DOCSLIB.ORG

Pollination Syndromes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Pollination Syndromes Wind-pollinated Monocots Announcements Quizzes graded, grades available on GradeBook. MHG Project: Lab demos and key plants: MHG Tour today during lab. Group Keying Poaceae in lab today. Family Review: Useful field characteristics online Family review slides online Textbook DVD WTU Image Collection Medicinal Herb Garden/Greenhouse Phylogeny of angiosperms Angiosperms “Basal angiosperms” Parallel venation scattered vascular bundles 1 cotyledon Tricolpate pollen ANITA grade •Ambor ella •Nymphaeaceae •Illicium •T rimenia vessels •Austr obaileya (Jansen et al. 2007) Monocots (The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2009) Commelinids: Cyperaceae Commelinids Juncaceae Poaceae Typhaceae Arecaceae Bromeliaceae wind animal Richard Old Jack Dykinga Araceae Orchidaceae Cyperaceae Typhaceae Liliaceae Bromeliaceae Juncaceae Arecaceae* Iridaceae Poaceae Phylogeny of monocots (Graham et al. 2006) Animal Pollination Syndromes Syndrome = a series of characteristics, all related to some function in the plant. Many different kinds of insects function as pollinators; often these involve very different floral characteristics: Bees, butterflies, etc.: 1) flowers showy, with brightly colored petals 2) flowers usually with some food reward, two common ones are: pollen - protein rich reward nectar - rich in nutrients (e.g., amino acids and sugars) 3) flowers often with strong favorable scent during the day 4) flowers often with ultraviolet markings visible only to the insects (not to humans) Animal Pollination Syndromes Carrion flies (Blowflies): 1) flowers purple or brown or greenish-brown 2) flowers often close to the ground 3) scent strong and foul (like dead animal) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphophallus Animal Pollination Syndromes Moths: 1) flowers often white 2) flowers open and scent released in the evening or at night 3) nectar reward 4) flowers often long and tubular to limit access only to long tongued moths http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angraecum_sesquipedale http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angraecum_sesquipedale Animal Pollination Syndromes Birds often pollinate flowers, too: Hummingbirds (found in North and South America only): 1) flowers with long tubular corollas 2) flowers usually red 3) nectar reward in large quantity, rich in sugars (few other nutrients) 4) flowers often dangle away from plant so that bird can reach it while hovering In other parts of the world different birds, including honeycreepers (Hawaii), honeyeaters (Australia) and sunbirds (S. Africa) act as pollinators. Flowers adapted to these birds differ from those adapted for hummingbirds by having a “landing platform” for the birds to perch on, because they cannot hover. The flowers still have long tubular corollas and lots of sugar-rich nectar. Diana Bradshaw Freitas & Sazima 2006 Wind Pollination Syndrome 1) Flowers appear before leaves are out, or flowers extend above the rest of the plant. http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2365/2454884258_84354011c0.jpg Wind Pollination Syndrome 2) Often unisexual flowers, separate male and female flowers. Textbook DVD KRR & DLN Wind Pollination Syndrome 3) Large number of small flowers (especially males) & aggregated into dense inflorescences (catkins, spikelets, etc.). Textbook DVD KRR& DLN Textbook DVD KRR Wind Pollination Syndrome 4) Individual flowers small and inconspicuous and dull-colored - without parts for attraction. Textbook DVD KRR & DLN Textbook DVD KRR & DLN Wind Pollination Syndrome 5) Big stamens produce lots of pollen. Textbook DVD KRR & DLN Textbook DVD KRR & DLN Wind Pollination Syndrome 6) Stigmas large and plumose (feather-like) or roughened (papillate) to catch pollen on females. Textbook DVD KMN Textbook DVD KRR & DLN Wind Pollination Syndrome 7) Ratio of pollen grains to ovules VERY HIGH (up to 6,000 to 1 per flower). Textbook DVD KRR & DLN Typhaceae (Cattail family) Hannah Marx Hannah Marx Typha latifolia Typha angustifolia Typhaceae (Cattail family) 2 genera, 28 species (Typha [13], Sparganium [15]) Steven J. Baskauf 2002 Habit: Leaves: Typhaceae (Cattail family) Inflorescence: Flowers: Sex of plant: Textbook DVD KRR & DLN Typhaceae (Cattail family) Flower symmetry: Perianth parts: # of stamens: Textbook DVD KRR & DLN http://www.backyardnature.net/n/09/090419cu.jpg # of pistils/flower: # of carpels/pistil: Ovary position: Typhaceae (Cattail family) Fruit type: http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/401/Magnoliophyta/Liliopsida/Poales/Typhaceae/Typha/Typha_latifolia/ http://www.aphotoflora.com/DevonandCornwall/Sparganium%20erectum-sh-27-07-06.jpg Poaceae/Gramineae (Grass family) Triticum aestivum Oryza sativa - rice Textbook DVD KRR wheat Sorghum vulgare Textbook DVD KRR http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content-nw/full/21/suppl_3/161S/F1 sorghum Zea mays - corn Poaceae/Gramineae (Grass family) Note: Alternate family names with an -ae ending are permitted by the ICBN for a few families. Textbook DVD WSJ 650 genera, 9700 species One of the largest plant families! Textbook DVD JRA Habit: Stems: Leaves: Textbook DVD DLN Poaceae/Gramineae (Grass family) Inflorescence: Flowers: Textbook DVD KRR & DLN Textbook DVD KRR & DLN Sex of plant: http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/botany/botany_map/images/0645.jpg Poaceae/Gramineae (Grass family) Flower symmetry: Perianth parts: # of stamens: # of pistils/flower: # of carpels/pistil: http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/pae/botany/botany_map/images/0645.jpg Ovary position: Poaceae/Gramineae (Grass family) Fruit type: Textbook DVD KRR Textbook DVD KRR Cyperaceae (Sedge family) Scirpus microcarpus Rhynchospora alba panicled bulrush Ben Legler white beaksedge Ben Legler Cyperaceae (Sedge family) http://www.alibaba.com/member/hanour.html/viewimg/photo/10900431/Egyptian_Papyrus_Drawing.jpg.html Cyperus papyrus Ancient Egyptians used this species for making paper http://www.hear.org/starr/images/images/plants/full/starr-070221-4773.jpg Cyperaceae (Sedge family) Eleocharis dulcis water chestnut edible corms Cyperaceae (Sedge family) Textbook DVD JRA 104 genera, 4500 species (Carex, Cyperus, Eleocharis) Habit: Stems: Leaves: Textbook DVD JRA Cyperaceae (Sedge family) Inflorescence: Flowers: Sex of plant: Textbook DVD KRR+DLN Textbook DVD KRR+DLN Cyperaceae (Sedge family) Textbook DVD KRR & DLN Flower symmetry: Perianth parts: # of stamens: Textbook DVD KRR & DLN # of pistils/flower: # of carpels/pistil: Ovary position: Cyperaceae (Sedge family) Fruit type: Juncaceae (Rush family) Textbook DVD WSJ Textbook DVD CSC Juncus dichotomous Luzula multiflora Juncaceae (Rush family) 6 genera, 400 species (Juncus [300], Luzula[80]) Habit: Stems: http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2365/2454884258_84354011c0.jpg Leaves: Ben Legler Juncaceae (Rush family) Inflorescence: Flowers: Sex of plant: Jim Riley Juncaceae (Rush family) Flower symmetry: Perianth parts: # of stamens: # of pistils/flower: # of carpels/pistil: Ben Legler Ovary position: Juncaceae (Rush family) Fruit type: Luzula comosa Pacific woodrush Ben Legler Comparison of the three grass-like families Poaceae Cyperaceae Juncaceae Perianth reduced to reduced to 6-tepals (or lodicules bristles 3 sepals + 3 petals) Stem jointed, round, triangular, solid round, solid and usually or hollow hollow Ligule present usually no absent ligule, but Carex is exception Fruit caryopsis achene capsule “Sedges have edges, rushes are round, grasses have holes up from the ground, or…grasses have joints when cops don’t abound.” Comparison of the three grass-like families http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/grseru2.gif Arecaceae/Palmae (Palm family) Textbook DVD WSJ Textbook DVD WSJ Cocos nucifera Cocos nucifera Coconut palm Coconut palm Arecaceae/Palmae (Palm family) Note: Alternate family names with an -ae ending are permitted by the ICBN for a few families. Textbook DVD WSJ 200 genera, 2780 species (Cocos, Euterpe, Phoenix, Roystonia, Washingtonia) Habit: Stems: Textbook DVD WSJ Leaves: Arecaceae/Palmae (Palm family) Inflorescence: Flowers: Sex of plant: Arecaceae/Palmae (Palm family) Flower symmetry: Perianth parts: # of stamens: # of pistils/flower: # of carpels/pistil: Textbook DVD SZ Ovary position: Arecaceae/Palmae (Palm family) Fruit type: http://www.skrewtips.com/img/dates_fruits.jpg .
Recommended publications
  • The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event

    The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks Bioblitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 ON THIS PAGE Photograph of BioBlitz participants conducting data entry into iNaturalist. Photograph courtesy of the National Park Service. ON THE COVER Photograph of BioBlitz participants collecting aquatic species data in the Presidio of San Francisco. Photograph courtesy of National Park Service. The 2014 Golden Gate National Parks BioBlitz - Data Management and the Event Species List Achieving a Quality Dataset from a Large Scale Event Natural Resource Report NPS/GOGA/NRR—2016/1147 Elizabeth Edson1, Michelle O’Herron1, Alison Forrestel2, Daniel George3 1Golden Gate Parks Conservancy Building 201 Fort Mason San Francisco, CA 94129 2National Park Service. Golden Gate National Recreation Area Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1061 Sausalito, CA 94965 3National Park Service. San Francisco Bay Area Network Inventory & Monitoring Program Manager Fort Cronkhite, Bldg. 1063 Sausalito, CA 94965 March 2016 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate comprehensive information and analysis about natural resources and related topics concerning lands managed by the National Park Service.
  • The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts

    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts

    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory,
  • Bulletin / New York State Museum

    Bulletin / New York State Museum

    Juncaceae (Rush Family) of New York State Steven E. Clemants New York Natural Heritage Program LIBRARY JUL 2 3 1990 NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN Contributions to a Flora of New York State VII Richard S. Mitchell, Editor Bulletin No. 475 New York State Museum The University of the State of New York THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Albany, New York 12230 NEW YORK THE STATE OF LEARNING Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2017 with funding from IMLS LG-70-15-0138-15 https://archive.org/details/bulletinnewyorks4751 newy Juncaceae (Rush Family) of New York State Steven E. Clemants New York Natural Heritage Program Contributions to a Flora of New York State VII Richard S. Mitchell, Editor 1990 Bulletin No. 475 New York State Museum The University of the State of New York THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT Albany, New York 12230 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of The University Martin C. Barell, Chancellor, B.A., I. A., LL.B Muttontown R. Carlos Carballada, Vice Chancellor , B.S Rochester Willard A. Genrich, LL.B Buffalo Emlyn 1. Griffith, A. B., J.D Rome Jorge L. Batista, B. A., J.D Bronx Laura Bradley Chodos, B.A., M.A Vischer Ferry Louise P. Matteoni, B.A., M.A., Ph.D Bayside J. Edward Meyer, B.A., LL.B Chappaqua Floyd S. Linton, A.B., M.A., M.P.A Miller Place Mimi Levin Lieber, B.A., M.A Manhattan Shirley C. Brown, B.A., M.A., Ph.D Albany Norma Gluck, B.A., M.S.W Manhattan James W.
  • (BCF), Translocation Factor (TF) and Metal Enrichment Factor (MEF) Abilities of Aquatic Macrophyte Species Exposed to Metal Contaminated Wastewater

    (BCF), Translocation Factor (TF) and Metal Enrichment Factor (MEF) Abilities of Aquatic Macrophyte Species Exposed to Metal Contaminated Wastewater

    ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710 International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (A High Impact Factor, Monthly, Peer Reviewed Journal) Visit: www.ijirset.com Vol. 8, Issue 1, January 2019 Evaluation of Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF), Bioconcentration Factor (BCF), Translocation Factor (TF) and Metal Enrichment Factor (MEF) Abilities of Aquatic Macrophyte Species Exposed to Metal Contaminated Wastewater S. S. Shingadgaon1, B.L. Chavan2 Research Scholar, Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Solapur University, Solapur, MS, India1 Former Professor and Head, Department of Environmental Science, Solapur University Solapur and presently working at Department of Environmental Science, Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, MS, India 2 ABSTRACT: Wastewaters receiving aquatic bodies are quiet complex in terms of pollutants, the transport and interactions with heavy metals. This complexity is primarily due to high variability of pollutants, contaminants and related parameters. The macrophytes are plausible bio-indicators of the pollution load and level of metals within the aquatic systems than the wastewater or sediment analyses. The potential ability of aquatic macrophytes in natural water bodies receiving municipal sewage from Solapur city was assessed. Data from the studies on macrophytes exposed to a mixed test bath of metals and examined to know their potentialities to accumulate heavy metals for judging their suitability for phytoremediation technology
  • Introduction to Common Native & Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska

    Introduction to Common Native & Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska

    Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska Cover photographs by (top to bottom, left to right): Tara Chestnut/Hannah E. Anderson, Jamie Fenneman, Vanessa Morgan, Dana Visalli, Jamie Fenneman, Lynda K. Moore and Denny Lassuy. Introduction to Common Native & Potential Invasive Freshwater Plants in Alaska This document is based on An Aquatic Plant Identification Manual for Washington’s Freshwater Plants, which was modified with permission from the Washington State Department of Ecology, by the Center for Lakes and Reservoirs at Portland State University for Alaska Department of Fish and Game US Fish & Wildlife Service - Coastal Program US Fish & Wildlife Service - Aquatic Invasive Species Program December 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................ x Introduction Overview ............................................................................. xvi How to Use This Manual .................................................... xvi Categories of Special Interest Imperiled, Rare and Uncommon Aquatic Species ..................... xx Indigenous Peoples Use of Aquatic Plants .............................. xxi Invasive Aquatic Plants Impacts ................................................................................. xxi Vectors ................................................................................. xxii Prevention Tips .................................................... xxii Early Detection and Reporting
  • (A) Journals with the Largest Number of Papers Reporting Estimates Of

    (A) Journals with the Largest Number of Papers Reporting Estimates Of

    Supplementary Materials Figure S1. (a) Journals with the largest number of papers reporting estimates of genetic diversity derived from cpDNA markers; (b) Variation in the diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) of the journals publishing studies on cpDNA markers over time. Figure S2. (a) The number of publications containing estimates of genetic diversity obtained using cpDNA markers, in relation to the nationality of the corresponding author; (b) The number of publications on genetic diversity based on cpDNA markers, according to the geographic region focused on by the study. Figure S3. Classification of the angiosperm species investigated in the papers that analyzed genetic diversity using cpDNA markers: (a) Life mode; (b) Habitat specialization; (c) Geographic distribution; (d) Reproductive cycle; (e) Type of flower, and (f) Type of pollinator. Table S1. Plant species identified in the publications containing estimates of genetic diversity obtained from the use of cpDNA sequences as molecular markers. Group Family Species Algae Gigartinaceae Mazzaella laminarioides Angiospermae Typhaceae Typha laxmannii Angiospermae Typhaceae Typha orientalis Angiospermae Typhaceae Typha angustifolia Angiospermae Typhaceae Typha latifolia Angiospermae Araliaceae Eleutherococcus sessiliflowerus Angiospermae Polygonaceae Atraphaxis bracteata Angiospermae Plumbaginaceae Armeria pungens Angiospermae Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia kaempferi Angiospermae Polygonaceae Atraphaxis compacta Angiospermae Apocynaceae Lagochilus macrodontus Angiospermae Polygonaceae Atraphaxis
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park

    Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park

    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks.
  • Proceedings of the Workshop on the Creation of Channels and Ponds Within Cattail Marshes on the Bay of Quinte, and a Conceptual Plan

    Proceedings of the Workshop on the Creation of Channels and Ponds Within Cattail Marshes on the Bay of Quinte, and a Conceptual Plan

    PROCEEDINGS OF THE WORKSHOP ON THE CREATION OF CHANNELS AND PONDS WITHIN CATTAIL MARSHES ON THE BAY OF QUINTE, AND A CONCEPTUAL PLAN. PREPARED BY ANDY SMITH BAY OF QUINTE REMEDIAL ACTION PLAN JANUARY, 1995 PREFACE On August 17 and 18, 1994 a workshop was held to bring together scientists and members of , , the Bay of Quinte Implementation Advisory Committee (formally the Public Advisory Committee) to discuss enhancing Quinte wetlands by dredging channels and ponds in dense cattail stands. The goals for the workshop were to review the impacts of this technique, discuss its advantages and disadvantages, and design a new channel/pond system. This report is a summary of the workshop and a conceptual plan for a project based on recommendations from the workshop. If implemented this experimental/demonstration project will be studied to determine the effectiveness of creating open water areas within dense cattail stands for providing habitat for variety of species. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 Workshop Introduction ...................................... 1 2.0 Summary of Workshop Presentations and Discussions:~,' ................. 3 2.1 A Literature Review of the Impacts to Wildlife of Channel Creation Through Monotypic Cattail Stands as Proposed at the Bay of Quinte Area of Concern 3 2.2 Studies Conducted on Wetlands in The Quinte Area, 1994 ........... 4 2.2.1 Review of Some Recent Wetland Enhancement Projects in the Quinte Area and Creation techniques. 4 2.2.2 Fisheries Assessment of Some Wetland Enhancement Projects in the Quinte Area . 5 2.2.3 List of Plants and Animals Observed During the Tour of Sawguin Creek Marsh, August 17, 1994 ..........................
  • Competition from Below for Light and Nutrients Shifts Productivity Among Tropical Species

    Competition from Below for Light and Nutrients Shifts Productivity Among Tropical Species

    Competition from below for light and nutrients shifts productivity among tropical species John J. Ewela,1 and Mari´a Julia Mazzarinob aDepartment of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; and bConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Te´cnicas de Argentina, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina Edited by Christopher B. Field, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA, and approved October 3, 2008 (received for review July 24, 2008) Chance events such as seed dispersal determine the potential canopy: Hyeronima alchorneoides, Cedrela odorata, and Cordia composition of plant communities, but the eventual assemblage is alliodora; 1 alien palm, Euterpe oleracea, which has a native determined in large part by subsequent interactions among spe- congener; and 1 native, giant perennial herb, Heliconia imbricata cies. Postcolonization sorting also affects the ultimate composition (all species are referred to hereafter by genus). The intent was of communities assembled by people for restoration, horticulture, to encompass some of the variability within the broad category or conservation. Thus, knowledge of the mechanisms controlling of canopy-tree life form while holding the identity of the interspecific interactions in plant communities is important for monocots (palm and herb) constant. Among other differences, explaining patterns observed in nature and predicting success or Hyeronima (like the 2 monocots) is never leafless whereas the failure of utilitarian combinations. Relationships among species, other 2 tree species are deciduous after attaining age 5–7 yr, especially those from studies of biological diversity and ecosystem Cedrela in the dry season and Cordia in the wet season. Tree functioning, are largely based on studies of short-lived, temperate- seedlings were planted at high density (2,887 plants per hectare) zone plants.
  • National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation

    National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation

    National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation Project ID(s): R01Y19P01: Quinault Indian Nation, fiscal year 2019 Project area The project area (Figure 1) is restricted to the Quinault Indian Nation, bounded by Grays Harbor Co. Jefferson Co. and the Olympic National Park. Appendix A: USGS 7.5-minute Quadrangles: Queets, Salmon River West, Salmon River East, Matheny Ridge, Tunnel Island, O’Took Prairie, Thimble Mountain, Lake Quinault West, Lake Quinault East, Taholah, Shale Slough, Macafee Hill, Stevens Creek, Moclips, Carlisle. • < 0. Figure 1. QIN NWI+ 2019 project area (red outline). Source Imagery: Citation: For all quads listed above: See Appendix A Citation Information: Originator: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office Publication Date: 2017 Publication place: Salt Lake City, Utah Title: Digital Orthoimagery Series of Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Other_Citation_Details: 1-meter and 1-foot, Natural Color and NIR-False Color Collateral Data: . USGS 1:24,000 topographic quadrangles . USGS – NHD – National Hydrography Dataset . USGS Topographic maps, 2013 . QIN LiDAR DEM (3 meter) and synthetic stream layer, 2015 . Previous National Wetlands Inventories for the project area . Soil Surveys, All Hydric Soils: Weyerhaeuser soil survey 1976, NRCS soil survey 2013 . QIN WET tables, field photos, and site descriptions, 2016 to 2019, Janice Martin, and Greg Eide Inventory Method: Wetland identification and interpretation was done “heads-up” using ArcMap versions 10.6.1. US Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) mapping contractors in Portland, Oregon completed the original aerial photo interpretation and wetland mapping. Primary authors: Nicholas Jones of SWCA Environmental Consulting. 100% Quality Control (QC) during the NWI mapping was provided by Michael Holscher of SWCA Environmental Consulting.
  • Pollination Syndrome Table Pollinator Flower Characteristics Nectar Color Shape Odor Bloom Time Pollen Guides Bat

    Pollination Syndrome Table Pollinator Flower Characteristics Nectar Color Shape Odor Bloom Time Pollen Guides Bat

    POLLINATION SYNDROME TABLE POLLINATOR FLOWER CHARACTERISTICS NECTAR COLOR SHAPE ODOR BLOOM TIME POLLEN GUIDES BAT Strong, musty, None Ample fruity Funnel or bowl shaped BEE Fresh, mild, Limited; often pleasant sticky, scented UV Closed lip with hori- zontal landing platform BUTTERFLY Faint but fresh Limited Composite with long, narrow tubes and landing platform HUMMINGBIRD None None Limited Tubular, hangs down- ward or sideways BATS Saguaro Agave Pollinator Characteristics: Color vision in white, green, purple range Good sense of smell, especially strong fragrances Large tongue to suck up hidden nectar Hairy head and body Good flyer Active during the night Flower Characteristics: BLOOM NECTAR COLOR SHAPE ODOR POLLEN TIME GUIDES Funnel or White or Strong, bowl shaped, Nighttime None Ample pale green high above musty, fruity ground Pollinated plants in Tohono Chul: Saguaro, Organ Pipe, Agave BEES Desert Willow Prickly Pear Mexican Sunflower Salvia Pollinator Characteristics: Large, compound eyes Good color vision in ultra-violet (UV), yellow, blue and green range Good sense of smell “Pack” pollen on hairy underside and between hairy legs to carry it back to nests to feed larvae Active during the day Flower Characteristics: BLOOM NECTAR COLOR SHAPE ODOR POLLEN TIME GUIDES Closed lip Bright white, with Limited; Fresh, mild, yellow, blue or horizontal Daytime Present often sticky, pleasant UV landing scented platform Pollinated plants in Tohono Chul: Carpenter bees: Desert Senna, Ocotillo (cheating), Squash, Tomatoes Bumblebees:
  • GENOME EVOLUTION in MONOCOTS a Dissertation

    GENOME EVOLUTION in MONOCOTS a Dissertation

    GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By Kate L. Hertweck Dr. J. Chris Pires, Dissertation Advisor JULY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS Presented by Kate L. Hertweck A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. J. Chris Pires Dr. Lori Eggert Dr. Candace Galen Dr. Rose‐Marie Muzika ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for their assistance during the course of my graduate education. I would not have derived such a keen understanding of the learning process without the tutelage of Dr. Sandi Abell. Members of the Pires lab provided prolific support in improving lab techniques, computational analysis, greenhouse maintenance, and writing support. Team Monocot, including Dr. Mike Kinney, Dr. Roxi Steele, and Erica Wheeler were particularly helpful, but other lab members working on Brassicaceae (Dr. Zhiyong Xiong, Dr. Maqsood Rehman, Pat Edger, Tatiana Arias, Dustin Mayfield) all provided vital support as well. I am also grateful for the support of a high school student, Cady Anderson, and an undergraduate, Tori Docktor, for their assistance in laboratory procedures. Many people, scientist and otherwise, helped with field collections: Dr. Travis Columbus, Hester Bell, Doug and Judy McGoon, Julie Ketner, Katy Klymus, and William Alexander. Many thanks to Barb Sonderman for taking care of my greenhouse collection of many odd plants brought back from the field.