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THURGOOD MARSHALL JACK GREENBERG 10 Columbus Circle New York 19, New York Attorneys for Petitioner LOUIS H
IN THE 71uprrmtr (21nrl of 11ir littitch tatras OCTOBER TERM, 1960 No. 7 BRUCE BOYNTON, Petitioner, -v.--- COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA, Respondent. ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA BRIEF FOR PETITIONER MARTIN A. MARTIN 118 East Leigh Street Richmond 19, Virginia CLARENCE W. NEWSOME 118 East Leigh Street Richmond 19, Virginia THURGOOD MARSHALL JACK GREENBERG 10 Columbus Circle New York 19, New York Attorneys for Petitioner LOUIS H. POLLAK CONSTANCE BAKER MOTLEY Of Counsel r a n TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Opinions Below -------....-....-------- ------------------- 1 Jurisdiction ------------------------ ------------- 1 Questions Presented ------------------- ------------ 2 Constitutional and Statutory Provisions Involved -.. 2 Statement --- --- .----------------------- ------------- 3 Summary of Argument ------..---------------------- 5 Argument -----------..--.....--- ----------- 6 Introductory ------------- -------------------- 6 The statute involved -- ---------------------- 6 Issues presented by the statute as applied .... 8 I. The decisions below conflict with principles estab- lished by decisions of this Court by denying peti- tioner, a Negro, a meal in the course of a regu- larly scheduled stop at the restaurant terminal of an interstate motor carrier and by convicting him of trespass for seeking nonsegregated dining facilities within the terminal ------..------------- 14 II. Petitioner's criminal conviction which served only to enforce the racial regulation of the bus terminal restaurant conflicts with principles established by decisions of this Court, and there- by violates the Fourteenth Amendment --------- 22 Conclusion --- .--.--...---- 2626---... ii TABLE OF CASES PAGE Barrows v. Jackson, 346 U.S. 249 ------------------- 11 Bibb v. Navajo Freight Lines, 359 U.S. 520 ----------- 15 Bob-Lo Excursion Co. v. Michigan, 333 U.S. 28 21 Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497 --------------------- 21 Boman v. Birmingham Transit Co., No. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott and Freedom Rides 1961
MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT AND FREEDOM RIDES 1961 By: Angelica Narvaez Before the Montgomery Bus Boycott vCharles Hamilton Houston, an African-American lawyer, challenged lynching, segregated public schools, and segregated transportation vIn 1947, the Congress of Racial Equality organized “freedom rides” on interstate buses, but gained it little attention vIn 1953, a bus boycott in Baton Rouge partially integrated city buses vWomen’s Political Council (WPC) v An organization comprised of African-American women led by Jo Ann Robinson v Failed to change bus companies' segregation policies when meeting with city officials Irene Morgan v Commonwealth of Virginia (1946) vVirginia's law allowed bus companies to establish segregated seating in their buses vDuring 1944, Irene Morgan was ordered to sit at the back of a Greyhound Bus v Refused and was arrested v Refused to pay the fine vNAACP lawyers William Hastie and Thurgood Marshall contested the constitutionality of segregated transportation v Claimed that Commerce Clause of Article 1 made it illegal v Relatively new tactic to argue segregation with the commerce clause instead of the 14th Amendment v Did not claim the usual “states rights” argument Irene Morgan v Commonwealth of Virginia (1946) v Supreme Court struck down Virginia's law v Deemed segregation in interstate travel unconstitutional v “Found that Virginia's law clearly interfered with interstate commerce by making it necessary for carriers to establish different rules depending on which state line their vehicles crossed” v Made little -
Abbott Sued Over Mask-Mandate Ban Floydada
2 THURSDAY, AUGUST 19, 2021 | THE FLOYD COUNTY HESPERIAN-BEACON COMMUNITY & COMMENTARY HesperianBeaconOnline.com BACK STAGE 2021 Community Calendar Vol. 125, No. 14 (USPS 202-680) LIZ ADAMS [email protected] COMMUNITY SERVICES Peridodicals postage paid at Floydada, Texas. FOOD BANKS—FLOYDADA—Spirt of Sharing (SOS), 925 Crockett THE FLOYD COUNTY HESPERIAN-BEACON St., Floydada, Mon. and Thurs.. 2–4:30 p.m. (806) 983-5874. is a weekly publication owned, published Shameless LOCKNEY— Lockney Salvation Army, 108 S. Main, Lockney. (806) and printed in West Texas, covering 652-2448. PLEASE CALL FOR HOURS DUE TO COVID-19. Floydada, Lockney, Dougherty, and other At his sold-out show at Arrowhead Stadium now mandates that masks must be worn indoors. communities of Floyd County. last Saturday, Country Music Hall of Famer Anyone who was not vaccinated and went to the All submissions are run at the LOCKNEY PUBLIC LIBRARY, 124 S. Main, Lockney, Mon.–Thurs., 1–5 Garth Brooks and his fully vaccinated tour team concert was automatically under quarantine for discretion of the editors. p.m. and Fri. 9 a.m. –1 p.m. (806) 652-3561. performed for a record-breaking 74,500 fans after 7 to 10 days. And yet, a free and convenient life- POSTMASTER Send address changes to the Kansas City Health Department held a mobile saving vaccine was ignored. They couldn’t even FLOYD COUNTY MEMORIAL LIBRARY, 111 S. Wall St., Floydada, 8 P. O. Box 430, Spur, TX 79370 vaccination clinic in the parking lot. As a teen- give it away. a.m.–5:30 p.m. -
1962 November Engineers News
OPERATING ENGINEERS LOCI( 3 ~63T o ' .. Vol. 21 - No. 11 SANFRA~CISCO, ~AliFORN!~ . ~151 November1 1962 LE ·.·. Know Your . Friends greem~l1t on _And Your Enemies On.T o Trusts ;rwo ·trust instruni.ents for union-management' joint ad· ministration of Novel;llber 6 is Election Pay-,-a day that is fringe benefits negotiated by Operating En. gineers to e very American of voting age, but particularly Local 3 in the last industry agreement were· agreed upon in October. ' · ._. to men:tbers of Ope•rating Engineers Local 3. · The • -/ trust in~truments wen~ for the Operating Engineers · Voting~takirig a perso~al hand in the selection of the · Apprentice & J o urn e y m an ' · . men who w_ill ·make our laws an:d administer them on the . Training Fund and -for Health trust documents, Local 3 Bus. val~ ious levels of gov~minent-is a privilege· our~· aricestors· & Welfare benefits for pensioned Mgr. Al Clem commented: "The - -· fought: for. and thaC we . ~hould trel(lsure. But for most of Engineers. Negotiating Committee's discus- ·the . electorate. it's · simply that, a free man's privilege; not . · Agreement on the two trusts sions with the employers were an obligati_on. · . · . came well in advance_of January cordial and cooperative. We are - For members o{ Local 3, P,owev~r, _ lt's some•thing more 1, WB3, de~dlines which provided gratified that our members will ) han that; it comes cl(!?~r· t.9 b~, ing .<rb!ndiilg obligation. - that if union and employer .nego- be able to ·get the penefit of .· _If you'r~-::~dtpi- 1se f~y ti1i{ 'statement;· it might be in tiators couldn't acrree on either these trusts without delay and or der .::to"'ask:. -
The Freedom Rides of 1961
The Freedom Rides of 1961 “If history were a neighborhood, slavery would be around the corner and the Freedom Rides would be on your doorstep.” ~ Mike Wiley, writer & director of “The Parchman Hour” Overview Throughout 1961, more than 400 engaged Americans rode south together on the “Freedom Rides.” Young and old, male and female, interracial, and from all over the nation, these peaceful activists risked their lives to challenge segregation laws that were being illegally enforced in public transportation throughout the South. In this lesson, students will learn about this critical period of history, studying the 1961 events within the context of the entire Civil Rights Movement. Through a PowerPoint presentation, deep discussion, examination of primary sources, and watching PBS’s documentary, “The Freedom Riders,” students will gain an understanding of the role of citizens in shaping our nation’s democracy. In culmination, students will work on teams to design a Youth Summit that teaches people their age about the Freedom Rides, as well as inspires them to be active, engaged community members today. Grade High School Essential Questions • Who were the key players in the Freedom Rides and how would you describe their actions? • Why do you think the Freedom Rides attracted so many young college students to participate? • What were volunteers risking by participating in the Freedom Rides? • Why did the Freedom Rides employ nonviolent direct action? • What role did the media play in the Freedom Rides? How does media shape our understanding -
Downtown Closures Continue by Tim Gillie STAFF WRITER
FRONT PAGE A1 www.tooeletranscript.com TUESDAY TOOELETRANSCRIPT G-ville Legion pounds out 21 runs ULLETIN See A10 B JulyJuly 20,20, 2010 SERVING TOOELE COUNTY SINCE 1894 VOL. 117 NO. 15 50¢ Downtown closures continue by Tim Gillie STAFF WRITER Three stores have closed on one block of downtown Tooele in recent months, with two other store fronts on the same block unoccupied and now for sale, slowing what appeared to be a revival for downtown. Tooele City officials claim the closings are part of the normal business cycle. The closures provide a reason to search for new stores for downtown, but it’s not a crisis, according to Mayor Patrick Dunlavy. “Of course the city is interested in the health of busi- nesses in the city, but closures happen during good as well as bad economic times,” Dunlavy said. “This is a normal process that has been exacerbated by the current state of the economy. We will continue to look for and encourage more stores to locate downtown.” The Tooele Overstock Store, which opened at 5 N. Main in October 2009, closed in the middle of June. Anything Cute, a non-profit thrift store that supported the New Hope House at 33 N. Main, closed this month and the space is for lease. Sandee Julz, a clothing, accessories and jewelry store located at 19 N. Main Street, has a large for lease sign in their front window and will close July 30, Maegan Burr Carlson Miller Brands employee Nate Seal unloads a truck at Zacatecas Market on the corner of Main and Vine streets in Tooele on Tuesday morning. -
Directory of State and Local Government
DIRECTORY OF STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT Prepared by RESEARCH DIVISION LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL BUREAU 2020 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Please refer to the Alphabetical Index to the Directory of State and Local Government for a complete list of agencies. NEVADA STATE GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONAL CHART ............................................. D-9 CONGRESSIONAL DELEGATION ............................................................................................. D-13 DIRECTORY OF STATE GOVERNMENT CONSTITUTIONAL OFFICERS: Attorney General ........................................................................................................................ D-15 State Controller ........................................................................................................................... D-19 Governor ..................................................................................................................................... D-20 Lieutenant Governor ................................................................................................................... D-27 Secretary of State ........................................................................................................................ D-28 State Treasurer ............................................................................................................................ D-30 EXECUTIVE BOARDS ................................................................................................................. D-31 NEVADA SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION -
Rogers Seeks Open Parties; Udtorevise A&S, Degree
Rogers seeks UDtorevise open parties; A&S, degree policy holds requirements By MIKE AHEARN By CAROLYN PETER Open campus parties will continue The College of Arts and Sciences to be banned, despite efforts by stu Faculty Senate has revised the re dent body President Bruce Rogers to quirements for a bachelor of arts .nuence administrative officials on (B.A.) degree, to be effective the fall tbeissue. of 1982, according to Dr. Peter Rees, Last fall open campus parties were associate dean of the College of Arts aemporarily suspended following an and Sciences. mctdent at the Kappa Alpha (KA) The revisions, drawn up by the fraternity. A fight at an open campus Educational Affairs Committee, wete party at KA resulted in a Maryland passed last May. tlaitor losing sight in one eye. The most significant change is the An ad hoc committee of ad requirement of "skills courses." In llinistrators and students from addition to EllO, students will also be lovember until February, and on required to take a second writing_. llarch 16th, a report was issued course in their junior or senior year. recommending an indefinite suspen Students will also have to take a llon of open campus parties. basic college mathematics course or The university's policy on open demonstrate proficiency determined CIJilPUS parties, currently under by an exam score. ~ew by Rogers, bans all campus The foreign language requirement wide functions sponsored by has also been revised. Currently, four Nlistered stutlent groups where Review Photo by years of language in high school with ~~is served. a grade of "C" or better is required to In a memo dated Sept. -
Finding Aid to the Historymakers ® Video Oral History with Amelia Boynton Robinson
Finding Aid to The HistoryMakers ® Video Oral History with Amelia Boynton Robinson Overview of the Collection Repository: The HistoryMakers®1900 S. Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60616 [email protected] www.thehistorymakers.com Creator: Robinson, Amelia Boynton, 1911- Title: The HistoryMakers® Video Oral History Interview with Amelia Boynton Robinson, Dates: September 4, 2007 Bulk Dates: 2007 Physical 7 Betacame SP videocasettes (3:24:55). Description: Abstract: Civil rights leader Amelia Boynton Robinson (1911 - 2015 ) was one of the civil rights leaders that led the famous first march across the Edmund Pettus Bridge, which became known as Bloody Sunday. She was also the first African American woman ever to seek a seat in Congress from Alabama. Robinson was interviewed by The HistoryMakers® on September 4, 2007, in Tuskegee, Alabama. This collection is comprised of the original video footage of the interview. Identification: A2007_244 Language: The interview and records are in English. Biographical Note by The HistoryMakers® Civil rights pioneer Amelia Boynton Robinson was born on August 18, 1911, in Savannah, Georgia. As a young lady, Robinson became very active in women’s suffrage. In 1934, at the age of twenty-three, Robinson became one of the few registered African American voters. In an era where literacy tests were used to discriminate against African Americans seeking to vote, Robinson used her status as a registered voter to assist other African American applicants to become registered voters. In 1930, while working as a home economics teacher in the rural south, Robinson became re-acquainted with Sam William Boynton, an extension agent for the county whom she had met while studying at Tuskegee Institute. -
HETAG: the Houston Earlier Texas Art Group
HETAG: The Houston Earlier Texas Art Group Newsletter, June 2017 Harry Worthman [On the Gulf Coast] 1973, oil on board At the Shore Here it is summer already and for many of us that means it’s time to head for the shore. It meant that for lots of Earlier Houston Artists too, so June seems like a good time to do an At the Shore issue of the Newsletter. There will be Galveston and other Gulf Coast shores, of course, but our artists did a good job of getting around, so there will be quite a few more exotic shores too. Don’t forget to put on your sunscreen. Emma Richardson Cherry Long Beach [California] c.1922, oil on board; Jack Boynton Beach Formation 1953, oil on canvas. HETAG: The Houston Earlier Texas Art Group Eva McMurrey [At the Lake] c. 1959, oil on board Don’t Mess With Texas Art: Tam Kiehnhoff, HETAG member and collector extraordinaire, has done a terrific podcast on the adventures and joys of collecting Texas art, as part of the series “Collecting Culture.” You can hear it here: Collecting Culture – Episode 6: Don’t Mess With Texas Art HETAG Newsletter online (soon): I’m pleased to announce that back issues of the HETAG Newsletter will soon be available online, thanks to our friends at the Museum of Fine Arts Houston’s Hirsch Library. I’m talking about you, Jon Evans, librarian. In fact, they already are available if you’re on the MFAH campus, but plans are to lift that restriction as soon as some technical issues can be addressed. -
Denver Broncos Weekly Release Packet (At New England, 10/18/20)
DENVER BRONCOS WEEKLY RELEASE 3 World Championships • 8 Super Bowls • 10 AFC Title Games 15 AFC West Titles • 22 Playoff Berths • 29 Winning Seasons Denver Broncos Football Media Relations Staff: Patrick Smyth, Chief Communications Officer Erich Schubert, Sr. Director of Communications & Content REGULAR SEASON Seth Medvin, Sr. Strategic Communications Manager Jordan Beasley, WEEK Communications Graduate Assistant #6 ON THE AIRWAVES: TELEVISION (CBS) Denver Broncos (1-3) Play-by-Play: Kevin Harlan Analyst: Trent Green Sideline: Melanie Collins at New England Patriots (2-2) LOCAL ENGLISH RADIO (KOA - 850 AM/94.1 FM & The Fox - 103.5 FM) Play-by-Play: Dave Logan Analyst: Rick Lewis Sunday, Oct. 18, 2020 • 1 p.m. EDT Gillette Stadium • Foxborough, Mass. SPANISH RADIO (KNRV - 1150 AM) Play-by-Play: Carlos Valdez Analyst: Salvador Hernandez BRONCOS LOOK TO BUILD OFF OF WEEK 4 QUICK HITS VICTORY IN RESCHEDULED WEEK 6 MATCHUP The Broncos are 26-22-0 (.542) all-time against the New England Patriots The Denver Broncos (1-3), who and last won a game in Foxborough on Sept. 24, 2006. See Page 3 were set to face New England in Week Wide receiver Jerry Jeudy needs 50 yards against New England to become 5 before the game was postponed, the fourth player in NFL history to begin their career with at least 50 yards will look to win their second consec- receiving in a player's first five games. See Page 4 for all 'What to Watch For' utive game in a rescheduled matchup Second-year quarterback Brett Rypien became just the fifth quarterback in against the Patriots (2-2) on Sunday franchise history to lead a fourth-quarter comeback in his first career start (1 p.m. -
Cass CITY CHRONICL E
cASS CITY CHRONICL E VOL. 23. NO. 5. ~ CASS CITY, MICHIGAN, FRIDAY, JUNE 10, 1927. 8 PAGES. : ......... , , • , and roses. Robert P. Cassell of Lan- 4 ft. 9 in. by 34 ft., and bears the sing, cousin of the bride, served as monogram "C. C. H. S."; a curtain 8TH Gr, GrADU/IEs - ....... .e.......... ~,................. • ..... <;0<.~. 4.~. [.~ L.g i i H, S. I]rADUAT[S ceremony a ~ ~^'~'~:--~ klUMil N UllIII~£~"....... W-aS on a noiseless track in two sections, served to the guests. 15 ft. 6 in. by 36 ft.; a grand border Mrs. Lydia Starr and daughter, painted to match the velour curtain; WILL NLIlYiBER32 Mardell, of Cass City, mother and two tormentor wings 4 by 14 ft.; two sister of the groom, attended the ~tate Fair Honors Go to Ken- tormentor flippers 4 by 14 ft.; two wedding. Mr. McArthur is employed neutral borders 5 by 40 ft. One ex- Commencement Exercises Will i neth W. Myers of Mill- at the condensary and Mr. and Mrs. terror setting consists of a wood drop Be Held Tuesday Evening, McArthur will make their home here. ington. mounted on hollow drum roller 6½ by 32 ft; four wood wings 4½ by 14 ft; June 14. ODD FELLOW MEMORIAL wood wing flippers 4½ by 14 ft. One The highest standing on the regu- interior setting of 11 pieces may be Class of 1927. ]at eighth grade examination in Tus- SERVICE SUNDAY MORNING adapted to many interior scenes. A Stuart Y. Wilsey Charles R. Kercher cola county was received by Mar- kitchen scene is painted on the back The annual memorial service of Mary I.