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Typha × Glauca Godr., 香蒲属(香蒲科) 中国新记录杂种及其形态特征

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第37卷 第1期 水生生物学报 Vol. 37, No.1 2013 年 1 月 ACTA HYDROBIOLOGICA SINICA Jan., 2 0 1 3 doi: 10.7541/2013.29 Typha × glauca Godr., 香蒲属(香蒲科) 中国新记录杂种及其形态特征 朱秀玉 王 东 (华中师范大学生命科学学院, 武汉 430079) 摘要: 香蒲属(Typha L.)为多年生水生或沼生草本植物, 种间存在十分普遍的杂交现象, 其中一些杂种在湿 地生态系统中有重要的作用。在查阅大量腊叶标本基础上, 结合野外居群生物学工作, 作者发现中国一新记 录杂种, 即 T. × glauca Godr. (T. angustifolia L. × T. latifolia L.), 并新拟“粉绿香蒲”作该杂种的中文名。对粉 绿香蒲的形态特征进行了研究, 讨论了其与亲本水烛和宽叶香蒲的区别, 并给出检索表。 关键词: 香蒲属; 水烛; 宽叶香蒲; 粉绿香蒲; 新记录 中图分类号: Q949.7 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000-3207(2013)01-0029-05 香蒲属(Typha L.)隶属香蒲科(Typhaceae), 世界 中国科学院成都生物研究所植物标本馆(CDBI)、中 约 24 种[1—4], 分布于南北两半球的温带和热带地 国科学院武汉植物园植物标本馆(HIB)、武汉大学植 区。我国约有 12 种, 南北广泛分布[5, 6]。该属种间 物标本馆(WH)、四川大学植物标本馆(SZ)等所有馆 存在十分普遍的杂交现象, 欧洲、美洲等地已经报 藏香蒲标本以及我们野外采集的香蒲标本[存放华 道有 7 个杂种[7—13], 其中 T. angustifolia × T. latifolia 中师范大学植物标本馆(CCNU)], 尤其是馆藏标本 (= T. × glauca Godr.)、T. angustifolia × T. domingensis 中被鉴定为水烛(T. angustifolia L.)和宽叶香蒲(T. 和 T. domingensis × T. latifolia (= T. × provincialis latifolia L.)的标本。形态特征对比研究包括外部形 Camus)[8]等 3 个杂种经过细胞遗传学实验确认。在 态、花、果实、种子及花粉等。 欧洲和北美等地, 香蒲属杂种是湿地尤其是在严重 1.2 形态观察和测量 人为干扰或易受较大水位波动影响生境中的优势植 用直接观察法研究植物的营养器官和繁殖器官 物, 它们在湿地生态系统中的作用一直受到植物学 的形态特征。在 NIKON SMZ-1500 体视显微镜下观 家和生态学家的关注[9—11, 14—19]。 察花、果实和种子, 在 OLYMPUS BX51 型光学显微 我们在研究香蒲属标本过程中, 发现采自新疆 镜下观察花粉粒, 并分别测量大小和拍照。取腊叶 西部的 10 份标本, 其形态特征属于杂种 T. × glauca 标本的花药, 并经冰醋酸浸泡、醋酸酐处理、离心 Godr.的范畴。该杂种以前在国内未见报道, 属于中 沉淀淘洗后制作装片, 用于花粉粒的观察和大小测 国的一分布新记录, 本文予以报道。 量。选取 10 个以上样本用于各项数据在显微镜下性 状的测量, 求平均值。 1 材料与方法 2 分类与形态学描述 1.1 腊叶标本研究 研究存放中国科学院植物研究所植物标本馆 粉绿香蒲(杂种) 新拟 图版Ⅰ: 6—11, 20 (PE)、中国科学院华南植物园植物标本馆(IBSC)、 Typha × glauca Godr. (T. angustifolia L. ×T. 收稿日期: 2011-12-06; 修订日期: 2012-04-13 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(30870151); 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室开放课题(LSEB2011- 06); 国家自然科学基金委重大国际合作项目(31110103911); 中国科学院战略性先导科技专项—应对气候变化的碳收 支认证及相关问题(XDA05050206)项目资助 作者简介: 朱秀玉(1984—), 女, 山东临沂人; 硕士研究生; 主要从事植物分类学和生态学研究。E-mail: [email protected] 通信作者: 王东, E-mail: [email protected] 30 水生生物学报 37 卷 latifolia L.). Fl. Lorr. 3: 20, 1844. 学者认为该分类群应作为种来处理外[7, 20], 多数欧 Synonymy: T. latifolia var. elongata Dudley in 美学者根据来自形态学、杂交、血清学、电泳、酶 Bul. Cornell Univ. (Sci.) 2: 102, 1886; T. angustifolia 和分子等方面的研究证据 都支持它是杂种的观 var. elongata (Dudley) Wiegand in Rhodora 26: 1, 1924. , [8, 12, 13, 21—24] 多年生水生或沼生草本, 雌雄同株。地上茎直 点 。据文献记载, 粉绿香蒲广泛分布于 [7, 9, 11—13, 15, 16] 立, 粗壮, 高约 2—3 m。叶条形, 粉绿色, 叶片长 欧洲、北美等地 , 如它在北美东北部大 73—140 cm, 宽 10—16 mm; 叶鞘耳状抱茎。雌雄 西洋沿岸到中部广阔的草原地带不但分布较广, 而 [9, 11] 花序分离或紧密连接, 相距(0—)1—12 mm; 雄花序 且数量多 。种加词“glauca”意指叶片粉绿色, 因 长 25—40 mm, 雄花由 1 枚或 2 枚雄蕊组成, 花药长 此本文新拟“粉绿香蒲”作该杂种的中文名。 约 2—3 mm, 长矩圆形, 花粉粒单体、二合体、三合 产我国新疆的粉绿香蒲与国外分布的植物在形 体或四合体; 雌花序长 26—43 cm, 宽 19—22 mm, 态上有一定的差异, 表现在叶片(宽度)、雌花序(大 深棕色; 雌花具小苞片, 小苞片长约 7.6 mm, 浅褐 小)、雌花序与雄花序的间距、柱头(形态、大小)等 色至先端白色, 比柱头窄; 孕性雌花柱头长 1.2— 性状方面(表 1)。在叶(叶片宽度、叶鞘形态)、雌花 1.6 mm, 宽 0.1—0.2 mm, 条状披针形, 子房狭披针 序(颜色、大小)、雌花(大小、孕性雌花的柱头、丝 形, 长约 1.2 mm; 不孕雌花子房长 0.9—1.5 mm, 近 状毛、小苞片以及不孕雌花的子房形态)等许多重要 倒圆锥形, 先端圆形。花果期 6—9 月。 的分种特征方面, 粉绿香蒲表现出介于宽叶香蒲和 China. Xinjiang(新疆): Huocheng(霍城), 生于 水烛两种之间的中间类型的性状。一方面, 它的雌 积水塘、人工沟渠中。2010–8–13, D. Wang(王东) 花序深棕色, 雌雄花序有时相互靠近或紧密连接, 6248, 6249(CCNU); Tacheng(塔城), 生于水塘中。 叶片具渐狭的鞘, 孕性雌花柱头条状披针形, 不孕 2010–8–9, D. Wang(王东)6223–1(CCNU)。中国分布 雌花子房倒圆锥形, 与宽叶香蒲的特征接近(图版Ⅰ: 新记录。欧洲(英国、法国)、北美(美国、加拿大) 2, 5, 7, 11); 另一方面, 它的叶片有时具耳状叶鞘, 等地也有分布。 孕性雌花具小苞片, 雌雄花序有时远离等特征, 又 与水烛的许多特征相符(图版Ⅰ: 9, 14)。同时它又有 3 讨论 明显的可鉴别特征, 如花粉粒除单体、四合体外, 还 粉绿香蒲最早是由法国学者 D. A. Godron 于 有二体、三体出现, 花粉粒常败育; 柱头条状披针形 1844 年在法国东北部 Lorraine 地区植物志 Flore de (比宽叶香蒲的卵状披针形柱头窄, 但比水烛的线形 Lorraine 中命名的一种植物。作者在原描述中指出 柱头宽); 雌花小苞片浅褐色至先端白色(宽叶香蒲 该植物在外部形态上与宽叶香蒲相近, 与水烛有明 雌花无小苞片, 水烛小苞片浅褐色至深褐色), 比柱 显区别。1886 年美国学者 W. R. Dudley 在美国纽约 头窄等(图版Ⅰ: 6—11, 20)。上述区别特征国外很多 州 Cayuga 湖泊发现一种与宽叶香蒲形态相似的植 学者都有记述[7— 9, 12,13]。另外, 粉绿香蒲与 T. × 物, 但因其雌花序长达 30 cm, 他把这种植物定名为 provincialis Camus 不同, 后者通常无耳状叶鞘, 在 T. latifolia var. elongata, 1924 年美国学者 K. M. 叶片基部和叶鞘的近轴面有黏液状腺体等; 与 T. Wiegand 在复查 Cayuga 湖泊水生植物时, 根据 T. angustifolia × T. domingensis 也不同, 后者花粉单 latifolia var. elongata 在外部形态上更接近于水烛而 体、小苞片急尖至渐尖等[8]。目前四合体花粉粒在 将其命名为 T. angustifolia var. elongata, 这两个变 香蒲属中见于宽叶香蒲、小香蒲(T. minima Funck)、 种名称后来被证明都属于粉绿香蒲[7]。除少数北美 T. alelseevii Mavrodiev、T. tzvelevii Mavrodiev、粉 表 1 粉绿香蒲的形态变异 Tab. 1 Comparison of morphological characters of Typha × glauca between our study and other studies 形态特征 本研究 Hotchkiss & Dozier Smith Grace & Harrison Kuehn & White Morphological characters This study (1949) (1967) (1986) (1999) 叶宽 Leaf width (mm) 10—16 6—12 5—8.5 5—19 6—21 雌花序长 Pistillate spike length (mm) 260—430 100—250 150—300 —— 100—281 雌花序宽 Pistillate spike width (mm) 19—22 18—25 19—20 14—27 6—25 雌雄花序间距 Spike interval (mm) 0—12 0—40 4—33 0—33 0—42 柱头宽 Stigma width (mm) 0.1—0.2 —— —— —— 0.5—0.8 1 期 朱秀玉等: Typha × glauca Godr., 香蒲属(香蒲科)中国新记录杂种及其形态特征 31 绿香蒲和 T. × provincialis, 而二体和三体花粉粒则 水烛和宽叶香蒲在我国西北、东北、华北、华中和 仅见于粉绿香蒲[1, 2, 4, 7, 13]。 华南等地均有广泛的分布, 两物种也有较大的分布 根据文献记载, 粉绿香蒲在北美是由于 20 世纪 重叠区, 理论上推测粉绿香蒲在我国也应该有较广 水烛从大西洋沿岸向其他地区迅速扩散并与乡土种 的分布, 但我们检查了我国主要植物标本馆馆藏中 宽叶香蒲杂交产生的, 在其亲本水烛和宽叶香蒲分 所有鉴定为水烛和宽叶香蒲的标本, 却仅在我们采 布的重叠区普遍存在[9, 12]。它依赖营养繁殖, 具有较强 自新疆的标本中发现有粉绿香蒲, 该杂种在我国的 的竞争优势与入侵扩张能力和较高的净初级生产力, 地理分布范围尚有待于进一步研究。下面给出粉绿 这不仅增加了底泥中有机物含量, 也影响了湿地植物 香蒲与亲本近缘种的分种检索表, 以更好的了解其 [8—10, 14—16, 18, 19] 群落的结构和功能以及沼泽演替方向 。 鉴别特征。 分种检索表 1. 雌花无小苞片; 柱头披针形或卵状披针形; 花粉四合体; 叶宽 5—25 mm; 叶通常与花序等长或稍超出 .......................................................................................................................................... 宽叶香蒲 T. latifolia 1. 雌花具小苞片; 柱头条形、线形或条状披针形; 花粉粒全部或部分单体; 叶明显超出花序。 2. 雌花序浅棕色; 柱头条形或线形; 小苞片先端浅棕色至深棕色, 比柱头宽; 花粉粒单体; 叶宽 3—8 mm ........................................................................................................................................水烛 T. angustifolia 2. 雌花序深棕色; 柱头条状披针形; 小苞片先端灰白色或近于无色, 比柱头窄; 花粉粒常单体、二体、 三体和四合体混合; 叶宽 10—16 mm........................................................................粉绿香蒲 T. × glauca 致谢: 类分析在东北水生植物香蒲属分类研究中的应用. 水生 感谢中国科学院植物研究所植物标本馆(PE)马 生物学报, 1998, 22(1): 86—89] [7] Hotchkiss N, Dozier H L. Taxonomy and distribution of 欣堂先生和田希娅女士、中国科学院华南植物园植 North American cattails [J]. American Midland Naturalist, 物标本馆(IBSC)杨亲二研究员、中国科学院武汉植 1949, 4l(1): 237—254 物园植物标本馆(HIB)李建强研究员、中国科学院成 [8] Smith S G. Experimental and natural hybrids in North America Typha (Typhaceae) [J]. American Midland Natu- 都生物研究所植物标本馆(CDBI)高信芬研究员、武 ralist, 1967, 78(2): 257—287 汉大学植物标本馆(WH)汪小凡教授和四川大学植 [9] Grace J B, Harrison J S. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 73. 物标本馆(SZ)何兴金教授在检查标本中给予的热情 Typha latifolia L., Typha angustifolia L. and Typha × glauca Godr. [J]. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 1986, 66(2): 帮助。 361—379 [10] Smith S G. Typha: its taxonomy and the ecological signi- 参考文献: ficance of hybrids [J]. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 1987, 27(1): 129—138 [1] Graebner P. Typhaceae. In: Engler A. Das Pflanzenreich [M]. [11] Thieret J W, Luken J O. The Typhaceae in the southeastern Leipzig. 1900, 8(2): 8—16 United States [J]. Harvard Papers in Botany, 1996, 8, 27—56 [2] Mavrodiev E V. New species of cat-tail (Typha L.) from [12] Kuehn M M, White B N. Morphological analysis of gene- Caucasus [J]. Feddes Repertorium, 1999, 110(1—2): 127— tically identified cattails Typha latifolia, Typha angustifolia, 132 and Typha × glauca [J]. Canadian Journal of Botany, 1999, [3] Mavrodiev E V. A new species of cat-tail (Typha L.) from 77(6): 906—912 sect. Engleria (Leonova). N. Tzvel [J]. Feddes Repertorium, [13] Finkelstein S A. Identifying pollen grains of Typha latifolia, 2000, 111(7—8): 571—575 Typha angustifolia, and Typha × glauca [J]. Canadian Jour- [4] Mavrodiev E V. Two new species of Typha L. (Typhaceae nal of Botany, 2003, 81(9): 985—990 Juss.) from the Far East of Russia and from Mongolia [J]. [14] Bonnewell V, Pratt D C. Effects of nutrients on Typha angu- Feddes Repertorium, 2002, 113(3—4): 281—288 stifolia × latifolia: productivity and morphology [J]. Journal [5] Sun K, Simpson D A. Flora of China [M]. 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(TYPHACEAE) NEWLY RECORDED IN CHINA AND ITS MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS ZHU Xiu-Yu and WANG Dong (School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China) Abstract: Typha L.
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  • Proceedings of the Workshop on the Creation of Channels and Ponds Within Cattail Marshes on the Bay of Quinte, and a Conceptual Plan

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    PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON THE CREATION OF CHANNELS AND PONDS WITHIN CATTAIL MARSHES ON THE BAY OF QUINTE, AND A CONCEPTUAL PLAN. PREPARED BY ANDY SMITH BAY OF QUINTE REMEDIAL ACTION PLAN JANUARY, 1995 PREFACE On August 17 and 18, 1994 a workshop was held to bring together scientists and members of , , the Bay of Quinte Implementation Advisory Committee (formally the Public Advisory Committee) to discuss enhancing Quinte wetlands by dredging channels and ponds in dense cattail stands. The goals for the workshop were to review the impacts of this technique, discuss its advantages and disadvantages, and design a new channel/pond system. This report is a summary of the workshop and a conceptual plan for a project based on recommendations from the workshop. If implemented this experimental/demonstration project will be studied to determine the effectiveness of creating open water areas within dense cattail stands for providing habitat for variety of species. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Workshop Introduction ...................................... 1 2.0 Summary of Workshop Presentations and Discussions:~,' ................. 3 2.1 A Literature Review of the Impacts to Wildlife of Channel Creation Through Monotypic Cattail Stands as Proposed at the Bay of Quinte Area of Concern 3 2.2 Studies Conducted on Wetlands in The Quinte Area, 1994 ........... 4 2.2.1 Review of Some Recent Wetland Enhancement Projects in the Quinte Area and Creation techniques. 4 2.2.2 Fisheries Assessment of Some Wetland Enhancement Projects in the Quinte Area . 5 2.2.3 List of Plants and Animals Observed During the Tour of Sawguin Creek Marsh, August 17, 1994 ..........................
  • Studies of the Germination and Growth of Cattail in Relation to Marsh Management John William Bedish Iowa State University

    Studies of the Germination and Growth of Cattail in Relation to Marsh Management John William Bedish Iowa State University

    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1964 Studies of the germination and growth of cattail in relation to marsh management John William Bedish Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Bedish, John William, "Studies of the germination and growth of cattail in relation to marsh management" (1964). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 16857. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/16857 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDIES OF THE GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF CATTAIL IN RELATION TO K~SH MANAGEMENT by John William Bedish A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Major Subject: Wildlife Management Signatures have been redacted for privacy Iowa State University Of Science and Technology Ames, Iowa 1964 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 3 Importance of Cattail to Marsh Animals 3 Relation of Water to Presence of Cattail 5 Seed Germination and Viability 8 METHODS OF STUDY 14 Greenhouse Studies 14 Field Studies 23 RESULTS 29 Greenhouse Studies 29 Field Studies 46 DISCUSSION 65 Effects of Moisture on Cattail 65 Management Recommendations 69 SUMMARY 76 LITERATURE CITED 79 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 84 1 INTRODUCTION The total area of wetlands available to waterfowl has been greatly reduced during the past century due mainly to drainage for agricultural purposes.
  • Hybridization Dynamics of Invasive Cattail (Typhaceae) Stands at Pierce Cedar Creek Institute: a Molecular Analysis

    Hybridization Dynamics of Invasive Cattail (Typhaceae) Stands at Pierce Cedar Creek Institute: a Molecular Analysis

    HYBRIDIZATION DYNAMICS OF INVASIVE CATTAIL (TYPHACEAE) STANDS AT PIERCE CEDAR CREEK INSTITUTE: A MOLECULAR ANALYSIS Alex Graeff, Kelsey Huisman, and Dr. Pamela J. Laureto Department of Biological Sciences Grand Rapids Community College 143 Bostwick NE Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503 ABSTRACT Three cattail taxa are recognized in Michigan USA: native Typha latifolia (broad-leaf cattail), the invasive Typha angustifolia (narrow-leaf cattail), and the hybrid of these two species Typha × glauca. Typha angustifolia and T. × glauca are of special interest because of their ability to aggressively spread and out-compete the native cattail T. latifolia. Typha × glauca has been shown to out-compete both its parental taxa and produce monospecific stands. We surveyed the Pierce Cedar Creek Institute (PCCI) property for cattails and located 25 distinct cattail marshes. We determined the total area of cattail marsh at PCCI to be roughly 10% of the 267 ha property. Cattail individuals were sampled from each of the 25 stands and random amplified polymorphic DNA markers were used to identify the individuals to species. We found that 20 of the 25 stands were monospecific for the native cattail, T. latifolia. Five of the stands were mixtures of the native T. latifolia and the introduced T. angustifolia, and T. × glauca was found in two of the mixed stands. We recommend removal of the invasive T. angustifolia and T. × glauca individuals and the establishment of a monitoring plan in order to maintain the long-term health of the cattail marshes at PCCI. Keywords: Typha spp., RAPD markers, invasive species 1 INTRODUCTION Species of Typha L. (Typhaceae), commonly known as cattails, are highly productive emergent plants that grow in a variety of wetland habitats throughout the world (McManus et al.
  • Cattail, Typha Latifolia

    Cattail, Typha Latifolia

    BROAD-LEAVED the young shoots are steamed they taste like cabbage. The base of the stem where it attaches to the rhizome CATTAIL can be boiled or roasted like potatoes. The young flower stalks can be taken out of their sheaths and Typha latifolia L. can be boiled or steamed just like corn (Roos-Collins plant symbol = TYLA 1990; Clarke 1977). Contributed By: USDA, NRCS, National Plant Data Cattail pollen is a fine substitute for flours. It is a Center & Idaho Plant Materials Center bright yellow or green color, and turns pancakes, cookies or biscuits a pretty yellow color (which Alternate Names children love). The rhizomes (underground stems) Flags, rushes, bulrushes, cat o’nine tails, Cossack and lower stems have a sweet flavor and can be eaten raw, baked, roasted, or broiled. Cattail rhizomes are fairly high in starch content; this is usually listed at about 30% to 46%. The core can be ground into flour. One acre of cattails would yield about 6,475 pounds of flour (Harrington 1972). This flour would probably contain about 80 % carbohydrates and around 6% to 8% protein. Since cattail occurs around the world, it is a potential source of food for the worlds' population. Newly emerging shoots of cattails are edible, with delicate flavor and crispy asparagus like texture (Glenn Keator, Linda Yamane, Ann Lewis 1995). The end of a new stem of cattail is popular for eating with Washoes (Murphy 1959). When mixed with tallow, the brown fuzz can be chewed like gum. The Klamath and Modocs of northern California and southern Oregon make flexible baskets of twined tule or cattail.
  • Aquatic Vascular Plants of New England, Station Bulletin, No.517

    Aquatic Vascular Plants of New England, Station Bulletin, No.517

    University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository NHAES Bulletin New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station 2-1-1981 Aquatic vascular plants of New England, Station Bulletin, no.517 Crow, G. E. Hellquist, C. B. New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/agbulletin Recommended Citation Crow, G. E.; Hellquist, C. B.; and New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station, "Aquatic vascular plants of New England, Station Bulletin, no.517" (1981). NHAES Bulletin. 478. https://scholars.unh.edu/agbulletin/478 This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NHAES Bulletin by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. S ON BULLETIN 517 February, 1981 oo-5n Aquatic Vascular Plants of Ne^v England: Part 2. Typhaceae and Sparganiaceae by G. E. Crow and C. B. Hellquist NEW HAMPSHIRE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIRE ON BULLETIN 517 February, 1981 Aquatic Vascular Plants of New England: Part 2. Typhaceae and Sparganiaceae by G. E. Crow and C. B. Hellquist NEW HAMPSHIRE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIRE •' Nst; Hrirr-poliire Y •'_v--r-r 5 %^ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ^^ 5/:^ We wish to thank Drs. Ernest O. Beal, Vernon L. Harms, Arthur C. Mathieson, and Eugene C. Ogden for their helpful comments on the manuscript. We are also grateful to the curators of the following her- baria for use of their collections: BOSC, BRU, CONN, CUW, GH, HNH, KIRI, MASS, MAINE, NCBS, NHA, NEBC, VT, YU.
  • Taxonomy Monocots

    Taxonomy Monocots

    Taxonomy Monocots- 1. Typhaceae - commonly called the Cattail Family (aceae ending means family). These are emergent, rhizomatons, found in fresh or brackish waters. • Typha (genus) domingensis (species): This is the species found in AZ. • Typha latifolia 2. Potamogetonaceae - the Pondweed Family. This family is rooted and submerged. • Potamogeton: commonly known as Pondweeds; many species are found. • Ruppia: commonly known as Widgeon grass; found in fresh or brackish waters. • Zannichelia: commonly known as Horned Pondweed; found in fresh or brackish waters. • Zoestra: marine seagrass. • Halodule: marine seagrass. • Cymodocea: marine seagrass. • Phyllospadix: marine seagrass. 3. Najadaceae - the Niad Family. This family is also rooted and submerged; there is only one genus. • Najas marina: commonly known as the spiny niad; found in brackish waters. Typically known as a problem plant because it grows course and very quickly. 4. Hydrocharitaceae - the Frogbit Family. This family is rooted and submerged, and is found in fresh and marine waters. • Anacharis densa: commonly known as Waterweed, also called Elodea. A very common aquarium plant, considered a problem plant in freshwater lakes. • Halophila: found in marine habitats. • Thalassia: commonly known as Turtlegrass (another type of seagrass); found in marine habitats. • Vallisneria: commonly known as Wild Celery, a common food for ducks and other water fowl; found in freshwater. 5. Graminaceae (Poaceae)- the Grass Family. Grasses can be identified by the swollen base of each leaf where it meets the stem. This is called a ligule. There are 22 genera, important ones are listed. Most of these are emergent and rooted. • Phragmites australis: commonly known as the Giant Reed, similar to Arundo; found in freshwater.
  • ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: SECRETIVE MARSHBIRDS of URBAN WETLANDS in the WASHINGTON, DC METROPOLITAN AREA Patrice Nielson

    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: SECRETIVE MARSHBIRDS of URBAN WETLANDS in the WASHINGTON, DC METROPOLITAN AREA Patrice Nielson

    ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: SECRETIVE MARSHBIRDS OF URBAN WETLANDS IN THE WASHINGTON, DC METROPOLITAN AREA Patrice Nielson, Doctor of Philosophy 2016 Dissertation directed by: Dr. William Bowerman and Dr. Andrew Baldwin Environmental Science and Technology Secretive marshbirds are in decline across their range and are species of greatest conservation need in state Wildlife Action Plans. However, their secretive nature means there is relatively sparse information available on their ecology. There is demand for this information in the Washington, DC area for updating conservation plans and guiding wetland restoration. Rapid Wetland Assessment Methods are often used to monitor success of restoration but it is unknown how well they indicate marshbird habitat. Using the Standardized North American Marshbird Monitoring Protocol, I surveyed 51 points in 25 marshes in the DC area in 2013 – 2015. I also collected data on marsh area, buffer width, vegetation/water interspersion, vegetation characteristics, flooding, and invertebrates. At each bird survey point I assessed wetland quality using the Floristic Quality Assessment Index (FQAI) and California Rapid Wetland Assessment (CRAM) methods. I used Program Presence to model detection and occupancy probabilities of secretive marshbirds as a function of habitat variables. I found king rails (Rallus elegans) at five survey sites and least bittern (Ixobrychus exilis) at thirteen survey sites. Secretive marshbirds were using both restored and natural marshes, marshes with and without invasive plant species, and marshes with a variety of dominant vegetation species. King rail occupancy was positively correlated with plant diversity and invertebrate abundance and weakly negatively correlated with persistent vegetation. Least bittern occupancy was strongly negatively correlated woody vegetation and invertebrate abundance and weakly positively correlated with persistent vegetation.
  • Narrowleaf Cattail

    Narrowleaf Cattail

    NARROWLEAF The Klamath and Modoc peoples of northern California and southern Oregon made flexible CATTAIL baskets of twined cattail. Cattails were also twined to form mats of varying sizes for sleeping, sitting, Typha angustifolia L. working, entertaining, covering doorways, providing plant symbol = TYAN shade, and a myriad of other uses. Lengths of cattail were plied into rope or other size cordage, and cattail Contributed By: USDA, NRCS, National Plant Data rope was used in some areas to bind bundles of tule Center & Idaho Plant Materials Center into tule boats. Air pockets or aerenchyma in the stems provided the buoyancy for good boat-building Alternate Names material. flags, rushes, bulrushes, cat o’nine The Cahuilla Indians used the stalks for matting, tails, Cossack bedding material, and ceremonial bundles (Barrows asparagus, reed 1967). Some tribes used the leaves and sheath bases mace, baco as caulking materials. Apaches used the pollen in female puberty ceremonies. After dipping the spike Uses in coal oil, the stalk makes a fine torch. The fluff can Caution: This also be used as tinder, insulation, or for lining baby species can be very cradleboards. The down is used for baby beds invasive in disturbed (Murphey 1959). wetlands. Please read about the Wildlife: The multitudes of tiny, wind-carried seeds environmental are too small and too hairy to be attractive to birds concerns under (Hotchkiss and Dozier 1949). In a few exceptions, Management. the seeds are eaten by several duck species. Cattail rootstocks are much more valuable as food for Ethnobotanic: All wildlife than are the seeds. Geese and muskrats parts of the cattail prefer the stems and roots.
  • ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT for Typha Spp. North

    ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT for Typha Spp. North

    ELEMENT STEWARDSHIP ABSTRACT for Typha spp. North American Cattails To the User: Element Stewardship Abstracts (ESAs) are prepared to provide The Nature Conservancy's Stewardship staff and other land managers with current management-related information on those species and communities that are most important to protect, or most important to control. The abstracts organize and summarize data from numerous sources including literature and researchers and managers actively working with the species or community. We hope, by providing this abstract free of charge, to encourage users to contribute their information to the abstract. This sharing of information will benefit all land managers by ensuring the availability of an abstract that contains up-to-date information on management techniques and knowledgeable contacts. Contributors of information will be acknowledged within the abstract and receive updated editions. To contribute information, contact the editor whose address is listed at the end of the document. For ease of update and retrievability, the abstracts are stored on computer at the national office of The Nature Conservancy. This abstract is a compilation of available information and is not an endorsement of particular practices or products. Please do not remove this cover statement from the attached abstract. Authors of this Abstract: K. Motivans, S. Apfelbaum Applied Ecological Services, Inc © THE NATURE CONSERVANCY 1815 North Lynn Street, Arlington, Virginia 22209 (703) 841 5300 The Nature Conservancy Element Stewardship Abstract Typha spp North American cattails I. IDENTIFIERS Scientific-Name: Typha spp. Common-Name: cattail Description: The cattail genus (Typha spp.) is an erect, perennial freshwater aquatic herb which can grow 3 or more meters in height.
  • Lake Sawyer Integrated Aquatic Vegetation Management Plan King County, Washington

    Lake Sawyer Integrated Aquatic Vegetation Management Plan King County, Washington

    Lake Sawyer Integrated Aquatic Vegetation Management Plan King County, Washington February 2015 Alternate Formats Available Lake Sawyer Integrated Aquatic Vegetation Management Plan King County, Washington Prepared for: The City of Black Diamond Submitted by: King County Water and Land Resources Division Department of Natural Resources and Parks Funded in part by: The Washington State Department of Ecology Lake Sawyer Integrated Aquatic Vegetation Management Plan Acknowledgements The City of Black Diamond and King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks’ Water and Land Resources Division would like to thank the members of the Steering Committee for their help in the development of the lake Sawyer Integrated Aquatic Vegetation Management Plan. Additionally we would like to thank Jennifer Parsons and Lizbeth Seebacher from the Washington State Department of Ecology for their review and expertise in aquatic noxious weeds. Citation King County. 2015 Lake Sawyer Integrated Aquatic Vegetation Management Plan. Prepared by King County Freshwater Assessment Unit, Water and Land Resources Division. Seattle, Washington. King County Science and Technical Support Section i February 2015 Lake Sawyer Integrated Aquatic Vegetation Management Plan Table of Contents Executive Summary............................................................................................................................................. vi 1.0. Introduction .............................................................................................................................................