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Bakalarska Prace VYSOKÁ ŠKOLA POLYTECHNICKÁ JIHLAVA Katedra cestovního ruchu Cestovní ruch jako významná složka kubánské ekonomiky Bakalá řská práce Autor: Markéta Matoušková Vedoucí práce: RNDr. Eva Janoušková Ph.D. Jihlava 2011 Copyright © 2011 Markéta Matoušková Abstrakt MATOUŠKOVÁ, Markéta: Cestovní ruch jako významná složka kubánské ekonomiky. Vysoká škola polytechnická Jihlava. Katedra cestovního ruchu. Vedoucí práce: RNDr. Eva Janoušková Ph.D. Stupe ň odborné kvalifikace: bakalá ř. Jihlava 2011. Po čet stran: 106 Tato bakalá řská práce má za úkol zmapovat atraktivity cestovního ruchu na Kub ě a má podat p řehled o cestovním ruchu v této destinaci. Cílem mé práce je charakteristika Kuby jako významné turistické destinace se zam ěř ením na analýzu p ředpoklad ů a služeb cestovního ruchu. V této práci jsem se zam ěř ila i na propagaci a nabídku pobyt ů pro zahrani ční návšt ěvníky. Ve své práci jsem vycházela p ředevším z cestovatelských zkušeností po Kub ě na přelomu listopadu a prosince 2010. Čerpala jsem zejména z cizojazy čných zdroj ů. Velkou pomocí pro m ě byly i informace, které mi poskytl profesor Pascual Correa Alvaréz a profesor Fernando Rodriguéz Molina. Klí čová slova Kuba, cestovní ruch, historie, předpoklady cestovního ruchu, propagace destinace, propaga ční kampa ň, nabídka zájezd ů Abstract MATOUŠKOVÁ, Markéta: Tourism as a significant component of the Cuban economy. College of Polytechnic Jihlava. Department of tourism. The work supervisor: RNDr. Eva Janoušková Ph.D. Degrese of professional qualification: bachelor. Jihlava 2011. 106 pages This bachelor thesis is aimed at mapping attractivities of tourism in Cuba and giving a view of tourism in the destination. The aim of my thesis is characteristic of Cuba as a major tourist destination with a focus on the analysis of assumptions and tourism services. In this work, I focused on the promotion and offer trips for foreign visitors. In this thesis I resulted from all above travelling experience in Cuba in late November and December 2010. I drew from foreign sources. A great help for me were informations that I gave Professor Pascual Correa Alvarez and Professor Fernando Molina Rodriguez. Key words Cuba, tourism, history, assumptions tourism, destination promotion, promotional campaign, offering tours Na tomto míst ě bych ráda pod ěkovala své vedoucí bakalá řské práce RNDr. Ev ě Janouškové Ph.D. za podn ětné p řipomínky a odborné vedení práce. Dále bych cht ěla pod ěkovat prof. PhDr. Petrovi Chalupovi, CSc. za informace, které mi p ředal na Kub ě, a za jeho cenné rady a p řipomínky, kterými p řisp ěl ke kone čné podob ě práce. Pod ěkování pat ří i Pascualovi Correa Alvarézovi a Fernandovi Rodriguéz Molinovi, kte ří mi poskytli informace a materiály, bez nichž by tato práce nemohla v ůbec vzniknout. Velký dík pat ří také kubánskému velvyslanectví v Praze. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že p ředložená bakalá řská práce je p ůvodní a zpracoval/a jsem ji samostatn ě. Prohlašuji, že citace použitých pramen ů je úplná, že jsem v práci neporušil/a autorská práva (ve smyslu zákona č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, o právech souvisejících s právem autorským a o zm ěně n ěkterých zákon ů, v platném zn ění, dále též „ AZ “). Souhlasím s umíst ěním bakalá řské práce v knihovn ě VŠPJ a s jejím užitím k výuce nebo k vlastní vnit řní pot řeb ě VŠPJ. Byl/a jsem seznámen/a s tím, že na mou bakalá řskou práci se pln ě vztahuje AZ , zejména § 60 (školní dílo). Beru na v ědomí, že VŠPJ má právo na uzav ření licen ční smlouvy o užití mé bakalá řské práce a prohlašuji, že s o u h l a s í m s p řípadným užitím mé bakalá řské práce (prodej, zap ůjčení apod.). Jsem si v ědom/a toho, že užít své bakalá řské práce či poskytnout licenci k jejímu využití mohu jen se souhlasem VŠPJ, která má právo ode mne požadovat p řim ěř ený přísp ěvek na úhradu náklad ů, vynaložených vysokou školou na vytvo ření díla (až do jejich skute čné výše), z výd ělku dosaženého v souvislosti s užitím díla či poskytnutím licence. V Jihlav ě dne 15.5. 2011 ...................................................... Podpis OBSAH 1 ÚVOD.................................................................................................................. 12 2 P ŘEDPOKLADY ROZVOJE CESTOVNÍHO RUCHU .............................. 13 2.1 Lokaliza ční p ředpoklady cestovního ruchu ................................................ 13 2.1.1 Poloha a rozloha............................................................................................. 13 2.1.2 P řírodní p ředpoklady.................................................................................. 15 2.1.2.1 Horizontální členitost pevniny.................................................................... 15 2.1.2.2 Reliéf........................................................................................................... 16 2.1.2.3 Klima .......................................................................................................... 18 2.1.2.4 Hydrosféra .................................................................................................. 19 2.1.2.6 Biosféra....................................................................................................... 21 2.1.3 Kulturn ě správní p ředpoklady.................................................................. 25 2.1.3.1 Historie....................................................................................................... 25 2.1.3.1.1 P ůvodní obyvatelé.................................................................................... 25 2.1.3.1.2 První Evropané na ostrov ě....................................................................... 26 2.1.3.1.3 Kolonizace Kuby ..................................................................................... 26 2.1.3.1.4 Boje za nezávislost................................................................................... 26 2.1.3.1.5 Platt ův dodatek ........................................................................................ 28 2.1.3.1.6 Nástup diktatury....................................................................................... 28 2.1.3.1.7 Hnutí 26. července ................................................................................... 29 2.1.3.1.8 Castrova Kuba.......................................................................................... 30 2.1.3.1.9 Kuba a SSSR............................................................................................ 31 2.1.3.1.10 Války mimo ostrov ................................................................................ 32 2.1.3.1.11 Kuba po pádu železné opony................................................................. 32 2.1.3.1.12 Kuba po roce 2000................................................................................. 33 2.2 Selektivní p ředpoklady................................................................................... 40 2.2.1 Politické p ředpoklady.................................................................................. 40 2.2.1.1 Politická situace na Kub ě............................................................................ 40 2.2.1.2 Politický systém.......................................................................................... 40 2.2.1.3 Ministerstvo cestovního ruchu.................................................................... 42 2.2.2 Ekonomické p ředpoklady ........................................................................... 42 8 2.2.2.1 Zem ědělství a rybolov ................................................................................ 42 2.2.2.2 Pr ůmysl ....................................................................................................... 43 2.2.2.3 Služby ......................................................................................................... 46 2.2.2.3.1 Školství .................................................................................................... 46 2.2.2.3.2 Zdravotnictví............................................................................................ 47 2.2.3 Demografické p ředpoklady......................................................................... 49 2.2.3.1 Demografický vývoj ................................................................................... 49 2.2.3.2 Sou časný stav demografie .......................................................................... 50 2.2.4 Sociologické p ředpoklady............................................................................ 51 2.2.4.1 Náboženství ............................................................................................... 51 2.3 Realiza ční p ředpoklady cestovního ruchu.................................................... 53 2.3.1 Dopravní p ředpoklady ................................................................................ 53 2.3.1.1 Silni ční doprava ........................................................................................ 53 2.3.1.1.1 Automobily.............................................................................................. 54 2.3.1.1.2 Autobusy.................................................................................................. 55 2.3.1.1.3 Taxíky...................................................................................................... 56 2.3.1.1.4 Cocotaxi a bicitaxi ................................................................................... 56 2.3.1.2 Železni ční doprava.................................................................................... 57 2.3.1.3
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