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Participatory Rural Appraisal For Sustaining and Enhancing the Momentum for Innovation and Learning around the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the Lower Mekong Basin River (SRI - LMB) Participatory Rural Appraisal for System of Rice Intensification in Thailand This project is funded by A project implemented by the the European Union Asian Institute of Technology DISCLAIMER: This report was prepared as a result of work subcontracted by Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand to Ubonratchathani Rajabhat University, Thailand with funding support from the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the Implementing Partner and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. Participatory Rural Appraisal for System of Rice Intensification in Thailand 1 http://www.sri-lmb.ait.asia/ Participatory Rural Appraisal for System of Rice Intensification in Thailand Contents Acronyms ................................................................................................................................. 5 Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. 6 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................. 11 1.2 Objectives ................................................................................................................ 11 1.3 Scope of the Work .................................................................................................... 12 2. Methodology .................................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Data Collection ......................................................................................................... 12 2.2 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................... 13 2.3 Conceptual Framework for this Study ....................................................................... 13 3. Baseline scenario from PRA conducted in Uttaradit Province .......................................... 14 3.1 General Situation in Uttaradit Province ..................................................................... 14 3.2 Situation Analysis of the Target Area ........................................................................ 15 3.3 Socioeconomic Status of the Farmers in the Target Area .......................................... 17 3.4 Agricultural Production System.................................................................................. 18 3.5 Rice Production System and Management ............................................................... 20 3.6 Challenges for Rice Farming in the Target Area ....................................................... 22 3.7 Landholding and Gender Roles ................................................................................ 26 3.8 Organizations and Groups in the Communities ......................................................... 27 4. Baseline scenario from PRA conducted in Surin Province ............................................... 28 4.1 Situation Analysis of the Target Area ........................................................................ 29 4.2 Land Holding and Gender Roles ............................................................................... 31 4.3 Community Organizations ........................................................................................ 32 4.4 Support and Relationship with Government Institutions, Organizations or Agencies . 32 4.5 Agricultural Production ............................................................................................. 33 4.6 Rice Cultivation ........................................................................................................ 34 4.7 Rice Yield and Marketing .......................................................................................... 37 4.8 Rice Farm Input Costs .............................................................................................. 37 4.9 Rice Farming Challenges Faced by the Farmers ....................................................... 37 5. Household Level Information: Questionnaire Data Analysis ................................................ 39 5.1 General Background of the Respondents ................................................................. 39 5.2 Economic Information of the Households ................................................................. 40 5.3 Farmer Household’s Sources of Agricultural Knowledge .......................................... 42 2 http://www.sri-lmb.ait.asia/ Participatory Rural Appraisal for System of Rice Intensification in Thailand 5.4 Rice Farming Conditions .......................................................................................... 42 5.5 Gender Roles ............................................................................................................ 45 5.6 Opinions on System of Rice Intensification ................................................................ 46 5.7 Comparison of Socioeconomic Characteristics of Farmers with Different Landholdings ............................................................................................................................................ 49 6. Government Policies, their Impact and Rice Farm Management at Field level .................... 51 6.1 Government’s Development Policies and their Implications on Agriculture ................ 51 6.2 Impact from Government Policies on the Farmers in the Target Area ....................... 54 6.3 Impact from Rice Farm Management of the Farmers in the Target Area .................... 56 7. Guidelines for Developing the Target Area ......................................................................... 59 7.1 Development Approach to Rice Production in the Target Area ................................... 59 7.2 Development Approach Regarding Small Landholder and Landless Farmers ............ 60 7.3 Gender Considerations to Development Approach in the Target Area ....................... 61 List of Tables Table 1: Physical characteristics of the target area .......................................................................... 16 Table 2: Agricultural production in the target area ............................................................................ 19 Table 3: Seasonal calendar of the target area .................................................................................. 19 Table 4: Rice production characteristics in the target area ............................................................. 24 Table 5: Input cost for rice farming in the target area....................................................................... 25 Table 6: Rice farming challenges ........................................................................................................ 26 Table 7: Agricultural production in the target communities ............................................................. 33 Table 8: Seasonal calendar of the target area .................................................................................. 33 Table 9: Rice cultivation activities in the target area ........................................................................ 36 Table 10: Input cost .............................................................................................................................. 38 Table 11: Rice farming challenges ...................................................................................................... 39 Table 12: General background of the respondents .......................................................................... 40 Table 13: Household income and debt 1/ ............................................................................................ 41 Table 14: Sources of agricultural knowledge for farmer households ............................................. 42 Table 15: Problems in rice farming for the farmer households1/ ..................................................... 44 Table 16: Decision making roles of men and women in the household ....................................... 45 Table 17: Gender roles in the household’s rice production activities ............................................. 46 Table 18: Opinion of farmers on System of Rice Intensification, which is rice production by transplanting one rice seedling per hole ............................................................................................. 47 Table 19: Importance of factors in decision making to adopt System of Rice Intensification .... 48 Table 20: Importance of factors in decision making to not adopt System of Rice Intensification .................................................................................................................................................................. 49 Table 21: Comparison of the mean of some socioeconomic characteristics of farmers grouped by different levels of landholding in Surin Province .......................................................................... 50 3 http://www.sri-lmb.ait.asia/ Participatory Rural Appraisal for System of Rice Intensification in Thailand Table 22: Comparison of the mean of some socioeconomic characteristics of farmers grouped by different level of landholding in Uttaradit Province
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