nt you fo tune told hat don t believe in such things Now, ” r r r ou will by my sec et , sac ed b ew , the things I tell y come true " And so the

on a r r a of witch went , answering b nte with bante and causing a good de l amuse h h t e . ment . On another occasion , puppets at an ex ibition of dolls stole show

r Fist puppets are SO easy to make that they a e within the reach of all .

r a r . . u A simp le p ocess is expl ined he ewith Try it If time is limited , buy a p p k r r r a or . r r a p et at you local dep rtment toy shop Use eve y t ic to att ct the c owd ,

u t a a r a exhibi p all you h ve into the show , and dve tise well in adv nce , and your ’ tion can t help but be a success .

146 DoL L s — A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS RESTORING TH E OL D DOLL . 147

( 2 5 P a t t e rn . 2 a n d D e c e s s u b e e a t r t . A i s c u t u e 7 ) No . C pi ho ld fold d igh do bl r n a n d a c rs s t c e d w n t h e c e n t e r t e n ﬂ a t t e n a n d f o r bo t h f o t b k , ﬁ t i t h d o of body , h e d n A n e n n a t h e o i s t n s e w n a ro u n d a s i n di c a t e d i n dot t e d li e s . op i g t t p l e ft o t u r t h c o m p l e t e d l n s e o u t . t h e t i s s e w n t o t h e l e a rt a s n c a t e e. body i id F . foo . g p i di d

r w h m . b e c u r a n b u a r s . T a r t t e . I t u y do bl e o e B . migh f om old kid glov s ho ld

a n d t h e t w o e c e s s e w n t e t e r a n . A n e r a n s t t c b e c u t do u bl e. pi og h by h d ov h d i h

i T s a t t e rn i s e s e c a s u t a e t o a a r e . s b e s t . hi p p i lly i bl l g doll DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLE CTORS

2 6 a t t e rn . 3 u e f o r a 1 h n u r a n d a re rs t s e w n t o ( 7 ) P No s d l t e 9t c e t y doll s . B C ﬁ

e t e r t e n a t t a c e t o A a s t t e n e s n c at e . E re re s e n t s t h e t g h , h h d do d li i di p kid boo

w c i s e w n n h e e r D D a n d E a re c u t u e . hi h s o t o t foo t ov . do bl

Chapter 21

COLLECTORS ’ DOLLS PATENTED IN AMERICA

C omp os i t i on or Pap ie r Mac he Dolls Pat e nt ed in t he

UN ITED TATE 1 th n r S S, 9 C e t u y .

1858 — L r r a a . . G eine , Phil delp hi , Pa

18 6 — h k n 6 D. ec e i a C . , M rion , Conn ( composition under wax) .

l 8 2— 7 G. a Benda , Coburg , Germany , ( composition b se ) .

— r k k 1874 W . . r . . E B oc , New Yo , N Y

18 5— 7 E . . a a Pa. S Judge , Phil delp hi ,

18 8 1— r rt a n x F itz Ba enstein , Huttenstein ch , Germany , ( composition u der wa ) .

a maché All the above used p p ier in the composition .

18 — ar rk Y r t u du s t i n t 77 . . s s e o s aw s ead o Laz us Reichmann , New Yo , N , (ﬁ f f ' h m o t o a i r mci i n co s i i n or d oll i n . p p e c é p f s U. S )

18 8 7— s r a r Jo eph Schon , Reichenbach , Silesia , P ussi , Ge many , (heads manu “ f r d f r h r r r k actu e o t e to . . as a inf angible . ﬁ st be adve tised in U S unb e ” able )

(NOTE : Most of the American - made modelled dolls since this time have been of comp osition with sawdust instead of papier maché as the basic

r t a t the r r substance . Imp ovemen s c me wi h yea s , and mode n composition

is at its height . )

l l D ll P t nt e in 19 t h e nt u r C e l u oid o s a e d U. S C y

— r W r a . O . . M t . . C 18 8 1 . C . Leffe s B Ca p enter ( ssigned to Celluloid Mfg , N Y a O . . . C . In 18 80 Celluloid Novelty C of N Y , had been coloring fe tures ,

of celluloid dolls ) .

NOTE : Some dolls made in the United States were not p at ented . Philip

Lerch of Philadelphia is listed ( 18 66 ) as a maker of doll heads . Some “ r ark r Kl a collecto s have dolls m ed Le ch gg, ’ CoL L E C TORs DoL L s PATENTED IN A M E RIC A 15 1

W lk n D ll Pat nt e d in Th s ou nt r 19 t h C e nt u r a i g o s e i C y , y

ll r i m orted rom erm n Chi na heads f or thes e do s we e p f G a y .

— f r Y . o r k . 1862 E . R . Mo rison , New Yor , N , ( p atent calls improvement in k automatic ap paratus for wal ing dolls . ) One dated 18 62 has a beautiful china head with flowers modelled into

k- rk r r 8 6 rk . 1 9 the hair . This wo s by cloc wo mechanism Anothe , ci ca , r propelled by th ee wooden wheels , has a blonde china head (ﬁne ) with

ﬂowers .

— Y . R W . e 1866 . eir , Cohoes , N , (ﬁgur )

— r k N A . W . . . 1869 Nicholson , B oo lyn , Y

— rk r k H . W . . 1873 . C o , B oo lyn , N Y

— k r l 8 5 . . 7 Arthur E Hotch iss , Cheshi e , Conn

— l k W Pe u b et . . 1886 Francis . o , Newar , N J

— k W 96 r a . 18 Hen iett R Hinc ley , aterbury , Conn .

r n D lls Pat e nt d in m r 1 t h nt r C ee p i g o e A e ic a, 9 C e u y

— rk 1 1 . . 87 Robert J . Clay , New Yo , N Y

— k rk 1871 . . . George P Clar e , New Yo , N Y

r n eak n and n n Doll 19 t h nt r P m r C yi g, Sp i g Si gi g s , C e u y ( at . A e ic a)

— Wm r k k 1877 . . . . A Harwood , B oo lyn , N Y Crying and tal ing doll .

— l k k 188 6 VVil i m . a . and J Lynd , Yre a , Cal Spea ing singing doll .

1888 W a . t . o r J cques , Newton , Mass (Assigned Edison Phonog aph Toy r Mfg . Co . ) Doll and Phonog aph combined .

18 93 — r John P . King , Philadelphia , Pa . Automatic c ying doll .

W ax Do lls Pat e nt ed in me r 1 h r A ic a, 9 t C e nt u y .

18 6— D h ki ni r- 6 . ec . a C Fou f ced wax doll .

— 188 1 r a r - a . W x F itz Bartenstein , Huttenstein ch , Ge m ny Double faced a Doll .

1885— W ax Philip Goldsmith , Covington , Ky . doll also com osition but most ( p , r heads were impo ted . )

C e llu lo d Dolls Pat e nt ed in m r i A e i c a, 19 t h C e nt u ry

— 18 8 1 Wm. r r . i O B Ca pente (Ass gned to Celluloid Novelty C . N . Y . celluloid , , ( d r olls we e in use before this date . )

M t al P t m e a . A . 190 1

r 1894 r a r . r C o. N ew Mine va ( in use since ) Ge m n , sold th ough A Vische , rk Yo , N . Y . 152 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

’ C ollec t ors Bi s que - Headed Eu rop ean Dolls Pat e nt ed i n Ameri c a

“ 18 88 — u meau r r a c . Emile J , Pa is , F n e Bebe Jumeau ( Jumeau family in the ar l 84 ’ doll business since the e ly 0 s ) .

18 96— W J . . J r. D Kestner , , altershausen , Germany Symbol a crown with , , r r a st eame s pend nt , adopted at this time . Firm much older than 1896.

- r B or f ldt O e C . rk (Kestner made dolls sold th ough g New Yo , N . Y . ) “ 1902— r rk U . . . Steine , Edmund , New Yo , N Y Majestic (used since

“ ‘ ’ Also A scroll with an eagle p erched th ereon and the word Liliput on ” r the sc oll .

Eu rop ean Fe lt Dolls Pat e nt ed in Ame ri ca

1908 — Gl en en a B renz r Margaret Steiff , g / , Ge many .

C lot h Dolls Pat e nt ed in t he Uni t ed St at e s

— 1868 . k r G . a at t H Haw ins (cloth s tu ed wi h size and p ressed into a mold . Pat f r ent o doll head. )

1873— I zann h \V lk r r a . a e . . r F , Cent al Falls , R D This invention has elation

t o a of a r the m nufacture dolls ; and consists m inly , in the secondary o

f t the or r double stu ﬁng nex to external painted layer , whe eby , with a

fﬁ r a t en dencv of a t t o r k or Off su cient soft su f ce , the the p in c ac s cale is ” obviated .

1 — r k 880 a r Y . Ch rles T . Dotte , B oo lyn , N . , (body only . )

— r a . 1883 a a . b S r h G Robinson , Chic go , Ill , (body only ; j oints st engthened y

the use of buttons . )

— r k r r rk r 18 83 a t a . W t . M r h L elling on , B oo line , Mass (A wi e f amewo inse ted in

head and ends of doll under a st ockinet exterior kep t it in shape . )

— t K . 18 85 C . Philip p Goldsmith , oving on , y , (body only )

— r ck a r . 18 86 a . a C E dw d S Pe S nta l us Doll , (ve y unexceptional )

— I Gu tz ll t a . . 1893 da . e A , I h ca , N Y

— l 1895 r W i ms en a . Berna d , Phil delphia , Pa

NOTE : The Columbia doll and the Chase Stockinet were not patented . ’ y ra manu f ac They are se c ondary collector s items . Man g dolls were ’ t u red f or advertising p u rp oses during the 1890 s and the earlier p art of r of C ox 20 h t . the t cen u y These , with the p ossible exception the Palmer ’ Brownies , are hardly collector s items .

— r r 2 . . 191 Edwa d I Ho seman , Jr

— — r t r a a . . a 1917 . C James P Dunne , hicago , Ill Teddy Roosevelt c ic u e

i 19 t h C e nt u r Ru bbe r Dolls Pat e nt ed n U. S . y

— a t o r 1851 Goodyear . (P tent refers mate ial rather than the doll on which pat

ent is recorded . )

- — r r rk . . . . 1854 1868 Goodyea . Some we e ma ed I R C Co

154 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

DI S TRI C T OF C OL UMBI A

rr a r 1400 W Av Mu ay G lle ies , isconsin e. r W a 2 . a 006 Mrs Lau ters , Florida Ave .

FL ORI DA

r r The Montgomery Siste s , San Ca los House , St . Augustine . ( Summer r P t s k e o . add ess , y , Mich )

W e 325 e Rd . t Lassie Doll Shop , Lincoln , Miami Beach . (An ique and r mode n . )

GE ORGI A

H em ill 115 6 L u llwa er R t d . a Violette p , , Atl nta . r 4 M s . . . a 96 k W a r a A S C mp bell , Par D ive Atl nta . y ,

ILLI N OI S

Richard Smith , Arcola . 5212 r S t . . Doll Shop , S . T oy , Chicago 4510 r Bobbies Hobbies , B oadway , Chicago . ra 2233 W Soup to Nuts T ding Post , . Madison , Chicago . (NOTE : One of the best districts in Chicago to buy antique dolls

the vicinity of the Chicago Historical Society Mus eum . )

104 W t . Goldie Schneider , 7 . Main S , Galesburg , Ill .

a . Bl nche Seltzer , Elmwood

I N DIA N A

n H obb a a 131 a . y , Locust , Ev nsville , Ind i k 1 13 k u s i c 0 . Mrs . Tillie C , Oa ley St Evansville

Twolad r a r . y Shop , Newbu gh , ( L rge gene al line )

613 rk . . W . A . Peden , Pa Ave , South Bend l h 23 . ot S t . . r W . . r r M s . O C awfo d , N , Richmond

2 . r 13 0 . a S t . Ma y Beauvais , E M in , Richmond

W 613 a k . . A . . Peden , P r Ave , South Bend

k r . 4 1 S t . Rose Staley , 3 Middlebury , El ha t

I O WA

5th S t . . r r a a 1001 N O . M s . Be th M ngold , , Burlington

r 5 32 . a . Vi l V Arnett , Box , Nashua r W . . 501 3 rd . Mrs . Agnes Koehn , Ave , S , Ceda Rapids

8 6 4l s t S t . . lli n . 9 A e J Smith , , Des Moines

a 111 . Irma Fitzger ld , Box , Indep endence SHOPS IN AMERICA SELLING ANTIQUE DOLLS 155

I O IVA ( C onti nu ed)

r r J . J . Sha p , Co ydon . ’

r a . s 933 . Mother Ba bour , N Van Buren , M son City

W 612 14 h . . . t t . Della L ells , S , Ft Madison

KA N S AS

’ r 6 3 W a . . Dudgeon s Antique Shop , 0 est Kans s Ave , Pittsbu gh 12 k . r 8 . Mrs Mary Hoove , 6 Van Buren , Tope a 22 h 3 . l 6t S t . . Mrs . T . E . Foster , E , Hutchinson

KE N TUCKY

r Mrs . Lena Wallace , I vine .

rs r 1 M . . . . W F Mor is , Route , Paducah k Antique Shop , Op p . New Castle Hotel , Fran fort . ’ r a A k . No h s , Church Ave , Louisville .

MAIN E

k h k d . Prudence A . Stic ney , S abbat ay La e

MA RYLA N D

r k W r Lillian F an lin , estminste . r 1404 . . Mrs . E . A . Lewis , Camden Ave , Salisbu y rk 222 r r 7 . S t . Elsie Cla Krug , St Paul , Baltimo e ( also sells othe collee r tion dolls ; issues desc iptive pamphlet . ) 2 W r k 10 . . Martha G . Stayton , F an lin St r 8 3 . . . 7 J Ha ris Sons , N Howard St r 8 6 . a . . . 7 S S Taylor , N How d St

( NOTE : Best dist rict to buy antique dolls in B altimore is North Howard

Street . )

MAS S A CH US E TTS

a r 29 r 9 t . Norwell G lle ies , Camb idge S , Boston . r W i h l 1 r . c e ow 79 S t . . Mrs Geo ge , Newbu y , Boston

37 . Doll Hospital , Temp le Place , Boston (NOTE : Best p lace in Boston to buy antique dolls Charles between and r Boston Common the iver . ) rr r . a a W r Mrs Ha y G l nd , orceste . k W Ox Yo e , est Harwich .

r McGee 49 r r S t . . Har iet , No man , Sp ingﬁeld DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

MI CH I GA N

4 . 1 30 r r Mabelle M Graves , G ange Ave . , Ann Arbor . r M lin M s . t ock 1 23 c C 0 . t r , N Fron , Ma quette .

MIS S O URI

Kim ort p , Independence . 2 . . 9 9 . C C Lamb , N College S t . , Neosho . a r 445 9 S t . The S mple , Olive , St . Louis . ’ r 12 h t Morrl s on . Miss T acy s Shop , St St . Louis .

: t (NOTE Best distric in St . Louis , Olive St . )

MI N N E S OTA

a . Midway Antiques , K sson

B ox 427 F r C t . olonial Antiques , , ai mon

N E B RA S KA

5 2 h 11 . 7t t . Myrtle Sunderland , N S , Lincoln . ’ r 1 1 24 h 0 . t S t . a a. D ew s Antique Shop , S , Om h

NE W J E RS E Y

Z n i ni 1 k R e or 144 a d a . a Elizabeth , Buc ingh m , P lisade ( By pp ointment

only . ) r 2 1 r 1 S t . a . Eileen Be mingham , Elm , Cr nfo d

N E W Y ORK

t 1 2 W r PL 09 . Dorothy Ni chman , ave ly , Schenectady k k W 1 h . 6 . Mrs . Z . M . Polloc , 96 . 9t S t , New Yor City r rd 2oth and 60th : . . C . 3 . (NOTE Best dist ict in N Y , Ave between “ ” W h W k e S O . illiams Antique p , oodstoc ( Anything Antiqu ) 1 r r . 0 . F eeman Fa ms Antiques , Glens Falls (List , cents ) r rk I ene M . Lowe , Ki wood .

h l W rn llv ill E t o . o a e. M atson , C

OH I O

t . 4520 . J . E . Nevil , Erie Ave , Cincinna i r r d k 407 . . . Cha les and E ith Patric , N Main , Marion ( Gene al line ) -

4 a S t . . . Dixie Antique Shop , N . M in , Mt Vernon

k. r h 241 W . a S t . Jennie Ba ton Vaug , M in , Norwal

1215 Ave . . Mrs . . . C A Robbins , Hurd , Findlay

Chapter 23

MUSEUM S WHERE DOLLS

MAY BE SEEN

CA LI F ORN I A

L os A ngeles

t o f r o M s . r t r rifﬁ n Annex home Geo ge Bu le G dolls .

S anta A na

r r The Bowe s Memo ial Mus eum .

Ri v ers ide

Mission Inn .

DI S TRI C T OF C OL UMB I A

The N ati onal Mu s eu m .

Tri ni t C olle e C atholi c Uni v ers i t A meri y g , y of ca. “ - a 400 t t W f h W r Hand M de Dolls Ou s anding omen o t e o ld . Collection of i n M n a M . Schmidt . Tri ni ty C oll ege

S mi ths oni an I ns ti tu ti on

Ant ique doll s ( at p resent in st orage )

a t of K achi n ao - of T s n Ethnologic l collec ion god dolls u y a Indians .

Dau ghters of the A meri can R ev ol u ti on t r An ique dolls exhibited pe iodically .

Dep artment of the I nt eri or D lJ Indi an o S .

C ON N E C TI C UT

H artford ’ r — t F Child en s Museum An ique and oreign . MUSEUM S W HE RE DOLLS MAY B E SEEN 159

FL ORI DA

Cl earwater

Public Library .

ILLIN OI S

Chi cago

— W A . Historical Society Costume dolls made by . P . , doll heads rescued from the Great Fire Of 1871 ; ﬁgures representing the life story of

A . braham Lincoln , and others

— University of Chicago Medical dolls .

Rockford

— r Crotty Hobbies Museum Gene al Collection .

IN DI ANA

Greenﬁeld

me W hit com Ja s b Riley Old Home Society .

I ndi anap oli s

’ Children s Museum .

I OWA

Waterl oo

W ee s — l Lassie Doll Hou e General col ection , very large , seen by appoint

ment .

KA N S A S

L awrence f 18 h . o t Thayer Museum Creche dolls the century and general collection .

Paris H i ll

s of B irchﬁ l Sixteen room doll hou e Mary e d .

Portland

r Maine Histo ical Society .

MA RYLAN D

B altimore

Enoch Pratt Free Library .

Peale Museum . a r r Pr tt Lib a y . DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

MA S S A CH US E TTS

B os ton

— Museum of Fine Arts E gyp tian .

s e — The Harrison Gray Oti Hous Antiques . Ol d State House , Bostonian Society .

Brocton

a M . Linwood Fr ser .

Cambri dge f r Mus eum o Children .

Du xbu ry ’ k s Coo Antiques .

F almou th Historical Society

H ans on

The Trading Post .

J amai ca Pl ain

’ m— The Children s Museu Antiques .

Marbl ehead

— Lee Mansion Mu seum dolls belong Historical S ociety .

N orthamp ton Forbes Library

Provi ncetown

r Histo ical Museum .

Plymou th Antiquarian Society

Q u i ncy r r Public Lib a y .

S al em

Essex Institute .

S p ri ngﬁeld r Mus eum of Natural Histo y .

W enham

Historical Society .

W es tﬁeld ’ r The Children s Libra y .

W orces ter

’ — Dolls Paradise Museum P rivately owned .

DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

OH I O

Ci nci nnati

A rt s Mu eum.

C l ev el and f Cleveland Mus eum o Art .

Tol edo

Costume dolls— Faces all similar ; beautiful period costumes from the l th 1 15 o century to 9 .

PE N N S YL VA N IA

Phi ladelp hi a

of of a— i l Museum the University Pennsylvani antique , foreign and reg ona .

— 2 Franklin Institute writing automaton 00 years Ol d .

Pi tts b urgh

r — r Ca negie Museum gene al collection .

UTAH

S alt L ake Ci ty

— Central State Capitol small collection .

VE RMON T

S p ri ngﬁeld

— Town Library gen eral collection .

VIRGIN IA

Ri chmond

— Virginia Historical Society small collection .

— Conf ederate Mus eum small collection .

WIS C ON S I N

Madis on

University of Wisconsin .

Wis cons m State Historical Mus eum.

Milwau kee

Publi c Library . Chapter 24

BIBLIOGRAPHY — DOLL S

— hl i THE FAS CINATING ST ORY OF D OLLS Janet Pagter JO . H . L . L nd

k . Y . 1 41 quist , New Yor , N , 9 .

— DOLLS AND PUPPE TS Max von B oehn (translated by Josephine Nicoll ) . 2 193 . George G . Harrap Co . Ltd . , London , Bombay and Sydney,

— rk 1 2 t f . 9 7. DOLLS Esther Singleton ( ou o print ) New Yo ,

— k 1908 . r ou t of . THE D OLL BO OK Lau a B . Starr ( print) New Yor ,

’ — ou t of . QUEEN VI CT ORIA S D OLLS Frances H . Low ( print ) George 1894 E . Newnes , Ltd . , London , ngland ,

’ CHILDREN S T OYS OF BYGONE DAYS — Karl Grober ( translated by Phili p 2 r r k 193 . He eford ) . B . T . Batsfo d , Ltd . , London and New Yor ,

’ — m . CHILDREN S T OYS OF YE STERDAY edited by C . Geoffrey Hol e The an d k 1932 Studio Ltd . , London New Yor , .

’ E T — H d A ll m n 19 3 U S . . e a e 0 . HISTOIRE DE S JO R g , Paris ,

— H E Trim 1 3 6. T e . 9 ST ORY OF MY DOLLS Alice p y Racine , Wisconsin ,

- hi N a . D OLLS OF MANY LA DS Mrs . Mary Hazelton Wade ( Blanch rd) C

1913 . cago ,

’ — W . THE BO OK OF THE QUEEN S D OLL HOUSE Laurence D . eaver 2 1 24 s 9 . ( Vol ) , London ,

’ ’ — EVERYBODY S BOOK OF THE QUEEN S D OLL H OUSE Arthur C . 1 2 9 4. Benson . London ,

E — LIBRARY OF THE QUEEN S DOLL HOUS Arthur C . Benson .

— i r . a e . k 1936 DOLLS ON DISPLAY (Japanese Doll Festival ) G. C g New Yor ,

’ W — - ri h k 3 W . VV t . 192 . PEEPS AT THE ORLD S D OLLS Canning g New Yor ,

’ — k. r i i O . COLLE CT OR S LUCK Alice Van Leer Carric Ga den City Publ sh ng C , Y 1 23 Garden City, N . . , 9 .

N — n DOLL S OF FRIE DSHIP Committee o World Friendship Among Children . rk 2 New Yo , 19 9. 164 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLE CTORS

— . 1 35 WORLD FRIENDSHIP Gertrude King Boston , 9 .

AND — . k . 1 31 T OYS T OY MAKERS James S Tippett New Yor 9 . ,

— F ezendi e rk 1 37 THE LAND OF T HE LOST DOLLS Hector . New Yo 9 . ,

— a N ew k . 1930 FLOATING ISLAND Anne P rrish Yor , .

’ S — . 1937 A D OLL FAMILY ALBUM Edna Knowles King Chicago , .

— W . 1938 . D OLLS (An Anthology) Julia Robinson isconsin ,

— — n HITTY HER FIRS T HUNDRED YEARS Rachel Field . The Macmilla k Y r o. 2 C . . 19 9 4 , New Yor , N , ﬁ st issue , ; last issue , 19 1 .

’ — SANDMAN S STORIE S OF DRUSILLA DOLL Abbie Phillips Walker . r 2 s A . 19 0 Ha per Bro , U . S . , .

RA CKE TTY PA CKE TTY — k HOUSE Frances Hodgson Burnet . New Yor , 1906 .

W N — rk 1926 THE LITTLE OODE D OLL Margery Williams Bianco . New Yo , .

W N — E . n 1893 T E TY LITTLE MAIDENS Amy Bla chard . Philadelphia , .

TH E L ON E S OME S T — i i o D OLL Abbie Farwell Brown . Houghton M ffl n C . , N w k N Y e . . Yor , ,

— 1 18 . 9 . LITTLE JEAN Helen D Brown . Boston ,

— 1 3 POLL COLOGNE Abby Morton Diaz . Boston 9 0 . Y ,

— W . MEMOIRS OF A LOND ON D OLL Clara . Hunt ( Editor ) The Macmillan rk 25 C o. 19 . , New Yo , ( Copyright ,

N — r r ll 1909 Mo e . . D ONKEY JOH OF T OY VALLEY Ma ga et y Chicago ,

— r k 1930 . RA G . THE LITTLE D OLL Ethel Calvert Phillips New Yo ,

TW — T r h k O e es a . N ew A D OLL , CHILDREN AND THREE STORKS Yor , 1 3 9 8 .

— E P PEE 864. TE O S l . r . 1 L T RS DE DEUX U Par M le Julie Gou aud Paris ,

( Out of print . )

— of m AMERICAN MADE D OLLS FIGURINES The Doll Collectors A erica, 1 4 1944 s 9 0 . Inc . , Boston , Mas , ; reprint

SUPPLEMENT TO AMERI CAN MADE D OLLS AND FIGURINES — The 42 f . s 19 . Doll Collectors o America, Inc , Boston , Mas ,

— Y E . s N . . CAVAL CAD OF T OYS Ruth and Larry Freeman Century Hou e , , 1 42 9 .

’ I I — nn ll 13 N IA T R A Do e . . 7 M U Georgene O ( Tiny Dolls , pp

— 1 3 R . . 9 9 . D OLLS THE WORLD OVE Elizabeth Hooper Baltimore , Md ,

— 1941 m . . A ME RICAN HISTORICAL D OLLS Elizabeth Hooper . Balti ore , Md ,

DOLLS A GUIDE F OR COLLE CTORS

N N — 1923 I D IA D OLLS Science Oct . . , ,

N N — 1 2 T OYS OF AMERI CA INDIA S Science , Jan . , 9 3 .

— 1 2 D OLLS OF ALL NATIONS The Mentor, Dec . , 9 1 .

E - — 21 . SOM FRENCH T OYS OF T O DAY The International Studio , April , 19

AN D — r 1 1 THE CHILD THE T OY The Spectato , Dec . , 9 9 .

— ART IN T OYS The International Studio , Dec . , 1917.

’ N E W DOLL S4 The W r W rk 1 1 THE E RA IN o ld s o , Dec . , 9 6 .

N — 1 15 9 . TOYS BY A RUSSIA ARTIST The International Studio , July,

- — M k 21 . . . 19 THE USE OF D OLLS IN CHILD TRAINING A Lowe New Yor , .

— k . 1881 . T OYS AND T OY MAKIN G J . Lu in

- w k 2 MA N FA T RE . 1 1 T OY U C U J . T Ma inson . 9 .

— ff A Matzdor . OLD D OLLS OF THE ORIENT . The International Studio , 1 2 9 3 . Sept . ,

’ - — E N . . 1 19 1 . T OY MAKING IN GERMA Y Merriam Harper s Bazaar, Jan ,

— W l SACRED D OLLS OF THE ITALIAN CHRISTMAS . Mil s . House and 1 2 9 9 . Garden Dec . , ,

— k 1 W . . . 901 HIST ORY OF CHINESE PORCELAIN C Mon house .

’ — W r 1 M. . . 19 1 . CHARACTER D OLLS Mount Ha per s Bazaar, Nov . ,

’ — 2 M . a . 1 CHRISTMAS D OLLS . Munn The Ladies Home Journ l , Dec , 9 9 .

E — 1806 LE S JEUX DE LA P OUP E Paris , .

H E R — 5 T E . . . 191 . T OY S OLDIE C Parsons The Educational Review, June ,

— 1 2 C . . . . 9 8 . ID OLS IN HOPI WORSHIP S Pearson The Mentor , Sept , ME PA E RE W S KI ’ M . D S D OLLS ; designed and made by Polish young people 1 15 to help their native land . The Craftsman , Oct . , 9 .

— k 2 k 1 6. . 9 FOLK BELIEFS OF THE SOUTHERN NEGRO Puc ett New Yor ,

- - — R k 2 E . . . 19 1 . LOT T PRITZEL PUPPEN M Ril e Munich , FUNE RAL E FFIGIE S OF THE KINGS AND QUEENS OF ENGLAND h l 1x 1 A rc aeo o i a 907. Robinson . g , ,

- — S OME E IGHTEEN TH CENTURY T OYS M. Robinson . The Connoisseur, 2 19 6. Oct . ,

— I h W . S eab . T OYS AT THE W HITE CHAPEL ART GAL LERY A . y The

n l 1916. rnati o a . t e Studio , Sept ,

— F TH E E DUCATIONAL VALUE OF D OLL PLAY . B . Sherbon . American

1 27. Chi ldhood , Feb . , 9 BIBLIOGRAPHY— DOLLS 167

- — f F . o JAPANESE T OYS AND T OY C OLLE CT ORS . Starr Transactions 1 26 f . 9 . the Asiatic Society o Japan , Dec ,

— L . THE EDUCATIONAL VALUE OF D OLLS . B . Starr The Pedagogical

1909 . Seminary , Dec . ,

— r r FOUNDATION FIGURINE S AND OFFERINGS E . D . van Bu en . Be lin , 1 3 1 9 .

— N . P. LES JOUJOUX : LEUR HIST OIRE , LEUR TE CH IQUE Calmettes 1 24 9 . Paris ,

- N — L l re i 1894 E T : . a t e. . LE S JOU S HIST OIRE FABRI CATIO C Paris ,

— L r of 193 1 . E SKIMO T OYS . M . C emeans . Journal Home Economics , April ,

— 22 S . . . 19 . THE STORY OF A JAPANESE D OLL Culin Asia , Oct ,

— 190 . W . . 6 LE S STATUE S DE TERRE CUIT S EN GRE CE Deonna Athens ,

— LA RENAISSANCE DE LA POUPE E FRANCAISE J . Doin . Gazette des

1 14- 1 9 6 . Beaux Arts,

— r k . of JOIN TED D OLLS IN ANTIQUITY K . M . Elder in Ame ican Journal r 1930 . A cheology, October ,

— A . . . l r A STUDY OF D OLLS C . Ellis and G S . Hall Pedagogica Semina y , iv ,

W r r - s 1896 97. o ceste , Mas ,

— W F wkes r f u r DOLLS OF THE TUSAYAN INDIANS J . . e , Internat . A chiv . hn r E t o 1894. g . vii ,

— r dz n ka. TH E STUDY OF D OLLS AMONG POLISH CHILDREN A . G u i s

a . 190 The Pedagogical Semin ry , Sept , 7. “ — M . 191 THE TRUTH HISTORY OF D OLLS . Harris 3 .

— k . 3 M. . . 19 0 . BUSH NEGRO ART J Hers ovits Arts Monthly, Oct ,

’ — k a CHRISTMAS D OLLS FROM RUS SIA U . N . Hop ins . The L dies Home 1 1 9 3 . Journal , Dec . ,

— THE ST ORY OF D OLLS TELLS THE ST ORY OF MANKIND W . Hough . W 1 2 9 7. The orld Review , Dec . ,

— R k 1923 . INDUSTRIAL ART IN T OYLAND . L . Jen ins . Arts Monthly , June ,

T — N 1932. HEBA TOYS Dorothy Johnson . The Fortnightly Review , July ,

— P . . 1 2 ON D OLLS Kestner The International Studio 9 3 . ,

’ W — PLAYING ITH THE CHRISTMAS D OLL Kathe Kruse . The Ladies r 1914. Home Jou nal , Jan . ,

’ : - — THE CHILD S D OLL ITS ORIGIN , LE GEND , AND FOLK LORE E . 1915 Lovett . .

ST . NI CHOLAS MAGAZINE S , Bound Volumes from 1874 into the 2oth cen r r . o. k tu y Sc ibner C , New Yor , N . Y . 168 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

-S DAUGHTER OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION MAGAZINE : Oct . , 1 3 1934 9 3 . 1 A u 938 . 1 42 9 . 1 42 ; Sept , ; g, ; Nov , ; Dec , 9

TW O CENTURIES OF AMERI CAN C OSTUME — Florence Sevill e

a - e k Berryman . (p pier mach manni ins by Remo B u f ano) REVOLUTIONARY FIGURE S AND S CE N ES LIVE AGAIN IN NE W

— r r FORM Thomas M . Johnson ( desc ibes the ﬁgu es made by Dwight k Fran lin . )

— r U . TREASURE S OF OUR M SEUM Helen S Johnson . ( desc ibes child r r r and doll in the po t ait of Ma y Lightfoot by John W ollaston . )

— W r THE ROMANCE OF OLD D OLLS Helen Siebold alte .

— W r TREASURE S OF OUR MUSEUM Rosalind ight . ( describes two r 19th r ea ly century dolls f om the Museum ) .

— k. t r T OMB FIGURE S OF OLD CHINA Helen Comstoc In e national Studio , 2 an . 19 5 . J ,

— r W G G . . . NINGPO O OD CARVIN S Edwa d Day International Studio , Jan , 1925 .

— a k 2 1 5 . 4 7 9 . BRIDE D OLLS Mary Lewis Pic Mag zine , New Yor , Feb . ,

A D OLL H OUSE AND A FAMILY OF PAPER D OLLS — Marian Early Lip r N i ncott . . p , Me chantville , J

N — s f rt THE I DEX OF AMERICAN DE SIGN The Metrop olitan Mu eum o A , k New Yor .

— HIST ORY OF T OYS Dorothy Neville .

’ — F k r r s k 32 19 . TOYS OF OTHER DAYS . N . Jac son . Sc ibne , New Yor ,

’ — P . . 1933 . CHILDREN S BOOKS OF YESTERDAY James Studio , London ,

’ r f r 1859 . GODEYS LADY S BO OK o November . (pape dolls )

’ 1 3 W W o. 9 . . . C WILS ON S LIBRARY BULLETIN for December, 4 H ilson ,

k 1908 . New Yor ,

— r u h . . H OW T O DRE SS A D OLL Ma y H . Morgan . Henry Altem s , P ila , Pa 1 08 0 . 9 .

’ — k 1 43 Z r h N ew 9 . LE T S MAKE MORE THINGS Hary a oy . Knopf, Yor ,

— R k 1941 . TH E H OME TOP SHOP Nina . Jordan . Harcourt Brace, New Yor ,

— rt HOMEMADE D OLLS IN FOREIGN DRESS Nina R . Jordan . Harcou

Brace .

— r AMERI CAN D OLLS IN UNIFORM Nina R . Jordan . Ha court, Brace Y 42 19 . C o. , N . . ,

— AMERICAN COSTUME D OLLS : How t o Make and Dress Them Nina R .

Jordan . Harcourt Brace .

Chapter 25

MUSIC COMPOSED FOR D OLLS

T — MARIONET E OPERAS Haydn .

— V V r . a MARIONETTE OPERAS J . Lawrence . The Musical Qu terly , April . 1924 .

TH E W — P ldini ALTZING D OLL o .

TH E F TH E — WEDDING O PAINTED D OLL Brown .

TH E — r DOLL DANCE B own .

H E W W — T GOLLI O G CAKE ALK Debussy .

E F R A — SERENAD O D OLL Debussy .

OF TH E — Ri k DANCE CHINESE D OLLS b ov .

— k DANCE OF THE RUSSIAN D OLL Tschai owsky .

— k k MARCH OF THE TIN S OLDIERS Tschai ows y .

— MARCH OF THE T OYS Victor Herbert .

— Pi ern MARCH OF THE LITTLE LEAD SOLDIERS e.

— THE FUNERAL MARCH OF A MARIONETTE Gounod .

’ — THE D OLL S DANCE Bizet .

’ — THE DOLL S CRADLE S ONG Bizet .

— r k LULLABY T O A D OLL F an Black.

— ff D OLL SONG from TALE S OF H OFFMAN O enbach .

— k PE TROUCHKA SUITE Stravins y .

— PARADE OF THE W O ODEN S OLDIERS Jessel .

— THE TIN GEE GEE Cope .

’ T Y AK — O M E R S DREAM Ernie Golden .

N — PI O CCHIO ( From the Walt Disney motion picture see Victor catalog) .

- — lazo now . MARIONET TES G u ( See Victor Catalog, Marimba Records)

“ ” — — D OLL DANCE ( See Victor Catalog Nacio Herb Brown ) .

’ ’ — — — D OLL S SONG ( See Victor Catalog Olympia s Aria Tales of Hoffman ) . MUSIC COM POSE D F OR DOL L S 171

’ — l WALTZ OF A TEEN IE DOLL from FIVE MINIATURE S I au White .

( See Victor Catalog) .

’ DOLLY, YOU RE AN ANGEL ( See Decca Catalog . Voice of Sybil Jason , aged

CHINA D OLL PARADE ( S ee Decca Catalog) .

’ RAGGEDY ANN S SUNNY AND JOYFUL S ONGS — Johnny Gru ell e ; Will ' 1 — Ra W oodin ; Charles Miller . Part . My Raggedy Ann ggedy Ann

r k — W — B eli nd F ederi a Little Wooden illie Beloved y . ( See Decca Catalog ) . Chapter 26

LITERATURE ON PUPPETS

ON THE ART OF THE THEATRE ; PUPPET S AND POETS ; A SET OF PLAYS FOR MARIONE TTE S ; THE THEATRE ADVANCING— E d a ward Gordon Craig . ( Also m gazines THE MASK ; THE MA RION

' r b M . a ETTE , p ublished y Cr ig in Italy . )

— r k A HANDB OOK OF FIST PUPPETS Bessie Alexander Ficklen . Frede ic k k Y 1935 . A . Sto es Company, New Yor , N . . ,

A REPERT ORY OF MARIONE TTE PLAYS (Also a Year Book on Puppetry

— h l n 1930 a McP ar i . f p ublished since ) P ul The Puppeteers o America ,

t . 1929 . Detroi , Mich ,

— HEROES OF THE PUPPET STATE Madge Anderson . Harcourt Brace , 2 19 3 .

— H im n k 2 a a . 19 0 A BOOK OF MARIONE TTE S Helen Joseph Vi ing Press , ; 1930 .

PUPPE TS AND SHADOW S : A BIBLIOGRAPHY— Grace Greenleaf Ran

1931 . some ,

— ni PLAYABLE PUPPE T PLAYS B ruce Inverarity . Mimeographed by U

f \ a 1934 . versity o Vashington , V ncouver ,

— r r 1 2 m . 9 6 . PUPPE T PLAYS Alf ed Krey bo g French ,

W B FAN — B f no 2 U O u a . 19 9 . THE SHO BOOK OF REMO Remo Macmillan ,

W 1927 1930 THE PEEP SHO , ; VAGABONDS AND PUPPETS , ; PUPPETS IN 1931 W 1933 H OW YORKSHIRE , ; A SUSSEX PEEP SHO , ; T O

— \V W t W k . k k MAKE A PUPPET SHO al er il inson Frederic A . Sto es

C o.

— r r r r o. T HE B OOK OF PUPPETS Munge and Elde . Loth op , Lee Shepa d C ,

t 1935 . Bos on , Mass ,

— k k . MARIONETTE S , EASY T O MAKE , FUN T O USE Edith Flac Ac ley 2 k . t k 19 r 9 . Frede ic A S o es C o. ,

DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

- W — C rr PLAY RITING FOR THE PUPPET THEATRE u ent Opinion , May 2 19 1 .

— 1 2 ALI CE IN PUPPET LAND The Independent , Feb . , 9 1 .

’ DRAMA ON STRINGS : TONY SARG S MARIONETTES IN RIP V AN

W — k 2 INKLE The Outloo , Dec . , 19 0 .

N E W OF TH E — v A 192 u 0 . ANIMATION INANIMATE THEATRE ogue , g,

W — C r MOVIES IN THE TIME OF ILLIAM SHAKESPEARE ur ent Opinion , 1920 May, .

’ R — r r DOLLS KNO CKING AT THE ACTORS DOO The Lite a y Digest , May , 1 1 9 9 .

— — INDIAN MARIONETTES AT HASKELL INSTITUTE r Sibyl M . Malm . 1 3 9 6 . School Arts , Nov . ,

’ H OW PUPPETS SURPAS S OUR HUMAN ACTORS : T ONY SARG S MAR

I N E TTE — rr O S 1918 . Cu ent Op inion , Ap ril ,

W E Y — f ARE FORGETTING PUNCH AND J UD t The Review o Reviews,

an . 1918 J , .

THE PARAD OX OF THE PUPPET : AN EXTINCT AMUSEMENT BORN

W — r 1914 ANE Cu rent Opinion , Jan . , .

— rr 1 19 6 . REVIVAL OF THE PUPPE TS Cu ent Opinion , July ,

— Th . 1915 W e . PUPPE T ARFARE IN FRANCE Literary Digest , Nov , THE MOST IMMORTAL CHARA CTER EVER SEEN ON THE STAGE n 1 14 a . 9 . Current Opinion , J ,

— TH 1913 . THE RE TURN OF E MARIONETTES Current Opinion , March ,

— 1902 THE PARISIAN PUPPET THEATRE The Scientiﬁc American , Oct . ,

— A PUPPET SHOW AT THE PARIS EXHIBITION ( The Scientiﬁc Amer 1 900 . ican , Nov . ,

— — r 1894. A GREEK PUPPE T SHOW All The Year Round , Ma ch ,

- — W a 1885 . PUPPE T SHO S The S turday Review, March ,

’ — 185 r 7. POPULAR PUPPET S Chambe s Journal , Feb.,

’ — r U C . PUPPE TS , RELIGIO S AND ARISTO CRATI C hambers Jou nal , Dec , 1856 .

’ — 85 r . 1 6 . THE HARLE QUINADE Chambe s Journal , Nov ,

’ — 5 k r 18 4. P UPPE T S OF ALL NATIONS Blac wood s Magazine , Ap il ,

— r 1852 W . . THE PEDIGREE OF PUPPETS Household o ds , Jan ,

’ THE HIST ORY OF PUPPET SHOW S IN ENGLAND — Sharp e s London

r 1851 . Journal , July, Decembe ,

’ — ar and 1845 . CAS S E TA DE BURATTINI The Penny Magazine , M ch Ap ril, LITERATURE ON PUPPETS 175

’ — r . PUPPE TS ANCIENT AND MODERN Ha per s Monthly , Dec , ,

’ — 1879. GUIGNOL S . G . Young . Lippincott s Magazine , August ,

— 2 R W 19 1 . PUPPE TS AND PUPPETEERING . K . ood , The Mentor , April ,

— r 1 E W r 930 . MARIONE TTE S AT CAMP . H . ood , The Playg ound , Ma ch ,

- — W . . THE C URIOUS PUPPET SHOWS OF CHINA G. imsatt Travel , Dec , 25 19 .

— W L W . TEACHING S CHOOL W ITH PUPPETS . G . hitmire The orld Re 28 19 . view , March ,

— L 1927. ITALY SENDS US MARIONETTES . Whipple . The Survey, April ,

’ — l 2 H W Whans aw 19 3 . EVERYBODY S THEATRE . . ,

— 2 19 4. THE MARIONETTE THEATRE OF JAPAN Our World , April ,

— — h 2 19 9 . H W W l N ov . PUPPE T S O S C . F . el s . The Playground , ,

— F W k . C . . . MARIONE TT ES , QUAINT FOLK Wells The orld Outloo , Oct , 1 917.

P - — I W r UPPET PLAYS FOR CHILDREN . eed . The Centu y Magazine , March, 1 1 9 6 .

- — W W . PUPPET SHO S FOR PRIMARY GRADES M. O . alters Primary E du 25 19 . cation , Sept . ,

— N E W r 1924. A FIELD FOR MARIONET TE S G. Underhill . D ama , March ,

— W w 2 . . N e 19 3 . MARIONE TTE OPERA J Turner . The Statesman , May ,

MARIONETTE FURIOS O : A MARIONE TTE - SHOW IN THE H OUSE OF 2 . r 19 9 . MANTE O The Theat e Arts Monthly Dec . , ,

F — P a S OME MAGI CAL PLAYS OR SAVAGE S . A . Talbot . The Strand hI g 5 azine , June , 191 .

— A m . AN APOLO GY FOR PUPPETS . Sy ons The Saturday Review , July, 18 97.

— H O . . k . 1 26 9 . PUPPET AND CONDUCT R Straus The Nation , New Yor , Feb ,

- — T 1 3 . . 0 A BOOK OF MARIONETTE PLAYS Sarg and A Stoddart , 9 .

- — A THE RENAISSANCE OF THE PUPPE T PLAY . Stoddart . The Century 1918 Magazine , June , .

— R 18 8 MEMORIE S AND PORTRAITS . L . Stevenson , 7

’ W — W . . HOME PLAYS ITH PUPPET S Smith The Children s Royal Dec . , , 1 21 9 .

M - - — W H . ARIONE TTE S , THE EVER POPULAR PUPPET SHO S . Sibley ,

u N ov . 1 08 S nset , , 9 . 176 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

— TEACHING HISTORY BY PUPPETS J . H . Shults . The Kindergarten 1 Magazine , Sept . , 908 .

AN D — E . k . k N ov . 1 2 PUPPETRY LIFE Shan s The Outloo , , 9 3 .

Z W — S . . h 2 C E CH PUPPET S ITH A HIST ORY Schell Shadowland, Ja . , 19 3 .

A R - — M. MA IONETTE PLAY IN FOUR ACTS J . Saunders . The School Arts 1 an . 931 Magazine , J ,

TH E N G — T r 2 . . k 1 1 T O Y SAR MARIONETTE BOOK Sa g New Yor , 9 .

— A . BOOKS ABOUT MARIONETTES Sandford . Library Journal , N ov . , 192 9.

— G. R h n r u t e . Th THE GOOSEBERRY MANDARIN D . bu g e Theatre Arts 1928 Monthly, July, .

‘ U W — E THE MOST POP LAR PLAY IN THE ORLD . Russell . Outing Mag

‘

ah . 1908 . azine , J ,

’ A PR F IL E - W — A O . . PUPPE T SHO Roze The Scientiﬁc American , May , June , 1910 .

’ - W TW — V r A PUPPE T PLAY HICH LAST S O MONTHS . Rousseau . Ha per S k 1 908 . Wee ly, Oct . ,

— 22 C . . 19 . PULCINELLA Roberts The Living Age , April ,

’ — L 1 1 9 . KREYMBORG S MARIONETTES . Ridge . The Dial , Jan . , 9

— k 1 2 9 9. PLAYS FOR PEOPLE AND PUPPETS C . Reighard . New Yor ,

— l r r THE PUPPET T HEATRE Peter Q u enne l . A Supe ﬁcial Journey Th ough k k 1 2 93 . To yo and Pe ing , London ,

— V . L . . RISE OUTE K , A PUPPE T THEATRE IN PRAGUE M Powell The

b . 1 3 r 9 0 . Theatre A ts Mont y, Oct ,

- — l H W PLAY A E Po s s on 1907. S ADO s . . u . St . Nicholas , July,

— 2 H k 190 . M W . . . ARIONETTES Polloc The Saturday Review , Aug ,

— L W a A ND P T F . . UN U O . . P CH JUDY DATE Pierce The orld Today, M rch 1 1 9 1 .

- — r E . . THE TRAIL OF THE LONG NOSED PRINCESS Petty D ama , April , 1 28 9 .

— THE ORIGIN OF PUNCH AND JUDY J . Pennington . The Mentor , Dec . , 1 24 9 .

— E . MARIONETTE S A N D PUPPET SHOW S PAST AN D PRESENT C . ’

P ix r s 1903 . e otto. Sc ibner Magazine , March ,

— 17 r 19 . W A . THE PUPPETS ARE COMING T O TO N . Patte son The Theatre ,

178 DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

— H a . THE FAUST OF THE MARIONETTES . S . M cdowall The Living Age , 1901 Feb . , .

W W — D h . Mac art . MARIONE TTES AND AX ORKS C y The New Statesman , 1 2 April , 9 3 .

’ E XTE R — S L . L z w k o o i c . a r MARIONETTE S The The t e Arts Monthly , July, 192 8 .

— L THREE PUPPE T PLAYS FOR A RURAL S CHOOL . S . Lovett . The r n . 1 School A ts Magazine , Ja , 93 1 .

— 1930 . THE MARIONETTE CONGRESS , , LIEGE , BELGIUM M. Levin The r 1 . 931 . Theat e Arts Monthly , Feb ,

M — W . . . 21 . ah . 19 . T HE I MORTAL MR PUNCH J Lawrence The Living Age , J ,

- — A r 1923 PUPPET PLAYS . K eymborg , .

W — r r . A . a Oct RITING FOR PUPPETS K eymbo g The The tre Arts Monthly ,

1923 .

r ll — H Mc o es t er . A MARIONE TTE THEATRE (t anslation by D . M . C ) von r rt 1 28 Kleist . The Theat e A s Monthly , July, 9 .

— Z 2 a 19 5 . KABUKI . Kinc id ,

— 2 Z r r 19 9 . PUPPET S IN JAPAN . Kincaid . The Theat e A ts Monthly , March ,

— 25 1 2 . D . N ov . 19 9 7 PUPPETS . B . Kalb The School Arts Magazine , , , June ,

- — r I D B . Th . e ROBINS ON CRUSOE N SHADOW LAND . Kalb School A ts Ma 193 1 Magazine , y , .

— A . . MARIONETTE S EXTRAORDINARY . M Jungmann The Popular 18 19 . Science Monthly , March ,

— 22 2nd H 19 . A BOOK OF MARIONETTES . H . Josep h , ( ed ALI BABA AND O THER PLAYS FOR YOUNG PE OPLE OR PUPPETS 2 k 19 7. H . H . Joseph . New Yor , 1923 r r . (Articles by Josep h on pupp ets in the Theat e A ts Monthly , Oct , , 2 19 4 . Aug . , Aug

— a L B . MARIONETTE S OF LITTLE CICILY . . Jerome New Engl nd Maga 1 1 9 0 . zine , Feb . ,

— r k . INDUSTRIAL ART IN TOYLAND R . L . Jen ins A ts and Decoration , 1 22 9 . Dec . ,

— a k . M A PRACTI CAL PUPPE T THEATRE O . L . Jac son The School Arts g 1 24 9 . azine , May ,

W HERE THE PLAYERS A RE MARIONETTES— A LITTLE ITALIAN

— r r THEATRE IN MULBERRY STREET E . I win . The C aftsman ,

1907. Sept . , LITERATURE ON PUPPE TS 179

W IDO\V POLI CHINELLE : OUR FIRST TRAGEDIENNE ADDRESSE S ’ — 1 c . 19 3 . HER AUDIENCE J . Irvine . Lippin ott s Magazine , Feb ,

’ - — at u MASTER PE TER S PUPPET SHOW D. Hussey . The S rday Review , 2 19 4 . Nov . ,

- — t H rok v a. at r CZE CHOSLOVAK PUPPET SHOW S S . B . o The The e Ar s 2 th h . 19 3 . Mon ly , Ja ,

— M r . t . THE MARIONET TE THEATRE IN ITALY . Hol oyd The Na ion , Sept , 1922 .

’ I N — r r W k M G. . a PUPPE T PERFORMANCES GER ANY Hi sch H per s ee ly ,

1916 . Ap ril ,

— rt THE THEATRE OF ONCE UPON A TIME M. Hill . Kinderga en and N 21 r a ov . 19 . Fi st Gr de , ,

18 8 — THE OLD GERMAN PUPPE T PLAY OF DR . FAUST ( 7) T . C . Hed r k de wic .

— A . . 193 1 . TH E W . PUPPET SHO C Hammond Hygeia , June ,

’ — M P . r W . 28 . . 19 JAVA S DANCING SHAD O S Hall Ove land Monthly , July ,

’ — A . r THE LAS T S TAND OF THE MARIONETT E H . Gleason . Collie s N a k i n l W . 1909 . t o a ee ly, Oct ,

- - r H AD IV K . . t n r h 2 S O Ma c 1 7. PLAYS Gibson The School A s Magazi e , , 9

- — W r . r t OPERA ON A T EN FO OT STAGE G . Gab iel . Arts and Deco a ion 2 19 1 . Dec . ,

— IN H . . at t r PUPPETS PRAGUE Flanagan The The re Arts Mon hly , Ap il , 2 Ma 19 7. y,

H E F R — t 1 2 C O . 9 9 . T ST ORY O M . PUN H Feuille ,

- W — W . ts DESIGNING A SIMPLE PUPPET SHO Dresbach . The School Ar 1 2 an . 9 7. Magazine , J ,

— l l v Di e . BURATTINI MARIONETTE S THAT ARE NOT ME CHANI CAL P .

- 1 23 a t . 9 O c . Dr ma , Dec ,

’ — r r L . . a . 1910 . AMUSING CHILDREN E Dew Ha p e s B zaar, Dec . ,

- — F . a . a ST ORY TELLING BY MEANS OF PUPPE TS C . D vis The Pl y r 1926 g ound , Sep t . , .

A - : A T- W — v r M. . r a THIRD GRADE PROJE CT PUPPE SHO Cuddy . P im y 1 2 Education , Oct . , 9 7.

: — r r . S CHOOL AN INTERLUDE FOR MARIONETT ES E . Go don C aig The 1 18 English Review , Jan . , 9 .

’ — S . . . ar r THE ST ORY OF PUNCH AND JUDY S Conant H p e s Monthly , 1 871 . May ,

— r 1 J . . 870 PUNCH AND JUDY P Collie , . DOLLS— A GUIDE F OR COLLECTORS

’ ' S TH E - ZA — M. L . C a . r JAPAN DOLL THEATRE , BUNRAKU ochr ne T avel , 1 2 9 3 . Sept . ,

— T A CHRISTMAS MYSTERY IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY . Child . ’ 18 8 a . 8 Harper s M gazine , Dec , .

— 1909 . E G . . TREMENDOUS TRIFL S K Chesterton ,

W H W — O R . ILL COME T O A MARIONETTE CONGRESS Cheese . The 193 1 Theatre Arts Monthly , Ap ril , .

B — E 2 189 . C . . . BALLAD S IN LA K F Chase Boston ,

— E . a n a . 191 MARIONE TTE S OF ROME C lvi . The Bellman , J , 7.

N W A — A r Th A . . e a a EVENING ITH M RIONETTES Calth op The tre , M y ,

1884.

— M. . C rr THE RETURN OF THE MARIONETTES Bully u ent Op inion , 1913 March , .

I — t r 2 G. . . 1 9 MARIONE TTES IN MUN CH Bullet The Satu day Review, Dec , 9 .

— R B f n a 2 u a o. 19 8 . PUPPET ANAT OMY . The The tre Arts Monthly , July ,

— f n 2 R . B u a o 19 9 . PINO C CHIO FOR THE STAGE ,

F N D — F K . . a TH E MERRIE PLAY O PUNCH A JUDY . Brown The Pl y 2 r 19 1 . g ound , July ,

— k r r E G. . . a a M MOIRS OF MARIONETTES S Broo The Centu y M gazine , M ch, 1926 .

— A . r an 1884 F AN D . G. J . . TH E STORY O PUNCH JUDY Bowie The Theat e , ,

— B 1 F L W . . u 190 . TH E AMUSEMENTS O O D LOND ON Bo lton ,

— F rr PUPPE TS , THE TEMPEST , AND MR . FAGAN . Bi ell . The Nation

1923 . . . June , ; reply by J B Fagan

— 2 k 19 3 . MARIONETTE S H . Belloc . The Outloo , June ,

’ — L r h n e . T e a . W . J A N E W YEAR S PUNCH JUDY SHO B a d Delineator , , 5 190 .

— r 22 19 . M . PUNCH AND JUDY . Baring The London Mercu y , July ,

— 1 22 A u 9 . M a . PUNCH AND JUDY . B ring The Living Age , g,

’ - — r a . JAVA S SHAD OW SHOW S A NDTH E KAW I EPICS H . S . B nne The 2 r r A u 19 7. London Me cu y, g,

— — r 18 93 . a . H E . a . CI CIL IA N PUPPET S OVVS B llantyne The The t e , Feb ,

’ — W a DOLLS THAT COME ALIVE S . Baldwin . The oman s Home Comp nion , 1 22 9 . Dec . ,

— B k h t r t t l a s . TH E LE SS ON OF THE PUPPET A . y The Thea e Ar s Mon h y , 2 19 8 . July ,

INDEX

ck e Ed t ack A rab a 32 A l y, i h Fl i

ck e Telca A rmond ars e e 62 66 67 68 A l y, M ill , , ,

s m E Armond ars e e d s ketc es 59 dam s s Em a . s A , Mi M ill oll ( h )

Advert i s i ng dolls 132

Adverti s i ng dolls ( s ketch es ) As i a 2]

’ s s ociation e et a i A , l d s P its F br cants 96

Au du b n 11 . o 6

’ as kan do anc ent e am e Au n d Mme 97 Al ll , i ( x pl ) l oy ,

u s t n E rma s ke 83 A cott L u s a . i , i l , o i M A F

“ Ali ce in Wonderland Au tomat a 32

c nderand s ket c A er e r ene 57 Ali e in Wo l ( h ) v ill , G o g

Alexander doll ab d s ear sket c es B y oll , ly ( h ) n er D Alexa d oll Co . “ a t m re Lad B l i o , y

e ander Mme. Al x , B ambola R egi na x ndrowicz m e M e. Al a , B ambola R egi na ( s ket ch ) Ameera ’ B arbou rs Iri s h Flax Th read Ameri ca ’ B arnu m s Ameri can M u seu m Ameri can 90 a ar a Du c ess of B v i , h e c n tt er es 40 44 84 Am ri a Po i , , eau arna s s e ne B h i , jo phi Ameri can p otteri es ( examples from) 8 5 eer Wa ace B y , ll Ameri can- des igned Gibs on Gi rl 66 e t n es s eu rs B l o , M i Ameri can rag dolls ( s ketch es ) 93 er n r n B li , I vi g Anders n mo ene 100 o , I g Bi enville w r r IB] Ea e E . Andre s M s . , l

Ann 97 Billiken ( s ketch ) Ann u een 100 , Q s u e do renc - made Bi q ll, F h Ann ueen s ket c es 15 , Q ( h ) s u e do renc mec an ca Bi q ll, F h h i l A nt u es an enc c ed a of 40 iq , y lop i s u e d s k nds w ere made Bi q oll , i , h Anti t d s in s ket c es 12 I3 q Y. oll ( h ) l l , , s ue ear Bi q , ly nt u es nd n 50 A i q . ﬁ i g s u e renc Bi q , F h Ant net te ar e 16 oi , M i s ue d s s ma s ketc es Bi q oll , ll ( h )

Ap h rodite 34 s ue d s t n Bi q oll , i y

“ and ar es sa 108 s u e Dres den Apollo M p Bi q , I N DE x

s ue- eaded d s s ketc es r wni n El zabet Bi q h oll ( h ) B o g , i h

s ue ate 58 B u eune Bi q , l r , J

e ke c es 65 67 68 69 s u s t ne s t B u . Bi q , o ( h ) , , , r , M

s u e su ar 58 68 r r u r tk n M s . e s . u e e Bi q , g B r y , M i l A i

w 58 6 k t u e t e are 8 ru re Mrs . s e c of d Bisq , whi B ye . ( h oll)

u s e m ded 61 r n t n a az ne Blo , ol B u li g o M g i

“ ” ou s e s rred 5 3 65 u t c Bl , hi , B h

s som reat n a s ketc 93 n n u d Blo C io , ( h) B uyi g a t iq e olls

Blue Fai ry 77 Bye- lo doll

62 Blue S carf Doll a B yzanti ne

107 enn e a ert Mrs . C lv , J i od c t 23 B y, lo h Cameo Doll C o] ehn Max von 89 Bo , Campbell Kid B olt z- M ass é 58 Canadi an " Bon Mme le 62 , . Carlton moule onnet ett 128 B , B y Camp Fi re Gi rls B onnet dolls 68 n ar e ter W . C p , . B B onnet dolls ( illu s t rat ions ) 67 Celluloid ooks En sh ct u re 26 B , gli p i Cent u ry Di ct i onary e 6 Bor f eld . or t G o , 6 g , , C p Cerami cs tt er 42 B o g ﬂ Ceylon B oulogne- s u r- mer 96 V Ch ad alley CO. ou rbon ademo s e e de 16 B , M i ll ’ u Chad er5 M arks and Monograms er r o M s . D. L 82 B y , “ Ch amber Of Horrors r F D L k t c o e M S . . s e of d 83 B y , ( h oll) Ch andler,J oh n G reene 62 B ar an Sk c 0 o et 0 0 0 0 y , P i ( h ) a n ar e Ch pli , Ch li o n ket c 2 B y , t i y ( s h ) 6

- Ch aract er dolls B read- kneader dolls ( s ket ch es ) 13 Ch ase B retonnes 98

r tann ca Enc clo aedia 106 B i i , y o ar ot te r zen Ch l , F o B ri ti s h S ou t h Afri ca 104 “ Ch arm doll B ri t i s h t oys ( s ket ch of symbol) 69 Ch arm doll ( s ketch) B rown- eyed doll ( s ketch ) 23

Checkini Dom n B rowni e dolls ( s ket ch es ) 93 , i o

rou let 60 C heckino Dom n s ketc B il , M , i o ( h )

I N DE X

Da i s Wi nni e Eas t Indi an wooden do l ( s ketch) v , l

’ o Dean s Rag B ook C .

‘ DeBaine ade e ne Eﬁanbee , M l i

Deb - U Egyp t de ran e ss Lenore Eg t i an G g , Mi yp

’ Denn s n s E t an do l anc ent i o gyp i l , i

’

li E c t a d Mme. Des aub aux e. , Mll i h h l . .

E s en wer Dhomont Mme. o , i h

Di amond Dyes

e E zabe an B am n rs H nr . s t t M . A i o , y li h

D nne Ei s s ler ann io , F y

r n D b e Mrs . a k . E cott . W . o l , F C lli , H

Doebrich eor e E s e , G g lli , Jo l

Do s b nnet E s oe s ket c of doll ll , o lli . J l ( h )

Dolls b nnet s ket c En and , o ( h ) gl

“ " D v adu E and s ket c f doll o ls c ld s . t n o l , hi l gl ( h )

’ Dolls ages Engli s h doll

Do ls dated En s to bo k a er d s l , gli h y o p p oll

Doll Hou se dolls Es s ex Ins t i tu te

“ Doll Talk Es ki mo

Do n eanne en i , J Eu g i e

Dotter Eu rop e

Dot t er ( s ketch of doll) 53 Eva

Dres den 39 42 65 v k t c , , E a ( s e h )

Dres sed dolls 39 Eyes

Dres s er ar e 83 E es b own as s l , M i y , l gl

Du rb n Deanna 77 r wn v s b ue E es b o . i , y , l

Du rnbau h E e n 82 E e fl rt n g , v ly y , i i g

Du rnbau h E e n ( s ketc of do 88 E es as s g , v ly h ll) y , gl

E es ewe y , j l

E es ns et y , i Early toy dolls ( s ket ch es ) E es ns et s ket c y , i ( h ) Early toys E es um nous y , l i

Eart enware h E es s ee n y , l p i g

Eas t Indi an wooden doll Excavat i ons INDEX 187

al ea ébé 97 G l , B

arland ud 77 G , J y

W am arr s on Mrs . G i , illi

G au t i er 60

G avroch e 97

Gazette des beau x Arts 94

Gebru der Heu bach 59

en u s L t t e 78 G i , i l

2 3 r ene N e t e . Inc 9 eo o s C o . 9 G g v l i ,

“ G eraldi ne 108

G eraldi ne ( s ket ch ) 109

G eorg ent h al 96

erman anc ent s ket c es 11 G , i ( h ) ,

erman b s u e- eaded s ketc 33 G , i q h ( h)

G erman symbols 69

axman o n erman 38 55 Fl , J h G y ,

Fleis chaker 81 B au m 66

' Flei s ch mann BloedP Gi b son doll ( s ket ch ) 57

rt n e e s ket c es bs on Irene 20 Fli i g y ( h ) Gi ,

Floradora Gi rl S cou ts 144

or an ert ru de 98 Fl i . G

lor an ert ru de s ketc of do 21 F i , G ( h ll)

F oreign dolls G li t ter Gi rl 79

’ ’ ode s Lad s ok 128 F rancai P eti t e G y y Bo

o ds m t dol s s ketc es 38 5 l i h l ( h ) . , 6 rance 25 34 55 G F , ,

olds m t l 20 53 74 G i h , Phi i pp , , rance ade e ne de F , M l i ” G one Wi t h The Wi nd 126 Fra zcia La z , G oodyear dolls ( s ket ch es ) 119 F reddi e ( s ket ch ) ood ear ar es 11 G y , Ch l 8

renc F h ou on Mme erre G j , . Pi 98

renc do s s ket c es 33 G reece 94 F h ll ( h ) ,

G reek anci ent clay dolls ( s ketch es ) renc as on doll ear F h f hi , ly reeks 106 107 G , F rench R evolu t i on Graf le ares 10 y , Ch l 5

r n e c s mbo s o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o re wa h o o o o o o o o o o o o o o ena ate 49 97 121 F y l G y, K , , INDEX

Heu bac h K op p els dorf

re ner l r i H dbu aus en . t de G i gh , M Voi

re ner Im ro ed Hobb - ra t G i , p v y C f

L dw L re ner u . Hoff man o man i , ig o E . G , S l

re ner atent Ho s ket c f d o o o o o o o o G i p p i ( h ll) o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

re ner u nu s u a and Ho o o o o o o o G i , l ll o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

Gres holtz ar e Ho and s ke c f d , M i ll ( t h o oll)

u ard an The Hors e- s oe s mbo s ketc G i , h y l ( h) o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

u m mo ded Hos mer r er e b t . G i p , l , H H

Gu m t ra acant Howard o e g h , H p

mann ch ff n H n r e e u t 81 S i ie u t M s . or G , G g R .

Gru elle o nn Hu rd s s L d a , J h y , Mi y i

lle o nn s ketc f r t e a t Grue o d s Hu e . , J h y ( h oll ) , Mll C lix o

a W o H tt n es e o o o y , Joh l y o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Hai rdo 49

n 48 e e t and o o o re u o Ha rd s s u u s a Id a To C o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o i , l l Nov l y y . o o

a r natu ra 71 Ima es H i , l g

n c n s ket c e 18 Ind a Ha ds , hi a ( h s ) i

- n c ren Ind a d o o o o o o o o Handwerck Halbig 68 i hil o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

n c I d a do s ket o Hans ka 98 n i ll ( h ) o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o

al r r W s n 49 Ind ans ort Amercan H M s . i , h i l , Vi gil il o N

Hap s bu rg 124 Iri s h p eas ant

- - 7 Is abe a ueen Harou n al Ras chids 9 ll , Q

A een s ket c of do 83 Is abel a u een s ketc Harr s Mrs . , Q ( h ) i , il ( h ll) l

r 13 1 Har W am H . t . , illi , J ‘ w i r E s acho s k M s . e J , l i arw 29 W . A . H ood,

ac u es Wm. . J q , J Hawki ns 90 1

Hee s 43 l , high J ap an “ Heil 104 J ap anes e Heil ( s ket ch of doll) 101 J ap anese symbol ( s ketch ) He zer Dorot i , hy

He zer orot s ketc of d 91 i , D hy ( h oll)

Heni e on a 78 , S j

Henry V III 141

Heu bach 68

Heu bac Geb ruder s ketc of dol ) 59 1111 0 h , ( h l

INDEX

ar onett v u e M i e s . P pp t nt on T omas Mi , h

M arks B ros M oh ammed

arks c na do M , hi ll M oh ammedans

arks old c na s ketc es M , hi ( h ) M oni ca Doll

’ ’ Marlborou h s en v a g t en gu erre M oni ca S tu dios

’ art n s ook o n M i B , J h M ontanari

art D. M i n, . onroe Ans W F . M , il

’ arks and ono rams C haﬁers onr M M g , M oe ( s ketch of doll)

M as ks M orocco

Al au ger M oroccan dolls ( s ketch es )

McC all as on ode rr n E hi M l o s . . F M i o , R

McC arth ar e orr y , Ch li M i son family

Mc Flims e ora y , Fl M odel dolls

McGu ﬁe Anna e y, M oth r G oos e

Mc Kim Mrs - , M ulti faced dolls

’ McLaughlin s M u s eu ms :

’ B arnum s Ameri can 126 cLou hl r M g i n B os . B ri t i s h 12

c L u hIin r s t of N ew York 46 124 125 128 129 M o g B o . Ci y , , , , ( s ketch of p ap er doll) Confederate 75 Confederate M u seu m doll 42 Mc Pharlin Pau l , re drc a s er er n 107 F i i h , K i ( B li ) H cres t The L t t e M eat baby ill , i l Los Angeles 82 M ech ani cal t oys M aryland Hi s tori cal Soci ety 56 et ro o t an 11 89 M p li , A4edal N ew Yo rk Hi s t ori cal S oci ety 46

’ eda o s ct m e O nt ar o o a 0 M l ( P li h Vi i s R li ef) i , R y l 9 Red ros s Was n C , hi g ton 109 ed c a er n M i i , K th i e de Smi t h s oni an 125 92 M ei s sen

M etal

M ma et n . , M

Mi ch ele

ler M s s race tan e Mil , i G S l y

ller Wes e Mi , l y

er W es e s ket c of do Mill , l y ( h ll) N ew En land Mncemeat C o g i .

Mimi N ew Zealand

ner a c N o son A . W . Mi v i h l ,

Mi nerva ( s ket ch of doll) N igh t i ngale; Florence INDE X 191

N s en ar t ar s do u at n il , M gi P i , ll pop l io

N ils en ( s ketch of doll) Parmenti er

“ N i na ( s ket ch ) P ars ons - J acks on baby ( s ketch )

N i p pon Pat terns

u ﬁlar me e t a A lini N o d M . r e tt de 45 , B h P i ,

o e t do s arts c os e 89 N v l y ll P h , J f

N w s ran 2 k . e Mrs . 9 o , F B

Nu rembu rg P eddler dolls 28

u rember do ear edd er d s ket c 33 N g ll , ly P l oll ( h)

Nu rs i ng doll Peep s h ow 130

N u tt ommod re Pe it do 103 , C o gg y ll

Peggy ( McC all doll) 75 Oberammergau Peg- joi nt ed 104

Ober s s rt a . ly, Mi Po i M enns y ani a tteri es 84 ’ P lv Po O Hara car ett , S l enns an a tt eres s ketc of d 85 ’ P ylv i Po i ( h oll) Oil a nt Dev oe s P i ,

enn W am 10 P , illi 0 Old s s , Mi erk ns ar n L 103 P i , M io Old s s s ketc of d , Mi ( h oll)

' P errault 97 O N eill s e , Ro P ers i a 83 O u re Mme era v , . V Ph onog rap h doll 30

erce rank n 62 Pi , F li

aderews k adame P i , M Pi nk lu s t re

Pantins 78

ap er doHs P 107

Pap i er mache a t n s 10- 13 21- 27 Pl y hi g ,

Pap i er mache dolls “ Plu s hie 79 Pap i er maché dolls ( s ketch es ) Plas olite L t , a 62

a er Maché N e t e P p i ov l i s Co . Pli ny 21

Pat - a- Pat Pocah ontas 84 Patsy Poli s h ar an ars t crat P i i o ’ Poli s h Vi ct ims R eli ef Fu nd doll Pari an bi s q ue ( s ket ch )

ari an bi s ue ( s ket ch es Polo arc P q ) , M o

Pari an Eli zabet h 65 Pomona

“ ” aran r nces s 64 P i , P i Pomona dolls ( s ketch es ) I N DEX

om e a e Lad s ket c 101 P p ii R l igh , y ( h)

Pontalba ar nes s a e Sir Wa t er E edi t i n 100 , B o R l igh , l xp o

“ Pop - u p books R ap h ael 107

tt er es En s a c n L 1 6 ae Tu k 8: o s C o. td. 2 Po i , gli h R ph l S ,

P ottery deﬁ ned R ap h ael Tu ck ( s ket ch of p ap er doll) 127

ot ter ear a ca ernard 84 P y, ly R v , B

Pou ee Trav elleu se La av ca ernard sket c of do 85 p , R , B ( h ll)

e na ambo a 94 R gi , B l

Prial the La e na ambo a s ketc 95 y , R gi . B l ( h)

P ri ce of old dolls Robi ns on ( s ketch) 20

Pri nce Ch armi ng R obes pi erre 110

’ uck s Works o od ers at r n P h p R g , K h y

” Pum kinhead s ket c od ers at r n s ket c of do 88 p ( h) R g , K h y ( h ll)

7 u nc o Mme. 9 P h R ig .

u nc and u d omans 106 107 P h J y R ,

118 u et ﬁs t s ket c Ronmer Is aac A . P pp , ( h) ,

u et ﬁs t how made oos e e t Tedd 92 P p p , ( ) R v l , y

u et o o of w rd os s ets 83 P p p ( p hil l gy o ) R , B y

Pu etr ose no Ant on o 89 pp y R lli , i

e os s Wa ter 121 P up p t s R . l

“ u et s how made ou nd- abou t a er do 130 P p p , R p p ll

' ous s e adet 97 u ets s adow , C P pp , h R l

v mar one t a P up pet s . i t e Roy l

Rozmann e. u t nam race . , Mll P , G S

Py ro R u bber

R ubber dolls Qu een Anne doll R u bber toys Q u een Anne dolls ( illu s t rations ) Ru ff m ded , ol Rag baby R u s s i an

Ra do old renc s ket c g ll , F h ( h) R us s i an ( s ketch es of dolls )

Ra do oman g ll , R N icholas S t . Ra do oman s ketc g ll , R ( h) 104 anders eorge W . S , G Ra do s Ind an g ll , i

W s ket c of d 103 ders eor e . S an , G g ( h oll) Rag doll s ( s ket ch es )

a ed And a ed Ann a o 34 R gg y y, R gg y S pp h

194 INDEX

Tom 126 k T u mb Mrs . Wa n a er d h , l i g p p oll 131

m r Tom s ket c f o 127 l rh T u b M s . o d Wa te aus en h , ( h ll) 96

T n old d s 26 Warren La n a 126 i y oll , vi i

T n old do s s ket c es 26 Warren nn e 126 i y ll ( h ) , Mi i

Tin s oldi er 112 W A V E 132

T n ren r e 32 Wax 25 26 106- 110 113 14 o M s . d 9 g , A l , , , ,

To s 126 W ax n re 14 p y i g , 9

Top sy ( p ap er doll s ket ch ed) 127 Webber doll 29

nc 140 Wed wood s a 1 7 Treas u re es t ub cat ns I . 0 Ch P li io , g , Jo i h

T r t c doll 28 We e r s to 10 i p y h ig l , Ch i p h 6

n 83 We s r n am n 126 Tu boat A n e e M s . e g i ll , B j i

Tu s s au d adame We l n s ora 94 , M l i g , N h

Wel n s ora s ketc of d s 95 li g , N h ( h oll ) ’ Uncle Toms Cabi n We n ton art a L 2 lli g , M h . 9 Uneeda Bi s cu i t Doll Wezee 24

a e t ne Lad n i , V l y w e r 50 63 72 Whi chelo Mrs . o e , G g , ,

V alis s a the F ai r Whi te bi s q u e doll 63

Veni ce Whi t e Hous e Ladi es 79

er t a e. V i , Mll w 5 Whi te are 8 , 68

ernon o a , i V V l Wicar 107

“ i cki e V ne D 121 W e r . i ,

k e s ke c Vi c i ( t h ) 117

ct or a r ncess Vi i , P i Willoby 59

ct or a ( s ket c of d s ) Vi i h oll ilms n 92 W e . , B

ctor a u een 52 i i , Q , V Wilmsen ernard s ket c of d 93 , B ( h oll)

Wooden doll ( s ketch ) 12

Wooden dolls

Wooden dolls ( s ketches ) W aifs of C racow

Work enr . , H y C Wa ker Do l , lly Worki ng doll

Wa ker Is annah . l , F Worki ng doll ( s ket ch ) Wa ker eann e l , J i W r t A an igh , l

‘ Walki ng doll

Y es ebe v , B W a k n do atent s f or l i g ll , p

Walki ng doll ( s ketch es ) Zob eides