The World Map / Selected Features of Political Geography Map No. 64 ISBN: 978-2-89157-186-9 PRODUCT NO.: 400 9288 Washable: We strongly recommend the use of Crayola water-soluble markers. Bands and hooks 122 cm × 94 cm / 48 in × 37 in Other markers may damage your maps.

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Be N O ring Str ISLAND N 0 1 000 km 0 1 000 km carefully stylized to capture ait O V C A A Y A M L Y 80 [RUSSIAN FEDERATION] Z E 90° 100° 110 ° 120° 130° 140° 150° 160° 170° 180° 170° 160° 150° 140° 130° 120° 110 ° 100° 90° 80° 70° 60° 50° 40° 30° 20° 10° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° ° E Arkhangelsk Queen Maud A Land N ARCTIC OCEAN Chukchi Barents N Ross Amundsen-Scott azimuthal equidistant projection azimuthal equidistant projection A Sea Sea 80 E Sea [U.S.A.] ° C ALASKA 70° 80°

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Yenisei 180° East Siberian Sea McClure MELVILLE ISLAND GREENLAND Murmansk Arctic Circle Strait DEVON ISLAND [DENMARK] JAN MAYEN WRANGEL ISLAND [NORWAY] A [RUSSIAN FEDERATION] Parry Channel ust ralia 90° 90° BANKS ISLAND Beaufort Sea Ittoqqortoormiit Pevek White RUSSIAN FEDERATION Baf n Bay Sea Ob Norwegian Sea Arkhangelsk 60° 60° Chukchi Sea VICTORIA ISLAND BAFFIN ISLAND Amundsen Gulf Tuktoyaktuk Gulf of RUSSIAN FEDERATION Yakutsk Boothia SWEDEN Strait of Denmark Onega ALASKA Lake Lena Bering [U.S.A.] FINLAND Ladoga Tomsk Strait Foxe NORWAY Lake Basin Tampere Svir Krasnoyarsk Gulf ICELAND Trondheim Gulf Kirov Oblast Perm of Anadyr Yukon Arctic Circle Reykjavik FAROE ISLANDS of Helsinki Yenisei Bothnia Davis Strait [DENMARK] Klarälven Gulf Yekaterinburg Novosibirsk of Finland St. Petersburg Great Bear Nuuk Glama Omsk Magadan Mackenzie Novokuznetsk Lake Bergen Stockholm Tallinn Volga Shelikhov ST. LAWRENCE Iqaluit SHETLAND ISLANDS [UNITED KINGDOM] ESTONIA Gulf ISLAND Oslo Vanern The Arctic Circle and GOTLAND United Nations Angara [U.S.A.] Lake Yellowknife Hudson Strait [SWEDEN] Riga Baikal Anchorage Gothenburg Moskva Nizhny Novgorod Lake HEBRIDES LATVIA Great Slave Ivujivik [UNITED KINGDOM] Irkutsk Whitehorse Lake KAZAKHSTAN Sea of Okhotsk Bering Sea NUNIVAK ISLAND Malmö Baltic LITHUANIA Slave Ungava Vilnius Samara 50° 50° [U.S.A.] Gulf of Aarhus Sea COMMANDER ISLANDS DENMARK RUSS. FED. Astana the North Magnetic Pole Alaska Bay Glasgow Minsk [RUSSIAN FEDERATION] Hudson Bay UNITED KINGDOM Copenhagen • Labrador Sea Qaraghandy Familiar designations, for countries Athabasca Kuujjuaq North Sea Belfast BELARUS KODIAK ISLAND Lake Aktobe Selenga Caniapiscau Gomel Hamburg Warsaw [U.S.A.] ALEXANDER Irish NETHERLANDS

Amsterdam Lódz Vistula Nelson Sea SAKHALIN Petropavlosk-Kamchatsky ALEUTIAN ISLANDS ARCHIPELAGO Dublin Berlin Chernobyl basca Kyiv Ulaanbaatar [U.S.A.] KAZAKHSTAN CANADA Thames GERMANY POLAND and their capitals, recommended Atha Cardiff Kharkiv IRELAND Cologne Dnieper FOX ISLANDS Shannon Fraser Rhine Prague Churchill Brussels Kraków • MONGOLIA [U.S.A.] QUEEN CHARLOTTE Edmonton La Grande Rivière London UKRAINE The Polar Circle is a xed, abstract BELGIUM CZECH Donetsk Amur Khabarovsk ANDREANOF ISLANDS ISLANDS James REPUBLIC REPUBLIC Rostov-na-Donu Lake English LUXEMBOURG SLOVAKIA [U.S.A.] [CANADA] Bay Bratislava OF MOLDOVA Ürümqi Saskatoon Winnipeg Manicouagan Channel Seine Munich Chisinau by the United Nations Cartographic Rupert Celtic Sea Budapest Aral Harbin Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Calgary Albany Paris LIECHTENSTEIN Vienna Cluj-Napoca Sea Almaty Regina Loire AUSTRIA Vancouver SWITZERLAND HUNGARY Odessa phenomenon, while the North Gulf Winnipeg Bern SLOVENIA ROMANIA Aktau Bishkek of Ljubljana VANCOUVER ISLAND Thunder Bay Saguenay CROATIA Bucharest [CANADA] Saint Lawrence Bay of Milan Zagreb Vladivostok Victoria Red Grozny Tashkent KYRGYZSTAN Seattle St. Lawrence Biscay FRANCE Lyon Sarajevo Section. The short forms of some Lake Rhône Danube Caspian Amu Greater Superior Québec ITALY SAN MARINO BOSNIA AND Belgrade Varna Black Sea 40° 40° Charlottetown St. John’s Bordeaux HERZEGOVINA GEORGIA Sea Darya Sapporo Sudbury SERBIA AND BULGARIA Shenyang Ligurian Adriatic Sea Baotou Fredericton MONTENEGRO UZBEKISTAN Magnetic Pole is a concrete Ottawa Montréal ANDORRA Sea SAINT-PIERRE- MONACO So a Tbilisi Columbia ET- MIQUELON Andorra VATICAN AZERBAIJAN Samarqand Lake la Vella Gulf Istanbul CHINA Beijing DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S HOKKAIDO Ottawa [FRANCE] of Lion CORSICA MACEDONIA TAJIKISTAN Portland Huron Ajaccio Rome ARMENIA Baku Dushanbe REPUBLIC OF KOREA Toronto ALBANIA Skopje Yerevan TURKMENISTAN country names have been used. P’yongyang Minneapolis Halifax Tirana Ankara Lake Milwaukee SPAIN Tyrrhenian Naples Ashgabat Missouri Ontario Barcelona Sea Thessaloniki Tianjin Albany Kizilirmak Wonsan Porto Madrid Detroit BALEARIC ISLANDS Aras but mobile phenomenon with Boston SARDINIA Aegean Palma Cagliari Sea Izmir Tabriz UNITED STATES OF AMERICA New York PORTUGAL Tagus SICILY GREECE TURKEY Mashhad AFGHANISTAN Sea of Japan Omaha Chicago Lake Erie Palermo Athens Seoul Lake Lisbon Adana Cleveland Philadelphia AZORES Kabul Denver Michigan Strait Lanzhou Huang He REPUBLIC JAPAN [PORTUGAL] of Ionian Sea Tehran Busan Salt Lake City Columbus Seville Mosul OF KOREA Tokyo Sicily Herat Kabul Indianapolis Aleppo Tigris a precise location on a particular San Francisco Kansas City MALTA CRETE Arkansas Washington DC Tunis THE ISLAMIC Hosaka Ohio GIBRALTAR Valletta Nicosia SYRIA Islamabad St. Louis Strait of Algiers Constantine Sousse [UNITED KINGDOM] CYPRUS Damascus REPUBLIC OF IRAN Brahmaputra Oklahoma City Gibraltar Oran Beirut Baghdad CHINA Yellow Sea HONSHU Helmand Las Vegas Colorado Nashville TUNISIA Mediterranean Sea LEBANON Kandahar Lahore Salween Euphrates Esfahan Albuquerque IRAQ Memphis Rabat ISRAEL Amman Karun SHIKOKU Los Angeles MADEIRA Indus 30° date. By the time the next edition 30° Wuhan Phoenix Mississippi Jerusalem Ahvaz Brahmaputra Lhasa Chengdu Red Atlanta [PORTUGAL] Casablanca Moulouya Benghazi Shanghai KYUSHU San Diego BERMUDA Tripoli Abadan Delhi Dallas [UNITED KINGDOM] MOROCCO Alexandria JORDAN Basra Shiraz NEPAL BHUTAN Yangtze Suez Kathmandu El Paso Savannah Hamilton Kuwait Tijuana Marrakech Cairo New Delhi East China Sea Rio Grande PAKISTAN NEPAL Thimphu KUWAIT Persian Yamuna New Orleans Jacksonville Gulf Ciudad Juárez San Antonio Houston CANARY ISLANDS of this map is printed, the North Biratnagar [SPAIN] SAUDI ARABIA Hermosillo BAHRAIN Ganges [] Sargasso Sea ALGERIA Asyut Ganges INDIA Manama Chihuahua Nile QATAR Kunming LIBYA BANGLADESH Conchos Doha Taipei Gulf of California Laayoune Gulf Karachi Irrawaddy CEDROS ISLAND Riyadh Dhaka Miami Abu of Oman [MEXICO] WESTERN EGYPT Tropic of Cancer Xun Xi Torreón Monterrey Medina Dhabi Muscat Song Matamoros Nassau SAHARA Magnetic Pole will have long Guangzhou Gulf of Mexico Kolkata TAIWAN Culiacán Ahmedabad Mandalay Koi Macau Tropic of Cancer MEXICO BAHAMAS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Kaohsiung La Paz Durango Jeddah Mecca Salween Hanoi OMAN INDIA Aguascalientes San Luis Havana MYANMAR Hong Kong Honolulu Straits (BURMA) Potosí of 20° 20° LAOS Haiphong León Merida Santiago Luzon Strait Yucatán since shifted to a new location. Philippines Sea HAWAII Santiago de Cuba Port Sudan Mumbai Chiang [U.S.A.] [MEXICO] CUBA Vientiane CAYMAN ISLANDS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MAURITANIA Red Sea Chao Mai Guadalajara Mexico Veracruz [UNITED KINGDOM] Santo Domingo HAINAN [MEXICO] Nouakchott [MEXICO] George Town Port-au-Prince PUERTO RICO MALI Yangon Mekong Morelia [U.S.A.] NIGER Hyderabad Moulmein Balsas Usumacinta JAMAICA Phraya Da Nang LUZON BELIZE San Juan ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Belmopan Kingston St. Jhon’s CHAD The International THAILAND HAITI Basseterre Senegal Asmara YEMEN HONDURAS ST. KITTS AND NEVIS GUADALOUPE [FRANCE] Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal Acapulco CAPE VERDE Praia SENEGAL Khartoum Sana’a Bangkok Roseau DOMINICA Dakar Blue Nile VIETNAM Tegucigalpa Sea ERITREA Manila MARTINIQUE [FRANCE] Niamey Zinder Lake Tchad SUDAN Aden Bengaluru Chennai GUATEMALA Guatemala Castries ST. LUCIA GAMBIA SOCOTRA PHILIPPINES Bamako Gonder Gulf Phnom Managua NICARAGUA ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES BARBADOS Banjul Ougadougou [YEMEN] Bay of South China Sea San Salvador Kingstown N’Djamena Al-Ubayyid of Aden Andaman Sea Penh Bridgetown Ségou Kano Maiduguri DJIBOUTI Bengal GUINEA-BISSAU BURKINA FASO Djibouti EL SALVADOR Barranquilla St. George’s GRENADA / PASSION ISLAND Bissau Date Line Niger San José TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO BENIN [FRANCE] Port of Spain Conakry NIGERIA Addis Ababa 10° 10° CAMBODIA Ho Chi Minh City Bacolod Panama GUINEA T White Nile Hargeisa Cebu Caracas Volta Abuja Maracaibo O Gulf PALAU SIERRA LEONE IVORY COAST G SOMALIA MARSHALL ISLANDS Panama Canal GUYANA of Thailand Koror FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA Orinoco Freetown O Majuro Arauca Georgetown Yamoussoukro GHANA SOUTH Davao MINDANAO Palikir Medellin Lomé Porto-Novo CENTRAL AFRICAN Shebelle PANAMA Lagos SUDAN Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte BRUNEI DARUSSALAM Meta SURINAME LIBERIA Accra REPUBLIC Bandar Seri Begawan Monrovia Juba ETHIOPIA MagdalenaBogotá Abidjan Port Harcourt Bangui SRI LANKA Paci c VENEZUELA FRENCH GUIANA Sanaga Medan Kuala Atlantic Douala [COSTA RICA] [FRANCE]

Lumpur Celebes Sea Cali Essequibo Paramaribo Yaoundé Malé • An imaginary line that follows MALAYSIA Cayenne Gulf of Malabo MALDIVES CELEBES KIRIBATI Guinea CAMEROON UGANDA SUMATRA Kuching EQUATORIAL Congo Mogadishu Manado HALMAHERA Tarawa GUINEA KENYA GALÁPAGOS ISLANDS Kampala [INDONESIA] SÃO TOMÉ AND PRINCIPE SINGAPORE [] Kisangani Equator São Tomé Libreville CONGO Kisumu Equator 0° Tana 0° Quito Lake Karimata NEW GUINEA Black Port-Gentil Nairobi the 180 meridian of longitude, Yaren Napo RWANDA Victoria ° BORNEO Strait Putumayo DEMOCRATIC Guayaquil Ogooué Kigali Palenbang Belém REPUBLIC Barito NAURU ECUADOR Amazon GABON Brazzaville OF THE CONGO Fortaleza Bujumbura Mwanza SEYCHELLES Banjarmasin Kinshasa Mombasa Pointe-Noire BURUNDI Victoria Java Sea Ujung Pandang CABINDA PROVINCE Kananga Lake Dodoma Jakarta PAPUA Madeira [ANGOLA] dividing the Earth in two at Marañón Tanganyika Banda Sea NEW GUINEA Dar es Salaam Surabaya TUVALU Ucayali Recife ASCENSION ISLAND INDONESIA SOLOMON ISLANDS Trujillo [UNITED KINGDOM] UNITED REPUBLIC Dili Funafuti TIMOR-LESTE Luanda Lualaba OF TANZANIA JAVA BRAZIL Port Moresby Honiara Abuna M 10 the Greenwich prime meridian. Lubumbashi A ° 10° Indian Arafura Sea COMOROS L Ruvuma River Indian Salvador Ocean Lima A Moroni Darwin SAMOA PERU Guaporé Ocean Lobito W COCOS ISLANDS I Lake [AUSTRALIA] Malawi T imor Sea Cuzco Kitwe Lilongwe Gulf BOLIVIA Brasilia Apia Lusaka Nampula of Carpentaria Lake SAINT HELENA ANGOLA The date line is necessary to Paraguay [UNITED KINGDOM] Zambe Coral Sea La Paz zi Mozambique Betsiboka VANUATU MOOREA FRENCH Titicaca Blantyre FIJI ISLAND Santa Cruz ZAMBIA Channel Port-Vila Vanuatu TAHITI MADAGASCAR Bello Horizonte Harare Sucre Suva NEW CALEDONIA Iquique Campo Grande ZIMBABWE Beira prevent the continuous [FRANCE] TONGA TRINDADE ISLAND NAMIBIA Bulawayo Antananarivo Port Louis MAURITIUS Nuku’alofa [BRAZIL] NEW CALEDONIA LOYALTY ISLANDS MOZAMBIQUE Ocean Paraná Rio de Janeiro Fianarantsoa RÉUNION Ocean 20° 20° Windhoek BOTSWANA [FRANCE] Saint-Denis Scale Nouméa PARAGUAY AUSTRALIA Pilcomayo Walvis Bay accumulation or loss of days Concepción Sao Paulo Limpopo Asunción [SOUTH AFRICA] Tropic of Capricorn SAN AMBROSIO ISLAND Gaborone Tropic of Capricorn EASTER ISLAND [] Pretoria [CHILE] Keetmanshoop Johannesburg Maputo Salado as people travel around Brisbane CHILE Posadas Soweto Mbabane Paraná Porto Alegre • Maps are made to scale. In each WashableOrange Bloemfontein SWAZILAND Córdoba Vaal Uruguay K ISLAND Maseru Paysandú [CHILE] Santiago Write on! Durban SOUTH the planet. Darling ALEJANDROW SELKIRK ISLAND riteMontevideo on! LESOTHO [CHILE] Buenos Aires AFRICA case, the scale represents the ratio 30° Perth 30° Sydney URUGUAY NORTH ISLAND Cape Town Great Australian Concepción ARGENTINA TRISTAN DA CUNHA Bight Canberra Colorado Adelaide [UNITED KINGDOM] Murray Tasman Sea Bahía Blanca between a distance on the map Auckland Melbourne GOUGH ISLAND [UNITED KINGDOM] NEW ZEALAND and the actual distance on the Bass Strait Wellington TASMANIA AMSTERDAM ISLAND CHATHAM ISLANDS Wipe off! [FRANCE] E[NEW ZEALAND] Christchurch Wipe off! Hobart ground. A small-scale map portrays

40° SOUTH ISLAND 40° PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND [SOUTH AFRICA] BOUNTY ISLANDS CROZET ISLANDS STEWART ISLAND [NEW ZEALAND] a large area and a large-scale one [FRANCE] [NEW ZEALAND] FALKLAND ISLANDS [UNITED KINGDOM] Stanley ANTIPODES ISLANDS Rio Gallegos AUCKLAND ISLANDS [NEW ZEALAND] [NEW ZEALAND] Strait of Magellan LEGEND TIERRA DEL FUEGO portrays a small area of the Earth. SOUTH GEORGIA CAMPBELL ISLANDS Ushuaia [UNITED KINGDOM] National Capital [NEW ZEALAND] Cape Horn BOUVET ISLAND MACQUARIE ISLAND [NORWAY] KERGUELEN ISLANDS Map scales help us to measure City [AUSTRALIA] [FRANCE] Station of Research and Observation Scotia Sea scale at the equator: 1 / 35 000 000 HEARD ISLAND AND the distance and area of real world Island Drake Passage SOUTH SANDWICH ISLANDS MCDONALD ISLANDS 50° [UNITED KINGDOM] [AUSTRALIA] 50° North Magnetic Pole

International date line 0 1 750 3 500 5 250 7 000 km objects, as well as the distance International Border JOINVILLE ISLAND TRINITY ISLAND [UNITED KINGDOM] Esperanza River [ARGENTINA] Antarctic ANTARTICA between these objects represented Van der Grinten projection PUBLISHER’S NOTE ANVERS ISLAND NAMES OF COUNTRIES, TOPONYMS AND HYDRONYMS Sunday [ANTARTICA] idian We have retained the familiar designations recommended by the Cartography section of the information Department of the United Nations. Monday The names of some countries are written in the short form. Ocean Marguerite Bay Weddell Sea Base map derived from map MCR-46 © 2000. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada with the permission of Energy, Mines and Resources Canada. on the map. Antarctic Circle Antarctic Circle Greenwich Mer

90° 100° 110 ° 120° 130° 140° 150° 160° 170° 180° 170° 160° 150° 140° 130° 120° 110 ° 100° 90° 80° 70° 60° 50° 40° 30° 20° 10° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80°

POLITICAL AND TERRITORIAL EVOLUTION ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL EVOLUTION OF CANADA CANADA TODAY OUTLINE MAPS PEDAGOGICAL CONSULTANT: Pierre Bail Distributed by KINESIS EDUCATION OF CANADA 29 THE BIRTH AND GROWTH 30a CANADA 38 CANADA CANADA AND ITS HISTORY selected features of political geography GEOGRAPHER / CARTOGRAPHER: Denis Dion, Mourad Djaballah 23 THE CONSTITUTIONAL ACT OF 1791 OF CANADIAN RAILWAYS: 1836-1923 39 NORTH AMERICA CANADA 25 THE ACT OF UNION: 1840 45 THE EXPANSION OF THE FUR TRADE 50 48 THE WORLD www.ebbp.ca COMPUTER GRAPHICS SPECIALISTS: Francisca Martinez Galvez, Valérie Tardif CANADA AND ITS GEOGRAPHY INTO THE CANADIAN WEST: 1730-1857 selected features of physical geography 26 CONFEDERATION IN THE BEGINNING: Van der Grinten projection 1 866 750-9466 1867-1873 RESEARCHERS: Pierre Bail, Denis Dion, Éric Fontaine We acknowledge the nancial support of the CANADA AND THE WORLD ONTARIO TODAY CANADA AND ITS ECONOMY 400 9288 Canada Book Fund — CBF, for our publishing activities. CONFEDERATION FROM 1874 TO 1896 Designed and produced in Quebec, Canada. 27 51 NORTH AMERICA 56 ONTARIO The Legend:a series Clear, of thematic maps PROOFREADING: Pierre Covo, Catalina GutiérrezThe Van© 2015 JULES CHÂTELAINder PUBLISHING COMPANY Grinten INC. 28 CONFEDERATION FROM 1897 TO 1927 selected features of political geography selected features of physical and political geography ISBN 978-2-89157-186-9 30 CANADA TODAY 64 THE WORLD / Van der Grinten projection EDITORIAL ASSISTANT AND PRODUCTION MANAGER: Francine Plante Legal deposit: 3rd quarter 2015, Bibliothèque nationale du Québec, Canada selected features of political geography selected features of political geography Photoengraving and Printing: Positif Graphique Concise and Complete EXECUTIVE PUBLISHER: Paul Beullac / Jules Châtelain Publishing Company Lamination: Promag Projection

• The easy-to-read legend reveals • Created by Alphons J. van der Grinten in 1898, this projection is used for the wealth of information contained world maps. A curved modi cation of the Mercator projection, it presents in the map at a glance. the world as a circle. The scale is true along the Equator only and increases rapidly away from the Equator. Area distortion is extreme near the poles. K E www.ebbp.ca We acknowledge the nancial support of the government of Canada, for our publishing activities. For comments and enquiries: Phone: 514 932-1881 1 866 750-9466 To order : Fax: 514 932-5929 1 866 988-5929 700 Beaumont Avenue PHONE: 514 273-9186 or 1 800 361-0378 Email: [email protected] Montreal, Quebec H3N 1V5 FAX: 514 273-8627