DOCSLIB.ORG

Schedule Clxxi - Seychelles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Schedule Clxxi - Seychelles SCHEDULE CLXXI - SEYCHELLES Page 3 G/MA/TAR/RS/654 SCHEDULE CLXXI - SEYCHELLES This schedule is authentic only in the English language PART I - MOST-FAVOURED-NATION TARIFF SECTION I – AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS SECTION I–A - TARIFFS Tariff item no. Ex Description of products Base rate of duty Bound rate of duty Implementation Special Initial Other duties Earlier legal Other (HS 2017) period safeguard negotiating and charges instruments terms and conditions Ad val. Other Ad val. Other From To right (%) (%) (%) 1 2 3.A 3.B 4.A 4.B 5.A 5.B 6 7 8 9 10 0805 Citrus fruit, fresh or dried. 0805.10.00 - Oranges 25 0 SYC/15 0805.2 - Mandarins (including tangerines and satsumas); clementines, wilkings and similar citrus hybrids : 0805.21.00 - - Mandarins (including tangerines and satsumas) 25 0 SYC/15 0805.22.00 - - Clementines 25 0 SYC/15 0805.29.00 - - Other 25 0 SYC/15 0805.40.00 - Grapefruit, including pomelos 25 0 SYC/15 0805.50.00 - Lemons (Citrus limon, Citrus limonum) and 25 0 SYC/15 limes (Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus latifolia) 0805.90.00 - Other 25 0 SYC/15 1211 Plants and parts of plants (including seeds and fruits), of a kind used primarily in perfumery, in pharmacy or for insecticidal, fungicidal or similar purposes, fresh, chilled, frozen or dried, whether or not cut, crushed or powdered. 1211.20 - Ginseng roots 1211.20.10 - - Chilled or frozen 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 1211.20.90 - - Other 0 0 SYC/15 1211.30 - Coca leaf 1211.30.10 - - Chilled or frozen 0 0 SYC/15 1211.30.90 - - Other 10 0 SYC/15 HS 2017 CHANGES - SCHEDULE CLXXI - SEYCHELLES - PART I - SECTION I-A Page 4 G/MA/TAR/RS/654 Tariff item no. Ex Description of products Base rate of duty Bound rate of duty Implementation Special Initial Other duties Earlier legal Other (HS 2017) period safeguard negotiating and charges instruments terms and conditions Ad val. Other Ad val. Other From To right (%) (%) (%) 1 2 3.A 3.B 4.A 4.B 5.A 5.B 6 7 8 9 10 1211.40 - Poppy straw 1211.40.10 - - Chilled or frozen 0 0 SYC/15 1211.40.90 - - Other 10 0 SYC/15 1211.50.00 - Ephedra 0 0 SYC/15 1211.90 - Other 1211.90.10 - - Edible parts of plants 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 1211.90.90 - - Other 0 0 SYC/15 1302 Vegetable saps and extracts; pectic substances, pectinates and pectates; agar-agar and other mucilages and thickeners, whether or not modified, derived from vegetable products. 1302.1 - Vegetable saps and extracts : 1302.11.00 - - Opium 0 0 SYC/15 1302.12.00 - - Of liquorice 0 0 SYC/15 1302.13.00 - - Of hops 0 0 SYC/15 1302.14.00 - - Of ephedra 0 0 SYC/15 1302.19.00 - - Other 0 0 SYC/15 1302.20.00 - Pectic substances, pectinates and pectates 0 0 SYC/15 1302.3 - Mucilages and thickeners, whether or not modified, derived from vegetable products : 1302.31.00 - - Agar-agar 0 0 SYC/15 1302.32.00 - - Mucilages and thickeners, whether or not 00 SYC/15 modified, derived from locust beans, locust bean seeds or guar seeds 1302.39.00 - - Other 0 0 SYC/15 1404 Vegetable products not elsewhere specified or included. 1404.20.00 - Cotton linters 10 0 SYC/15 1404.90 - Other 1404.90.10 - - Vegetable materials of a kind used primarily as 25 0 SYC/15 stuffing or as padding (for example, kapok, vegetable hair and eel-grass), whether or not put up as a layer with or without supporting material. HS 2017 CHANGES - SCHEDULE CLXXI - SEYCHELLES - PART I - SECTION I-A Page 5 G/MA/TAR/RS/654 Tariff item no. Ex Description of products Base rate of duty Bound rate of duty Implementation Special Initial Other duties Earlier legal Other (HS 2017) period safeguard negotiating and charges instruments terms and conditions Ad val. Other Ad val. Other From To right (%) (%) (%) 1 2 3.A 3.B 4.A 4.B 5.A 5.B 6 7 8 9 10 1404.90.90 - - Other 0 0 SYC/15 2008 Fruit, nuts and other edible parts of plants, otherwise prepared or preserved, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or spirit, not elsewhere specified or included. 2008.1 - Nuts, ground-nuts and other seeds, whether or not mixed together : 2008.11.00 - - Ground-nuts 25US 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 2008.19.00 - - Other, including mixtures 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 2008.20.00 - Pineapples 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 2008.30.00 - Citrus fruit 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 2008.40.00 - Pears 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 2008.50.00 - Apricots 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 2008.60.00 - Cherries 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 2008.70.00 - Peaches, including nectarines 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 2008.80.00 - Strawberries 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 2008.9 - Other, including mixtures other than those of subheading 2008.19 : 2008.91.00 - - Palm hearts 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 2008.93.00 - - Cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon, 25 0 SYC/15, Vaccinium oxycoccos, Vaccinium vitis-idaea) WT/Let/1298 2008.97.00 - - Mixtures 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 2008.99.00 - - Other 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 HS 2017 CHANGES - SCHEDULE CLXXI - SEYCHELLES - PART I - SECTION I-A Page 6 G/MA/TAR/RS/654 Tariff item no. Ex Description of products Base rate of duty Bound rate of duty Implementation Special Initial Other duties Earlier legal Other (HS 2017) period safeguard negotiating and charges instruments terms and conditions Ad val. Other Ad val. Other From To right (%) (%) (%) 1 2 3.A 3.B 4.A 4.B 5.A 5.B 6 7 8 9 10 2202 Waters, including mineral waters and aerated waters, containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or flavoured, and other non- alcoholic beverages, not including fruit or vegetable juices of heading 20.09. 2202.10.00 - Waters, including mineral waters and aerated 50US 0 SYC/15 waters, containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or flavoured 2202.9 - Other : 2202.91.00 - - Non-alcoholic beer 50US 0 SYC/15 2202.99.00 - - Other 50US 0 SYC/15 2204 Wine of fresh grapes, including fortified wines; grape must other than that of heading 20.09. 2204.10.00 - Sparkling wine 25US 0 SYC/15 2204.2 - Other wine; grape must with fermentation prevented or arrested by the addition of alcohol : 2204.21.00 - - In containers holding 2 l or less 25US 0 SYC/15 2204.22.00 - - In containers holding more than 2 l but not 25US 0 SYC/15 more than 10 l 2204.29.00 - - Other 25US 0 SYC/15 2204.30.00 - Other grape must 25US 0 SYC/15 3824 Prepared binders for foundry moulds or cores; chemical products and preparations of the chemical or allied industries (including those consisting of mixtures of natural products), not elsewhere specified or included. 3824.60.00 - Sorbitol other than that of subheading 2905.44 0 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 HS 2017 CHANGES - SCHEDULE CLXXI - SEYCHELLES - PART I - SECTION I-A Page 7 G/MA/TAR/RS/654 SCHEDULE CLXXI - SEYCHELLES This schedule is authentic only in the English language PART I - MOST-FAVOURED-NATION TARIFF SECTION II – OTHER PRODUCTS Tariff item no. Ex Description of products Base rate of duty Bound rate of duty Implementation Initial Other duties Earlier legal Other terms (HS 2017) period negotiating and charges instruments and right (%) conditions Ad val. Other Ad val. Other From To (%) (%) 1 2 3.A 3.B 4.A 4.B 5.A 5.B 6 7 8 9 0301 Live fish. 0301.1 - Ornamental fish : 0301.11.00 - - Freshwater 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 0301.19.00 - - Other 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 0301.9 - Other live fish : 0301.91.00 - - Trout (Salmo trutta, Oncorhynchus mykiss, 25 0 SYC/15, Oncorhynchus clarki, Oncorhynchus aguabonita, WT/Let/1298 Oncorhynchus gilae, Oncorhynchus apache and Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) 0301.92.00 - - Eels (Anguilla spp.) 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 0301.93.00 - - Carp (Cyprinus spp., Carassius spp., 25 0 SYC/15, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, Hypophthalmichthys WT/Let/1298 spp., Cirrhinus spp., Mylopharyngodon piceus, Catla catla, Labeo spp., Osteochilus hasselti, Leptobarbus hoeveni, Megalobrama spp.) 0301.94.00 - - Atlantic and Pacific bluefin tunas (Thunnus 25 0 SYC/15, thynnus, Thunnus orientalis) WT/Let/1298 0301.95.00 - - Southern bluefin tunas (Thunnus maccoyii) 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 0301.99.00 - - Other 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 HS 2017 CHANGES - SCHEDULE CLXXI - SEYCHELLES - PART I - SECTION II Page 8 G/MA/TAR/RS/654 Tariff item no. Ex Description of products Base rate of duty Bound rate of duty Implementation Initial Other duties Earlier legal Other terms (HS 2017) period negotiating and charges instruments and right (%) conditions Ad val. Other Ad val. Other From To (%) (%) 1 2 3.A 3.B 4.A 4.B 5.A 5.B 6 7 8 9 0302 Fish, fresh or chilled, excluding fish fillets and other fish meat of heading 03.04. 0302.1 - Salmonidae, excluding edible fish offal of subheadings 0302.91 to 0302.99 : 0302.11.00 - - Trout (Salmo trutta, Oncorhynchus mykiss, 25 0 SYC/15, Oncorhynchus clarki, Oncorhynchus aguabonita, WT/Let/1298 Oncorhynchus gilae, Oncorhynchus apache and Oncorhynchus chrysogaster) 0302.13.00 - - Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka, 25 0 SYC/15, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, Oncorhynchus keta, WT/Let/1298 Oncorhynchus tschawytscha, Oncorhynchus kisutch, Oncorhynchus masou and Oncorhynchus rhodurus) 0302.14.00 - - Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and Danube 25 0 SYC/15, salmon (Hucho hucho) WT/Let/1298 0302.19.00 - - Other 100 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 0302.2 - Flat fish (Pleuronectidae, Bothidae, Cynoglossidae, Soleidae, Scophthalmidae and Citharidae), excluding edible fish offal of subheadings 0302.91 to 0302.99 : 0302.21.00 - - Halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, 25 0 SYC/15, Hippoglossus hippoglossus, Hippoglossus WT/Let/1298 stenolepis) 0302.22.00 - - Plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 0302.23.00 - - Sole (Solea spp.) 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 0302.24.00 - - Turbots (Psetta maxima) 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 0302.29.00 - - Other 25 0 SYC/15, WT/Let/1298 0302.3 - Tunas (of the genus Thunnus), skipjack or stripe- bellied bonito (Euthynnus (Katsuwonus) pelamis), excluding edible fish offal of subheadings 0302.91 to 0302.99 : 0302.31.00 - - Albacore or longfinned tunas (Thunnus 25 0 SYC/15, alalunga) WT/Let/1298 HS 2017 CHANGES - SCHEDULE CLXXI - SEYCHELLES - PART I - SECTION II Page 9 G/MA/TAR/RS/654 Tariff item no.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Notes on the Correct Taxonomic Status of Haliotis Rugosa
    Zootaxa 3646 (2): 189–193 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3646.2.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EC2E6CDF-39A7-4392-9586-81F9ABD1EB39 Notes on the correct taxonomic status of Haliotis rugosa Lamarck, 1822, and Haliotis pustulata Reeve, 1846, with description of a new subspecies from Rodrigues Island, Mascarene Islands, Indian Ocean (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda: Haliotidae) BUZZ OWEN P.O. Box 601, Gualala, CA 95445. USA. E-mail: [email protected] Haliotis rugosa Lamarck, 1822, and H. pustulata Reeve, 1846, have long been a source of confusion. Herbert (1990) suggested the synonymy of the two and designated the lectotype and type locality of H. rugosa. Examination of several hundred shells of each of the two taxa has demonstrated that the H. rugosa morphology is found only on Mauritius and Reunion, while the H. pustulata morph occurs at Madagascar and the east coast of Africa, from approximately Park Rynie, South Africa, to the Red Sea and east to Yemen. No specimens from the latter localities resemble H. rugosa; however, a very small number of specimens from Mauritius have an intermediate morphology between the two taxa. The two species-level taxa are here considered as subspecies of each other. They show some overlapping shell morphology, but are geographically isolated. Abbreviations of Collections: BOC: Buzz Owen Collection, Gualala, California, USA; SBMNH: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, USA; RKC: Robert Kershaw Collection, Narooma, NSW, Australia; NGC: Norbert Göbl Collection, Gerasdorf near Vienna, Austria; HDC: Henk Dekker Collection, Winkel, The Netherlands; FFC: Franck Frydman Collection, Paris, France; MAC: Marc Alexandre Collection, Souvret, Belgium.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracking Larval, Newly Settled, and Juvenile Red Abalone (Haliotis Rufescens ) Recruitment in Northern California
    Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 35, No. 3, 601–609, 2016. TRACKING LARVAL, NEWLY SETTLED, AND JUVENILE RED ABALONE (HALIOTIS RUFESCENS ) RECRUITMENT IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA LAURA ROGERS-BENNETT,1,2* RICHARD F. DONDANVILLE,1 CYNTHIA A. CATTON,2 CHRISTINA I. JUHASZ,2 TOYOMITSU HORII3 AND MASAMI HAMAGUCHI4 1Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, PO Box 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923; 2California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bodega Bay, CA 94923; 3Stock Enhancement and Aquaculture Division, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA 3-27-5 Shinhamacho, Shiogama, Miyagi, 985-000, Japan; 4National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Agency of Japan 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan ABSTRACT Recruitment is a central question in both ecology and fisheries biology. Little is known however about early life history stages, such as the larval and newly settled stages of marine invertebrates. No one has captured wild larval or newly settled red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) in California even though this species supports a recreational fishery. A sampling program has been developed to capture larval (290 mm), newly settled (290–2,000 mm), and juvenile (2–20 mm) red abalone in northern California from 2007 to 2015. Plankton nets were used to capture larval abalone using depth integrated tows in nearshore rocky habitats. Newly settled abalone were collected on cobbles covered in crustose coralline algae. Larval and newly settled abalone were identified to species using shell morphology confirmed with genetic techniques using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism with two restriction enzymes. Artificial reefs were constructed of cinder blocks and sampled each year for the presence of juvenile red abalone.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Large Body Size in Abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and Implications
    Paleobiology, 31(4), 2005, pp. 591±606 Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): patterns and implications James A. Estes, David R. Lindberg, and Charlie Wray Abstract.ÐKelps and other ¯eshy macroalgaeÐdominant reef-inhabiting organisms in cool seasÐ may have radiated extensively following late Cenozoic polar cooling, thus triggering a chain of evolutionary change in the trophic ecology of nearshore temperate ecosystems. We explore this hypothesis through an analysis of body size in the abalones (Gastropoda; Haliotidae), a widely distributed group in modern oceans that displays a broad range of body sizes and contains fossil representatives from the late Cretaceous (60±75 Ma). Geographic analysis of maximum shell length in living abalones showed that small-bodied species, while most common in the Tropics, have a cosmopolitan distribution, whereas large-bodied species occur exclusively in cold-water ecosys- tems dominated by kelps and other macroalgae. The phylogeography of body size evolution in extant abalones was assessed by constructing a molecular phylogeny in a mix of large and small species obtained from different regions of the world. This analysis demonstrates that small body size is the plesiomorphic state and largeness has likely arisen at least twice. Finally, we compiled data on shell length from the fossil record to determine how (slowly or suddenly) and when large body size arose in the abalones. These data indicate that large body size appears suddenly at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Our ®ndings support the view that ¯eshy-algal dominated ecosys- tems radiated rapidly in the coastal oceans with the onset of the most recent glacial age.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancement of Red Abalone Haliotis Rufescens Stocks at San Miguel Island: Reassessing a Success Story
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 202: 303–308, 2000 Published August 28 Mar Ecol Prog Ser NOTE Enhancement of red abalone Haliotis rufescens stocks at San Miguel Island: reassessing a success story Ronald S. Burton1,*, Mia J. Tegner 2 1Marine Biology Research Division and 2 Marine Life Research Group, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0202, USA ABSTRACT: Outplanting of hatchery-reared juvenile abalone quences of such practices? How can the success of has received much attention as a strategy for enhancement of costly outplants be assessed? Such questions point to depleted natural stocks. Most outplants attempted to date conflicting needs regarding the genetic composition of appear to have been unsuccessful. However, based on genetic analyses of a population sample taken in 1992, it has outplanted organisms. Where large numbers of organ- recently been suggested that a 1979 outplanting of red isms are artificially released into a depleted popula- abalone Haliotis rufescens, on the south side of San Miguel tion, substantial changes in the genetic composition of Island (California, USA), was successful and probably sus- natural populations may occur (e.g., Tringali & Bert tained the fishery there through the 1980s. We resampled the San Miguel population in 1999 and found no genetic signa- 1998, Utter 1998). A variety of scenarios suggest that ture of the outplants. Allelic frequencies in our 1999 sample wholesale changes in genetic composition of natural closely resemble those observed in a pre-outplant 1979 south- populations may be undesirable at best and potentially ern California sample and two 1999 northern California pop- disastrous.
    [Show full text]
  • Training Workshop on the Taxonomy of Marine Molluscs Mauritius, October 2017
    Training workshop on the taxonomy of marine molluscs Mauritius, October 2017 Introduction IOC Biodiversity and MOI organized a regional workshop in Mauritius in October 2017 for 4 days. The main objective of the workshop were (i) to train regional marine biologists to the taxonomy of molluscs, (ii) to build capacities in the description and identification of molluscs, (iii) to assess the mollusc biodiversity and its evolution in tropical marine ecosystems. Figure 1: Le Bouchon sampling site Material and Methods About 20 participants attended the workshop with about half of them from Mauritius and the others from Madagascar, Comoros, Kenya and Tanzania. The workshop was led by an Australian expert. The workshop followed these 3 steps: - Day 1: Formal classroom training about taxonomy, molluscs and shells features. Generals information slide about molluscs were projected. - Day 2: Field sampling in Mauritius at Le Bouchon (South-east coast). The sampling was performed in various biotopes provided at the location: beach, rocky shore, mangrove and lagoon. Lagoon itself provided various environments (live coral, rubbles, sand, grass, silt). Some samplers were on foot and other snorkelling. The only method used was hand picking of shells during one hour. Shells were either dead (empty or crabbed) or alive with limitation of 1 specimen per species. The objective of the sampling was not quantitative but qualitative. The shells have been washed and put to dry in the lab after the field collection. - Day 3-4: Analysis of the samples sorted and numbered by kind and appearance. Participants had to write a description of as many species as they could in group of 2-3.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth Inhibition of Red Abalone (Haliotis Rufescens) Infested with an Endolithic Sponge (Cliona Sp.)
    GROWTH INHIBITION OF RED ABALONE (HALIOTIS RUFESCENS) INFESTED WITH AN ENDOLITHIC SPONGE (CLIONA SP.) By Kirby Gonzalo Morejohn A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In Natural Resources: Biology May, 2012 GROWTH INHIBITION OF RED ABALONE (HALIOTIS RUFESCENS) INFESTED WITH AN ENDOLITHIC SPONGE (CLIONA SP.) HUMBOLDT STATE UNIVERSITY By Kirby Gonzalo Morejohn We certify that we have read this study and that it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully acceptable, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Sean Craig, Major Professor Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Tim Mulligan, Committee Member Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Frank Shaughnessy, Committee Member Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Laura Rogers-Bennett, Committee Member Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Michael Mesler, Graduate Coordinator Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Jená Burges, Vice Provost Date ii ABSTRACT Understanding the effects of biotic and abiotic pressures on commercially important marine species is crucial to their successful management. The red abalone (Haliotis rufescensis) is a commercially
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Cucumber Trade from Africa to Asia
    September 2020 A RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE SEA CUCUMBER TRADE FROM AFRICA TO ASIA Simone Louw Markus Bűrgener SEA CUCUMBER TRADE DYNAMICS FROM AFRICA TO ASIA 1 SHORT REPORT TRAFFIC is a leading non-governmental organisation working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Reproduction of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. AuthorS Simone Louw Markus Bűrgener PROJECT Supervisor Camilla Floros Published by: TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dried sea cucumbers destined for export, confiscated by the South African Postal Service in 2016 SUGGESTED CITATION Louw, S., Bűrgener, M., (2020). A Rapid Assessment of the Sea Cucumber trade from Africa to Asia. © TRAFFIC 2020. Copyright of material published in this report is vested in TRAFFIC. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ISBN: 978-1-911646-27-3 UK Registered Charity No. 1076722 The authors thank Camilla Floros, Glenn Sant, Nicola Okes, David Newton, Julie Thomson, Martin Andimile, Linah Clifford, Design Thomasina Oldfield, and Stephanie Pendry for their valued inputs Marcus Cornthwaite and helpful review of this document. The study was undertaken through the ReTTA (Reducing Trade Threats to Africa’s wild species and ecosystems) project, which is funded by Arcadia—a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Abalones, Haliotidae
    3 Abalones, Haliotidae Red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, clinging to a boulder. Photo credit: D Stein, CDFW. History of the Fishery The nearshore waters of California are home to seven species of abalone, five of which have historically supported commercial or recreational fisheries: red abalone (Haliotis rufescens), pink abalone (H. corrugata), green abalone (H. fulgens), black abalone (H. cracherodii), and white abalone (H. sorenseni). Pinto abalone (H. kamtschatkana) and flat abalone (H. walallensis) occur in numbers too low to support fishing. Dating back to the early 1900s, central and southern California supported commercial fisheries for red, pink, green, black, and white abalone, with red abalone dominating the landings from 1916 through 1943. Landings increased rapidly beginning in the 1940s and began a steady decline in the late 1960s which continued until the 1997 moratorium on all abalone fishing south of San Francisco (Figure 3-1). Fishing depleted the stocks by species and area, with sea otter predation in central California, withering syndrome and pollution adding to the decline. Serial depletion of species (sequential decline in landings) was initially masked in the combined landings data, which suggested a stable fishery until the late 1960s. In fact, declining pink abalone landings were replaced by landings of red abalone and then green abalone, which were then supplemented with white abalone and black abalone landings before the eventual decline of the abalone species complex. Low population numbers and disease triggered the closure of the commercial black abalone fishery in 1993 and was followed by closures of the commercial pink, green, and white abalone fisheries in 1996.
    [Show full text]
  • Karyotype of Pacific Red Abalone Haliotis Rufescens (Archaeogastropoda: Haliotidae) Using Image Analysis
    Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 23, No. 1, 205–209, 2004. KARYOTYPE OF PACIFIC RED ABALONE HALIOTIS RUFESCENS (ARCHAEOGASTROPODA: HALIOTIDAE) USING IMAGE ANALYSIS CRISTIAN GALLARDO-ESCÁRATE,1,2 JOSUÉ ÁLVAREZ-BORREGO,2,* MIGUEL ÁNGEL DEL RÍO PORTILLA,1 AND VITALY KOBER3 1Departamento de Acuicultura. División de Oceanología, 2Departamento de Óptica, 3Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, División de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada. Km 107 Carretera Tijuana – Ensenada, Código Postal 22860. Ensenada, B.C. México ABSTRACT This report describes a karyotypic analysis in the Pacific red abalone Haliotis rufescens using image analysis. This is the first karyotype reported for this species. Chromosome number and karyotype are the basic information of a genome and important for ploidy manipulation, genomic analysis, and our understanding about chromosomal evolution. In this study we found that the diploid number of chromosomes in the red abalone was 36. Using image analysis by rank-order and digital morphologic filters, it was possible to determine total length of chromosomes and relative arm length in digitally enhanced image, elimination of noise and improving the contrast for the measurements. The karyotype consisted of eight pairs of metacentric chromosomes, eight pairs of submetacentric, one pair submetacentric/metacentric, and one pair of subtelocentric chromosomes. The black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii, also with 36 chromosomes and with a similar geographic distribution, has eight pairs of metacentric, eight pairs of submetacentric, and two pairs subtelocentric. This study contributes with new information about the karyology in the family Haliotidae found in California Coast waters and gives some support the Thetys’ model about biogeographical origin, from the Mediterranean Sea to the East Pacific Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • Haliotis Sorenseni)
    HISTORIC GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE ENDANGERED WHITE ABALONE (HALIOTIS SORENSENI) A Thesis Presented to the Division of Science and Environmental Policy California State University Monterey Bay In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree Master of Science in Marine Science by Heather L. Hawk December 2010 Copyright © 2010 Heather L. Hawk All Rights Reserved CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY MONTEREY BAY The Undersigned Faculty Committee Approves the Thesis of Heather L. Hawk: HISTORIC GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE ENDANGERED WHITE ABALONE (HALIOTIS SORENSENI) _____________________________________________ Jonathan Geller, Chair Moss Landing Marine Laboratories _____________________________________________ Michael Graham Moss Landing Marine Laboratories _____________________________________________ Ronald Burton SCRIPPS Institution of Oceanography _____________________________________________ Marsha Moroh, Dean College of Science, Media Arts, and Technology ______________________________ Approval Date ABSTRACT HISTORIC GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE ENDANGERED WHITE ABALONE (HALIOTIS SORENSENI) by Heather L. Hawk Master of Science in Marine Science California State University Monterey Bay, 2010 In the 1970’s, white abalone populations in California suffered catastrophic declines due to over-fishing, and the species has been listed under the Endangered Species Act since 2001. Genetic diversity of a modern population of white abalone was estimated to be significantly lower than similar Haliotis species, but the effect of the recent fishery crash on the species throughout its range was unknown. In this investigation, DNA was extracted from 39 historic and 27 recent dry abalone shells from California, and 18 historic dry shells from Baja California, Mexico. The DNA from the shells was of sufficient quality for the reproducible amplification of 580 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene and 219 bp of the nuclear Histone H3 gene.
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance and Persistence of Abalone (Haliotis Spp.) Along the California
    The Importance and Persistence of Abalone (Haliotis spp.) along the California Coast Dr. Stevens ENVS 190 Senior Thesis Kalli Fenk Abstract Abalone was once a common sight along the California Coast. Native tribes co-existed with the species for thousands of years. They relied on if for sustenance and they used it for tools, utensils, jewelry, trading, and regalia. In return, they took care of the abalone as if it were one of their own. When colonization devastated Native Californian culture, much of their knowledge disappeared along with the species they cared for. Abalone was highly valuable for its taste and beauty. When commercialization of abalone fisheries began their populations began to decline. Now, they face more obstacles to recovery than ever before. Current abalone stressors include, poaching, low population densities, pollution, and disease. Warming ocean temperatures also subject abalone to sea level rise and ocean acidification. I recommend a combined approach of traditional ecological management and western science be used to provide adaptive management strategies for policy makers and fisheries managers. In preserving these creatures we are inherently preserving cultural heritage and traditions of over 20 tribes in California. Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………………….1 Background………………………………………………………………………..2 Biology………………………………………………………………………3 Ecology……………………………………………………………………....4 Native History and Cultural Significance…………………………………...6 20th Century Population Declines…………………………………………..10 Current
    [Show full text]
  • Transmission of Withering Syndrome in Black Abalone, Haliotis Cracherodii Leach
    W&M ScholarWorks VIMS Articles Virginia Institute of Marine Science 2002 Transmission Of Withering Syndrome In Black Abalone, Haliotis Cracherodii Leach CS Friedman W Biggs Jeffrey D. Shields Virginia Institute of Marine Science RP Hedrick Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles Part of the Marine Biology Commons Recommended Citation Friedman, CS; Biggs, W; Shields, Jeffrey D.; and Hedrick, RP, "Transmission Of Withering Syndrome In Black Abalone, Haliotis Cracherodii Leach" (2002). VIMS Articles. 471. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/vimsarticles/471 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Virginia Institute of Marine Science at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in VIMS Articles by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Journal of Shellfish Research. Vol. 21. No. 2. 8 17-82-1. 2002. TRANS1VUSSION OF WITHERING SYNDROME IN BLACK ABALONE, HAl,lOTIS CRACHERODIILEACH CAROLYN S. FRIEDMAN,1.2·* WENDY BIGGS, 1 JEFFREY D. SHlELDS,3 AND RON,.\LD P. HED1UCK2 'California Depart111e1u of Fish a11d Ganze and 2 Deparllnent of Medicine and £pide111iology. Unil'ersiry of California, Bodega Marine Laboratory. P.O. Box 2-17. Bodega Bay. California 94923: 3 Virgi11ia !11s1i1111e of· Marine Science. 771e College o,f ~Villicun and Mory. Gloucester Point. Virginia 23062 ABSTRACT Wi1henng syndrome (\VS) ha, been associated wHh catastrophic declines in blacls. abalone populauons 1n MJU lhern and central California. In an effon to identify the etiological agent or \¥S anu to character11e the progression of th1:, thscasc, we initiated a transmission study 1n wh ich abalone fron1 Ano Nuevo lsland.
    [Show full text]