Preliminary Ecological Appraisals Sites Being Considered For

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Preliminary Ecological Appraisals

Sites being considered for allocation for future development within the Lancaster District Local Plan

August 2017

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

For

Lancaster City Council

The Greater Manchester Ecology Unit Clarence Arcade Stamford Street Ashton-under-Lyne Manchester OL6

[email protected]

August 2017

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

CONTENTS Page

1 Introduction 5

2 Legislative and Planning Policy Context 6

3 Methodology 12

4 Results 16

Grab Lane East and West 17

South Carnforth 24

Torrisholme 32

Fair View 38

Slyne-with-Hest 41

Land East of Tithebarn Hill 46

Land North of Manchester to Morecambe Rail Line 50

Land South of Pinewood Close 53

White Lund Industrial Estate 58

South Lancaster 61

Dolphinholme 75

East Lancaster (East of the M6) 84

East Lancaster (West of the M6) 90

North Lancaster 96

Former Pontins Holiday Camp, Carr Lane 102

Lune Industrial Estate and Surrounding Land 106

Land South of Low Road 110

Forest Hills 114

Lancaster West Business Park 122

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

6 Great Crested Newt Survey Results 126

7 References 127

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Preliminary Ecological Appraisal of Sites under consideration for allocation for future development by Lancaster City Council

1 Introduction

1.1 GMEU was first commissioned in 2016 on behalf of Lancaster City Council to undertake preliminary ecological surveys and assessments of sites being considered for potential allocation for future development through the Local Plan for Lancaster District; appraisals have been undertaken in accordance with the CIEEM ‘Guidelines for Preliminary Ecological Appraisal 20131’.

The Guidelines State -

‘Preliminary ecological surveys have a range of purposes; one key use is in the site development process to gather data on existing conditions, often with the intention of conducting a preliminary assessment of likely impacts of development schemes or establishing the baseline for future monitoring. As a precursor to a proposed project, some evaluation is usually made within these appraisals of the ecological features present, as well as scoping for notable species or habitats, identification of potential constraints to proposed development schemes and recommendations for mitigation’.

‘Preliminary Ecological Appraisals are also an important preliminary step, whether taken by the developer or by the planning authority, to inform decisions as to whether a particular site should be included as an allocation in a development plan. The information obtained from such an appraisal is appropriate for use in the process of selecting preferred options and in the strategic environmental assessment of the Plan’.

Or in the case of the preparation of a Local Plan, the Sustainability Appraisal.

Although there are numerous terms used to describe the preliminary survey and reporting, ‘Ecological Appraisal’ is considered to be the term most suited to describing a preliminary or baseline level of survey or assessment.

1.2 The aim of preliminary surveys is not to provide a fully comprehensive suite of ecology surveys for sites, but rather to identify sites where ecological constraints to future development are likely to prove significant. Decisions can then be made as to further surveys that may be required to inform development proposals, to provide guidance as to the extent and type of ecological mitigation or compensation that may be required to accommodate development or to recommend that sites are removed from consideration for allocation because the ecological constraints identified are very significant and mitigation or compensation may not be possible or desirable.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

1.3 Preliminary Appraisals aim to identify ‘notable’ habitats and species. Material considerations in planning and similar types of decisions can be influenced by factors such as statutory protection given to habitats and species, local designations, UK or County BAP Priority habitats or species, Local Plan policies and species listed in the UK Red Data Book or RSPB Birds of Conservation Concern. Collectively these constitute ‘notable’ habitats and species.

1.4 The Guidelines for Preliminary Ecological Appraisal provide examples of situations where Ecological Appraisals should be undertaken in relation to proposed development. These include –

 To establish baseline conditions and determine the importance of ecological features present (or those that could be present) within the specified areas, as far as possible;  To establish any requirements for detailed/further surveys;  To identify key constraints to a particular project and make recommendations for design options to avoid significant effects on important ecological features/resources at an early stage;  To identify the mitigation measures, as far as possible including those that will be required (based on the results of further surveys or final scheme design); and  To identify enhancement opportunities.

1.5 The results of baseline appraisals are potentially of great importance as they often form the basis for further ecological surveys and EcIA’s/Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) and for setting of site management objectives. Consequently, without a consistent approach, important ecological features may be ‘scoped out’ or inadequately surveyed at this stage and are then overlooked in subsequent ecological assessments1.

2 Legislation and Planning Policy Context

2.1 The Legislative Framework for identifying ‘notable’ habitats and species

The most important habitats and species in land-use planning context are those which are protected by statute. The most relevant statutes include -

• The Convention on Biological Diversity (‘CBD’) 1992 - a multilateral treaty with the objective of developing national strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity. It has three main goals: the conservation of biological diversity (or biodiversity); the sustainable use of its components; and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic resources.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

• Nagoya Protocol, COP Decision X/2 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 – a global agreement on biodiversity which established a global vision for biodiversity, including a set of strategic goals and targets to drive action;

• Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations 2010 (as amended) – transposes the European Habitats and Birds Directives (Council Directive 92/43/EEC and 79/409/EEC respectively) into UK law. This conveys protection to certain listed species and to the habitats on which they rely to complete their lifecycle.

• The Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats 1979 (Bern Convention) – an international legal instrument in the field of Nature Conservation, covering the natural heritage in Europe and in some African countries. It is particularly concerned about protecting natural habitats and endangered species, including migratory species;

• The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 1979 (Bonn Convention) - aims to conserve terrestrial, marine and avian migratory species throughout their range. It is an intergovernmental treaty, concerned with the conservation of wildlife and habitats on a global scale.

• Wildlife & Countryside Act (W&CA) 1981 (as amended) – provides a national level of protection to specific animals and plants native and controls the release of non- native species;

• Countryside & Rights of Way (CROW) Act 2000 – extends the protection of certain species from reckless as well as intentional acts. Part III requires that government departments have ‘regard for the conservation of biodiversity’, something that is extended by the NERC Act 2000;

• Natural Environment and Rural Communities (NERC) Act 2006 – requires planning authorities to consider impacts on “habitats and species of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity” when determining planning applications. Section 41 (S41) lists habitats and species of principal importance (for biodiversity conservation), which are to be considered, irrespective of whether they are covered by other legislation. The S41 list was originally taken forward under the UK Biodiversity Action Plan (first published in 1994) but is now prioritised under the Biodiversity 2020 Strategy

• Hedgerows Regulations 1997 – protects ‘important’ hedgerows from being uprooted or destroyed. Importance is determined based on adjacent land use, age, historic value and ecological value (specific criteria are set out in the Regulations); and

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

• Protection of Badgers Act (PBA) 1992 – protection of badgers and their setts from killing, injury and certain acts of cruelty. Protection of setts from damage, obstruction or destruction.

2.2 The Policy Framework for identifying ‘notable’ habitats and species

2.2.1 National Policy

The National Planning Policy Framework (2012) (NPPF) Chapter 11: Conserving and Enhancing the Natural Environment requires that development delivers net gains in biodiversity in addition to minimising the impacts on biodiversity. It highlights the need to protect and enhance valued landscapes, geological conservation interests and soils, as well as recognising the wider benefits of ecosystems.

 National Planning Policy Guidance deals with “The Natural Environment” and paragraphs 8 to 23 deal with matters of biodiversity. The guidance details how the mitigation hierarchy (avoid-mitigate-compensate) should be applied and advises on how protected species and habitats of principal importance for the conservation of biodiversity (S41 features) should be considered in determining planning applications  The NPPF assumes protection of all ancient woodland and veteran trees unless it can be clearly demonstrated that the need of, or benefits of, development outweigh the loss. In this respect ancient woodland is defined as an area which has been wooded continuously since at least 1600 AD and a veteran as a tree of exceptional value for wildlife, in the landscape, or culturally because of its great age, size or condition.  The application of national planning policy, with regard to the assessment of net impacts on tree cover and quality, is reinforced by published guidance in the form of BS5837:2012. It should be assumed that any necessary tree removal should be mitigated or offset and that any application should be supported by an assessment of residual impact by a qualified arboriculturist. It should also be assumed that all ancient woodland and veteran trees are sacrosanct and must be incorporated appropriately within any development.  Making Space for Nature (Lawton, 2010), an independent published review of England’s wildlife sites and the connections between them, is widely recognised to have informed the subsequent White Paper (see below). This identified a number of recommendations to create a sustainable, resilient and more effective ecological network. This report led to an Ecological Network for certain habitats in Lancashire to be developed. The preliminary appraisals reported on here have taken account of this Network.  Natural Environment White Paper (The Stationery Office, 2011) set out the vision of repairing ‘inherited’ damage in the natural environment, leaving the

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

natural environment in fitter condition for future generations. Key aims of the White Paper can be summarised as a commitment to protect and improve the natural environment, to grow a green economy, to reconnect people and nature, and to international monitoring and reporting.  Biodiversity 2020: A strategy for England’s wildlife and ecosystem services (DEFRA, 2011) [Ref 10.18] provided a comprehensive picture of how international commitments are implemented. Four priority areas for action were identified including a more integrated large-scale approach to conservation on land and sea and reducing environmental pressures.

2.2.2 Local Policies

Most Relevant Saved Local Plan Policies (2004)

POLICY E12

In determining development proposals, the council will ensure that any impacts upon wildlife, wildlife habitats, protected species and important geological features are taken into full account. Where development is permitted, developers will be required to minimise any adverse impact and/or create and provide for the appropriate management of compensatory wildlife habitats.

POLICY E13

Development which would result in a significant adverse effect on, or involve the loss of, any significant area of woodland; significant trees; or any area of ancient woodland, will not be permitted.

POLICY E16

Development likely to damage or destroy a designated or proposed site of special scientific interest will not be permitted unless the need for development is of national importance and this demonstrably outweighs the need to protect the site. Where development is permitted, developers will be required to minimise adverse impacts and to compensate for these by appropriate habitat creation and/or enhancement measures either within the site or the immediate local area.

POLICY E17

Development likely to damage or destroy a county biological heritage site or county geological heritage site will not be permitted unless the need for development demonstrably outweighs the need to protect the site. Where development is permitted, developers will be required to minimise adverse impacts and to compensate for these by appropriate habitat creation or enhancement measures, either within the site or the immediate local area.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Core Strategy (2008)

Policy E1 ENVIRONMENTAL CAPITAL

Purpose: To improve the District’s Environment

The Council will safeguard and enhance the District’s Environmental Capital by applying national and regional planning policies and:

- Protecting and enhancing nature conservation sites, urban greenspaces, allotments, landscapes of national importance, listed buildings, conservation areas and archaeological sites; and - Identifying hoe habitats in urban and rural areas will be protected and, where possible, enhanced in extent and their diversity of wildlife species.

Development Management DPD (2014)

Policy DM27: The Protection and Enhancement of Biodiversity

The Council will require development proposals that have the potential to affect (directly or indirectly) an international, national or locally-designated site or protected habitats or species to be accompanied by relevant surveys and assessments detailing likely impacts and where necessary appropriate mitigation and compensatory measures.

Policy DM29: Protection of Trees, Hedgerows and Woodland

The Council will support the protection of trees and hedgerows which positively contribute, either as individual specimens or as part of a wider group, to the visual amenity and/or environmental value of the location. The council will also protect ancient trees ad seek to increase the resilience of all woodlands to climate change, pests and diseases.

2.3 Biodiversity Action Plans

It should be noted that although legally protected habitats and species are given significant weight in the planning system a large number of rare habitats or species do not receive direct legal protection. National and Local ‘Biodiversity Action Plan’ (BAP) designations relate to species or habitats that are not necessarily legally protected but which are nonetheless regarded as being of conservation concern at the national or local level, and for which Biodiversity Action Plans have been prepared.

2.3.1 ‘BAP’ habitats of relevance in Lancashire include –

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

 Arable farmland  Broadleaved and Mixed woodland  Calcareous Grassland  Limestone Pavement  Moorland and Fell  Mossland  Reedbed  Rivers and Streams  Saltmarsh / Estuarine Rivers  Sand Dunes  Species-rich Neutral Grassland

‘BAP’ species of relevance in Lancashire include –

 Brown hare  Farmland birds  White-clawed crayfish  Lapwing  Reed Bunting  Skylark  Song Thrush  Twite

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

3 Methodology

The Preliminary Ecological Appraisals have involved:

3.1 Desk-top surveys

3.1.1 Initial desk-based studies were conducted to identify notable (as defined above) or protected sites, habitats or species potentially affected by future development proposals. As part of which the following questions were addressed

o Are there any existing ecology assessments? o Will development of the site affect any statutory nature conservation sites? o Would a development proposal be likely to require a Habitats Regulations Assessment? o Will the development of the site affect any Local Wildlife Sites? o Does the site have any potential to support specially protected species? o Does the site support, or have the potential to support, priority habitat types? o Are there any identified ecological considerations that would impose a significant constraint to future developments?

Following which this work recommended where considered necessary which sites would require further survey work and when this would be required. For example prior to allocation or prior to development (at planning application stage). Some sites were screened out of the appraisal at this stage as not requiring further survey effort. Additionally in some cases following site surveys some of the surveys recommended through the desk-top analysis were deemed unnecessary.

Desktop Information included information obtained from –

o Multi-Agency Geographic Information for the Countryside (MAGIC) Map o Statutory protected sites and priority habitat inventory o Where’s the Path 3 Satellite & OS imagery o Google Maps Satellite imagery o Lancashire Bird Atlas 2007-2011 - Bird records, abundance and distribution data for Lancashire and Merseyside. o Lancashire Environmental Record Network (LERN)

Desk-based studies were based on different buffer zones around GIS site boundaries supplied by the Council. For international and nationally designated sites this buffer was set at 5km; for local wildlife sites the buffer was set at 1km.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

3.2 Field Surveys

3.2.1 Field surveys were based on the Phase 1 habitat survey (JNCC 2010). Within the survey area the land was classified, recorded and mapped in accordance with a list of ninety specified habitat types using standard definitions and colour codes as described in JNCC guidance. Phase 1 surveys allow for rapid visual assessment of the extent and distribution of different habitat types. Survey areas included land within the GIS site boundaries as supplied by the Council. The context of sites within the wider landscape was noted where this was considered to be most relevant.

3.2.2 In some cases an extension of this basic survey methodology to provide further details in relation to notable or protected habitats present within the survey area, or in relation to habitats present that have the potential to support notable or protected species, was carried out. This type of survey is known as an ‘Extended Phase 1 habitat survey’.

3.2.3 An assessment of habitat condition e.g. woodlands with a good layered structure or with standing dead timber; grasslands grazed, rank or ‘tussocky’; ponds shaded or not; watercourses fast or slow flowing, poached banks; etc. was made. These observations add value and indicate the type of management that may be needed in future. Where it was considered relevant habitats and species, besides those that are considered ‘notable’, were mentioned. Target notes to provide supplementary information on features too small to map, or supplementary details, for example relating to species composition, structure and management, were also made in some cases. Target notes may also be used to highlight important reference points mentioned in the report texts.

3.2.4 All surveys were carried out in accordance with the Phase 1 habitat assessment methods (JNCC 2010) and Guidelines for Preliminary Ecological Appraisal (CIEEM 2013).

3.2.5 Extended Phase 1 habitat surveys were carried out in May and June 2017 and involved the following surveyors –

. Principal Ecologist Derek Richardson MCIEEM . Senior Ecologist Suzanne Waymont MCIEEM . Ecologist Mandy Elford MCIEEM . Ornithologist Stephen Atkins . Volunteer ornithologist Stuart Fraser . Volunteer botanist Debs Wallace

3.3 Great crested newts

For the following sites an assessment of the potential presence of great crested newts was carried out –

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

 Land North and east of Bailrigg Lane  Land east of Ellel House, Chapel Lane  South Lancaster / South Lancaster safeguarded land  East Lancaster  North Lancaster  South Carnforth  Torrisholme  Slyne-with-Hest  Dolphinholme  Former Pontins Holiday Camp  Lune Industrial Estate

Surveys involved assessing the value of ponds to support great crested newts using the ‘Habitat Suitability Index (HSI). The Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) for the great crested newt was developed by Oldham et al. (2000). An HSI is a numerical index, between 0 and 1. 0 indicates unsuitable habitat, 1 represents optimal habitat. The HSI for the great crested newt incorporates ten suitability indices, all of which are factors thought to affect great crested newts. These are –

 Location of pond  Pond area  Pond drying  Water quality  Shade  Waterfowl presence  Fish presence  Other ponds nearby  Available terrestrial habitat  Presence of aquatic macrophytes

Where ponds were considered to have the potential to support great crested newts ‘eDNA’ sampling was then carried out. eDNA sampling involves taking water samples from a pond and then analysing the sample for the presence of great crested newt DNA. eDNA sampling can establish the presence/absence of newts within a pond but does not provide a population estimate.

3.4 Breeding Birds

Breeding Bird Surveys were carried out on the following sites –

 Heysham  Forest Hills

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Surveys involved two or three survey visits during the optimum bird breeding season and recording birds using ‘vantage’ point surveys and transect surveys. Breeding Bird surveys were carried out by ornithologist Stephen Atkins, the Assistant County Bird Recorder for Greater Manchester, Stuart Fraser, volunteer ornithologist and Principal Ecologist Derek Richardson. The results of these surveys are discussed in a separate report.

3.5 Bats

Although sites with habitats and features considered suitable to support bats were identified and described, no dedicated bat surveys of sites were carried out as part of the Preliminary Appraisals.

This was because –

- Bat use of sites for foraging and roosting can change over time. Since it was considered likely that many of the sites assessed would not come forward for development for some time survey at this time would be premature. - Meaningful bat surveys can be time consuming and resource intensive. The resources to assess all of the sites with potential bat interest for bat use were beyond the scope of these preliminary appraisals. - Given the size of many of the sites appraised it was considered that for many sites it would be possible to mitigate for any harm to bats by requiring surveys at future detailed application stage

3.6 Wintering Birds

A series of wintering bird surveys were conducted of sites identified as potentially having wintering bird interest and value. These surveys are described and the results presented and discussed in a separate report.

3.7 Survey Limitations

3.7.1 Desk-top data obtained from within the search area is highly unlikely to constitute a complete record of habitats and species present within the search area. The absence of records should not be taken to mean that the species concerned is absent, it may just represent the absence of any relevant survey effort.

3.7.2 The field-based habitat surveys inevitably offer only a single 'snapshot' of a site and take no account of seasonal differences, or of any species which might choose to take up residence subsequently. Many species are mobile in their habits and habitats can change over time. A lack of signs of any particular species does not confirm its absence, merely that there was no indication of its presence during the survey. In

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

some cases the approach taken in these site appraisals is to assess the potential value of sites to support important habitats and species.

3.7.3 These preliminary appraisals should not be used as a substitute for carrying out more involved ecology surveys to inform detailed proposals for development that may arise in future.

4 RESULTS

4.1 This document includes outline summaries of part of the desk-top surveys together with the findings of the field-based site surveys. Where relevant, BHS citations are provided (from LERN).

The full results of the desk-top appraisals, wintering bird surveys and breeding bird surveys are presented in separate reports. This document should therefore be seen as a part of a suite of complementary reports which together form the preliminary appraisals of sites.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Grab Lane East and West

LPSA Site Reference 321 Site Reference 328 Site Name Land East and West of Grab Lane NGR (Centre of Site) 349410 461070 Area of Site (ha) 32 Survey Dates May 11th 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Description

A series of field units demarcated by drystone walls east and west of Grab Lane, to the west of the M6, east of Lancaster City centre and approximately 95m from Williamson Park. The potentially allocated site is bordered by the M6 to the east and by a small stream, Burrow Beck,

to the west. The fields to the east of Grab Lane are distinctly different in character to those on the west; those to the east are improved pasture land with very low species diversity, dominated by Lolium sp. , probably either grazed by cattle or used for silage. Those to the west can best be described as semi-improved with a more diverse sward, both in terms of species variety and the structure of the vegetation. These fields support species including tufted hair grass, Yorkshire fog,

meadowsweet, broad leaved dock, common sorrel, common nettle, soft rush and great willowherb. As the land slopes down towards the Burrow Beck the rushes and meadowsweet become more dominant, with greater birds foot trefoil, selfheal and meadow buttercup evident, Notablealthough Habitats scarce. and These Species areas become contiguous with the adjacent BHS site (Lancaster Moor Hospital BHS) across the Beck, although they are not as diverse as the BHS. The BHS would

appear to have degraded sine last surveyed in 2006, with abundant Japanese knotweed and rapidly developing scrub reducing the grassland interest for which the site was originally designated. The Japanese knotweed has not (yet) colonised the potential allocation sites.

The western fields are likely to be used for horse grazing rather than agricultural production, apart from the field adjacent to Wyresdale Road, which is more intensively farmed. There are scattered and isolated broadleaved trees, mostly semi-mature willows and maples (sycamore)

with some young oak.

Burrow Beck at the eastern site boundary has an engineered straight channel approximately 1.5 metres wide. An earth bank is present on the site side (west) and a stone bank is present to the east. The bed is sandy and the Beck flows in a southern direction towards a culvert beneath Wyresdale Road.

The dry stone walls give the site an interesting landscape and may provide habitats for small mammals.

Lapwing were seen on the western fields in May, although no signs of breeding were recorded

Designated Sites

The allocated site on the western side of Grab Lane is adjacent to the BHS site ‘Lancaster Moor Hospital’, a site designated for its grassland diversity, but the BHS is deteriorating through an apparent lack on management and is becoming dominated by large stands of Japanese knotweed and developing scrub vegetation.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Notable Species

The presence of bat roosting is reasonably discounted because the farmland buildings within the site boundaries suitable for supporting bat roosts are proposed to remain, although they will be

included in the allocation, and the trees present have only low potential to support bats. It is accepted that bats will very likely use the site for foraging.

No signs of water voles were recorded from Burrow Beck, although the habitat is suitable for water voles and the species has been recorded downstream from the sites.

There were no signs of badgers recorded on the site, although there are records of badgers from within or close to the BHS.

Relatively few bird species were recorded during the site surveys; lapwing was the most notable (ground nesting) species recorded, although the species was not recorded as breeding. Other species recorded were all common and widespread and included carrion Crow, Wren, Swallows, Wood pigeon. There were Buzzards overhead locally and the species is likely to hunt and forage over the sites.

The dry stone walls are suitable for supporting reptiles, but there are no known records of reptiles

from the area and the climate is likely too wet & cold to support significant reptile populations

Small mammal runs were frequent in the western fields.

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

The majority of the habitats present (improved and semi-improved grassland) are common and widespread in Lancashire. The grassland could not readily meet the criteria for being classified as a ‘priority habitat’ for nature conservation.

The vegetation bordering Burrow Beck to the west and adjacent to the existing BHS has some local value, as it grades into more species-rich and wetter grassland. The site forms an attractive, somewhat ‘contained’ landscape, with the woodland on the hill at Williamson Park (and the

monument) dominating the skyline to the east and the drystone walls giving the site some enhanced local landscape value. From Grab lane itself the motorway, although close, is not intrusive. Grab Lane itself is quite a busy road given its size.

Species lists are unremarkable.

The site is not included in any of the ‘themed’ areas making up the Lancashire Ecological Network.

Any enhancement of the site to achieve mitigation or net gain for biodiversity impacts should prioritise species-rich wildflower grassland creation and the enhancement of wet grassland along the Beck. Efforts should be made to seek the control of Japanese knotweed, which is extensive on

land to the west. The Burrow Beck should be protected.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Phase 1 Habitat Map

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Aerial photograph (2014)

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Citation for adjacent BHS

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

South Carnforth

LPSA Site Reference 717 SHLAA Site Reference 728 Site Name Greenbelt south of Carnforth / Land South of Windermere Road NGR (Centre of Site) 349850 469520 Area of Site (ha) 32 Survey Dates May – June 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson, Mandy Elford & Suzanne Waymont

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Description

The proposed site in South Carnforth is primarily agriculturally improved and semi- improved pastures and arable fields with field boundaries of hedgerows. There are areas of woodland, scrub and semi-improved and unimproved grassland in the centre of the site (concentrated within the former quarries and surrounding land, now Lundsfield Quarry Central BHS) that have rather more ecological interest. The western parts of the

site are more interesting and ecologically valuable that the eastern sections which are dominated by featureless, generally species-poor agricultural landscapes.

There are some wetter areas but generally the plant species composition does not change significantly in these areas from the rest of the site. In more diverse areas species present include Yorkshire fog, creeping buttercup, soft rush broadleaved dock, creeping thistle, timothy and creeping bent. Broadleaved trees include oak, ash and willows. Notable Habitats and Species

The Lundsfield Quarry BHS, a dis-used sand and gravel working, supports a habitat mosaic although it is now becoming dominated by areas of rank grassland and scrub, with grassland interest declining relative to previous surveys. There is a swamp dominated by Phragmites but being invaded by willow scrub . The area does support includes knapweed, common sorrel and cock’s-foot. Marsh orchids are still present, although bee orchids, formerly recorded, were not found. Spring sandwort, a nationally scarce plant species, has been recorded here in the past. Much of the remaining grassland could be described as MG1 (relatively common), with only small parts of this area characterised as CG2 (calcareous grassland), a scarce habitat type in this area. The area is suitable for reptiles, although previous surveys have not recorded any.

The Lancaster Canal BHS, a valuable wildlife corridor, forms the western boundary of the site.

Well-managed and intact hedges give the site linear connectivity and cover. They are of varied species including hawthorn, ash, holly, sycamore, blackthorn and willow.

There were mammal runs across the site, possibly foxes or badgers, although no setts were identified.

Parts of the site have been subject to ecology surveys in the past (now more than 10 years ago) in connection with (withdrawn) planning applications.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Designated Sites

Lundsfield Quarry Central BHS is located within the proposed allocation. There would be a presumption against any loss of the BHS.

The Lancaster Canal BHS forms the western boundary of the site. The Canal is an important wildlife corridor.

Lundsfield Quarry North is located to the north of the allocation

Notable Species

The presence of significant bat roosting on the site is reasonably discounted, although a few of the trees that are present were assessed as having some potential to support bats. The eastern part of

the site is too open for significant use by foraging bats although it is accepted that bats will very likely use the site for some foraging, most likely along hedgelines and around trees.

Habitats in the centre and the west around the former quarries represent good bat foraging habitats.

There were no signs of badger setts recorded on the site, although badgers are mobile in their habits and can occupy sites quickly. There are mammal tracks crossing parts of the site.

Relatively few notable bird species were recorded during the site surveys, either during the Spring surveys or the winter bird surveys. Notable species present in small numbers included song thrush, reed bunting and linnet. Other species included pheasant, wood pigeon, willow warbler, goldfinch, greenfinch, blue tit, great tit, robin, wren, magpie and crow. The landscape is suitable for barn owls, although sub-optimal and none were recorded during surveys.

Brown hares have been recorded on land just to the south of the site and the site supports suitable

habitat for hares, although none were recorded during site surveys. Deer may also be present, there is sufficient cover on parts of the site to support resident deer. The presence of great crested newts is reasonably discounted, because of a lack of suitable breeding habitat and a lack of records, in spite of survey.

Small mammal runs were frequent at field boundaries, and these mammals may well support visiting birds of prey such as kestrels and owls.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

The majority of the fields in the east of the site are unremarkable, species-poor agricultural grassland, although the hedgerow network is reasonable and provides some structure and ecological connectivity across this are.

In the west the habitats are more interesting and ecologically valuable, particularly within and around the Lundsfield Quarry Central BHS. The BHS is a significant constraint on development and should of course be retained, protected and improved as part of any proposals to develop the

remainder of the site. But the BHS is degrading through colonisation by coarse grasses and scrub, part of natural succession. Positive management and improvement is therefore needed, and could potentially be secured by allowing development of other parts of the site. Introduction / restoration of areas of open ground and areas of open water would be particularly useful in this regard.

The Lancaster Canal BHS should be retained and protected from harm; it is suggested that a buffer be established between the Canal and any built development.

Hedgerows and trees should be retained and/or re-planted if lost.

It would be useful to check trees in more detail for their potential to support bat roosts if any are scheduled for removal.

The site is included in the ‘woodland’ themed areas making up the Lancashire Ecological Network, and would (in the east at any rate) lend itself to tree planting and woodland creation

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Phase 1 Habitat Map

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Aerial photograph (2014)

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Torrisholme

LPSA Site Reference 712 SHLAA Site Reference 723 Site Name Land West of Railway Line NGR (Centre of Site) 346320 464260 Area of Site (ha) 43 Survey Dates May 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson, Stephen Atkins, Debs Wallace

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Description

Torrisholme is a suburb of Morecambe in the west of Lancashire. The open land surveyed is to the east of the currently built up areas of Morecambe, to the north of a newly constructed major road corridor.

This site includes a large area of open farmland on either side of Slyne Road / Hasty Brow Lane,

with the new Link Road forming the southern boundary of the site, the West Coast Mainline forming the east, the Morecambe Spur rail line forms the northern boundary and the western boundary comprises a range of field boundaries and rears of residential properties. The site is within 2km of Morecambe Bay. There is significant information concerning parts of this site collected during surveys undertaken to inform the link road scheme, although this information is

becoming somewhat dated. Notable Habitats and Species This large site is dominated by open, undulating agriculturally improved and semi-improved pasture and crop land (maize in 2016/17) with hedgerow field boundaries. The grasslands are all rather species poor (under intensive agriculture), most like MG Lolium perenne - Cynosurus grassland. This is a very common type of agricultural grassland across Britain. The hedgerows are dominated by single species (hawthorn) lines, although with ash, holly and elder present in

places. The hedgerows do provide the site with linear ecological connectivity and provide some of the few areas of relative shelter across the site. Former ponds that show up on older OS maps of the site are no longer present or were dry at the time of survey, and one or two areas that were holding water during winter bird surveys were dry by spring time, probably more wet hollows than proper ponds. Areas of open water that did remain were assessed as being poor for

amphibians using the Habitat Suitability Index Assessment because of lack of optimal terrestrial and aquatic vegetation. There are scattered mature and semi-mature broadleaved trees, some mature/veteran with some local nature conservation value. A number of drains and ditches cross the site, particularly in the south, again generally species poor and slow flowing or dry.

There are (marginally) more botanically interesting wet/marshy grassland areas, quite extensive in the northern half of the site, a result of topography and poor drainage. These areas are

dominated by Juncus sp., most like MG10 rush pasture, and are botanically species poor, although they do provide some additional potential cover for ground nesting birds or perhaps brown hares. Ranunculus sp, Carex hirta and Plantago sp are present in this area.

Significant new tree planting and landscaping has been undertaken as part of the landscaping for the new road forming the southern boundary of the site.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Designated Sites

Notable Species

The presence of significant bat roosting on the site is reasonably discounted, the few trees that are present being assessed as have only low-medium potential to support bats. The site is too open for

significant use by bats, which will likely be confined to foraging hedge lines and trees.

No signs of water voles were recorded from ditches and streams and the presence of the species is reasonably discounted from the site. They have not been previously recorded and were not recorded during surveys for the road scheme.

There were no signs of badgers recorded on the site, although badgers are mobile in their habits and can occupy sites quickly. Having said that, there isn’t much cover on the site suitable for badgers.

Relatively few bird species were recorded during the site surveys, either during the spring surveys or the winter bird surveys. Notable species present in small numbers included lapwing, song thrush, bullfinch, linnet, buzzard, blue tit, dunncok and kestrel. The wider landscape is suitable for barn owls, although sub-optimal and none were recorded during surveys. Other species recorded

were all common and widespread and included Carrion Crow, Magpie, Wren, Swallows and Wood Pigeon.

Wax-cap fungi were recorded on wet grassland areas to the south during surveys for the road scheme, although none were recorded during this survey. Wax caps can appear and disappear rapidly from sites and can easily be overlooked in single visits, so their possible presence should be a consideration in any future development proposals.

Brown hares are present, although sightings were scarce and populations are considered likely to

be small – there is a lack of cover. Deer are also present, but again likely in small numbers because of the lack of cover. They probably come down from the more wooded hill to the west to forage

The presence of great crested newts is reasonably discounted, because of a lack of suitable breeding habitat and a lack of records; notably they were not recorded during extensive surveys undertaken for the link road scheme.

Small mammal runs were frequent in the western fields.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

Generally the site does not support important habitats or species and the majority of the habitats present (improved and semi-improved agricultural grassland and marshy grassland) are common and widespread in Lancashire. The grassland could not readily meet the criteria for being classified as a ‘priority habitat’ for nature conservation.

The hedgerows and scattered trees provide linear connectivity, cover and increased botanical diversity and these are the most important habitats present.

Species lists are unremarkable.

In short, there are no significant ecological constraints that would preclude the site being brought

forward for allocation.

The site is not generally included as a primary area in any of the ‘themed’ areas making up the Lancashire Ecological Network, apart from smaller parts of the site included in the ‘woodlands’ network.

The site could be enhanced for biodiversity. Any enhancement of the site to achieve mitigation or net gain for biodiversity impacts should prioritise hedgerow and tree retention and new planting to provide more diversity and structure. The retention, creation and the enhancement of wet grassland and the creation of new ponds would be valuable enhancements, re-creating a now (apparently) lost pond network.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Phase 1 Habitat Map

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Aerial photograph (2014)

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Fair View

LPSA Site Reference 537 SHLAA Site Reference 548 Site Name Fair View, Slyne Road NGR (Centre of Site) 346 010 Area of Site (ha) 1.08 Survey Dates May 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Description

A small part of the wider ‘Torrisholme’ site, Fair View is an area of what could best be described as semi-improved grassland enclosed around a central property. It is not a garden as such, more open fields that have been separated from the wider agricultural grassland. The fields may have acted as the ‘home fields’ for a former farmstead but don’t appear to serve this purpose today; the hedgerow separating the site from the wider landscape is well established but seems younger than the hedges in the wider landscape.

Probably the best description of the grassland is MG6/MG7 Lolium-dominated sward

The hedge lines adjacent to the road(s) are overgrown and unmanaged, with some semi-mature trees outgrowing the hedgerow line; they are mixed, hawthorn is dominant but other species present include oak, ash, sycamore and blackthorn. Along Hexham Road the hedgerow has Notable Habitats and Species expanded somewhat into a wider area of scrub woodland.

Some of the buildings shown on the OS maps of the site appear no longer to be present.

Small stands of Himalayan balsam are present.

Designated Sites

The site is not close to any designated sites. It was not considered important for supporting overwintering birds in surveys undertaken in early 2017.

Notable Species

The species interest on the site is limited. The house in the centre of the site should be surveyed for the possible presence of bats if it is planned to demolish it, mainly because it sits close to reasonable bat foraging habitat.

Few bird species were recorded; those that were included blue tit.

No other species of note were recorded.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

There are not considered to be any overall significant ecological constraints to the future development of this site.

The hedgerows are of some local importance and should be retained and/or replaced as part of any development.

Himalayan balsam should be controlled, or better, eradicated

Phase 1 Habitat Map

Not considered relevant; habitats are simple and the site is uncomplicated

Aerial photograph (2014)

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Slyne-with-Hest

LPSA Site Reference 704, 711, 165 SHLAA Site Reference 715, 722, 169 Site name Slyne-with-Hest Strategic Site (GB4) NGR (Centre of Site) 347710 466420 Area of Site (ha) 23 Survey Dates May 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson & Suzanne Waymont

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Description

The proposed site around Slyne-with-Hest supports primarily agriculturally improved and semi- improved pastures and arable fields with field boundaries of hedgerows. A number of mature broadleaved trees are also found across the site, rather scattered but with distinct tree lines at some boundaries. Narrow strips of tall ruderal vegetation (Rumex sp, Urtica and Plantago sp., as may be expected) occur along some boundaries and at the bases of some hedgelines. The site is bounded on three sides by residential development and on the fourth (eastern) side by a road.

The topography of the land is relatively undulating with a modest ridge line running north / south parallel to the A6.

There are some wetter grassland areas but generally the plant species composition does not change significantly in these areas from the rest of the site, dominated by MG6-type grassland. In more diverse (semi-improved) grassland areas species present include Yorkshire fog, creeping Notable Habitats and Species buttercup, soft rush broadleaved dock, creeping thistle, timothy, creeping bent. Broadleaved trees include oak, ash and willows. None of the habitats or species recorded are scarce in a Lancashire context.

Well-managed and intact hedges give the site linear connectivity and cover; they are of varied species including hawthorn, ash, holly, sycamore, blackthorn and willow.

There were mammal runs across the site, possibly foxes or badgers, although no setts were identified.

The pond within 50m of the site boundaries was considered to have poor suitability to support great crested newts, being turbid and dominated by algae. eDNA results were inconclusive.

Designated Sites

There are no designated nature conservation sites close to or adjacent to the site. It is considered unlikely that development of this site or parts of the site will cause harm to any designated sites, although the presence of designated sites, and particularly European designated sites, is further discussed in the previous more comprehensive assessment of the site prepared by GMEU in January 2016 and in the wintering bird surveys and assessment

undertaken in 2017.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Notable Species

The presence of significant bat roosting on the site is reasonably discounted, although a few of the trees that are present were assessed as having some moderate potential to support roosting bats.

The site is too open for significant use by foraging bats although it is accepted that bats will very likely use the site for some foraging, most likely along hedgelines and around trees.

There were no signs of badger setts recorded on the site, although badgers are mobile in their habits and can occupy sites quickly. There are mammal tracks crossing parts of the site. Having said that, there is little cover on the site suitable for badgers, except at the margins of the area.

Relatively few bird species were recorded during the site surveys, either during the Spring surveys or the winter bird surveys. Species present in small numbers were relatively common species and

included song thrush, blackbird, wren, house sparrow, starling, black headed gull, herring gull, chaffinch and blue tit. The landscape is suitable for barn owls, although sub-optimal, although none were recorded during surveys. Other species recorded were all common and widespread and included Carrion Crow, Magpie, Wren, Swallows, Blackbirds and Wood Pigeon.

Brown hares have been recorded on land just to the south of the site and the site supports suitable habitat for hares, although none were recorded during site surveys. Deer may also be present, but again likely in small numbers because of the lack of available cover.

The presence of great crested newts is reasonably discounted, because of a lack of suitable breeding habitat and a lack of records; the single pond present close to the site was considered to have low potential to support the species.

Small mammal runs were frequent at field boundaries, and these mammals may well support

visiting birds of prey such as kestrels and owls.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

Generally the site does not support notable habitats or species, and the majority of the habitats present (improved and semi-improved agricultural grassland and hedgerows) are common and widespread in Lancashire. The grassland could not readily meet the criteria for being classified as a ‘priority habitat’ for nature conservation.

The hedgerows and scattered trees provide linear connectivity, cover and increased botanical diversity and these are the most important habitats present.

Species lists are unremarkable.

There are no significant ecological constraints that would preclude the site being brought forward

for allocation.

The site is included in the ‘woodland’ themed areas making up the Lancashire Ecological Network, and would lend itself readily to new tree and hedgerow planting and woodland creation to contribute to the Network.

The site could readily be enhanced for biodiversity. Any enhancement of the site to achieve mitigation or net gain for biodiversity impacts should prioritise hedgerow and tree retention and new planting to provide more diversity and structure. The retention, creation and the enhancement Phase 1 Habitat Map of wet grassland and the creation of new ponds would be valuable enhancements, re-creating a pond network.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Phase 1 Habitat Map

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Aerial photograph (2014)

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Land East of Tithebarn Hill

LPSA Site Reference 154 SHLAA Site Reference 157 Site Name Land East of Tithebarn Hill NGR (Centre of Site) SD44285581 Area of Site (ha) 1.82 Survey Dates May 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson & Suzanne Waymont

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Description

The site is bounded on three sides by roads and on the fourth by a small housing development, although it is very close (within 100m) to Glasson Marsh, an important coastal marsh used by birds associated with the Bay.

The site itself is of limited ecological interest. It is dominated by species-poor improved pasture

grassland (most similar to NVC MG6) bounded by a mixed, well-managed hedgerow of Hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), Blackthorn and Holly (Ilex aquifolium). The hedges do provide a degree of cover and linear connectivity, and there are common ruderals improving vegetation structure at the boundaries (e.g. docks, nettles, willowherbs)

Bird surveys did not identify the site as having importance for use by wintering birds, in spite of its proximity to excellent habitats and protected sites. Notable Habitats and Species

Designated Sites

The Site is within 100m of the Morecambe Bay SPA/SAC/Ramsar, although development of the site for housing is considered unlikely to significantly affect the special interest of the European site (refer to the wintering bird surveys of the site).

Notable Species

The species interest on the site is very limited.

Few bird species were recorded during site surveys; those that were included Black headed gull, Wren and Dunnock. Given the proximity of the site to the Marsh it is likely to be used

occasionally as a temporary refuge by birds associated with the Estuary.

No other species of note were recorded.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

There are not considered to be any overall significant ecological constraints to the future development of this site (see also the wintering bird study)

The well-managed hedgerows are of local importance and should be retained and/or replaced as part of any development.

Phase 1 Habitat Map

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Aerial photograph (2014)

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Land North of Morecambe to Lancaster Railway Line

LPSA Site Reference 706 SHLAA Site Reference 717 Site Name Land North of Morecambe to Lancaster Railway Line NGR (Centre of Site) 346151 464984 Area of Site (ha) 1.78 Survey Dates May 11th 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Description

A relatively small farm field bounded by railway lines and difficult to access directly.

The site is dominated by semi-improved tussocky wet grassland with scattered patches of Juncus sp., bounded to the west and south by railway embankments covered with scrub dominated by hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna). The northern and eastern perimeters are bounded by ditches

partially blocked by brambles.

The site was undisturbed with no livestock grazing at the time of the survey.

There are small areas of woodland including mature willows in the field adjacent to the north eastern corner of the site. There is a notable (albeit small) Phragmites reed bed approximately 200m to the northeast of the site, and a small patch of semi-mature broadleaved woodland to Notablethe immediate Habitats southand Species west.

There are strong hedge and ditch lines and mature and semi-mature broadleaved trees

Designated Sites

The site is about 150m south of the ‘Belmount Farm Grassland and Fen’ BHS, designated because it supports species-rich wet grassland and fen vegetation.

Notable Species

While to site itself did not appear to have high potential to support notable species surrounding fields supported good numbers of wading birds (Curlew and Lapwing) associated with the wet

grassland.

Drains have some potential to support water voles although no signs were recorded during the surveys.

There are some small patches of Himalayan Balsam that will need to be controlled.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

During the wintering bird surveys of potentially allocated sites surrounding fields were identified as having significant bird interest, and the development of this site could cause harm to these birds by causing increased disturbance. This issue should be considered in any future proposals put forward for this site.

The River Lune corridor is an important ecological asset and should be protected from any loss or harm.

The hedgerows and trees bordering the site are of some local importance and should be retained

and/or replaced as part of any development.

Aerial Photograph (2014)

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Land South of Pinewood Close, Ashton Road

LPSA Site Reference 378 SHLAA Site Reference 386 Site Name Land South of Pinewood Close, Ashton Road NGR (Centre of Site) 347100 458780 Area of Site (ha) 3.7 Survey Dates May 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Description

The site is dominated by species-poor agricultural grassland (most similar to MG6 pasture) but there are more interesting habitats at the boundaries, including woodland and hedgerows. To the east the site is bounded by the Lancaster Canal BHS; on the banks of the canal there is a

linear strip of important semi-mature broad-leaved woodland.

Broadleaved young and semi-mature trees were recorded along the eastern site boundary, comprised mainly of hawthorn and young sycamore .

In narrow (less than 1.5m) strips adjacent to the hedgerows alongside all of the borders to the survey site, although particularly along Ashton Road, were tall ruderal species which included broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), nettle (Urtica dioica), creepers (Galium aparine), ivy (Hedera sp.), cow parsley (Anthriscus sylvestris), commonmouse Notable Habitats and Species ear (Cerastium fontanum), common bluebell (Hyacinthoides non-scripta), bramble (Rubus fruticosus), rosebay willow-herb (Chamerion angustifolium), creeping buttercup (Ranunculus repens), bracken (Pteridium aquilinum), wild garlic (Allium ursinum), garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolate), Lords and Ladies (Arum maculatum). All these species are widespread in Lancashire

The hedgerows on site, located predominantly along the Ashton Road (Western) boundary, are species-poor comprising mainly of hawthorn, sycamore, and ivy with some regions being mixed

with holly and thick bramble.

This site was surveyed by others in 2015 in relation to a planning application for housing (which was refused).

Designated Sites

The Lancaster Canal BHS, which includes linear broadleaved woodland of local and district importance and which forms an important wildlife corridor, forms the eastern boundary of the site and is an important local ecological asset.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Notable Species

The species interest on the site is limited.

Few bird species were recorded; those that were included Wren, Wood Pigeon, Blackbird and Dunnock. The site may be used by foraging owls, kestrels and buzzards but is unlikely to be of

primary importance for these species.

Badgers, Brown Hares, Reptiles, Water Voles and Great Crested newts are all considered to be most likely absent from the site, although the woodland along the canal was not searched.

The Canal and associated habitats act as a wildlife corridor and species using this corridor (e.g. deer and possibly otters) may occasionally occur on the site as they move along the corridor.

Bats are very likely to use the site for foraging, particularly along the Canal, although there is sufficient alternative foraging habitat available nearby such that the development of this site is unlikely to have a significant effect on local bat populations.

Plant species recorded were unremarkable.

A survey undertaken by others in 2015 recorded a small stand of the invasive plant Japanese

knotweed along the eastern boundary of the site. This plant will need to be controlled if development is brought forward.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

Generally the site does not support important habitats or species and the majority of the habitats present (improved agricultural grassland and hedgerows) are common and widespread in Lancashire. The grassland could not readily meet the criteria for being classified as a ‘priority habitat’ for nature conservation.

The Canal is clearly important, and any future development should avoid any direct impacts on the Canal and should leave an appropriate landscape buffer between the Canal and any built

development.

The hedgerows and the canal provide linear connectivity, cover and increased botanical diversity and these are the most important habitats present.

Species lists are unremarkable.

Apart from the adjacent Canal there are no significant ecological constraints that would preclude the site being brought forward for allocation.

The site is included in the ‘woodland’ themed areas making up the Lancashire Ecological Network, and would lend itself to tree planting and woodland creation, particularly to strengthen the wildlife corridor.

The sitePhase could 1 Habitatreadily be Map enhanced for biodiversity. Any enhancement of the site to achieve mitigation or net gain for biodiversity impacts should prioritise hedgerow and tree retention and new planting to provide more diversity and structure. The retention, creation and the enhancement of wet grassland and the creation of new ponds would be valuable enhancements, re-creating a pond network.

Any Japanese knotweed present on the site should be removed.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Phase 1 habitat survey

Aerial photograph (2014)

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

White Lund Industrial Estate

LPSA Site Reference LA12 SHLAA Site Reference N/A Site Name White Lund Industrial Estate NGR (Centre of Site) 34494 46287 Area of Site (ha) 100 Survey Dates June 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson & Suzanne Waymont

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Description

This very large site is dominated by built development and infrastructure associated with the primary land use as an industrial estate.

There are small, fragmented patches of semi-natural habitat in evidence, including patches of –

 Scattered scrub vegetation, developing mainly on previously developed hard standing  Marshy grassland in wet depressions

 Tall ruderal vegetation  Standing water (generally ephemeral pools)  Hedges  Dry ditches and Notable HabitatsBare ground and Species

The scrub contains typical species of early succession including willows, birch and buddleia

None of the habitats recorded could be described as particularly species-rich or important.

Designated Sites

The Industrial Estate is not close to or adjacent to any specially protected sites. It is separated from the River Lune BHS by built development and a main road, although there may be some surface water drainage connections to the River.

Notable Species

No notable species were recorded on the site during the surveys, and the site does not support

sufficient or suitable habitats to support any.

A number of the buildings have some potential to support roosting bats but there is little in the way of good bat foraging habitat nearby, making the presence of significant bat populations unlikely.

There were some small patches of the invasive plant species Himalayan Balsam on the site; the spread of this species should be controlled.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

The site does not support any important habitats or notable species and is generally of limited ecologicalPhase interest. 1 Habitat There Map is limit ed potential for enhancing ecological interest, although tree planting Not where meaningful possible -along site is access dominated roads bywould built be development a valuable addition, and hard both standing in biodiversity with few areasand landscapeof semi terms.-natural habitat

Aerial photograph (2014)

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

South Lancaster

LPSA Site Reference 334,709,137,136,779 Site Ref 138, 139, 720, 341 Site Name South Lancaster & South Lancaster Safeguarded Land NGR (Centre of Site) 347500 458200 Area of Site (ha) 219 Survey Dates May 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson, Suzanne Waymont & Mandy Elford

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Description

This very large site contains sites at Whinney Carr, Burrow Heights and extending south towards Galgate, The proposed strategic site supports predominantly pastoral farmland which stretches south from the urban settlement of Lancaster to land parallel to Lancaster University. The site is

predominantly greenfield with scattered farmsteads. It also includes an area of safeguarded land which is to the extreme south, adjacent to the settlement of Galgate

The site is primarily agriculturally improved pastures and arable land, with areas of important broadleaved woodland, including Park Coppice Woodland BHS, and scrub. While the area as a whole is dominated by relatively species-poor agricultural grassland there are a range of important habitats present, including a network of hedgerow and walls forming field boundaries. A number of ponds occur across the site. Scattered mature broadleaved trees are also found across the site. Two streams, Ou Beck and Burrow Beck, cross the site and the Lancaster Canal NotableBHS forms Habit theats western and Species boundary of the site.

Species recorded within the agricultural grassland included cocksfoot Dactylis glomerata, tufted hair grass Deschampsia cespitosa, creeping bent Agrostis stolonifera, yarrow Achillea millefolium, perennial rye-grass Lolium perenne, sweet vernal grass Anthoxanthum odoratum, mouse-ear Cerastium sp., pineapple weed Matricaria discoidea, Yorkshire fog Holcus lanatus and creeping thistle Cirsium arvense.

Hedgerows were dominated by hawthorn but also included elder, holly, Ilex aquifolium, elm Ulmus sp., dog rose Rosa canina, blackthorn, hazel and beech Fagus sylvatica. Under-storey

woodland species recorded in the hedges included herb Robert, lords-and-ladies and wood avens. The hedges along Tarnwater Lane and Highland Brow are particularly dense. Ground flora species include herb Robert, barren strawberry, red campion, cow parsley, hedge garlic, broad buckler fern and lesser celandine.

The Lancaster Canal BHS is in a cutting for much of its length along the boundary of the site. The banks are wooded and support species such as ash, holly, and sycamore. Ground flora species include dog’s mercury, lesser celandine, herb Robert, hart’s-tongue fern, wood false brome, opposite-leaved golden saxifrage and bluebell. Towards the south of the proposed site, the canal side habitats do not appear to be included in the BHS and in places are more open. Marginal species include branched bur-reed, soft rush, water mint, hemlock water-dropwort and common reed. Mature trees do still occur in places along the banks, including some nature ash trees as well ash, alder and birch. There is an area of woodland in the south supporting ash, alder, holly, silver birch, beech and hawthorn. Standing dead wood is present and some the trees support features that could be used by bats.

Park Coppice BHS (woodland) lies within the proposed site. The woodland supports species such

as sycamore, ash, oak, beech and birch. There is an understorey of Wych Elm, hawthorn and Holly.

Two streams, Ou Beck and Burrow Beck cross the site, with part of the latter being a BHS. Mature trees line the banks of this brook in places, while land north of Shearset Beck supported marginal species including hemlock water drop-wort, creeping buttercup and figwort with scrub of hawthorn and elder.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

A number of ponds are found across the site. The pond at SD47875867 is surrounded by a small woodland supporting beech, sycamore and pine. This pond has historic records of great crested newts, although none were recorded during these surveys.

Designated Sites

Three Local Wildlife Sites lie within the site boundaries – Park Coppice Woodland, Burrow Beck, and the Lancaster Canal, all of which are Biological Heritage Sites.

Notable Species

Desk-top records have found the following notable species within the site boundaries –

 Otters  Great crested newt  Water Vole  Badger  Bats

 Slow worm  Bats

Together with a range of ‘priority’ invertebrate species. This range and diversity of species is perhaps to be expected across what is a very large site with a range of important habitat types present.

During the field surveys signs of badgers were confirmed. The priority bird species dunnock, house sparrow, lapwing, reed bunting (probably breeding), skylark (probably breeding), starling,

grey heron and willow warbler were all confirmed.

The possible presence of great crested newts was not confirmed by eDNA surveys and no signs of water voles were recorded along Burrow Beck during these site surveys.

There is potential for otters to be present along the water courses and the Canal. The site is of high value for bats as a foraging resource, and trees and buildings may support bat roosts. Further surveys for bats will be needed in support of any detailed applications that may come forward for the area in future.

The invasive plant Himalayan Balsam was recorded along the Canal corridor and along parts of the Burrow Beck.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

This is a very large site, undeveloped and with a rural character supporting important habitats and species. But there are also large areas of species-poor agricultural grassland of limited nature conservation value that could be sensitively developed without causing substantive ecological harm.

It would therefore be possible to develop relatively significant areas while managing to avoid important habitats and avoid potential harm to important species.

Of course, the Biological Heritage Sites present on the site should be retained, protected and

enhanced where possible.

Enhancement of parts of the site to achieve net biodiversity gain and to contribute to would also be possible and desirable; the site lends itself to new tree planting and the establishment of an enhanced pond network.

Given the high biodiversity value of areas of the site further, more detailed surveys are recommended for this very large site in support of any future detailed development proposals.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Phase 1 Habitat Map

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Summary of Site Ecological Constraints

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Aerial photograph (2014)

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Dolphinholme

LPSA Site Reference 16, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 661, 664, 352, 651, 657, 659, 653, 666, 665, 663, 660, 654, 662, 658, 650, 667, 655, 649, 656, 979, 7969 SHLAA Site Reference 16, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 672, 675, 663, 662, 668, 670, 664, 677, 676, 674, 671, 665, 673, 669, 661, 678, 666, 660, 66 Site Name Dolphinholme Strategic Site (VE1) NGR (Centre of Site) 351880 453830 Area of Site (ha) 42 Survey Dates June 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson, Suzanne Waymont & Mandy Elford

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Description

Dolphinholme is a small village located in the south of Lancaster City Council, on the border with the district of Wyre. The village is spilt into two parts a higher village and a lower part situated on the River Wyre. The Dolphinholme Strategic Site is divided into a number of discrete land

parcels around the village.

All of the sites around Dolphinholme are primarily typical agriculturally improved pasture grassland with field boundaries of hedgerows and walls. All of the grasslands were similar, supporting dominate perennial rye grass (Lolium perenne), with a small number of other species contant in the sward, including abundant Creeping Buttercup (Ranunculus repens) and constant frequent and locally abundant Yorkshire-fog (Holcus lanatus). Further plant species include

occasional and locally abundant Annual Meadow-grass (Poa annua), Creeping Bent (Agrostis Notablestolonifera Habitats), Broad and- leavedSpecies Dock (Rumex obtusifolius), White Clover (Trifolium repens) and Soft Rush (Juncus effusus). The grasslands are typical of an MG7 Perennial Rye-grass ley grassland community of the NVC (Rodwell, 1992). A number of small streams or brooks occur on the sites and a number of woodlands are directly adjacent to the sites. The topography of the land is

undulating with the land rising to the north west of the village and falling to the south east, towards the Rive Wyre.

Hedgerows are dominated by hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) with holly (Ilex aquifolium), mature oaks (Quercus robur), ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and beech (Fagus sylvatica).

Site VE1 comprises two large agricultural improved fields dominated by rather featureless Lolium sp. grassland in the east of the Dolphinholme upper village. Two small brooks form the boundary of the site in the east and west of the site. The boundary of the site along the road is a species

poor hawthorn hedgerow, a section of which supports mature trees. The boundary separating the two fields is a species poor defunct hedgerow. Vegetation at the boundaries was more varied, with foxglove, creeping thistle (Cirsium vulgare), common hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium), silverweed (Potentilla anserina) and docks (Rumex sp.)

Site VE2 comprises a series of agriculturally improved grassland fields surrounded by species poor hawthorn hedgerows, some of which also support mature trees. There is a small strip of

broadleaved woodland along the boundary of one field. The land rises upwards towards Croft Height Wood, in the north of the site. There is an area of rush pasture immediately to the south of the Wood (SD541537), although this was dominated largely soft rush (Juncus effusus).

Site VE3 is a small agriculturally improved field that appears to be also used informally for recreation. The land slopes down towards the Rive Wyre. The land lies adjacent to an area of . formal public open space

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Site VE4 Comprises three agriculturally improved fields to the south west of the lower village. The fields are separated internally by species poor defunct hedges. A small stream forms the western boundary of the site separating the fields from the Pennington Wood, a conifer plantation. The northern boundary along Anyon Lane is a stone wall with the southern boundary being species poor intact hedgerow along Long Lane. There is a tree in the hedgerow close to the woodland.

Site VE5 is, again, a large agriculturally improved grassland field in the south of the lower village. The land slopes down from Long Lane toward the adjacent Mill Wood BHS. A small brook crosses the southern corner of the field, flowing in from VE4 into Redmond Wood. Redwood Wood is a mixed woodland with some broadleaved species and some areas of conifer plantation. The hedgerow along Long Lane is species poor intact hedgerow with mature oak trees in the southern most section. Several mature trees occur on the south eastern boundary of the site.

Designated Sites

There are no designated sites within any of the sites, although Mill Wood BHS and Dolphinholme Churchyard BHS are adjacent to site VE 4

Notable Species

Brown hare, Curlew and Lapwing were recorded on the site during field surveys.

Bats, otters and toads have been recorded on the site(s) previously.

The sites provide excellent habitat for Badgers and Bats, particularly where they abut woodlands.

Other birds recorded during site assessments included blackbird (Turdus merula), blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), carrion crow (Corvus corone), great tit (Parus major), jackdaw (Corvus

monedula), magpie (Pica pica), pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), robin (Erithacus rubecula) and wren (Troglodytes troglodytes).

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

It would be possible to accommodate some development on the agricultural grassland without causing substantive ecological harm, providing that important features such as hedgerows, trees and streams are protected. Most of the species recorded are common and widespread in Lancashire.

Enhancement of the areas should focus on new tree planting to promote the creation of a coherent woodland network.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Phase 1 Habitat Map

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Aerial photograph (2014)

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

East Lancaster (east of the M6)

LPSA Site Reference 648, 647 SHLAA Site Reference 659, 658 Site Name East Lancaster east of the M6, Strategic Site UE2 NGR (Centre of Site) 350080 463920 Area of Site (ha) 71 Survey Dates June 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson & Suzanne Waymont

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Description

The proposed site in East Lancaster (East of M6) is primarily agriculturally improved pastures, with pockets of woodland and gorse scrub. There is a network of hedgerow and wall forming field boundaries. Mature broadleaved trees are also found across the site. Deny Beck forms the eastern boundary of the site. The results of the survey can be found in Figure 3. The topography of the land is undulating, with steep gradients in places.

The area adjacent to the River Lune is flat and showed signs of flooding. The river bank is lined with mature trees including sycamore, oak and alder.

The area of land between the A683 and the Lancaster to Caton cycle route rises steeply from the River Lune. While it is largely agriculturally improved pasture with hedgerows, there is an area of

woodland and gorse scrub. The woodland supports species such as oak, beech, hazel and holly. Ground flora species observed include pendulous sedge and broad buckler fern. Notable Habitats and Species Two broadleaved woodlands occur in the area to the south of the A683 that appeared to be semi-natural: Moss Syke Wood and Clay Pit Wood. Species recorded include oak, silver birch, holly and hawthorn.

Grimeshaw Lane, an unmade track, runs through the southern part of the site. The Lane supports a network of hedgerows, trees and walls. The hedgerows vary in structure along the lane but support species including ash (Fraxinus excelsior), holly (Ilex aquifolium), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), oak (Quercus robur), sycamore and Norway Maple (Acer sp.). The ground flora in places, particularly the middle section of the track, was relatively species rich. Scaly male fern, herb Robert, wavy hair-grass, foxglove, red campion, wood sorrel, dog’s mercury, hart’s tongue, polypody and wood-rush were recorded.

Moss Syke Wood, within the southern part of the site, is a broadleaved plantation woodland,

dominated by oak with frequent birch and some ash. The understorey include frequent hazel and holly with a relatively sparse ground flora which included bluebell, bramble bracken and broad buckler fern. Roe deer have been recorded associated with this woodland.

Clay Pit Wood is a broadleaved woodland with a mix of alder, rowan, sessile oak sycamore and downy birch. Ground flora species recorded included lady fern, broad buckler fern, remote sedge, herb Robert, tufted hair-grass, foxglove and climbing corydalis.

Denny Beck forms the eastern boundary of the proposed site. A network of trees, woodland and semi-natural grassland occur along its banks. Branched bur-reed, water mint, water forget-me- not, white willow and goat willow were recorded here. Also present were woodland species

including lady-fern, remote sedge, primrose and enchanter’s nightshade.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Designated Sites

The River Lune BHS forms the northern boundary of the site, although there are no protected sites within the site boundaries.

Notable Species

A relatively high number of bat species have been recorded as associated with the site (LERN desktop data). Brown Hare has been recorded to the east of the site, although it was not recorded

in 2017 surveys. There are otter records associated with the River Lune corridor adjacent to the northern ‘land parcel’

The site is suitable for Badgers.

Roe deer are associated with woodland to the south.

There are no records of amphibians from the site.

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendation

A site with reasonable structure, less ‘improved’ agricultural land overall than many of the other sites assessed. Ecological interest is present in blocks of woodland, hedge lines, water courses, stands of gorse scattered trees and in areas of less improved (semi-improved?) grassland.

It would be possible to develop parts of the site without causing substantive ecological harm,

although development would need to avoid and buffer valuable habitats and features. Phase 1 Habitat Map Enhancement should prioritise the creation of new broadleaved woodland and hedge lines.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Phase 1 Habitat Map

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Summary of Site Ecological Constraints

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Aerial photograph (2014)

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

East Lancaster (West of the M6)

LPSA Site Reference 671 SHLAA Site Reference 682 Site Name East Lancaster West of the M6, Strategic Site UE3 NGR (Centre of Site) 350080 463790 Area of Site (ha) 82 Survey Dates May 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson, Suzanne Waymont & Mandy Elford

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Description

This site is greenfield in character, part of which is pastoral farmland and in the northern and western space is associated with Lansil Golf Course. Large areas of this site occupy areas of elevated sections of land adjacent to the M6 motorway. It includes farmland surrounding Ridge Farm stretching south towards ‘Lancaster’ HM Prison.

Although dominated by species-poor agricultural grassland there are important habitat patches of woodlands, ponds, streams and hedgerows, although hedgerows are relatively scarce; most field boundaries are fences.

There are two areas of rush pasture / marsh present to the north east of Ridge Wood dominated by rushes (Juncus sp.), not particularly species-rich.

The small area of the Newton Beck Valley BHS which is located within the proposed site supports Notable Habitats and Species alders and hawthorn with broad buckler fern and hart’s tongue. The wider BHS comprises a mosaic of habitats situated on the valley sides of Newton Beck. The site is an area of disused farmland which has undergone natural succession and has also been planted in places with trees relatively recently. The site was originally designated for its species-rich grassland but the woodland structure and species diversity are rather poor.

Other woodland areas support species such as oak, beech, alder and sycamore.

The stream corridors support Reed Canary-grass with Tufted Hair-grass, False Oat-grass, Creeping Soft-grass, Yorkshire-fog, Rough Meadow-grass and Sweet Vernal-grass. Compact Rush, Soft-rush and Jointed Rush were recorded. Herbs present include Meadow Vetchling, Greater Bird's-foot- trefoil, Marsh Willowherb, Red Campion, Greater Burnet (frequent in places), Flag Iris and Himlayan balsam.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Designated Sites

Newton Beck Valley BHS lies partially within the site in the east and Long Bank Wood BHS lies within 30m of the site boundary in the north.

Notable Species

The site supports good habitat for badgers and water voles.

There is reasonable habitat to support foraging bats, and some buildings present that could support bat roosts, although there are no existing records of bats from the site (most likely because of a lack

of survey effort in the area).

Great crested newts were not recorded.

Priority bird species recorded included Dunnock, Grey Partridge, Lapwing, Skylark and Starling.

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

While there are large areas of the site that do not have substantive ecological importance and could be developed (the agricultural grassland) there are a range of more important features and habitats within this large site that should be protected and enhanced

The BHS sites will need to be protected and ‘buffered’ through a landscape screen between the BHS and any planned built development.

The site lends itself to new hedgerows planting to enhance the connectivity of the landscape, together with new tree planting. A management Plan is in place for the Newton Beck Valley and as

part of any site enhancements the implementation of this management plan could be supported.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Phase 1 Habitat Map

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Ecological Constraints

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Aerial photograph (2014)

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

North Lancaster

LPSA Site Reference 710, 304,672,275 SHLAA Site Reference 721,310,683,281 Site Name North Lancaster, Strategic Site GB1 NGR (Centre of Site) 348060 464210 Area of Site (ha) 108 Survey Dates June 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson, Suzanne Waymont & Mandy Elford

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

(note that this map does not show new major road at the sites northern boundary)

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Overall Site Description

The proposed site in North Lancaster is rather featureless, primarily agriculturally improved pastures dominated by Lolium sp. grassland, arable, small pockets of woodland with field boundaries of hedgerow and wall. Mature broadleaved trees are also found across the site. The topography of the land is undulating in places.

The new road at the northern boundary is now a prominent feature, with new tree planting.

The Lancaster Canal runs through the site in the west. The canal-side banks support marsh and aquatic vegetation in places together with areas of broadleaved trees and scrub. Some of these trees are ‘veteran’ trees.

The fields around Carus Lodge in the east of the site are most characteristic of parkland, with pockets of woodland and many mature trees, particular around the house and along Halton Notable Habitats and Species Road. Tree species include beech, sycamore and ash. A newly planted orchard was also present, south of the Lodge.

Howgill Brook runs through the centre of the site. Adjacent to the Brook are small areas of less managed grassland.

Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Designated Sites

Part of the Lancaster Canal BHS runs through the western part of the site and adjacent to parts of the southern boundary. In places the River Lune BHS runs within 100m to the south of the site, although the River is separated from the site by built development and roads.

Notable Species

The site supports good numbers of foraging bats (desk-top data from LERN collected during surveys for the road scheme).

There is a historic record of Red Squirrel from the northern boundary of part of the site.

The Priority bird species Dunnock, Lapwing and Skylark (probably breeding) were recorded from the

site during field surveys.

Other birds recorded included Kestrel, Black-headed Gull, Swallow, House Martin, Swift and Willow Warbler.

There is some potential for Badgers to use the site, although no signs were recorded during field surveys.

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

In general the area is of limited ecological interest, dominated by agriculturally improved grassland, although there are hedgerows , scattered trees and small woodland blocks. These features should be retained and/or enhanced.

The new road clearly introduces a significant feature in the north, although as the new landscaping matures along the route corridor this impact will soften.

The site lends itself to the creation of new woodland and hedges.

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Phase 1 Habitat Map (note that the mapping does not include the new road)

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Sum mary of Site Ecological Constraints

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Aerial photograph (2014)

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Former Pontins Holiday Camp

Site Ref Site name Former Pontins Holiday Camp Carr Lane Middleton NGR (Centre of Site) 341250 458250 Area of Site (ha) 23 Survey Dates May 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson & Suzanne Waymont

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area (in red)

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Overall Site Description

The site is located directly adjacent to the coast, on the western edge of the existing (partly developed) Middleton Towers retirement village, which itself is situated on the site of a now demolished holiday camp near Heysham. The Morecambe Bay SAC/SPA immediately abuts the site to the west.

The Retirement Village is only partially developed so there are areas of derelict land between the shoreline and the current village itself. An old swimming pool building and other communal buildings are located on part of the west of the site.

In the northern part of the site is a relatively large area of bare ground and sparse grassland, closely grazed by rabbits and very exposed. This land is partially ‘made ground, with rubble and

debris resulting from the demolition and dismantling of the former holiday camp. Further to the east, abutting Carr Lane, is an area of more established wetland, with scrub and species-rich wet Notable Habitats and Species grassland/marsh, including patches of Phragmites. This is the ‘Carr Lane Meadows’ BHS. The BHS supports MG8 Cynosurus cristatus – Caltha palustris grassland and NVC MG11 Festuca rubra - Agrostis stolonifera grassland. There is a mixed, species-rich hedge line along Carr Lane.

Immediately adjacent to the shore the land to the south comprises rough, neglected grassland on the edge of the retirement village while to the north is a strip of several large mature sand dunes. The earth cliffs to the north and south are higher than the central frontage and have more established vegetation comprising bramble (Rubus fruticosus), Commmon gorse (Ulex europeaus), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and Duke of Argyll’s Tea Plant (Lycium barbatum).

To the west is the beach which consists of pebbles mixed with sand above the high water mark and gradually slopes down into extensive mudflats forming part of Morecambe Bay. The Bay in this area is of very high value for wading and wintering birds.

The MagicMap GIS web application identifies the site as being within the Coastal Sand Dunes Priority Habitat Inventory, although the sand dunes located within the site itself are not identified as part of this. The beach within the site is identified as being within this habitat,

although there are no well-developed sand dunes within the site itself. The sandflats beyond the Mean High Water Spring Tide Limit, and beyond the site, are identified as Intertidal substrate foreshore (sand). Maritime cliffs and slopes are identified immediately to the north of the site.

Vegetation is sparse on large parts of the site, although there is a (rather exposed) pond, with areas of regenerating willow and bramble around the northern banks, along with close cropped ‘amenity’ grass sward. Along the coastal frontage were found Sea radish, common nettle, common mayweed and common ragwort.

To the north of the site are steep, clayey low cliffs that mark the eroding edge of the grey dunes behind with predominantly Bramble (Rubus fruticosus), Common gorse (Ulex europeaus) and stunted Hawthorns (Crataegus monogyna) and lots of rabbit evidence (burrows and droppings). Some smallpatches of Coltsfoot (Tussilago farfara) and a Water Dropwort species (Oenanthe sp.) were recorded at the toe of the cliffs. These cliffs are more exposed to the north near the Ocean Edge holiday park and a small stand of Montbretia was observed in this area.

The beaches consist of mixed pebbles (H3) and flotsam/jetsam.

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The pond, although rather isolated, was holding water, there was good aquatic plant cover and no fish were apparent, although the water may be brackish given that the pond is within 100m of the shore. Apparently great crested newts have previously been recorded in this pond, although eDNA samples were negative. Although the nearby road is called ‘Natterjack Lane’ the

pond was not well suited to Nattterjack Toads, being too vegetated with little bare sand nearby.

There was little evidence of significant bird use of the site itself, in spite of its proximity to the Bay, although Reed Bunting was present.

Designated Sites

This site is directly adjacent to the Morecambe Bay SPA/SAC.

It includes the BHS site ‘Carr Lane Meadows’.

Notable Species

Carr Lane Meadows BHS is species rich neutral and wet grassland and coastal marsh, supporting Phragmites reed and important species-rich grassland communities.

Some of the buildings on the site could support bats. Bat surveys should be carried out of these

buildings prior to any proposed works to them.

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

Much of the site is species-poor developed or recently developed and cleared land which does not have substantive ecological importance. But the site is immediately adjacent to the Morecambe Bay SAC/SPA so any proposals for development, particularly for housing, will need to be subject to close scrutiny for the potential impacts on the European Protected Site.

There would be a presumption against the development of the Carr Lane Meadows BHS.

Enhancement would be possible by supporting the positive management of the BHS.

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Phase 1 Habitat Map

This is a complex site of mosaic habitats, not readily represented in a Phase 1 map

Aerial photograph (2014)

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Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Lune Industrial Estate and Surrounds (including land south of Ultramark)

LPSA Site Reference 736, 370 SHLAA Site Reference 256 + 377 + wider area Site Name Lune Industrial Estate and Surrounds (including land south of Ultramark) NGR (Centre of Site) 345960 461500 Area of Site (ha) 33 Survey Dates June 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

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Overall Site Description

The majority of the built part of the site is occupied by industrial warehouse style buildings, some apparently now derelict or unused, with tarmac roads and areas of disturbed bare ground. Small areas of amenity grassland with semi-mature trees border the roads within the industrial site and tall ruderal vegetation and ephemeral grassland is present on banks surrounding the car park areas in the centre of the site. Species include yarrow Achillea millefolium, ragwort Senicio jacobea, dandelion Taraxacum agg., clover Trifolium sp., ribwort plantain Plantago lanceolata, daisy Bellis perennis, creeping buttercup Ranunculus repens, teasel Tipsacus fullonum, raspberry Rubus idaeus and coltsfoot Tussilago farfara.

Japanese knotweed occurs within the industrial site.

In the centre of the industrial site to the east of buildings there is an area of bare ground that is

colonising with ephemeral neutral grassland with scattered scrub. Species include bramble, elder Sambucus nigra, rose Rosa sp., willow Salix sp., ragwort, ox-eye daisy Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, creeping thistle Cirsium arvense, yarrow and hogweed Heracleum spondylium.

Ponds to the west forming part of the Freeman’s Pools LNR include shallow scrapes to a large pond. These were created in 2006/7 by the Environment Agency as part of a flood alleviation scheme (information taken from the Site Interpretation Panel). The ponds support some rushes Juncus sp. and common reed Phragmites australis. In addition to creating these water bodies, the Environment Agency constructed earth mounds close to the scrapes with the intention to attract amphibians into the area.

Designated Sites

Parts of the site are adjacent to the River Lune BHS and ‘Freemans Pools’ Nature Reserve, and Freeman’s Wood BHS.

Freeman’s Wood BHS is designated because it contains a mature female native black poplar, one of only two known surviving female trees in Lancashire.

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Notable Species

The scrub and woodland that comprises the areas of greenspace on the site are relatively diverse in bird species. The following species were recorded during field surveys – robin, blackbird, blue tit, great tit, chaffinch, wren, dunnock,

Native black poplar occurs in the woodland BHS

Surveys undertaken in 2016 did not find any great crested newts in ponds within 250m of the site.

Some of the buildings within the industrial site have low-moderate potential to support bats. Further bat surveys will be needed before any of these buildings are demolished.

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

The site itself has limited ecological value, although its proximity to other designated sites, including connectivity with the Morecambe Bay SAP/SPA, will need to be properly considered and assessed if any planning applications come forward for the site.

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Aerial photograph (2014)

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Preliminary Ecology Appraisals of Lancaster Sites 2017 - GMEU

Land South of Low Road

LPSA Site Reference 163, 708 SHLAA Site Reference 719 Site Name Land South of Low Road NGR (Centre of Site) 351120 464930 Area of Site (ha) Permitted land + future allocation = 5.2 Survey Dates June 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

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Overall Site Description

The primary habitat within the site is arable, with the second most abundant habitat being tall ruderal vegetation at the margins.

There is a relatively small area of mixed semi-mature primarily native broadleaved species, but with some occasional introduced species which may have come from neighbouring gardens. There is a row of semi-mature and mature broadleaved trees along the boundary of Low Road worthy of retention.

The southern boundary of the site is adjacent to important habitats within the River Lune Biological Heritage Site, including woodland and unimproved grassland.

The primary species found within the tall ruderal patches are, common nettle (Urtica dioica), creeping thistle (Cirsium arvense), bramble (Rubus fruticosus agg.), common sorrel (Rumex acetosa), cleavers (Galium aparine), hedge bindweed (Calystegoa sylvatica), common bent (Agrostis capillaris), red fescue (Festuca rubra) and tufted hair grass (Deschampsia cespitosa).

At the boundaries of the site, particularly along Low Road, there are intact, species-poor

hedgerows . The main hedgerow is comprised of hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) and is almost entirely mono-species, however there are a few stands of elder (Sambucus nigra) throughout. There are also stands of common nettle, bramble, cleavers and creeping thistle which are found alongside the entirety of the main hedgerow. The small western section of hedgerow is of similar composition, however many of the stands here were larger and more mature.

Designated Sites

The River Lune BHS forms the southern boundary of the site, supporting not just running water but important woodland and grassland bankside habitats, immediately adjacent to the site

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Notable Species

Bat activity surveys of the site have been undertaken by others relatively recently (2015) and bat activity was recorded as low, as may be expected from the dominance of the arable land use. Bat activity was concentrated along hedgerows and along the northern and southern treelines

Bird species recorded on the site were relatively diverse and included song thrush, starling, dunnock, mistle thrush, willow warbler, blackcap, blue tit, chaffinch, chiff chaff, great tit, greenfinch, goldfinch, magpie, wren, robin and pheasant. While this is a reasonable bird community the majority of the birds were associated with the southern part of the site either within or adjacent to the BHS.

Otters may be associated with the Lune, although the best terrestrial habitat for otters is within the BHS boundary and not within the proposed allocation.

There are some isolated patches of the invasive plant Himalayan balsam on the site that will need to be controlled.

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

There are not considered to be any overall significant ecological constraints to the future development of this site.

The River Lune corridor is an important ecological asset and should be protected from any loss or potential harm.

The hedgerows are of some local importance and should be retained and/or replaced as part of any development.

The site would lend itself to grassland diversification if it were to be considered as part of the Lancashire Ecological Network.

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Phase 1 Habitat Map

Aerial photograph

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Forest Hills

LPSA Site Reference 808, 809 SHLAA Site reference n/A Site Name Forest Hills NGR (Centre of Site) 349470 457370 Area of Site (ha) Approx. 120 Survey Dates May – June 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area (in red)

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Overall Site Description

This is a very large ‘greenfield’ site to the east of the M6 (on the opposite side of the motorway from the University).

A varied, attractive landscape, generally pastoral fields with established hedgerows, with woodland (plantation and some self-set). Although the M6 forms the western boundary of area

the motorway, because of the undulating topography and the hedgerows breaking up the field structure, is not particularly dominant or even apparent and the area has a quiet, unspoilt and (very) rural character. Views are drawn out to the east to the uplands of the Bowland Fells. The Forest Hills facility itself is set down in the Conder Valley and is attractively landscaped, with substantive areas of varied, valuable habitats including open water, plantation woodlands,

hedges and areas of wet and unmanaged grassland and scrub otherwise absent from the wider Notablearea. Forest Habitats Hills and and Species the immediate surrounds are of high habitat value. Because of this habitat mosaic the area around the complex is of high value for nature conservation.

The agricultural fields are generally dominated by MG6/MG7 pasture improved and relatively species-poor grassland. The grassland supports few forbs and is dominated by Lolium perenne, Festuca sp., Holcus lanatus grasses with Trifolium repens and Cynosurus cristatus. This type of

grassland is ubiquitous throughout lowland Britain because the grasses are very palatable.

The hedgerows, although dominated by hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna) are well established and generally well-managed and also support other woody species such as hazel (Corylus avellana), ash (Fraxinus excelsior) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus). Hedgerow flora and field boundaries are generaly more species-rich, albeit typical of hedgerows in improved pasture landscapes, with willowherbs, docks, nettles, bracken, bramble , Arrhenathrum. Dry stone wall

boundaries add to the overall landscape character.

Woodland blocks are mixed mature broadleaved, with some younger plantation woodland present on the golf course and around the fishing lake. Species recorded in the older woodland blocks include oak, ash, birch, beech and sycamore. The younger plantations are diverse, with scots pine, holly, hazel, alder and willow. There are some (rare) hornbeam. None of the woodland within the search area appears to be Ancient Woodland, although they are all Priority

Habitats for Conservation. Generally woodland ground flora is not diverse, although bluebells are present in Blea Tarn Wood on the northern boundary of the site

There is more natural woodland following the River Conder valley, together with wet grassland and the River appears very clean (supports freshwater fish) and has high potential to support

Otters and native crayfish.

There are a number of ponds within the site; these have not been assessed or surveyed for amphibians, although there are no existing (historic) records of amphibians from the survey area.

The single large wind turbine at the University research station is a dominant feature in the local landscape.

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Designated Sites

There are no designated nature conservation sites within or adjacent to the site.

There are blocks of deciduous woodland and some small ponds (Priority Habitats) within the area.

Notable Species

The river course has high potential for supporting Otters and possibly water voles.

The landscape is well-suited or supporting bat foraging and the following bat species have been recorded from the area – Pipistrelle, Daubentons, Natterers, Brown Long-eared.

The landscape is well-suited to badgers; although no setts were recorded during field surveys, the

woodland blocks were difficult to access.

The protected Bird species Little-ringed Plover has been recorded in the area. The priority bird species Lapwing, Skylark, Reed Bunting, Black-headed gull, Bullfinch, Kestrel, Yellowhammer and Grey Partridge were all recorded during field surveys, all except the gulls probably breeding.

Redshank, Snipe and Woodcock were also recorded.

Bluebells were recorded in the woodland to the west of Hazelrigg Lane

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

The woodland blocks, hedgerows, open water and the river course are all of high ecological value and should be retained as part of any development proposals. The land and habitats around the Golf and Country Club are diverse; further developments in this area will need to be supported by more involved ecology surveys and assessments.

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Phase 1 Habitat Map

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Aerial photograph (2014)

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Carnforth Business Park

LPSA Site Reference 724 SHLAA Site Reference n/a Site Name Carnforth Business Park NGR (Centre of Site) 350700 470300 Area of Site (ha) 8.4 Survey Dates June 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson & Suzanne Waymont

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area

Aerial Photograph – now out of date and no longer relevant

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Overall Site Description

(Formerly) a large ‘greenfield’ site with (partial) permission for business use, now partly ‘built out’ with new business units.

In the remaining areas of greenspace the main ecological features of note are hedgerows, mature trees, minor dead wood and a few small areas of scrub. No ponds, ditches or streams

were recorded on site.

The predominant habitat type identified on site was improved species-poor grassland. The dominant grass species was Rye Grass Lolium Perenne typical of this habitat with frequent Thistle Cirsium sp. being indicative of localised nutrient enrichment.

The remaining hedgerows observed on site were mature. The hedgerows were species poor and Notabledominant Habitats species and present Species were Elder Sambucas nigra and Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna many of which had been laid in the past and were mature.

Standard mature trees remaining were (very) occasional and included Ash Fraxinus excelsior and

Sycamore Acer pseud oplatanus. Other species present within the hedgerows included Dog Rose Rosa canina, Hazel Corylus avellana, Bramble R ubus fruticosus and Ivy Hed era helix. The hedgerow ground flora was scarce and unexceptional. Species observed during the survey included Common Nettle Urtica dioica, Thistle, Ground Ivy Glechoma hederacea, Creeping Buttercup Ranunculus repens, Ribwort Plantain Plantago lanceolata and Broadleaved Dock

Rumex obtusifolius.

The surrounding land bordering the site to the north was improved grassland, used for cattle grazing and the Lancaster Canal. To the east lies the M6 motorway and improved fields and semi- natural woodland; to the south lies an improved field on the other side of Kellet Road, and to the west an established small industrial estate

Designated Sites

The Lancaster Canal BHS lies within 80m of the site to the north.

The BHS at ‘Kellet Road Verges’ lies on the site boundary, but the area has not been substantively affected by the recent development and ought not to be affected by any future further development of the site since it lies within landscape reserves around the periphery of the development site. The BHS appears to have degraded since last designated with scrub encroachment affecting plant species diversity in this area of designated calcareous grassland

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Notable Species

No notable species were recorded on the site during the surveys, and the site does not support sufficient or suitable habitats to support any.

A number of the buildings have some limited potential to support roosting bats but the buildings are relatively newly constructed and there is little in the way of good bat foraging habitat nearby,

making the presence of significant bat populations unlikely.

There were some small patches of the invasive plant species Himalayan Balsam on the site at the margins; the spread of this species should be controlled.

Overall Site Evaluation and Recommendations

The site does not support any important habitats or notable species and is generally of limited ecological interest.

Any enhancements should focus on new tree planting and/or new hedgerow planting

Phase 1 Habitat Map

Semi-natural habitats are very limited on this site, no Phase 1 prepared

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Lancaster West Business Park

LPSA Site Reference 732 SHLAA Site Reference n/a Site Name Lancaster West Business Park NGR (Centre of Site) 34230 45944 Area of Site (ha) 32 Survey Dates June 2017 Surveyors Derek Richardson & Suzanne Waymont

Location Map and Extent of Survey Area (in red)

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Overall Site Description

A habitat mosaic of scrub woodland (comprising Scrub Willow, birch, alder, ash, poplar, hawthorn, Prunus sp), amenity species-poor grassland, wet grassland, what could best be described as semi-improved grassland, large ponds, broadleaved woodland, scattered

broadleaved trees and marsh. The majority of the site would appear to be ‘made ground’ with previous (unknown) uses. The majority of the area does not appear to currently be managed.

The vegetation communities present do not fit readily into NVC categories. The wet grassland and marsh was dominated by Hard and Soft Rush but with some Ranunculus sp. and Epilobium sp. Some Himalayan Balsam is present.

The site was reasonable for bird interest

NotableBird species Habitats list andincluded Species Lapwing, Snipe, Chaffinch, Blue Tit, Great Tit, Coal Tit, Robin, Blackbird, Dunnock, Long-tailed Tit, Carrion Crow, Black-headed Gull, Willow warbler and Song thrush

Designated Sites

The site is very close to Middleton Marsh BHS, although separated from it by a road. The Marsh supports a range of freshwater habitats and species, including the protected species great crested newt, together with some unusual plants e.g. marsh orchids

Notable Species

No notable species were recorded on the site during the surveys, and the site does not support sufficient or suitable habitats to support any.

A number of the buildings have some limited potential to support roosting bats but the buildings are relatively newly constructed and there is little in the way of good bat foraging habitat

nearby, making the presence of significant bat populations unlikely.

There were some small patches of the invasive plant species Himalayan Balsam on the site at the Overallmargins; Site the Evaluation spread of an thisd Recommendations species should be controlled.

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The site as a whole is not of substantive ecological value, although there are some valuable, although patchy, areas of grassland on this site. Consideration should be given to carrying out a more detailed botanical survey as part of any future detailed planning applications with a view to translocating turves to maintain species diversity.

New landscaping, including tree planting and new pond or wetland creation would enhance the site and help to create a local ecological network with the nearby BHS sites.

Phase 1 Habitat Map

Semi-natural habitats are very limited on this site, no Phase 1 prepared

Aerial photograph

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Great Crested Newt (GCN) Survey Results

Site Ref Site Name Pond NGR HSI Score eDNA Result / comment Land North and East of Bailrigg Lane - - Looked at by others in relation to recent planning applications; GCN considered to be absent from the area 147 Land East of Ellel House Chapel Lane 34877 45571 Good Negative UE1 South Lancaster 347710 456760 - Unable to sample ponds – livestock 347945 455959 presence. GCN have previously been recorded in this area. UE2 East Lancaster 350432 463322 Good Large pond (fish?), off-line from Denny Beck. If it’s on-line the water body is likely to contain fish which would mean that GCN are very unlikely to be present. GB1 North Lancaster - - Surveyed in relation to the new road scheme; GCN considered to be absent from the area GB3 South Carnforth 34958 46910 Average Large pond within a reasonable landscape GB2 Torrisholme 346600 464010 Pond dry - 346490 464320 Pond dry - GB4 Slyne-with-Hest 34744 46632 Pond choked Negative VE Dolphinholme 35201 45332 Ponds heavily Inconclusive; ponds are separated from shaded allocation sites by the River Former Pontins Holiday Camp Carr Lane 34114 45822 Good Negative, but records exist from 2014 – further survey recommended. Signal crayfish recorded in 2016 may harm newts. 256+377 Lune Industrial Estate 345600 461520 Good Negative. The pools are only recently (Freemans Pool, centre established with water bird presence, but NGR) small part of just one pool sampled so further survey recommended if any future development will affect the pools

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References

Department for Communities and Local Government (2012). National Planning Policy Framework. Online - available from; http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/2116950.pdf.

Google Maps

Government Circular: Biodiversity & Geological Conservation – Statutory Obligations and their impact within the Planning System. ODPM Circular 06/2005, Defra Circular 01/2005.Online - available from; http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/147570.pdf

Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (ODPM) (March 2006). Planning for Biodiversity and Geological Conservation: A Guide to Good Practice. ODPM, London. Online – available from; http://www.communities.gov.uk/documents/planningandbuilding/pdf/143792 The Conservation of Habitats and Species Regulations (2010) as amended)

The Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended)

UK Biodiversity Steering Group (1995) Biodiversity – the UK Steering Group Report. Volume 2: Action Plans. Individual Species Reports – 3rd UK Habitats Directive Reporting 2013, JNCC. Online – available from - http://jncc.defra.gov.uk/page-6391 – Accessed June 2016

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