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Water Governance Study Phase 2 85 Water Governance in Cumbria Phase 2 Report Created by: Yvonne Rees, Lauren Duffield and Rosa Richards Eunomia Research and Consulting Ltd Date published: March 2021 About Natural Course 78% of water bodies in North West England are failing to meet a good ecological status* and solutions are often found to be too expensive to implement. Natural Course is a collaboration of organisations in North West England from public, private and third sector who, together, will seek cost-effective solutions to improving water quality across urban and rural landscapes, sharing best practice across the UK and Europe. *Environment Agency, North West River Basin District 2015 Natural Course will: • Test and inform best practice in achieving UK and EU legislation in water quality • Use the North West River Basin District as a flagship project and share best practice with the UK and Europe • Make better use of resources, share ownership of complex issues and maximise outcomes through a collaborative approach of organisations from public, private and third sector. Join the conversation @Natural_Course #NaturalCourse Report for Natural Course Prepared by Yvonne Rees, Lauren Duffield and Rosa Richards Approved by Yvonne Rees (Project Director) Eunomia Research & Consulting Ltd Tel: +44 (0)117 9172250 37 Queen Square Fax: +44 (0)8717 142942 Bristol Web: www.eunomia.co.uk BS1 4QS United Kingdom Acknowledgements In developing this report, the research team have very much relied on the knowledge and views of both the Natural Course Team and a wide range of others involved in water management in Cumbria as well as other experts working nationally. We would like to thank all of those who have shared their expertise with us openly and honestly. Thank you! Disclaimer Eunomia Research & Consulting has taken due care in the preparation of this report to ensure that all facts and analysis presented are as accurate as possible within the scope of the project. However, no guarantee is provided in respect of the information presented, and Eunomia Research & Consulting is not responsible for decisions or actions taken on the basis of the content of this report. Version Control Table Version Date Author Description V0.1 01/05/20 Yvonne Rees Outline 23/08/20 Yvonne Rees First draft (internal) V0.2 Rosa Richards 07/09/20 Yvonne Rees Survey results added, descriptions V0.3 Rosa Richards reviewed and amended Lauren Duffield 22/09/20 Yvonne Rees Updated survey analysis, added and V0.4 Rosa Richards results amended Lauren Duffield 30/11/20 Yvonne Rees Internal drafts reviewed and sent to client V0.5 Rosa Richards Lauren Duffield 04/12/20 Yvonne Rees Draft final but with Appendices to be V0.9 Rosa Richards rationalised (sent to client for approval) Lauren Duffield 12/12/20 Yvonne Rees Draft final version V1.0 Lauren Duffield V1.1 08/02/21 Yvonne Rees Client comments with responses 01/03/21 Yvonne Rees Final version with client comments V1.4 addressed V2.0 02/03/21 Lauren Duffield Sent to Client 04/03/21 Lauren Duffield Final query addressed, faulty cross- V2.1 references fixed Contents 1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Approach .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 The Report ................................................................................................................ 2 2.0 Water in Cumbria .................................................................................................. 3 2.1 Key Water Issues ...................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Summary of characteristics by catchment ............................................................... 7 3.0 Water Governance in Cumbria............................................................................... 8 3.1 Key Players ............................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Specific Plans, Policies and Strategies .................................................................... 14 3.3 Funding Mechanisms ............................................................................................. 15 3.4 Co-ordination ......................................................................................................... 16 4.0 Stakeholder views on Water Governance in Cumbria ............................................ 29 4.1 Overall Performance & OECD Indicators................................................................ 30 4.2 Key Issues in Water Governance ............................................................................ 31 4.3 Support for Alternative Approaches ...................................................................... 37 5.0 Summary and Next Steps ..................................................................................... 41 Appendices ................................................................................................................ 44 A.1.0 Methods ................................................................................................................. 45 A.2.0 Survey on Water Governance in Cumbria: Analysis of Results .............................. 53 A.3.0 Further Information Supporting the Survey .......................................................... 78 A.4.0 Further Detail on Partnerships in Cumbria ............................................................ 84 Common Abbreviations 25 Year Environmental Plan (25YEP) Asset Management Planning (AMP) Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) Catchment Based Approach (CaBA) Catchment Systems Operator (CaSO) Catchment Systems Thinking (CaST) Community Infrastructure Levy and section 108 (CIL/s108) Catchment Sensitive Farming (CSF) Cumbria Strategic Flood Partnership (CSFP) Department for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) Drainage and Wastewater Management Plan (DWMP) Drought Plan (DP) Environment Agency (EA) Environmental Land Management Scheme (ELMS) European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management (FCERM) Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management (FCERM) Flood Risk Management Plan (FRMP) Forestry Commission (FC) Flood risk partnership funding (FRPF) Grant-in-Aid (GiA) Greater Manchester Combined Authority (GMCA) Internal Drainage Boards (IDBs) Lake District Foundation (LDF) Lake District National Park Authority (LDNPA) Landscape Enterprise Networks (LENS) Lead Local Flood Authority (LLFA) Local Authority (LA) Local Enterprise Partnership (LEP) National Farmers Union of England and Wales (NFU) Natural England (NE) Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) North West River Basin District (NWRBD) North West (NW) Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Regional Flood and Coastal Committee (RFCC) Risk Management Authority (RMA) River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) Rural Payments Agency (RPA) Special Area of Conservation Interest (SAC) Special Site of Scientific Interest (SSSI) Sustainable Catchment Management Programme (SCaMP) Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) Office for Water Services (OFWAT) United Utilities (UU) Water Company (WC) Water Environment Grant (WEG) Water Framework Directive (WFD) Water Industry National Environment Programme (WINEP) Water Quality (WQ) Water Resource Management Plan (WRMP) Yorkshire Dales National Park Authority (YDNPA) vi 01/03/2021 1.0 Introduction Natural Course commissioned Eunomia Research & Consulting to “take a high-level look at water governance across the region; look more specifically at the governance in Cumbria; assess existing work as well as domestic and international best practice; and recommend a suitable governance structure which could be trialled in Cumbria”. Natural Course is an EU Life IP funded programme comprised of organisations who all operate within the North West of England, working together to seek cost-effective solutions to improve the Water Framework Directive (WFD) Status in the region, by sharing best practice from across the UK and Europe. Natural Course’s key aim is to make better use of resources, share ownership of complex issues and reduce barriers and maximise outcomes, by taking a collaborative approach with others from the public, private and third sector. This requires a good understanding of how water governance is operated and how this might be improved. The research sought to answer the following questions: 1) What are the specific issues facing water management in the North West and Cumbria specifically? 2) How is water governed in the North West generally, and specifically in the catchments of Cumbria? 3) What aspects of water governance work well and which do not? 4) What is needed to improve the governance of water in Cumbria? 5) What alternative governance structures would enable better co-ordination/governance of water in Cumbria and the North West? 6) What do stakeholders feel about alternative governance structures? 7) What would need to be done to trial alternative governance structures in Cumbria? To anchor the research to well-established international practices, responses to the questions were considered in terms of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)1 framework for assessing water governance. 1.1 Approach The research comprises 3 phases, each involving significant stakeholder engagement: • Phase 1: A desk top high-level study of water governance arrangements in the
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