DOCSLIB.ORG

Table of Contents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Table of Contents Contents Publisher’s Note . xi Contributors . xiii Keyword List of Contents . xvii List of Maps and Tables . xxxiii Maps of the Ancient World . xxxvii 25,000 - 10,001 b.c.e. c. 25,000 b.c.e., San Peoples Create Earliest African Art . 1 c. 18,000-c. 11,000 b.c.e., Bering Strait Migrations . 3 c. 16,000-c. 3000 b.c.e., BaTwa Peoples Thrive in Central Africa. 6 c. 15,500 b.c.e., Early Australians Create the Bradshaw Rock Paintings . 9 c. 15,000 b.c.e., Early Europeans Create Lascaux Cave Paintings . 11 c. 13,000 b.c.e., Humans Enter the South American Continent . 13 c. 13,000-c. 7000 b.c.e., Paleo-Indian Culture Flourishes in North America. 15 10,000 - 5001 b.c.e. c. 10,000-c. 300 b.c.e., Jfmon Culture Thrives in Japan . 17 c. 10,000 b.c.e.-c. 1 c.e., Saharan Peoples Create Rock Art . 20 c. 9500-c. 9000 b.c.e., Clovis Culture Rises in New Mexico . 22 c. 9500-c. 5000 b.c.e., Settlement Established at Abu Hureyra in Syria . 24 c. 9000-c. 8000 b.c.e., Cochise Culture Thrives in American Southwest . 26 c. 9000-c. 7000 b.c.e., Nilo-Saharan Peoples Produce Food and Pottery. 28 c. 8800-c. 8500 b.c.e., Folsom People Flourish in New Mexico . 30 c. 8000 b.c.e., Permanent Settlement of the Andean Altiplano Begins . 32 c. 8000-c. 4000 b.c.e., Plano Culture Flourishes in Great Plains Area . 34 c. 8000-c. 1000 b.c.e., Archaic Indians Adapt to Warmer Climates . 35 c. 7700-c. 1000 b.c.e., Native Cultures Flourish on the North Pacific Coast . 38 c. 7500 b.c.e., Birth of Shintf . 40 c. 7500 b.c.e., East Asian Grain Cultivation Begins . 42 c. 7200 b.c.e., Kennewick Man Lives in North America . .44 c. 7000-c. 6000 b.c.e., Khoisan Peoples Disperse Throughout Southern Africa . 46 c. 7000-c. 4900 b.c.e., Çatalhüyük Flourishes as Center of Anatolian Culture. 48 c. 6800-c. 4900 b.c.e., Kitoi People Live Near Lake Baikal in Siberia . 50 c. 6500-c. 5000 b.c.e., Nilo-Saharan Farmers Spread Cultivation and Herding . 51 c. 6200-c. 3800 b.c.e., Ubaid Culture Thrives in Mesopotamia . 53 c. 6000-c. 5000 b.c.e., Niger-Congo Religion Takes Hold Across West Africa . 56 c. 6000-c. 1500 b.c.e., Yangshao and Longshan Cultures Flourish in China . 58 c. 6000-c. 1000 b.c.e., Omotics Advance Farming Practices in Horn of Africa . 60 c. 5800-c. 3700 b.c.e., Chinchorro Inhabit the Peruvian and Chilean Coasts . 63 c. 5500-c. 4500 b.c.e., Halafian Culture Flourishes in Northern Mesopotamia . 65 c. 5500-c. 4500 b.c.e., Niger-Congo Peoples Spread Agriculture in Africa . 67 v The Ancient World 5000 - 3001 b.c.e. c. 5000 b.c.e., Aleutian Coastal Hunters Flourish . 69 c. 5000-c. 3000 b.c.e., Kelteminar Culture Flourishes in Central Asia . 71 c. 5000 b.c.e.-c. 1 c.e., Red Paint Culture Flourishes in Eastern North America. 72 c. 4000 b.c.e., Horse Is Domesticated. 74 c. 4000 b.c.e., Sumerian Civilization Begins in Mesopotamia . 76 c. 4000-c. 1000 b.c.e., Old Copper Complex Flourishes in North America . 79 c. 4000 b.c.e.-c. 100 c.e., Ban Chiang Culture Flourishes in Thailand. 80 c. 3800 b.c.e., Cities and Civic Institutions Are Invented in Mesopotamia. 82 c. 3500 b.c.e., Indus Valley Civilization Begins in South Asia . 84 c. 3300-c. 1500 b.c.e., Valdivia Culture Forms Villages in Coastal Ecuador . 87 c. 3100 b.c.e., Sumerians Invent Writing . 89 c. 3100-c. 1550 b.c.e., Building of Stonehenge. 91 c. 3050 b.c.e., Unification of Lower and Upper Egypt . 94 3000 - 2001 b.c.e. c. 3000 b.c.e., Australian Aborigines Create Wandjina Cave Paintings . 96 c. 3000 b.c.e., Canaanites Inhabit the Levant . 97 c. 3000-c. 500 b.c.e., Elamite Empire Rises in Near East . 99 2953-2838 b.c.e. traditionally, Reign of China’s Legendary First Ruler, Fu Xi. 102 c. 2900-c. 2340 b.c.e., Early Dynastic Period Flourishes in Southern Mesopotamia . 104 c. 2700-c. 1400 b.c.e., Gash Civilization Thrives in Africa . 107 c. 2687 b.c.e., Old Kingdom Period Begins in Egypt . 109 c. 2682 b.c.e., Legendary Founding of China by Huangdi . 112 c. 2600 b.c.e., Leizu Discovers Silk Making . 114 c. 2575-c. 2566 b.c.e., Building of the Great Pyramid . 116 c. 2500 b.c.e., Construction of Monumental Architecture at Caral in Peru . 119 2500-1900 b.c.e., Wawat Chiefdom Flourishes in Lower Nubia . 121 c. 2500-c. 1500 b.c.e., Southeast Asians Migrate into the South Pacific . 124 c. 2340 b.c.e., Sumerian Uruk-Agina Makes Social and Political Reforms. 126 c. 2334-c. 2279 b.c.e., Sargon of Akkad Establishes the Akkadian Dynasty . 128 c. 2333 b.c.e., Old Choso©n State Founded in Korea . 130 c. 2300 b.c.e., Enheduanna Becomes First Named Author . 132 c. 2300-c. 2000 b.c.e., First Great Expansion of Berber Peoples Across North Africa . 134 c. 2300-c. 1800 b.c.e., Beaker People Live in Western Europe . 136 c. 2200-1500 b.c.e., Kerma Kingdom Develops and Dominates Lower Nubia . 138 c. 2160 b.c.e., First Intermediate Period Begins in Egypt . 141 c. 2112 b.c.e., Ur-Nammu Establishes a Code of Law . 144 c. 2100 b.c.e., Xia Dynasty Marks Start of Historical China . 145 c. 2100-c. 600 b.c.e., Mogollon Culture Rises in American Southwest. 147 c. 2055 b.c.e., Middle Kingdom Period Begins in Egypt . 149 2000 - 1501 b.c.e. c. 2000 b.c.e., Composition of the Gilgamesh Epic . 152 c. 2000 b.c.e., Mon-Khmer Migrate into Southeast Asia . 154 vi Contents c. 2000 b.c.e., Mongols Inhabit Steppes North of China . 157 c. 1900-1527? b.c.e., Kerma Kingdom Rules Nubia . 159 c. 1900-c. 1400 b.c.e., Early Villages Form in Oaxaca . 161 c. 1800-c. 1500 b.c.e., Construction of El Paraíso in Peru . 163 c. 1800-c. 700 b.c.e., Poverty Point Culture Builds Earthworks . 165 c. 1770 b.c.e., Promulgation of Hammurabi’s Code. 168 1750-800 b.c.e., Andronovo Culture Rises in Central Asia . 171 c. 1650 b.c.e., Hyksos Create Second Intermediate Period . 173 1650-1620 b.c.e., Hattusilis I Establishes the Old Hittite Kingdom. 175 c. 1600 b.c.e., Shang Dynasty Develops Writing and Bronzework . 178 c. 1600-c. 1500 b.c.e., Flowering of Minoan Civilization . 180 c. 1600-c. 1300 b.c.e., Mitanni Kingdom Flourishes in Upper Mesopotamia. 183 c. 1600-c. 1000 b.c.e., City of Mycenae Flourishes . 185 c. 1570 b.c.e., New Kingdom Period Begins in Egypt . 189 c. 1530 b.c.e., Mixtec Civilization Develops in Western Oaxaca . 191 1500 - 1001 b.c.e. From c. 1500 b.c.e., Dissemination of the Book of the Dead . 194 1500-1100 b.c.e., Compilation of the Vedas. 197 c. 1500-c. 1000 b.c.e., Aryans Appear in India.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Political Thought of Darius the Great (522- 486 B.C.), the Legislator of Achaemenid Empire (A Study Based on Achaemenid Inscriptions in Old Persian)
    International Journal of Political Science ISSN: 2228-6217 Vol.3, No.6, Spring 2013, (pp.51-65) The Political Thought of Darius the Great (522- 486 B.C.), the Legislator of Achaemenid Empire (A Study Based on Achaemenid Inscriptions in Old Persian) Awat Abbasi* Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies Received: 5 Dec 2012 ; Accepted: 11 Feb 2013 Abstract: Darius offered the political order of “king of kings” to solve the political crisis of his era. He legitimized it based on an order of gods. In his belief, the nature of politics was based on a dualis- tic religious worldview that is the fight between true divinity and false divinity’s will and perfor- mance in the world. In addition, the chief true divinity’s law was introduced as the principle order in the world and eternal happiness in true divinity’s house. Therefore, it was considered as the pattern of political order following which was propagandized as the way to reach happiness in this world and salvation in next life. To protect this law, the chief true divinity bestowed the political power to the ruler. Therefore, what should be the political order and who should be the ruler, is justified in the context of the definitions of human, world, happiness and salvation. The sovereignty of the ruler and, therefore, the domination of the chief true divinity’s laws in politics were considered as justice. This definition of justice denied liberty and promoted absolutism. In justifying the ruler’s absolute power, even his laws and commands were considered as the dominant norms over the politics.
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans Papers
    Guide to the Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans papers Tyler Stump and Adam Fielding Funding for the processing of this collection was provided by the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund. December 2015 National Anthropological Archives Museum Support Center 4210 Silver Hill Road Suitland, Maryland 20746 [email protected] http://www.anthropology.si.edu/naa/ Table of Contents Collection Overview ........................................................................................................ 1 Administrative Information .............................................................................................. 1 Biographical / Historical.................................................................................................... 2 Scope and Contents........................................................................................................ 5 Arrangement..................................................................................................................... 5 Bibliography...................................................................................................................... 6 Names and Subjects ...................................................................................................... 6 Container Listing ............................................................................................................. 8 Series 1: Personal, 1893-2012................................................................................. 8 Series 2: Writings, 1944-2011...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Peoples of the Bronze Age Mediterranean C.1400 BC–1000 BC
    Sea Peoples of the Bronze Age Mediterranean c.1400 BC–1000 BC RAFFAELE D’AMATO ILLUSTRATED BY GIUSEPPE RAVA & ANDREA SALIMBETI© Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com &MJUFt Sea Peoples of the Bronze Age Mediterranean c.1400 BC–1000 BC ANDREA SALIMBETI ILLUSTRATED BY GIUSEPPE RAVA & RAFFAELE D’AMATO Series editor Martin Windrow © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 CHRONOLOGY 6 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND & SOURCES 7 5IFXBSTPG3BNFTTFT** .FSOFQUBIBOE3BNFTTFT*** 0UIFSTPVSDFT IDENTIFICATION OF GROUPS 12 Sherden Peleset 5KFLLFS %FOZFO 4IFLFMFTI &LXFTI Teresh ,BSLJTB-VLLB 8FTIFTI .FSDFOBSZTFSWJDF 1JSBDZ CLOTHING & EQUIPMENT 31 $MPUIJOH %FGFOTJWFFRVJQNFOUIFMNFUToTIJFMEToCPEZBSNPVST 8FBQPOTTQFBSTBOEKBWFMJOToTXPSET EBHHFSTBOENBDFT̓ MILITARY ORGANIZATION 39 $PNQPTJUJPOPGUIFIPTUEFQJDUFEJOUIF.FEJOFU)BCVSFMJFGT Leadership TACTICS 44 8BSDIBSJPUT 4JFHFXBSGBSF /BWBMXBSGBSFBOETFBCPSOFSBJET ‘THE WAR OF THE EIGHTH YEAR’, 1191 OR 1184 BC 49 5IFJOWBTJPO The land battle The sea battle "GUFSNBUI BIBLIOGRAPHY 61 INDEX 64 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com SEA PEOPLES OF THE BRONZE AGE MEDITERRANEAN c.1400 BC–1000 BC INTRODUCTION The term ‘Sea Peoples’ is given today to various seaborne raiders and invaders from a loose confederation of clans who troubled the Aegean, the Near East and Egypt during the final period of the Bronze Age in the second half of the "QSJTPOFSDBQUVSFECZUIF 2nd millennium BC. &HZQUJBOT QPTTJCMZB1FMFTFU XBSSJPS XFBSJOHBUZQJDBM Though the Egyptians presumably knew the homelands
    [Show full text]
  • Early Horse Bridle with Cheekpieces As a Marker of Social Change: an Experimental and Statistical Study T
    Journal of Archaeological Science 97 (2018) 125–136 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jas Early horse bridle with cheekpieces as a marker of social change: An experimental and statistical study T ∗ Igor V. Chechushkova, , Andrei V. Epimakhovb,c, Andrei G. Bersenevd a Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, 3302 WWPH, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA b Research Educational Centre for Eurasian Research, South Ural State University, Lenina av., 76, Chelyabinsk, 454000, Russia c Institute of History and Archaeology of the Ural Branch of RAS, Kovalevskaya st., 16, Ekaterinburg, 620990, Russia d Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for Chelyabinsk Region, 3rd International st., 116, Chelyabinsk, 454000, Russia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: The morphological similarities/dissimilarities between antler and bone-made cheekpieces have been employed Cheekpieces in several studies to construct a relative chronology for Bronze Age Eurasia. Believed to constitute a part of the Chariot horse bit, the cheekpieces appear in ritual contexts everywhere from the Mycenaean Shaft Graves to the Bronze Bronze age Age kurgan cemeteries in Siberia. However, these general understandings of the function and morphological Experimental archaeology changes of cheekpieces have never been rigorously tested. This paper presents statistical analyses (e.g., simi- Use-wear larities, multidimensional scaling, and cluster analysis) that document differences in cheekpiece morphology, comparing shield-like, plate-formed, and rod-shaped types in the context of temporal change and spatial var- iation. We investigated changes in function over time through the use of experimental replicas used in bridling horses.
    [Show full text]
  • The Sea Peoples the Creators of History: a Study of Influence
    Fig. 2:1. Interpreting the research presentations of the ‘Sea Peoples’. (Illustrator: Stina Larsson, author). The Sea Peoples The Creators of History: a Study of Influence Stina Larsson Stina Larsson Vt 2015 Examensarbete, 30 hp Arkeologiprogrammet, 180 hp Stina Larsson Vt 2015 Examensarbete, 30 hp Arkeologiprogrammet, 180 hp Contents Contents ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Aim and Problems ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Aim .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 Problems ................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Questions .............................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • ¬Small Kingdoms and Mighty Empires of the Near East
    Small Kingdoms and Mighty Empires of the Near East: Chapter 2 I. Decline of Great Kingdom’s: Hittite’s and Egyptian’s. A. Migrations occurred throughout region, a natural phenomenon, with reasons ranging from: i. Poverty: ii. New Land: Hyskos iii. Random raids: Sea Peoples iv. Harsh political rule: Hebrews B. Migration produced different results: i. Assimilation: ii. Destruction of civilizations: Egypt II. Egypt: a Shattered Kingdom. A. Sea Peoples damaged Egypt in 13th century, didn’t destroy empire but brought its golden age to an end. Results: i. Political fragmentation ii. Dark age: Third Intermediate or Final Decline iii. Foreign affair decline: Egyptian loss of power B. Rash of new kingdoms in region had little or no regard for the legacy that was Egypt at that time. C. Invasion by neighbors: Libyans ruled independent dynasties in the delta of Egypt from 950‐730 BCE. Ruled by Libyan pharaohs! Built cities and created an urban culture that Egypt was not familiar with. Adopted many Egyptian traits. D. Nubian expansion occurred in South. Not a destructive influence. Nubians very similar to Egyptians as they had admired and adopted Egyptian culture. E. Kush: a kingdom of Ancient Africa that arose in the Sudan with a capital at Nepata. The Kushites like the Libyans and Nubians worshipped and behaved much like Egyptians. The cultures were highly comparable. i. In the 8th century BCE Kushian king Pianky swept through the entire Nile valley and united Egypt. This unification did not restore the luster of the old empirical ways however. Egypt returned to a certain level of strength but was no longer the big kid on the block as their civilization had to compete with the Greeks (Minoans/Myceneans), and the other Near East kingdoms.
    [Show full text]
  • INDO-EUROPEAN COMMUNICATIONS: the MODEL of “NOMADIC HOMELAND” Victor A
    Periódico do Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Gênero e Direito Centro de Ciências Jurídicas - Universidade Federal da Paraíba V. 9 - Nº 04 - Ano 2020 ISSN | 2179-7137 | http://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/ged/index 427 INDO-EUROPEAN COMMUNICATIONS: THE MODEL OF “NOMADIC HOMELAND” Victor A. Novozhenov1 Elina K. Altynbekova2 Aibek Zh. Sydykov3 Abstract: The authors of the article (Europe and Ural-Kazakh steppes) by studied the origin of Indo-European two main ways (north and south) through tribes in the light of ancient Margiana and Transcaucasia. communications and the spread of the tribes according to wheeled transport Keywords: steppeland culture, relics in the steppe zone of Eastern migrations, wheeled transport, cattle- Eurasia. The authors considered some breeding, tin-mettallurgy, clan- modern theories related to Indo- leadership. European (IE) and Indo-Iranian (IIr) origin, defined IE innovations that 1. Introduction. marked the territories as possible Recently, in connection with homelands for IEs, and localized them the publication of the new paleogenetic on the map and. The authors used the results [Allentoft et al, 2015; Haak et al., method of mapping and analysing of IE 2015; Lazaridis et al, 2014; 2017; innovations for localization of possible Damgaard et al, 2018a; 2018b; Goldberg homeland teritories of IE on the maps et al, 2017], there is sharp increase in the and substantiate the polycentric model of interest of Russian-speaking scholars to the ancestral homeland of IE as model of the problems of IE culture and origin “nomadic homeland”. According to this [http://генофонд.рф/?page_id=3949 model, the IE homeland was localized in Novozhenov, 2015e; Klejn et al, the steppe-lands of Eurasian continent, 2017:71-15].
    [Show full text]
  • African Origins of International Law: Myth Or Reality? Jeremy I
    Florida A&M University College of Law Scholarly Commons @ FAMU Law Journal Publications Faculty Works 2015 African Origins of International Law: Myth or Reality? Jeremy I. Levitt Florida A&M University College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.law.famu.edu/faculty-research Part of the African History Commons, International Law Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Jeremy I. Levitt, African Origins of International Law: Myth or Reality? 19 UCLA J. Int'l L. Foreign Aff. 113 (2015) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Works at Scholarly Commons @ FAMU Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons @ FAMU Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE AFRICAN ORIGINS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW: MYTH OR REALITY? Jeremy 1. Levitt.* ABSTRACT This Article reconsiders the prevalent ahistorical assumption that international law began with the Treaty of Westphalia. It gathers together considerable historical evidence to conclude that the ancient world, particularly the New Kingdom period in Egypt or Kemet from 1570-1070 BeE, deployed all three of what today we would call sources of international law. African states predating the modern European nation state by nearly 6000 years engaged in treaty relations (the Treaty of Kadesh), and applied rules ofcustom (the MA 'AT) andgeneral principles of law (as enumerated in the Egyptian Bill ofRights). While Egyptologists and a few international lawyers have acknowledged these facts, scholarly * Jeremy 1. Levitt, J.D., Ph.D., is Vice-Chancellor's Chair and former Dean, University of New Brunswick Law School.
    [Show full text]
  • The Study of Artistic Aspects of Darius Relief in Bisotun Majid Yazdanpanah Department of Arts and Sciences Technical and Vocational Universities, I .R of Iran
    39971 Majid Yazdanpanah/ Elixir Social Studies 94 (2016) 39971-39974 Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Social Studies Elixir Social Studies 94 (2016) 39971-39974 The study of artistic aspects of Darius relief in Bisotun Majid Yazdanpanah Department of Arts and Sciences Technical and Vocational universities, I .R of Iran. ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: This article first examines the artistic aspects of Darius in the Bisotun relief. The purpose Received: 9 February 2016; of this paper is to analyze the artistic aspects of Darius relief beyond the historical Received in revised form: documentation to show the art that world is causing this important relief to the world. 29 April 2016; The method of this article is library documents, which means the necessary information Accepted: 2 May 2016; is collected and then precisely will be analyzed. The result shows that the world's first read inscription, Bisotun inscription, is one of the world's most valuable inscriptions that Keywords can be seen in its straw Anobanini embossed effect which both of them have been Art, affected by the Assyrian Naram Sin inscriptions. This inscription gives full information Relief, to the world, which makes it's worth a hundredfold. Darius, © 2016 Elixir All rights reserved. Bisotun. Introduction Achaemenid took advantages of the achievements of architects As we know, art is the artistic reflections of social- and construction actors, art experts and craftsmen of Babylon, political, religious and cultural developments in each era. Assyria, Urartu, Egypt and Greece plentifully, but the Throughout history, significant changes and even fast indigenous traditions and accumulated experience of the past movement occurred in Iranian art, but the art of Iran has was not forgotten in these areas too.( Pakbaz, Roein.
    [Show full text]
  • "The Greeks in the History of the Black Sea" Report
    DGIV/EDU/HIST (2000) 01 Activities for the Development and Consolidation of Democratic Stability (ADACS) Meeting of Experts on "The Greeks in the History of the Black Sea" Thessaloniki, Greece, 2-4December 1999 Report Strasbourg Meeting of Experts on "The Greeks in the History of the Black Sea" Thessaloniki, Greece, 2-4December 1999 Report The opinions expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy of the Council of Europe. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 5 Introductory remarks by James WIMBERLEY, Head of the Technical Cooperation and Assistance Section, Directorate of Education and Higher Education.................................................................................................................... 6 PRESENTATIONS -Dr Zofia Halina ARCHIBALD........................................................................11 -Dr Emmanuele CURTI ....................................................................................14 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Dr Constantinos CHATZOPOULOS..........................................................................17 APPENDIX I LIST OF PARTICIPANTS.........................................................................................21 APPENDIX II PROGRAMME OF THE SEMINAR.........................................................................26 APPENDIX III INTRODUCTORY PRESENTATION BY PROFESSOR ARTEMIS XANTHOPOULOU-KYRIAKOU.............................................................................30
    [Show full text]
  • 150506-Woudhuizen Bw.Ps, Page 1-168 @ Normalize ( Microsoft
    The Ethnicity of the Sea Peoples 1 2 THE ETHNICITY OF THE SEA PEOPLES DE ETNICITEIT VAN DE ZEEVOLKEN Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam op gezag van de rector magnificus Prof.dr. S.W.J. Lamberts en volgens besluit van het College voor Promoties. De openbare verdediging zal plaatsvinden op vrijdag 28 april 2006 om 13.30 uur door Frederik Christiaan Woudhuizen geboren te Zutphen 3 Promotiecommissie Promotor: Prof.dr. W.M.J. van Binsbergen Overige leden: Prof.dr. R.F. Docter Prof.dr. J. de Mul Prof.dr. J. de Roos 4 To my parents “Dieser Befund legt somit die Auffassung nahe, daß zumindest für den Kern der ‘Seevölker’-Bewegung des 14.-12. Jh. v. Chr. mit Krieger-Stammesgruppen von ausgeprägter ethnischer Identität – und nicht lediglich mit einem diffus fluktuierenden Piratentum – zu rechnen ist.” (Lehmann 1985: 58) 5 CONTENTS Preface ................................................................................................................................................................................9 Note on the Transcription, especially of Proper Names....................................................................................................11 List of Figures...................................................................................................................................................................12 List of Tables ....................................................................................................................................................................13
    [Show full text]
  • Oi.Uchicago.Edu
    oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu / - , / \ I, C:.'- '-, .TEHERAN ~ I R A N 'AMUQ ASSYRIAN SITES (!) _ ~ITES 0 CHATAl HUYUK BAVIAN · KHOSR CANAL TELL AL-JUOAIDAH JERWAN TEl l OHAHAS KHORSABAD ~ TELL KURDU 1m lA' YINAl @ DIYALA SITES IRAt' ~ERSEPOLIS COASTAL SITES o ~:'::F~~H TEll SIMIRIYAN TEll AGRAB TEll TABSAT AL-HAMMAM TELL ASMAR ® PERSEPOLIS AREA SITES ISTAKHR NAQSH-I-RUSTAM PERSEPOLIS l ALL +BAKUN FERTILE CRESCENT ///////\ * 0 ORIENTAL INSTITUTE EXPEDITIONS oi.uchicago.edu T ~ E ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF TI-IE UNIVERSITY OF CI-IICAGO HANDBOOK AND MUSEUM GUIDE FRONT COVER, IR ANIAN GUARDIAN BULL FROM TH~ PORTICO OF X~RX~S' HUNDRtD· COLUMN HALL AT P~RS~POLIS . BACK COVER , HUMAN·H~ADtD BULL, ON~ OF A PAIR TOPPING A COLUM N OF TH~ TRIPYLON AT P~RS~POLIS . ON TH~IR JOINED BACK S TH ~ Y SUPPORTtD AN ARCHITRAV~ . oi.uchicago.edu THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE A MODER),v" CRlJSADE * * * THE INSTITUTE'S CAREER TO THE PRESENT l' D,\\\"I\ on ~1ay 5. 1920. a caravan of five horse-drawn wagons X sl()\dy passed through the ruined gateway of the ancient Ruman fortress of Dura on the Euphrates and out into the wastes of the North Syrian desert. From the top of the foremost wagon fluttCl'ed the stars and stripes of the United States. and in that wagon ruck fi\"( ' ;\meri­ can ci t izens, ')'hese men \\'CI,(, abou t to cross a no man's land from terri tor\' where order was maintained bv a British military cxpedition intu the recently established ,\rab state whose administratiun King Faisal was at­ tempting tu ~;('t up in Damascus, The lucal sheikhs \\TIT the sonwwhat 1111(,(Ttain sourc('s of authority among loosely federated ,\rab tribes of the desert regions, Symbolic indeed \\'as the departure of this modern \\'agon train from ancient Dllra.
    [Show full text]