DOCSLIB.ORG

From the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Los Angeles County, California LINDSEY T

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
From the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Los Angeles County, California LINDSEY T THE VELIGER The Veliger 50(l):24-26 (March 11, 2008) © CMS, Inc., 2007 Earliest Record of the Genus Haliotis (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) of Los Angeles County, California LINDSEY T. GROVES Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Malacology Section, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007 (e-mail: [email protected]) JOHN M. ALDERSON Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Invertebrate Paleontology Section, Research Associate, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007 (e-mail: [email protected]) Abstract. Cretaceous abalone are extremely rare and are known from only two valid species: Haliotis lomaensis Anderson, 1902, from the Late Cretaceous (latest Campanian/earliest Maastrichtian) of San Diego County, California and H. antillesensis Sohl, 1992, from the Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) of southwestern Puerto Rico. The earliest record of the genus Haliotis is here documented from Late Cretaceous (middle middle to late middle Campanian) strata of the Tuna Canyon Formation, Garapito Creek area of Topanga Canyon, Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County, California. This additional Cretaceous record for Haliotis could possibly indicate a North American origin for the family Haliotidae. INTRODUCTION MATERIAL Cretaceous abalone species are extremely rare, current- A single poorly preserved internal mold with little ly comprising only two valid species (Sohl, 1992; Geiger remaining original or recrystallized shell material, & Groves, 1999; Geiger, 2000). These species include: Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Haliotis lomaensis Anderson, 1902 from the Late Invertebrate Paleontology (LACMIP) hypotype 13237 Cretaceous (latest Campanian/earliest Maastrichtian) (Figs. 1-4) from LACMIP loc. 27110 (ex University of Point Loma Formation, San Diego County, California California, Los Angeles loc. 7110) that measures and H. antillesensis Sohl, 1992 from the Late Creta- 5.9 mm in overall length retains several diagnostic ceous (late Maastrichtian) El Rayo Formation, Sabana features that validate it as a haliotid. Observed features Grande quadrangle, southwest Puerto Rico. Suspect include a flattened "shell" with low spire, wide records of Cretaceous abalone that have been relegated columella, and a row of six tremata toward the left to pleurotomarioidean genera include Haleotis? [m] periphery. Because of such poor preservation we antiqua Binkhorst, 1861 [= Trochus limburgensis hesitate to describe a new species based on this sole Kaunhowen, 1897] from the Maastrichtian near example. Nevertheless, due to the uniqueness of this Maastricht, Limburg Province, the Netherlands, Pleur- specimen from Late Cretaceous (middle middle to late otomaria antiqua (Binkhorst, 1861) of Weinzettl (1910) middle Campanian) strata, it is noteworthy enough to from the Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) near Kor- mention as the earliest known worldwide representative ycany, Czech Republic, and Haliotis cretacea Lundg- of the genus Haliotis. ren, 1894 [= Pleurotomaria sp.?] from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian) near Barnakallegrottan, LOCALITY southeastern Sweden [see Sohl (1992) for additional LACMIP loc. 27110 is on the north side of Garapito details], A poorly preserved specimen identified as Creek just above the 1300 ft. contour line, 900 ft. Haliotis sp. by Dawson (1978) and reported by north, 735 ft. east of SW corner of section 33 Sundberg (1979, 1984) from the Late Cretaceous (projected), TIN, R16W San Vicente y Santa Monica (Maastrichtian) Cabrillo Formation of San Diego Land Grant, northeast of Sylvia Park, United States County, California is actually a specimen of the Geological Survey (USGS) Topanga quadrangle (1976 calyptraeid genus Lysis (L.R. Saul, personal commu- ed.), Santa Monica Mountains, Los Angeles County, nication). California. L. T. Groves & J. M. Alderson, 2007 Page 25 models as follows: 1) An "Indo-Pacific" model, also discussed by Lindberg (1992), indicates that living abalone are most diverse in the central Indo-Pacific, which implied that this was their center of radiation; 2) A "Pacific Rim" model proposed by Talmadge (1963), where abalones originated on an island arc from Japan to northern Australia and radiated to California, southern Australia, and the Indo-Pacific; and 3) A "chromosomal" model where species with a low diploid number (28) live in the eastern Mediterranean Sea and species with higher diploid numbers (32) in the Indo-Pacific and (36) in the North Pacific, abalones dispersed eastward from the Mediterranean. However, Figures 1-4. Haliotis sp., hypotype LACMIP 13237, from because these models do not consider the fossil record LACMIP loc. 27110, 1 = dorsal view (X7.6), 2 = oblique view they could be rejected. Moreover, this confirmation of (X10), 3 = lateral view (X9.3), 4 = columellar view (X10.3). the earliest known haliotid from Late Cretaceous (middle middle to late middle Campanian) strata of STRATIGRAPHY & AGE southern California combined with the fact that The specimen was collected by the junior author on 21 Cretaceous abalones are known exclusively from North December, 1983 from the base of informal "member D" America further strengthens the possibility of a North of Wilson (1941) [= map unit Ktd of Yerkes et al. American origin for the family Haliotidae. Kiel & (1994)] within the Late Cretaceous (late middle to early Bandel (2000) described Temnotropis frydai (Family late Campanian), Metaplacenticeras pacificum ammon- Temnotropidae) from the Late Creatceous (late Cam- ite zone [33N chron] (Elder & Saul, 1996) part of the panian) Valcarga Formation near Torallola, Lerida Tuna Canyon Formation of Yerkes & Campbell (1979) Province, Catalona Region, northeastern Spain and [= Unnamed strata of Dibblee, 1992]. This ammonite speculated that Temnotropis is a likely ancestor of zone was cited as Late Cretaceous (middle middle to Haliotis. Temnotropis has a Haliotis-YikQ shell with a slit late middle Campanian) [C33 chron] by Squires & Saul rather than a row of tremata. With a possible ancestor (2003) and we follow this usage. "Member D" is a in Spain, the haliotids may have originated in the fossiliferous fine-grained sandstone that occurs imme- eastern Atlantic (S. Kiel, personal communication, diately above a thick, cobble conglomerate informally 2007). However, should a haliotid be found in strata designated as "member C" by Wilson (1941) [= map older than middle middle to late middle Campanian a unit Ktc of Yerkes et al. (1994)] and is equivalent to the reevaluation of their origin will be necessary. lowermost part of a fine-grained sandstone reported by Acknowledgments. We express our thanks to our colleagues Popenoe (1954). LACMIP loc. 27110 is within an Richard L. Squires (California State University, Northridge, unusual small lens of "member D" that disappears Geological Sciences), LouElla R. Saul (LACMIP), and Angel along strike within 100 ft. (33 m). Unfortunately, Valdes (LACM Malacology) for reviewing the manuscript and Dibblee (1992) incorrectly mapped this lens of "member adding valuable suggestions. Daniel L. Geiger (Santa Barbara D" as Paleocene Santa Susana Formation as did Yerkes Museum of Natural History) is acknowledged for examining et al. (1994). However, recent field work by the junior the specimen, confirming the identification, and reviewing the manuscript. His unsurpassed knowledge of abalone morphol- author combined with the fauna listed below, correctly ogy and phylogenetics is greatly appreciated. Many thanks to place the locality within the Tuna Canyon Formation. Steffen Kiel (University of Leeds, Leeds, England, UK) for his In addition to the ammonite Metaplacenticeras thoughtful review of the manuscript and valuable insights. pacificum (Smith, 1900), LACMIP 27110 also yielded LouElla R. Saul identified additional mollusks from LACMIP the ammonite Baculites cf. B. inornatus Meek, 1862, the loc. 27110. Special thanks to N. Scott Rugh (San Diego Natural History Museum) for the loan of Dawson's (1978) gastropods Atira sp., Turritella chicoensis pescaderoen- Haliotis sp. Angel Valdes is also thanked for assisting with sis Arnold, 1908, Gyrodes pacificum Popenoe & others, digital photography. Many thanks to Cathy L. Groves 1987, Volutoderma n. sp., and Biplica obliqua (Gabb, (LACM Echinoderms Section) for assistance with digital 1864), and the bivalves Pterotrigonia evansana (Meek, image manipulations. 1858), Glycymeris veatchii (Gabb, 1864), mytilid sp., Ostrea sp., and Calva sp. LITERATURE CITED ANDERSON, F. M. 1902. Cretaceous deposits of the Pacific PALEOBIOGEOGRAPHY Coast. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 3rd ser., Geology 2(1): 1-154, pis. 1-12. Geiger & Groves (1999), Geiger (2000), and Geiger & ARNOLD, R. 1908. Descriptions of new Cretaceous and Poppe (2000) discussed three possible haliotid radiation Tertiary fossils from the Santa Cruz Mountains, Califor- Page 26 The Veliger, Vol. 50, No. 1 nia. Proceedings of the United States National Museum the Cretaceous rocks of Vancouver Island. Transactions 34(1617):345-390, pis. 31-37. of the Albany Institute 4:37^9. BINKHORST, J.-T. 1861. Monographic des Gasteropodes et des MEEK, F. B. 1862. Descriptions of new Cretaceous fossils Cephalopodes de la Craie Superieure du Limbourg. C. collected by the North-Western Boundary Commission, Muquardt: Bruxelles, Belgique. 83 pp, [gastropods] + 44 on Vancouver and Sucia islands. Proceedings of the p. [cephalopods]. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 13:314-318. DAWSON, M. K. 1978. The paleontology
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Notes on the Correct Taxonomic Status of Haliotis Rugosa
    Zootaxa 3646 (2): 189–193 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3646.2.7 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EC2E6CDF-39A7-4392-9586-81F9ABD1EB39 Notes on the correct taxonomic status of Haliotis rugosa Lamarck, 1822, and Haliotis pustulata Reeve, 1846, with description of a new subspecies from Rodrigues Island, Mascarene Islands, Indian Ocean (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda: Haliotidae) BUZZ OWEN P.O. Box 601, Gualala, CA 95445. USA. E-mail: [email protected] Haliotis rugosa Lamarck, 1822, and H. pustulata Reeve, 1846, have long been a source of confusion. Herbert (1990) suggested the synonymy of the two and designated the lectotype and type locality of H. rugosa. Examination of several hundred shells of each of the two taxa has demonstrated that the H. rugosa morphology is found only on Mauritius and Reunion, while the H. pustulata morph occurs at Madagascar and the east coast of Africa, from approximately Park Rynie, South Africa, to the Red Sea and east to Yemen. No specimens from the latter localities resemble H. rugosa; however, a very small number of specimens from Mauritius have an intermediate morphology between the two taxa. The two species-level taxa are here considered as subspecies of each other. They show some overlapping shell morphology, but are geographically isolated. Abbreviations of Collections: BOC: Buzz Owen Collection, Gualala, California, USA; SBMNH: Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, USA; RKC: Robert Kershaw Collection, Narooma, NSW, Australia; NGC: Norbert Göbl Collection, Gerasdorf near Vienna, Austria; HDC: Henk Dekker Collection, Winkel, The Netherlands; FFC: Franck Frydman Collection, Paris, France; MAC: Marc Alexandre Collection, Souvret, Belgium.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracking Larval, Newly Settled, and Juvenile Red Abalone (Haliotis Rufescens ) Recruitment in Northern California
    Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 35, No. 3, 601–609, 2016. TRACKING LARVAL, NEWLY SETTLED, AND JUVENILE RED ABALONE (HALIOTIS RUFESCENS ) RECRUITMENT IN NORTHERN CALIFORNIA LAURA ROGERS-BENNETT,1,2* RICHARD F. DONDANVILLE,1 CYNTHIA A. CATTON,2 CHRISTINA I. JUHASZ,2 TOYOMITSU HORII3 AND MASAMI HAMAGUCHI4 1Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, PO Box 247, Bodega Bay, CA 94923; 2California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bodega Bay, CA 94923; 3Stock Enhancement and Aquaculture Division, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA 3-27-5 Shinhamacho, Shiogama, Miyagi, 985-000, Japan; 4National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Agency of Japan 2-17-5 Maruishi, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452, Japan ABSTRACT Recruitment is a central question in both ecology and fisheries biology. Little is known however about early life history stages, such as the larval and newly settled stages of marine invertebrates. No one has captured wild larval or newly settled red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) in California even though this species supports a recreational fishery. A sampling program has been developed to capture larval (290 mm), newly settled (290–2,000 mm), and juvenile (2–20 mm) red abalone in northern California from 2007 to 2015. Plankton nets were used to capture larval abalone using depth integrated tows in nearshore rocky habitats. Newly settled abalone were collected on cobbles covered in crustose coralline algae. Larval and newly settled abalone were identified to species using shell morphology confirmed with genetic techniques using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism with two restriction enzymes. Artificial reefs were constructed of cinder blocks and sampled each year for the presence of juvenile red abalone.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of Large Body Size in Abalones (Haliotis): Patterns and Implications
    Paleobiology, 31(4), 2005, pp. 591±606 Evolution of large body size in abalones (Haliotis): patterns and implications James A. Estes, David R. Lindberg, and Charlie Wray Abstract.ÐKelps and other ¯eshy macroalgaeÐdominant reef-inhabiting organisms in cool seasÐ may have radiated extensively following late Cenozoic polar cooling, thus triggering a chain of evolutionary change in the trophic ecology of nearshore temperate ecosystems. We explore this hypothesis through an analysis of body size in the abalones (Gastropoda; Haliotidae), a widely distributed group in modern oceans that displays a broad range of body sizes and contains fossil representatives from the late Cretaceous (60±75 Ma). Geographic analysis of maximum shell length in living abalones showed that small-bodied species, while most common in the Tropics, have a cosmopolitan distribution, whereas large-bodied species occur exclusively in cold-water ecosys- tems dominated by kelps and other macroalgae. The phylogeography of body size evolution in extant abalones was assessed by constructing a molecular phylogeny in a mix of large and small species obtained from different regions of the world. This analysis demonstrates that small body size is the plesiomorphic state and largeness has likely arisen at least twice. Finally, we compiled data on shell length from the fossil record to determine how (slowly or suddenly) and when large body size arose in the abalones. These data indicate that large body size appears suddenly at the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Our ®ndings support the view that ¯eshy-algal dominated ecosys- tems radiated rapidly in the coastal oceans with the onset of the most recent glacial age.
    [Show full text]
  • Enhancement of Red Abalone Haliotis Rufescens Stocks at San Miguel Island: Reassessing a Success Story
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 202: 303–308, 2000 Published August 28 Mar Ecol Prog Ser NOTE Enhancement of red abalone Haliotis rufescens stocks at San Miguel Island: reassessing a success story Ronald S. Burton1,*, Mia J. Tegner 2 1Marine Biology Research Division and 2 Marine Life Research Group, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0202, USA ABSTRACT: Outplanting of hatchery-reared juvenile abalone quences of such practices? How can the success of has received much attention as a strategy for enhancement of costly outplants be assessed? Such questions point to depleted natural stocks. Most outplants attempted to date conflicting needs regarding the genetic composition of appear to have been unsuccessful. However, based on genetic analyses of a population sample taken in 1992, it has outplanted organisms. Where large numbers of organ- recently been suggested that a 1979 outplanting of red isms are artificially released into a depleted popula- abalone Haliotis rufescens, on the south side of San Miguel tion, substantial changes in the genetic composition of Island (California, USA), was successful and probably sus- natural populations may occur (e.g., Tringali & Bert tained the fishery there through the 1980s. We resampled the San Miguel population in 1999 and found no genetic signa- 1998, Utter 1998). A variety of scenarios suggest that ture of the outplants. Allelic frequencies in our 1999 sample wholesale changes in genetic composition of natural closely resemble those observed in a pre-outplant 1979 south- populations may be undesirable at best and potentially ern California sample and two 1999 northern California pop- disastrous.
    [Show full text]
  • Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Eocene Rocks at Pulali Point, Jefferson County, Eastern Olympic Peninsula, Washington
    PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF EOCENE ROCKS AT PULALI POINT, JEFFERSON COUNTY, EASTERN OLYMPIC PENINSULA, WASHINGTON by RICHARD L. SQUIRES, JAMES L. GOEDERT, and KEITH L. KALER WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS 31 1992 ., WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF Natural Resources Brian Boyle • Commhstoner of Public Lands An Steo_r0$ - Superv1sor Division ol Geology and Earth Resources Raymond Lcmnanls. State Geologlsl PALEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY OF EOCENE ROCKS AT PULALI POINT, JEFFERSON COUNTY, EASTERN OLYMPIC PENINSULA, WASHINGTON by RICHARD L. SQUIRES, JAMES L. GOEDERT, AND KEITH L. KALER WASHINGTON DIVISION OF GEOLOGY AND EARTH RESOURCES REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS 31 1992 W>.SHING'TON STAT1r OEPARTMDIT or Natural Resources 8ncll) Bov,. · COmmmioner ot Pu!xk: tancb M $i.atni; S\lp$1'WOJ' DtY!llcn 01 Gtology ahCS £artti ~ Raymond l.mlMn.:I ~Geologist Cover: From left, ?Falsifusus marysvillensis; Pachycrommium clarki; large bivalve, Veneri­ cardia hornii s.s.; Delectopecten cf. D. vancouverensis sanjuanensis; Turritella uvasana hendoni. These specimens are shown at 150 percent of the dimensions on Plates 1 and 3. Use of trade, product, or firm names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not consitute endorsement by the Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources. This report is available from: Publications Washington Department of Natural Resources Division of Geology and Earth Resources P.O. Box 47007 Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Price $ 1.85 Tax (Stale residenl.t only) .15 Total $ 2.00 Mail orders must be prepaid; please add $1.00 to each order for postage and handling. Make checks payable to the Department of Natural Resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Training Workshop on the Taxonomy of Marine Molluscs Mauritius, October 2017
    Training workshop on the taxonomy of marine molluscs Mauritius, October 2017 Introduction IOC Biodiversity and MOI organized a regional workshop in Mauritius in October 2017 for 4 days. The main objective of the workshop were (i) to train regional marine biologists to the taxonomy of molluscs, (ii) to build capacities in the description and identification of molluscs, (iii) to assess the mollusc biodiversity and its evolution in tropical marine ecosystems. Figure 1: Le Bouchon sampling site Material and Methods About 20 participants attended the workshop with about half of them from Mauritius and the others from Madagascar, Comoros, Kenya and Tanzania. The workshop was led by an Australian expert. The workshop followed these 3 steps: - Day 1: Formal classroom training about taxonomy, molluscs and shells features. Generals information slide about molluscs were projected. - Day 2: Field sampling in Mauritius at Le Bouchon (South-east coast). The sampling was performed in various biotopes provided at the location: beach, rocky shore, mangrove and lagoon. Lagoon itself provided various environments (live coral, rubbles, sand, grass, silt). Some samplers were on foot and other snorkelling. The only method used was hand picking of shells during one hour. Shells were either dead (empty or crabbed) or alive with limitation of 1 specimen per species. The objective of the sampling was not quantitative but qualitative. The shells have been washed and put to dry in the lab after the field collection. - Day 3-4: Analysis of the samples sorted and numbered by kind and appearance. Participants had to write a description of as many species as they could in group of 2-3.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth Inhibition of Red Abalone (Haliotis Rufescens) Infested with an Endolithic Sponge (Cliona Sp.)
    GROWTH INHIBITION OF RED ABALONE (HALIOTIS RUFESCENS) INFESTED WITH AN ENDOLITHIC SPONGE (CLIONA SP.) By Kirby Gonzalo Morejohn A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science In Natural Resources: Biology May, 2012 GROWTH INHIBITION OF RED ABALONE (HALIOTIS RUFESCENS) INFESTED WITH AN ENDOLITHIC SPONGE (CLIONA SP.) HUMBOLDT STATE UNIVERSITY By Kirby Gonzalo Morejohn We certify that we have read this study and that it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully acceptable, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Science. ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Sean Craig, Major Professor Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Tim Mulligan, Committee Member Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Frank Shaughnessy, Committee Member Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Laura Rogers-Bennett, Committee Member Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Michael Mesler, Graduate Coordinator Date ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Jená Burges, Vice Provost Date ii ABSTRACT Understanding the effects of biotic and abiotic pressures on commercially important marine species is crucial to their successful management. The red abalone (Haliotis rufescensis) is a commercially
    [Show full text]
  • Sea Cucumber Trade from Africa to Asia
    September 2020 A RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE SEA CUCUMBER TRADE FROM AFRICA TO ASIA Simone Louw Markus Bűrgener SEA CUCUMBER TRADE DYNAMICS FROM AFRICA TO ASIA 1 SHORT REPORT TRAFFIC is a leading non-governmental organisation working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Reproduction of material appearing in this report requires written permission from the publisher. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. AuthorS Simone Louw Markus Bűrgener PROJECT Supervisor Camilla Floros Published by: TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Dried sea cucumbers destined for export, confiscated by the South African Postal Service in 2016 SUGGESTED CITATION Louw, S., Bűrgener, M., (2020). A Rapid Assessment of the Sea Cucumber trade from Africa to Asia. © TRAFFIC 2020. Copyright of material published in this report is vested in TRAFFIC. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ISBN: 978-1-911646-27-3 UK Registered Charity No. 1076722 The authors thank Camilla Floros, Glenn Sant, Nicola Okes, David Newton, Julie Thomson, Martin Andimile, Linah Clifford, Design Thomasina Oldfield, and Stephanie Pendry for their valued inputs Marcus Cornthwaite and helpful review of this document. The study was undertaken through the ReTTA (Reducing Trade Threats to Africa’s wild species and ecosystems) project, which is funded by Arcadia—a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
    [Show full text]
  • 3 Abalones, Haliotidae
    3 Abalones, Haliotidae Red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, clinging to a boulder. Photo credit: D Stein, CDFW. History of the Fishery The nearshore waters of California are home to seven species of abalone, five of which have historically supported commercial or recreational fisheries: red abalone (Haliotis rufescens), pink abalone (H. corrugata), green abalone (H. fulgens), black abalone (H. cracherodii), and white abalone (H. sorenseni). Pinto abalone (H. kamtschatkana) and flat abalone (H. walallensis) occur in numbers too low to support fishing. Dating back to the early 1900s, central and southern California supported commercial fisheries for red, pink, green, black, and white abalone, with red abalone dominating the landings from 1916 through 1943. Landings increased rapidly beginning in the 1940s and began a steady decline in the late 1960s which continued until the 1997 moratorium on all abalone fishing south of San Francisco (Figure 3-1). Fishing depleted the stocks by species and area, with sea otter predation in central California, withering syndrome and pollution adding to the decline. Serial depletion of species (sequential decline in landings) was initially masked in the combined landings data, which suggested a stable fishery until the late 1960s. In fact, declining pink abalone landings were replaced by landings of red abalone and then green abalone, which were then supplemented with white abalone and black abalone landings before the eventual decline of the abalone species complex. Low population numbers and disease triggered the closure of the commercial black abalone fishery in 1993 and was followed by closures of the commercial pink, green, and white abalone fisheries in 1996.
    [Show full text]
  • Szabo Janos.Indd
    FRAGMENTA PALAEONTOLOGICA HUNGARICA Volume 34 Budapest, 2017 pp. 9–48 Gastropods of the Lower Jurassic Hierlatz Limestone Formation, part 3. New pleurotomarioideans from the fauna of Hierlatz Alpe (Hallstatt, Austria) János Szabó Department of Palaeontology and Geology, Hungarian Natural History Museum, H-1083 Budapest, Ludovika tér 2, Hungary. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract – Th is paper adds sixteen pleurotomarioidean species to the fauna from the type local- ity area of the Lower Jurassic Hierlatz Limestone Formation (Hallstatt, Austria). Majority of these species are unknown from former publications; only one species has already been recognised from the Bakony Mts (Hungary). Most of the species belong or are related to the genus Pleurotomaria or Laevitomaria but two new genera are also established besides eleven new species: Neorotomaria n. gen., Granulizona n. gen., Pleurotomaria nodulocostulata n. sp., Pleurotomaria wiesberghausensis n. sp., Pleurotomaria nodulocincta n. sp., Pleurotomaria seminodosa n. sp., Pleurotomaria indistincta n. sp., Pleurotomaria nongradata n. sp., Pleurotomaria? homoruspira n. sp., Pleurotomaria? laponya n. sp., Neo- rotomaria obertraunensis n. sp., Neorotomaria subgradata n. sp. and Granulizona mandli n. sp. With 145 fi gures. Key words – Granulizona, Hierlatz Limestone, Jurassic, Laevitomaria, Neorotomaria, Pleurotomaria INTRODUCTION Th is paper is dedicated to those taxa from the unpublished parts of museum collections, which represent the “modern” slit-bearing gastropods in the Early Jurassic faunas of the Hierlatz Alpe. Most of the recognised species are identifi ed as Pleurotomaria Defrance, 1826 (Pleurotomariidae) but several species have so extreme morphology that their assignments to this genus remain uncertain until better material is available; some others need new genera to accommodate them.
    [Show full text]
  • Karyotype of Pacific Red Abalone Haliotis Rufescens (Archaeogastropoda: Haliotidae) Using Image Analysis
    Journal of Shellfish Research, Vol. 23, No. 1, 205–209, 2004. KARYOTYPE OF PACIFIC RED ABALONE HALIOTIS RUFESCENS (ARCHAEOGASTROPODA: HALIOTIDAE) USING IMAGE ANALYSIS CRISTIAN GALLARDO-ESCÁRATE,1,2 JOSUÉ ÁLVAREZ-BORREGO,2,* MIGUEL ÁNGEL DEL RÍO PORTILLA,1 AND VITALY KOBER3 1Departamento de Acuicultura. División de Oceanología, 2Departamento de Óptica, 3Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación, División de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada. Km 107 Carretera Tijuana – Ensenada, Código Postal 22860. Ensenada, B.C. México ABSTRACT This report describes a karyotypic analysis in the Pacific red abalone Haliotis rufescens using image analysis. This is the first karyotype reported for this species. Chromosome number and karyotype are the basic information of a genome and important for ploidy manipulation, genomic analysis, and our understanding about chromosomal evolution. In this study we found that the diploid number of chromosomes in the red abalone was 36. Using image analysis by rank-order and digital morphologic filters, it was possible to determine total length of chromosomes and relative arm length in digitally enhanced image, elimination of noise and improving the contrast for the measurements. The karyotype consisted of eight pairs of metacentric chromosomes, eight pairs of submetacentric, one pair submetacentric/metacentric, and one pair of subtelocentric chromosomes. The black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii, also with 36 chromosomes and with a similar geographic distribution, has eight pairs of metacentric, eight pairs of submetacentric, and two pairs subtelocentric. This study contributes with new information about the karyology in the family Haliotidae found in California Coast waters and gives some support the Thetys’ model about biogeographical origin, from the Mediterranean Sea to the East Pacific Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • Marine Gastropods from the Pogibshi Formation (Alaska) and Their Paleobiogeographical Significance
    Andean Geology 47 (3): 559-576. September, 2020 Andean Geology doi: 10.5027/andgeoV47n3-3278 www.andeangeology.cl Early Jurassic (middle Hettangian) marine gastropods from the Pogibshi Formation (Alaska) and their paleobiogeographical significance *Mariel Ferrari1, Robert B. Blodgett2, Montana S. Hodges3, Christopher L. Hodges3 1 Instituto Patagónico de Geología y Paleontología, IPGP (CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Boulevard Alte. Brown 2915, (9120) Puerto Madryn, Provincia de Chubut, Argentina. [email protected] 2 Blodgett and Associates, LLC, 2821 Kingfisher Drive, Anchorage, Alaska 99502, USA. [email protected] 3 California State University Sacramento, 6000 J Street, Sacramento, California 95819, USA. [email protected]; [email protected] * Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT. A middle Hettangian marine gastropod assemblage is reported from the Kenai Peninsula of south-central Alaska supplying new paleontological evidence of this group in Lower Jurassic rocks of North America. Pleurotomaria pogibshiensis sp. nov. is described from the middle Hettangian marine succession informally known as Pogibshi formation, being the first occurrence of the genus in the Kenai Peninsula and the oldest occurrence of the genus in present-day Alaska and North America. One species of the genus Lithotrochus, namely Lithotrochus humboldtii (von Buch), is also reported for the first time from the Kenai Peninsula. Lithotrochus has been considered as endemic to South America for a time range from the early Sinemurian
    [Show full text]