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Geologic Framework of the Regional Ground-Water Flow System in the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon

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Geologic Framework of the Regional Ground-Water Flow System in the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon Cover photographs: Top: Steelhead Falls on the Deschutes River near Crooked River Ranch, Oregon. Middle: Crooked River Canyon at Crooked River Ranch, Oregon. Bottom: North and Middle Sister with a wheel-line irrigation system in the foreground near Sisters, Oregon. (Photographs by Rodney R. Caldwell, U.S. Geological Survey.) U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Framework of the Regional Ground-Water Flow System in the Upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon By KENNETH E. LITE JR. and MARSHALL W. GANNETT Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4015 Prepared in cooperation with Oregon Water Resources Department; Cities of Bend, Redmond, and Sisters; Deschutes and Jefferson Counties; The Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Portland, Oregon 2002 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES G. GROAT, Director The use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. For additional information: Copies of this report may be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey USGS Information Services 10615 S.E. Cherry Blossom Dr. Box 25286 Portland, OR 97216-3103 Denver, CO 80225-0286 E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Internet: http://or.water.usgs.gov Suggested citation: Lite, K.E., Jr., and Gannett, M.W., 2002, Geologic framework of the regional ground-water flow system in the upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 02–4015, p. 44. CONTENTS Acknowledgments......................................................................................................................................................................vi Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................................................1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................................2 Background .......................................................................................................................................................................2 Purpose and Scope ............................................................................................................................................................2 Study Area Description.....................................................................................................................................................2 Methods.............................................................................................................................................................................4 Geologic Setting........................................................................................................................................................................10 Regional Setting..............................................................................................................................................................10 Depositional History and Mechanisms ...........................................................................................................................11 Stratigraphic Units ....................................................................................................................................................................12 John Day Formation........................................................................................................................................................12 Prineville Basalt ..............................................................................................................................................................12 Deschutes Formation.......................................................................................................................................................12 Deposits of the Cascade Range and Newberry Volcano.................................................................................................13 Quaternary Sedimentary Deposits ..................................................................................................................................13 Tectonic Structures ...................................................................................................................................................................14 Cyrus Springs Fault Zone ...............................................................................................................................................14 Brothers Fault Zone ........................................................................................................................................................14 Sisters Fault Zone............................................................................................................................................................14 Green Ridge ....................................................................................................................................................................18 Walker Rim Fault Zone and Chemult Graben ................................................................................................................19 La Pine and Shukash Grabens.........................................................................................................................................19 Hydrogeology............................................................................................................................................................................19 John Day Formation........................................................................................................................................................19 Prineville Basalt ..............................................................................................................................................................20 Deschutes Formation.......................................................................................................................................................21 Inactive-Margin Facies .........................................................................................................................................22 Arc-Adjacent Alluvial-Plain Facies......................................................................................................................28 Proximal Facies.....................................................................................................................................................29 Ancestral Deschutes River Facies.........................................................................................................................30 Deposits of the Cascade Range and Newberry Volcano.................................................................................................31 Quaternary Sedimentary Deposits ..................................................................................................................................34 Hydrogeologic Units .................................................................................................................................................................39 Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................................41 References Cited .......................................................................................................................................................................42 PLATE [In pocket] 1. Map and cross sections showing the generalized geology of the upper Deschutes Basin and locations of selected wells. FIGURES 1. – 5. Maps showing: 1. Location of the upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon, and major geographic and cultural features ..............................3 2. Location of field-located wells and land ownership in the upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon .................................5 3. Location of wells with drill-cuttings samples.........................................................................................................6 4. Location of geophysically logged wells..................................................................................................................7 5. Location of the Deschutes Basin in relation to the physiographic provinces of Oregon......................................10 6. Diagrammatic section through a volcanic arc and adjacent area showing the relation between volcanic and sedimentary facies ................................................................................................................................................11 iii 7.– 11. Maps showing: 7. Areal distribution of facies within the Deschutes Formation ...............................................................................13 8. Major tectonic structures in the upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon .........................................................................15 9. Geologic units, fault traces, and hydraulic head in wells in the vicinity of the Brothers fault zone, upper Deschutes Basin, Oregon ............................................................................................................................16
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