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Teknik Penulisan Manga Manga No Shippitsu No Gijutsu

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Teknik Penulisan Manga Manga No Shippitsu No Gijutsu TEKNIK PENULISAN MANGA MANGA NO SHIPPITSU NO GIJUTSU KERTAS KARYA DIKERJAKAN OLEH NAMA : SYAFRINA RAHMA DESYOLA NIM : 142203081 PROGRAM STUDI D-III BAHASA JEPANG FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2017 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Disetujui Oleh : Program Studi D-III Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utama Medan Medan, Agustus 2017 Ketua, Dr. Diah Syafitri Handayani, M.Litt NIP: 197212281999032001 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PENGESAHAN Diterima Oleh : Panitia Ujian Program Pendidikan Non-Gelar Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Medan, untuk melengkapi salah satu syarat ujian Diploma III Program Studi Bahasa Jepang. Pada : Tanggal : Hari : Program Studi D-III Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara Dekan, Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S NIP: 196008051987031001 Panitia Tugas Akhir : No. Nama Tanda Tangan UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1. ( ) 2. ( ) 3. ( ) KATA PENGANTAR Segala puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena berkat rahmat dan hidayah-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan kertas karya ini, sebagai syarat untuk memenuhi ujian akhir Diploma III Program Studi Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. Kertas karya ini berjudul “Teknik Membuat Manga.” Dalam penyelesaian kertas karya ini penulis telah berusaha semaksimal mungkin, namun penulis menyadari keterbatasan baik dalam pengelolaan data maupun dalam penyajiannya yang masih terdapat kekurangan. Untuk itu penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangun untuk menyempurnakan kertas karya ini. Dan dalammenyusun kertas karya ini penulis telah banyak mendapat bantuan serta bimbingan dari berbagai pihak, oleh sebab itu, penulis mengucapkan banyak terimakasih kepada; 1. Bapak Dr. Budi Agustono, M.S., selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 2. Ibu Dr. Diah Syafitri Handayani, M.Litt. selaku Ketua Program Studi Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. 3. Ibu Dr. Diah Syafitri Handayani, M.Litt. selaku Pembimbing, yang selalu memberikan waktu dan pemikirannya dalam membimbing, mengarahkan, serta memberikan saran-saran kepada penulis dalam penyusunan kertas karya ini hingga selesai. UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. Terima kasih yang tidak terhingga kepada Ibunda Lola Efinda Harahap yang selalu memberikan dukungan, baik moril maupun materil dan selalu mendoakan penulis dapat menyelesaikan studinya dan menyelesaikan kertas karya ini. 5. Kepada sahabat-sahabat saya sekalian, terima kasih banyak atas dukungan dan motivasi kalian. 6. Kepada saudara Septian Nugraha, terima kasih atas dukungan dan bantuannya selama mengerjakan kertas karya ini. 7. Kepada teman-teman Hinode stambuk 2014, terima kasih atas dorongan dan dukungan agar saya cepat menyelesaikan kertas karya ini. 8. Serta kepada semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu-persatu, yang telah memberikan bantuan sehingga kertas karya ini dapat terselesaikan. Hanya Tuhan yang dapat membalas kebaikan kalian semua. Penulis menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa tugas akhir ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna, baik dari isi maupun uraiannya. Oleh karena itu, penulis mengharapkan masukan, kritik dan saran yang membangun. Akhir kata, semoga kertas karya ini nantinya dapat berguna dan bermanfaat bagi penulis, pembaca khususnya mahasiswa/mahasiswi Program Studi D-III Bahasa Jepang Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan, 2017 Penulis, Syafrina Rahma Desyola NIM: 142203081 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................... i-iii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................ iv BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 ALASAN PEMILIHAN JUDUL ........... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2 TUJUAN PENULISAN .......................................................................... 2 1.3 BATASAN MASALAH ......................................................................... 2 1.4 METODE PENULISAN ......................................................................... 2 BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM MENGENAI MANGA 2.1 SEJARAH MANGA ............................................................................ 3-5 2.1 JENIS-JENIS MANGA ..................................................................... 5-12 BAB III TEKNIK MEMBUAT MANGA 3.1 ALAT-ALAT MEMBUAT MANGA ............................................. 13-18 3.2 GERAKAN TANGAN .................................................................... 18-19 3.3 POSISI MENGGAMBAR ............................................................... 19-20 BAB IV KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 4.1 KESIMPULAN .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.1 4.2 SARAN .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.1-22 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 ALASAN PEMILIHAN JUDUL Di Jepang, hampir semua orang membaca manga. Media manga mencakup karya berbagai genre; aksi-petualangan, asmara, olahraga, dan permainan, sejarah drama, komedi, fiksi ilmiah dan fantasi, misteri, detektif, horor, seksualitas, dan bisnis/perdangangan, dan lain-lain. Sejak tahun 1950-an, manga telah terus menerus menjadi bagian utama dari indusri penerbitan Jepang, mewakili pasar ¥406 miliar di Jepang pada tahun 2007 (Sekitar $3,6 miliar) dan ¥420 miliar ($5.5 miliar) pada tahun 2009. Manga juga telah mendapatkan pembaca dari seluruh dunia yang signifikan. Cerita manga biasanya dicetak dalam kertas hitam-putih, namun ada juga yang sudah full colour. Di Jepang, manga biasanya diterbitkan secara berseri di majalah manga besar, yang sering mengandung banyak cerita manga, masing-masing disediakan dalam satu bab dan kemudian dilanjutkan lagi di edisi selanjutnya. Jika serinya terkenal dan banyak diminati, maka bab tersebut akan dikumpulkan dan akan dipublikasikan sebagai tankoubon. Seorang seniman manga biasanya bekerja dengan beberapa asisten di sebuah studio kecil dan berhubungan dengan editor dari perusahaan penerbit. Jika tankoubon tadi cukup diminati, manga tersebut akan mendapatkan kesempatan untuk dianimasikan saat selesai, atau bahkan di saat manganya sedang berjalan. Membuat manga terdengar gampang, karena hanya perlu membuat cerita bergambar di atas kertas. Tetapi, ternyata tidak semudah itu, karena dalam membuat manga, diperlukan alat, ketelatenan, dan teknik membuat manga yang baik, serta memperhatikan posisi tubuh saat menggambar. Untuk mengenal lebih jauh mengenai menga dan menambah wawasan mengenai rumit dan menariknya pembuatan manga ini maka penulis memilih “Teknik Membuat Manga” sebagai judul kertas karya ini. UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.2 TUJUAN PENULISAN Adapun tujuan penulis memilih judul kertas karya ini adalah sebagai berikut : 1. Untuk mengetahui sejarah manga. 2. Untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis manga yang ada di Jepang. 3. Untuk mengetahui alat-alat menggambar manga. 4. Untuk mengetahui gerakan tangan saat menggambar manga. 5. Untuk mengetahui posisi menggambar manga yang dan benar. 1.3 BATASAN MASALAH Agar penulisan dalam kertas karya ini sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan serta terarah, maka penulis membatasi permasalahan yang akan dibahas, yaitu mengenai Teknik Membuat Manga. Di dalam kertas karya ini, penulis membahas mengenai sejarah manga, jenis-jenis manga, alat-alat menggambar manga, gerakan tangan saat menggambar manga, serta posisi menggambar manga yang baik dan benar. 1.4 METODE PENULISAN Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan kertas karya ini adalah metode kepustakaan (Library Research), yaitu metode mengumpulkan data dari sumber bacaan yang ada dalam buku sebagai referensi yang berkaitan dengan pokok permasalahan yang dibahas, kemudian dirangkum dan dideskripsikan ke dalam kertas karya ini. Selain itu penulis juga memanfaatkan teknologi internet sebagai referensi tambahan agar data yang didapat menjadi lebih jelas dan akurat. UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM MENGENAI MANGA 2.1 SEJARAH MANGA Manga (Ma–Nga), merupakan bahasa Jepang yang diartikan dalam bahasa Indonesia sebagai komik. Orang Jepang sendiri mengeja manga dengan Man–Ga atau Ma–Ng–Ga dan arti harfiah dari kata manga adalah gambar aneh. Orang yang menggambar manga biasa disebut mangaka. Manga di Jepang diawali pada zaman Edo, di mana seorang pemahat kayu dan pelukis bernama Katsushika Hokusai (1760 – 1849), menciptakan istilah Hokusai Manga pada serial sketsanya yang berjumlah 15 volume dan diterbitkan pada tahun 1814. Hokusai itu sendiri berasal dari 2 huruf Cina yang memiliki arti gambar manusia untuk menceritakan sesuatu. Di akhir abad ke-18, Kibyoushi, sebagai buku komik pertama yang berisi cerita muncul dengan tatanan gambar yang dikelilingi oleh tulisan (atau tulisan di samping gambar) sebagai narasinya. Manga tidak begitu berkembang hingga Perang Dunia II. Pada awal abad 19, muncul seorang mangaka yang membawa sejarah baru di dunia manga Jepang. Dia adalah Osamu Tezuka (1928-1989), dengan karyanya yang terkenal, Tetsuwan Atom (yang di Indonesia dikenal sebagai Astro Boy) dan manga-nya yang diadaptasi dari novel Treasure Island karya Robert Louis Stevenson meraih nilai penjualan tertinggi nasional karena sukses dijual sebanyak 400.000 eksemplar. Karena pada mulanya komik di Jepang adalah peniruan dari film animasi dari Walt Disney maka saat itu para penggemar komik Jepang adalah anak-anak. Namun pada tahun 1959 mulai diterbitkan dua majalah mingguan untuk anak laki-laki yaitu Shonen Magazine dan Shonen Sunday. Saat itu hiburan untuk
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