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The History of the Monks of St Filibert in the Ninth Century

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The History of the Monks of St Filibert in the Ninth Century COMMUNITY, CULT AND POLITICS: THE HISTORY OF THE MONKS OF ST FILIBERT IN THE NINTH CENTURY Christian Harding A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of St Andrews 2010 Full metadata for this item is available in St Andrews Research Repository at: http://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/ Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/10023/915 This item is protected by original copyright Community, cult and politics: the history of the monks of St Filibert in the ninth century. Christian Harding Department of Mediaeval History University of St Andrews June 2009 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of St Andrews. Contents Acknowledgements i Abbreviations ii Maps viii Architectural plans xviii ONE: Introduction I: Historiography 1 II: Texts and movements 7 III: Aims of this study 10 TWO: Texts, authorship and dedications I: Introduction 17 II: Texts i: Dedicatory passages and De Translationibus et Miraculis Sancti Filiberti - Book one 18 ii: De Translationibus et Miraculis Sancti Filiberti - Book two 23 iii: The Chronicon Trenorchiense 24 iv: The Vita Filiberti 26 v: Ermentarius’ Vita Filiberti 36 III: Authorship 39 IV: Patrons i: Hilduin of Saint-Denis 43 ii: Charles the Bald 61 V: Conclusions 66 THREE: Noirmoutier to Déas I: Introduction 68 II: Northmen, Bretons and Carolingian politics i: Northmen 73 ii: Brittany and the Carolingian March 89 iii: Wala and Adalhard 104 III: Filibertine trade 115 IV: Architectural developments at Déas 132 V: Popular devotion and neighbouring cults i: Local responses to the cult of St Filibert 136 ii: Competing cults 144 VI: Conclusions 150 FOUR: Déas to Cunault and Messais I: Introduction 153 II: Déas to Cunault i: Dating and description 155 ii: Political contexts 161 iii: Trade at Cunault 182 III: Cunault to Messais i: Dating and description 187 ii: Viking influence on the third translation 193 iii: The political context 195 IV: Conclusions 212 FIVE: Authorial intent, genre, and the community as audience I: Introduction 215 II: The community of St Filibert as audience 216 III: Miracle accounts and the translation narrative 233 IV: Reflections on genre 243 i: Responses to the Northmen 244 ii: Textual comparisons 250 V: Conclusions 265 SIX: Conclusion 268 Bibliography 279 i Acknowledgements Although it may not always have felt like it, it has been a real privilege to have been able to spend the past few years working on this thesis. It would never have been possible for me to do so had it not been for the constant and gracious support, both financial and emotional, that I have received from my parents and all of my family. I am extremely grateful for it. My thanks also go to the University of St Andrews for the grant of the Bullough scholarship whose funding was vital. This process would never have been begun without the encouragement and guidance of Julia Smith, nor would it have been completed without the diligent efforts and support of Simon MacLean. I count myself very fortunate indeed to have had two such excellent supervisors both of whom have given me more time, help and advice than I can mention. I have been surrounded by a great number of people throughout my time in St Andrews both before and during my postgraduate studies all of whom deserve my thanks for their friendship. I cannot mention them all here, but I hope that they know who they are. I can’t resist the temptation to quote Bilbo Baggins whom Tolkien had say, ‘I don’t know half of you half as well as I should like, and I like less than half of you half as well as you deserve.’ Thanks go to everyone in the department of Mediaeval History at St Andrews for an extremely valuable experience and a lot of help, support and kindness. Those whose generous assistance has been especially important include but are not limited to Briony Aitchison, Dorothy Christie, Sally Crumplin, Sumi David, Linsey Hunter, Melanie Maddox, Jen McRobbie, Alex O’Hara, James Palmer, Jason Roche, Angus Stewart, Berta Wales, Audrey Wishart, Alex Woolf, Matthew Zimmern. To them and everyone else, I owe what sanity I have preserved. ii Abbreviations In order to preserve space all references to original source material in the footnotes have been abbreviated. Each abbreviation is listed below. A full list of sources and secondary material used is given in the bibliography. AB Felix Grat, Jeanne Vielliard and Suzanne Clémencet (eds), Annales de Saint-Bertin (Paris, 1964). Admonitio Admonitio Generalis (789), Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum Sectio II, Capitularia regum francorum, 1, ed. Alfred Boretius (Hanover, 1883), 53-62. AE Annales Engolismenses, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, 16, ed. Georg H. Pertz (Hanover, 1859). AF Annales Fuldenses, Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptorum Rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum seperatim editi, ed. Georg H. Pertz and Friedrich Kurze (Hanover, 1891). AMP Annales Mettenses Priores, Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum seperatim editi, ed. B.de Simson (Hanover and Leipzig, 1905). ARF Annales Regni Francorum inde ab a. 741. usque ad a. 829 qui dicuntur Annales Laurissenses Maiores et Einhardi, Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptorum Rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum seperatim editi, ed. Georg H. Pertz and Friedrich Kurze (Hanover, 1895). AX Annales Xantenses, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum seperatim editi, ed. B. de Simson (Hanover and Leipzig, 1909), 1-33. Bella parisiacae Viking Attacks on Paris: The Bella parisiacae urbis of Abbo of Saint-Germain-des-Prés, ed. and trans. Nirmal Dass (Paris, 2007). iii Capitularia de causis Capitularia de causis cum episcopus et abbatibus tractandis, 811 in Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum Sectio II, Capitularia Regum Francorum, 1, ed. Alfred Boretius (Hanover, 1883), 7, 163. Chronici Fontanellensis Fragmentum Chronici Fontanellensis, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores, 2, ed. Georg H. Pertz (Hanover, 1829), 301-304. Chronicon Falco, Chronicon Trenorchiense in René Poupardin (ed.), Monuments de l’Histoire des Abbayes de Saint-Philibert (Noirmoutier, Grandlieu, Tournus) (Paris, 1905), 71-106. Chronique de Nantes La Chronique de Nantes (570 environ - 1049), ed. Réne Merlet (Paris, 1896). Concilium Monguntiense Concilium Monguntiense, 813 in Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum Sectio III, Concilia, 3, Pars I, ed. Albert Werminghoff (Hanover and Leipzig, 1906), 36, 272. DEF Dictionnaire des eglises de France, Vol. III, Sud-Ouest (Bordeaux, 1967). De fide Carolo De fide Carolo Regi servanda, Patrologia Latina, ed. J.-P. Migne, no. 125, cols 0961-0984. DOP Hincmar of Rheims, De Ordine palatii, Monumenta Germaniae Historica Fontes iuris Germanici antiqui in usum scholarum seperatim editi, ed. Thomas Gross and Rudolf Schieffer (Hanover, 1980). Edictum Pistense Edictum Pistense, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Legum Sectio II, Capitularia Regum Francorum, 2, ed. Alfred Boretius and Victor Krause (Hanover, 1897), no.273. Epitaphium Paschasius Radbertus, Epitaphium Arsenii, in J.-P. Migne (ed.), Patrologia Latina, 120, cols. 1557-1650. Ermold Ermold le Noir: Poème sur Louis le Pieux et Épitres au Roi Pépin, ed. and trans Edmond Faral (Paris, 1932). Frothaire Michel Parisse (ed.), La correspondance d’un évêque carolingien: Frothaire de Toul (ca 813-847) (Paris, 1998). iv Gesta Dagoberti Gesta Dagoberti I. regis Francorum, Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptorum Rerum Merovingicarum, 2, ed. Bruno Krusch (Hanover, 1888), 396-425. Gesta Hludowici Thegan, Gesta Hludowici Imperatoris, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Scriptores Rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum seperatim editi, ed. Ernst Tremp (Hanover, 1995), 167-260. HITAB Historia inventionis et translationis Ss Agnetis et Benigni in Acta Sanctorum, editio novissima, Jan. II, ed. Godefrid Henschenius (Brussels, 1863), 721-724. HSC Historia de Sancto Cuthberto: A History of Saint Cuthbert and a Record of his Patrimony, ed. Ted Johnson South (Cambridge, 2002). Libellus Symeon of Durham: Libellus de exordio atque procursu istius, hoc est Dunhelmensis ecclesie: Tract on the Origins and Progress of this the Church of Durham, ed. and trans. David Rollason (Oxford, 2000). MGHEpist Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Epistolorum, 4, ed. Ernst Dümmler (Berlin, 1895). MMV Miracula Martini abbatis Vertaventsis, Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptorum Rerum Merovingicarum, 3, ed. Bruno Krusch (Hanover, 1896), 564-575. NCMH, I New Cambridge Medieval History, I, c.500-c.700, ed. Paul Fouracre (Cambridge, 2005). NCMH, II New Cambridge Medieval History, II, c.700-900, ed. Rosamond McKitterick (Cambridge, 1995). Nithard Nithard, Histoire des fils de Louis le Pieux, ed. and trans. Philippe Lauer (2nd edition Paris, 1964). ODS Oxford Dictionary of Saints ed. David Farmer (4th edition, Oxford, 1997). Ordinatio Ordinatio Imperii, Monumenta Germaniae Historica Capitularia, 1, Hludowici Pii Capitularia, 814-827, no.136, 270-273. v RAC, I Georges Tessier, Recueil des Actes de Charles II le Chauve Roi de France, I (840-860) (Paris, 1943). RAC, II Georges Tessier, Recueil des Actes de Charles II le Chauve Roi de France, II (861-877) (Paris, 1952). RAPP Léon Levillain, Receuil des Actes de Pépin Ier et de Pépin II Rois d’Aquitaine (814-848) (Paris, 1926). Reginonis Chronicon Reginonis abbatis Prumiensis Chronicon cum continuatione Treverensi, Monumenta Germaniae Historica Scriptorum Rerum Germanicarum in usum scholarum seperatim editi, ed. Friedrich Kurze
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