DOCSLIB.ORG

Remake Design Foundations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Remake Design Foundations One of the major challenges faced by today’s global industries is what to do with the leftovers, waste, and surplus generated by increasing production REMAKE and consumption of material goods. Their problem is not new, and over the last decade the search for a solution has given rise to various theories about and technologies for resource recovery and waste management. In ANNA LIDSTRÖM the fashion and clothing industry, designers have explored ways to reuse and remanufacture production and consumption waste and surplus before recycling material components on a fiber level, thereby aiming to realize DESIGN greater environmental savings. While several examples of design practices building on different forms of reuse and remanufacturing approaches exist, foundational theoretical methods for design remain poorly researched. UNIVERSITY OF BORÅS STUDIES IN ARTISTIC RESEARCH NO 32 2020 32 NO RESEARCH ARTISTIC IN STUDIES UNIVERSITYBORÅS OF FOUNDATIONS This thesis explores and analyzes the aesthetic potential in textile and clo- thing waste and surplus for new design expressions and functions. Fashion design students performed initial methodological explorations through practicing redesign to find central concepts in design thinking that present ANNA LIDSTRÖM opportunities and challenges for remake methods. The exploration shows a challenge to go from thinking fashion design as a method of remembering, preserving and showing, to remake fashion design as a method of forget- ting, destroying and searching. In this thesis one method has so far been developed. However, the findings point to several methodological challen- ges in selecting and reworking materials within the context of the remake. These methods need to be explored and developed further to strengthen remake models and practices, and the central characteristic of traditional fashion design thinking needs to be developed further for a fundamental shift in thinking towards remake and redesign fashion design. Key words: waste, surplus, redesign, remake, design, method, clothing UNIVERSITY OF BORÅS STUDIES IN ARTISTIC RESEARCH NO 33 2020 REMAKE DESIGN FOUNDATIONS ANNA LIDSTRÖM Licentiate thesis Editor: Lars Hallnäs Designer: Anna Lidström Cover image: Anna Lidström Layout: Anna Lidström ISSN: Published: 2020 Printed and bound: Stema Copyright 2020 Anna Lidström Unless otherwise noted UNIVERSITY OF BORÅS STUDIES IN ARTISTIC RESEARCH NO 32 2020 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENT Thanks to the many inspiring and helpful people who encouraged me to work in this field of design and supported me as I worked on my thesis. To Birgitta Nilsson at Västra Götalandsregionen for sharing her network and know- ledge about sustainable development and for believing in me when I was given the opportunity to work with Studio Redesign, a pilot project connecting design with textile waste from the Swedish textile industry. To Erik Bresky at Science Park Borås, University of Borås, for his trust and confidence in my ideas, for inviting me to be part of his encouraging and inspiring environment, to develop the Retextile research platform, and for his investment in this work. To Lars Hallnäs for his visionary guidance and teachings in research and for his pa- tience, encouragement, and delightful conversations. To Ulrik Martin Larsen for his playful and humble approach to materials, his confi- dence in improvisation, and his vast artistic knowledge. To Hanna Landin and Delia Dumitrescu for their thesis guidance and oversight of my work. To Jan Carlsson for his personal encouragement and his emphasis on the bigger picture available through design. To Gudrun Bonér for her friendship and design support and for her always reminding me what I’m good at. To Jennifer Larsson for joining me in thinking out loud while we were testing, trying, doing, and making. To Adrian Zethraeus and Jonas Larsson for their project ideas and inspirational work environment. To Ricarda Bigolin for her artistic guidance and friendly criticism. To Stefanie Malmgreen de Oliveira and Erika Blomgren, for their artistic critique, their sharp eyes, and their friendship. 4 5 To my doctoral colleagues and friends in the research school at the Swedish School of Textiles, who listened to my doubts and problems and followed the development of this thesis. To Mats Johansson for his technical advice and creative solutions with endless pos- sibilities. To Stefan Dahlin and Chalmers Innovation Office for showing me the way to see more clearly what I do and for developing and applying my research. To Lars Wahlqvist, David Njie, and Nina Adler for opening up crucial resources for redesign exploration. To Jan Berg and Daniela Ferro for their high-quality photography . To Alice Jardesten for her sewing and technical support. To the design students at The Swedish School of Textiles, University of Borås. To Cilla Ramnek for her artistic conversations over coffee every once in a while. To Vinnova and Sparbankstiftelsen Sjuhärad for funding various stages of this re- search. To my mother, grandmother, and aunt for their resourceful and creative approach to things that are at hand and for their constant urging to be curious and creative. My father for his fearless approach to materials challenges and for his positive spirit. My sister for her unending support and her everyday phone calls. And for my family my daughters and my husband for pushing me to complete my work and for their inspi- ring inventiveness, patience, and love. 6 7 ABSTRACT One of the major challenges faced by today’s global industries is what to do with the leftovers, waste, and surplus generated by increasing production and consumption of material goods. Their problem is not new, and over the last decade the search for a solution has given rise to various theories about and technologies for resource recovery and waste management. In the fashion and clothing industry, designers have explored ways to reuse and remanufacture production and consumption waste and surplus before recycling material components on a fiber level, thereby aiming to realize greater environmental savings. While several examples of design practices building on different forms of reuse and remanufacturing approaches exist, founda- tional theoretical methods for design remain poorly researched. This thesis explores and analyzes the aesthetic potential in textile and clothing waste and surplus for new design expressions and functions. Fashion design students performed initial methodological explorations through practicing redesign to find central concepts in design thinking that present opportunities and challenges for re- make methods. The exploration shows a challenge to go from thinking fashion design as a method of remembering, preserving and showing, to remake fashion design as a method of forgetting, destroying and searching. In this thesis one method has so far been developed. However, the findings point to several methodological challenges in selecting and reworking materials within the context of the remake. These methods need to be explored and developed further to strengthen remake models and practi- ces, and the central characteristic of traditional fashion design thinking needs to be developed further for a fundamental shift in thinking towards remake and redesign fashion design. Key words: waste, surplus, redesign, remake, design, method, clothing 8 9 CONTENTS 1. SUSTAINABLE DESIGN ...................................14 1.1 Design for Sustainability ..................................15 1.2 Sustainable fashion design ................................17 1.3 Waste and redesign ......................................20 1.4 Remake methodologies - Aim and Challenges ................22 2 REDESIGN APPROACHES ..................................26 2.1 Recycling ..............................................27 2.2 Upcycling ..............................................28 2.3 Downcyclingg ..........................................39 2.4 Remanufacture .........................................40 2.5 Repair .................................................41 2.6 Do-it-yourself [DIY] ......................................43 3 FASHION AS REMNANTS ..................................42 3.1 If garments are waste - what is fashion design then? ..........44 3.2 If garments are obsolete - what is fashion design then? ........47 3.3 If garments are dirt - what is fashion design then? ............49 3.4 To design from waste, obsolete and dirt .....................51 4 INITIAL EXPLORATION ....................................58 4.1 Experimental setup .....................................60 4.2 Results ................................................61 4.3 Analyzes ...............................................83 4.4 Summary ..............................................95 10 11 5 TOOL DEVELOPMENT .....................................98 5.1 The Scanner (tool) .....................................101 5.2 The Swatches (method) .................................102 5.3 The Captions (result) ...................................103 6 DISCUSSION ............................................192 7 REFERENCES ...........................................196 12 13 1 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN One way to understand sustainable design is to look at how it emerged as a critical response to the question of the role of design in the globally developing industrial landscape; the vision grew into a movement during the 1960s and 1970s (Packard 1963; Boulding 1966; Papanek 1971; Moldanado 1972). Designer Victor Papanek for one expressed his criticism in the context of human ecology
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Planning Curriculum in Art and Design
    Planning Curriculum in Art and Design Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction Planning Curriculum in Art and Design Melvin F. Pontious (retired) Fine Arts Consultant Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction Tony Evers, PhD, State Superintendent Madison, Wisconsin This publication is available from: Content and Learning Team Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction 125 South Webster Street Madison, WI 53703 608/261-7494 cal.dpi.wi.gov/files/cal/pdf/art.design.guide.pdf © December 2013 Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction The Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction does not discriminate on the basis of sex, race, color, religion, creed, age, national origin, ancestry, pregnancy, marital status or parental status, sexual orientation, or disability. Foreword Art and design education are part of a comprehensive Pre-K-12 education for all students. The Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction continues its efforts to support the skill and knowledge development for our students across the state in all content areas. This guide is meant to support this work as well as foster additional reflection on the instructional framework that will most effectively support students’ learning in art and design through creative practices. This document represents a new direction for art education, identifying a more in-depth review of art and design education. The most substantial change involves the definition of art and design education as the study of visual thinking – including design, visual communications, visual culture, and fine/studio art. The guide provides local, statewide, and national examples in each of these areas to the reader. The overall framework offered suggests practice beyond traditional modes and instead promotes a more constructivist approach to learning.
    [Show full text]
  • Phd and Supervisors Guide to Welcome to Arcintexetn
    PhD and Supervisors Guide to Welcome to ArcInTexETN This guide to the ArcInTexETN gives an overview of the research program of the training network, the impact promised in our application and also an overview of major network wide training activities as well as the work packages structure of the network. For contact information, news and up-to-date information please check the ArcInTexETN web at www.arcintexetn.eu We look forward to work with all of you to develop cross-disciplinary research and research education in the areas of architecture, textiles, fashion and interaction design. Lars Hallnäs – Network Coordinator Agneta Nordlund Andersson – Network Manager Delia Dumitrescu – Director of Studies Content I. The ArcInTexETN research program................................... 5 II. Impact of the ArcInTexETN............................................... 12 III. Work packages 2-4.......................................................... 15 IV. Summer schools, courses and workshops........................ 16 V. Secondment..................................................................... 18 VI. Exploitation, dissemination and communication............... 21 VII. Overview ESR:s.............................................................. 23 VIII. Activities by year and month.......................................... 24 IX. Legal guide......................................................................26 I. ArcInTexETN and technical development into the design of new forms of living that will research program provide the foundations
    [Show full text]
  • Facility Service Life Requirements
    Whole Building Design Guide Federal Green Construction Guide for Specifiers This is a guidance document with sample specification language intended to be inserted into project specifications on this subject as appropriate to the agency's environmental goals. Certain provisions, where indicated, are required for U.S. federal agency projects. Sample specification language is numbered to clearly distinguish it from advisory or discussion material. Each sample is preceded by identification of the typical location in a specification section where it would appear using the SectionFormatTM of the Construction Specifications Institute; the six digit section number cited is per CSI MasterformatTM 2004 and the five digit section number cited parenthetically is per CSI MasterformatTM 1995. SECTION 01 81 10 (SECTION 01120) – FACILITY SERVICE LIFE REQUIREMENTS SPECIFIER NOTE: Sustainable Federal Facilities: A Guide to Integrating Value Engineering, Life-Cycle Costing, and Sustainable Development, Federal Facilities Council Technical Report No.142; 2001 http://www.wbdg.org/ccb/SUSFFC/fedsus.pdf , states that the total cost of facility ownership, which includes all costs an owner will make over the course of the building’s service lifetime, are dominated by operation and maintenance costs. On average, design and construction expenditures, “first costs” of a facility, will account for 5-10 % of the total life-cycle costs. Land acquisition, conceptual planning, renewal or revitalization, and disposal will account for 5-35 % of the total life-cycle costs. However, operation and maintenance will account for 60-85 % of the total life-cycle costs. Service life planning can improve the economic and environmental impacts of the building. It manages the most costly portion of a building’s life cycle costs, the operation and maintenance stage.
    [Show full text]
  • Tony-Fry-Design-Futuring-Sustainability-Ethics-And-New-Practice.Pdf
    WuV!Burv. NEWPRAC ICE · 4illll TONYFRY 11 [ I) (l \\ � 11 l I ) SUSTAINABILITY, ETHICS AND NEW PRACTICE Tony Fry �BERG Oxford • New York EnAJish edition First published in 2009 by Berg Editorial oflices: First Floor, Angel Court, 81 St Clement.<> Street, Oxford OX4 lAW, UK 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY10010, USA © Tony Fry 2009 All rights reserved. 1o part of this publication may bereproduced in any form or by any means without the written permission of Berg. Berg is the imprint of Oxford International Publishers Ltd. Libraryof Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fry, Tony. Design futuring : sustainability, ethics, and new practice I Tony Fry.-English ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-84788-218-9 (cloth )-ISBN 978-1-84788-217-2 (pbk.) 1. Design. I. Title. NK1510.F77 2008 745.2-dc22 2008035114 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978 l. 84788 218 9 (Cloth) 978 1 84788 217 2 (Paper) Typeset by JS Typesetting Ltd, Porthcawl, .Mid Glamorgan Printed in the United Kingdom by Biddies Ltd, King's Lyon Contents Preface vii Introduction 1 Part l Rethinking the Context and Practice of Design 1 Understanding the Nature of Practice 21 2 Understanding the Directional Nature of Design 29 3 The Imperative and Redirection 41 4 Design as a Redirec tive Practice 53 5 Reviewing 1\vo Key Redirective Practices 71 6 Futuring, Rcdirective Practice, Development and Culture 91 Part li Strategic Design Thinking 7 Unpacking Futuring- The
    [Show full text]
  • Controlling Capital Costs in High Performance Office Buildings: 15 Best Practices for Overcoming Cost Barriers in Project Acquisition, Design, and Construction
    Controlling Capital Costs in High Performance Office Buildings: 15 Best Practices for Overcoming Cost Barriers in Project Acquisition, Design, and Construction Shanti Pless, Paul Torcellini: NREL Commercial Buildings Research Group Phil Macey: Haselden Construction Executive Summary First costs, or capital costs, for energy efficiency strategies in office buildings often present a significant barrier to realizing high-performance buildings with 50% or greater energy savings over the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers 90.1-2004 Standard. Historically, the industry has been unable to achieve deep energy savings because it has relied on energy cost savings and simple payback analysis alone to justify investments. A more comprehensive and integrated cost justification and capital cost control approach is needed. First cost barriers can be overcome by implementing innovative procurement and delivery strategies, integrated design principles and cost tradeoffs, life cycle cost justifications, and streamlined construction methods. It is now possible to build marketable, high-performance office buildings that achieve LEED Platinum, save more than $1/ft2 annually in energy costs, and reach net zero energy goals at competitive whole-building first costs. This is illustrated by the U.S. Department of Energy’s and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s latest high-performance office building, the Research Support Facility (RSF) on the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s campus in Golden, Colorado. The RSF is a 220,000-ft2 headquarters and administrative office building with a corporate-scale data center. The RSF reached its energy goals while maintaining a firm fixed price budget at competitive whole-building capital construction costs (move-in ready) of $259/ft2.
    [Show full text]
  • FC 1-300-09N Navy and Marine Corps Design Procedures
    FC 1-300-09N 1 May 2014 FACILITIES CRITERIA (FC) NAVY AND MARINE CORPS DESIGN PROCEDURES CANCELLED APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED FC 1-300-09N 1 May 2014 FACILITIES CRITERIA (FC) NAVY AND MARINE CORPS DESIGN PROCEDURES Any copyrighted material included in this FC is identified at its point of use. Use of the copyrighted material apart from this FC must have the permission of the copyright holder. U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND (Preparing Activity) AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER CENTER Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/) Change No. Date Location CANCELLED This FC supersedes UFC 1-300-09N, dated 25 May 2005, with Changes 1-9. FC 1-300-09N 1 May 2014 FOREWORD Facilities Criteria (FC) provide functional requirements (i.e., defined by users and operational needs of a particular facility type) for specific DoD Component(s), and are intended for use with unified technical requirements published in DoD Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC). FC are applicable only to the DoD Component(s) indicated in the title, and do not represent unified DoD requirements. Differences in functional requirements between DoD Components may exist due to differences in policies and operational needs. All construction outside of the United States is also governed by Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA), Host Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.) Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure compliance with the most stringent of the UFC (replace w/ FC), the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as applicable. Because FC are coordinated with unified DoD technical requirements, they form an element of the DoD UFC system applicable to specific facility types.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Design for Combined Mechanical and Thermal Loads
    Structural The Space Shuttle—a mostly reusable, human-rated launch vehicle, spacecraft, space habitat, laboratory, re-entry vehicle, and Design aircraft—was an unprecedented structural engineering challenge. The design had to meet several demands, which resulted in innovative Introduction solutions. The vehicle needed to be highly reliable for environments Gail Chapline that could not be simulated on Earth or fully modeled analytically Orbiter Structural Design for combined mechanical and thermal loads. It had to accommodate Thomas Moser payloads that were not defined or characterized. It needed to be weight Glenn Miller efficient by employing a greater use of advanced composite materials, Shuttle Wing Loads—Testing and Modification Led to Greater Capacity and it had to rely on fracture mechanics for design with acceptable Tom Modlin life requirements. It also had to be certified to meet strength and life Innovative Concept for Jackscrews requirements by innovative methods. During the Space Shuttle Prevented Catastrophic Failures John Fraley Program, many such structural design innovations were developed Richard Ring and extended to vehicle processing from flight to flight. Charles Stevenson Ivan Velez Orbiter Structure Qualification Thomas Moser Glenn Miller Space Shuttle Pogo— NASA Eliminates “Bad Vibrations” Tom Modlin Pressure Vessel Experience Scott Forth Glenn Ecord Willard Castner Nozzle Flexible Bearing— Steering the Reusable Solid Rocket Motor Coy Jordan Fracture Control Technology Innovations— From the Space Shuttle Program to Worldwide Use Joachim Beek Royce Forman Glenn Ecord Willard Castner Gwyn Faile Space Shuttle Main Engine Fracture Control Gregory Swanson Katherine Van Hooser 270 Engineering Innovations Orbiter Structural beyond the state of the art were needed.
    [Show full text]
  • 100 Year BE Design Guideline
    Colorado Bridge Enterprise STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING BRIDGE SERVICE LIFE Revision 1 October 9, 2020 Colorado Bridge Enterprise Strategies for Enhancing Bridge Service Life Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 BACKGROUND .......................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 WHAT IS 100-YEAR DESIGN LIFE? ............................................................................................. 4 2 INDUSTRY RESEARCH OF BEST PRACTICES ....................................................................................... 4 2.1 COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION – CURRENT STATEGIES ............................... 4 2.2 STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING BRIDGE SERVICE LIFE ................................................................. 5 2.2.1 CONCRETE STRATEGIES ..................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 REINFORCING STEEL STRATEGIES ...................................................................................... 9 2.2.3 STRUCTURAL STEEL STRATEGIES ..................................................................................... 11 2.2.4 DESIGN DETAILING STRATEGIES .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Life Cycle Design Guidance Manual: Environmental Requirements And
    United States Office of Research and EPA!600/R-92/226 Environmental Protection Development January 1993 Agency . Washington, DC 20460 . aEPA Life Cycle Design PB93-164507 Guidance Manual Environmental Requirements and The Product System Refl'OOuct'd by: National TechDcial Infonnalion Service us. Depattmelt ofCornrnerce Springfield, VA 22161 TECHNICAL REPORT DATA (Plt:au rt:ad IflStrut:tions on tht: rt:I't:ru bt:fort: com"lt:tin' 1. REPORT NO. 2 , 3. R PB9 3-16IJ50 1 EPA/600/R-92/226 1 • ---,-- 4. TITL.E AND SUBTITL.E 5. REPORT DATE Life Cycle Design Guidance Manual: Environmental January 1993 Requirements and the Product System 6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION COOE 7. AUTHORIS) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO. 'Gregory A. Keoleian and Dan Menerey 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO ADDRESS 10, PROGRAM EL.EMENT NO. National Pollution Prevention Center CBRD1A University of Michigan 11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1115 CR817570 12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS 13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED Final reoort Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory 14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPA/600/14 r;nr;nn;:,ti nhi,., l1l;?I=.A 1S. SUPPL.EMENTARY NOTES Project Officer: Mary Ann Curran, 513-569-7837 16. ABSTRACT This document seeks to promote the reduction of environmental impacts and health risks through a systems approach to design. The approach is based on the product life cycle, which includes raw materials acquisition and processing, manufacturing, use/service, resource recovery, and disposal. A life cycle design framework was developed to provide gUidance for more effectively conserving resources and energy, preventing pollution, and reducing the aggregate environmental impacts and health risks associated with a product system.
    [Show full text]
  • Life-Based Design. a Holistic Approach to Designing Human
    VTT PUBLICATIONS 726 Jaana Leikas Life-Based Design A holistic approach to designing human- technology interaction VTT PUBLICATIONS 726 Life-Based Design A holistic approach to designing human-technology interaction Jaana Leikas ISBN 978-951-38-7374-5 (soft back ed.) ISSN 1235-0621 (soft back ed.) ISBN 978-951-38-7375-2 (URL: http://www.vtt.fi/publications/index.jsp) ISSN 1455-0849 (URL: http://www.vtt.fi/publications/index.jsp) Copyright © VTT 2009 JULKAISIJA – UTGIVARE – PUBLISHER VTT, Vuorimiehentie 5, PL 1000, 02044 VTT puh. vaihde 020 722 111, faksi 020 722 4374 VTT, Bergsmansvägen 5, PB 1000, 02044 VTT tel. växel 020 722 111, fax 020 722 4374 VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Vuorimiehentie 5, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland phone internat. +358 20 722 111, fax + 358 20 722 4374 Technical editing Mirjami Pullinen Illustrations Tiina Kymäläinen, Jaana Leikas & VTT Edita Prima Oy, Helsinki 2009 Jaana Leikas. Life-Based Design. A holistic approach to designing human-technology interaction [Elämälähtöinen suunnittelu – kokonaisvaltainen lähestymistapa ihmisen ja teknologian vuorovaiku- tussuunnitteluun]. Espoo 2009. VTT Publications 726. 240 p. Keywords human-technology interaction, life-based design, design, holistic design, form of life, human-centred design, gerontechnology Abstract We need a multidimensional and holistic approach to human-technology interac- tion (HTI) design in order to understand what technology could really offer for people and in what forms and on what terms it would be welcomed and adopted. To answer this challenge, a new holistic design paradigm Life-Based Design is introduced in this book. The design of HTI should consider the additional value that technology brings to users.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of the Development of Service Life Design for Concrete Structures
    Overview Of The Development Of Service Life Design For Concrete Structures T Siemes*& H de Vries # *TNO Building and Construction Research, Delft, The Netherlands #Ministry of Transport, Civil Engineering Division,Utrecht, The Netherlands Summary: After the introduction of reinforced concrete it was believed that the material was extremely durable. Soon it was found that reinforced concrete could have serious durability problems and that special care should be taken to avoid them. Durability became a design issue. Based on experience from practice and research, construction rules have been formulated to ensure the durability of the reinforced concrete. Durability was twenty-five years ago however no real issue for design and practice. National organisations and international organisations like CEB and RILEM have become since than very active and widened the fundamental and practical knowledge on durability. This forms the basis of the present design manuals, standards and codes on durability of concrete. The present durability method is based on a vague idea about the service life of the structure, being some decades. In a number of cases is however extensive maintenance and repair necessary. In a few cases lack of durability has even caused the collapse of concrete structures. This has initiated new research to the various degradation mechanisms. It changed also the approach to the problem: the service life has been taken into account explicitly. The design changed from a deem-to-satisfy approach to a performance-based approach with explicit attention for the design life, limit states and reliability. CEB has decided in 1996 to accept this approach as the basis for durability.
    [Show full text]
  • Charrette Lesson Plan for Facilitators
    Green Infrastructure Design Charrette Activity Lesson Plan Rhode Island Green & Resilient Infrastructure Project | RI GRIP www.crc.uri.edu/projects_page/gi-coastal-ri 2017 1 2 Charrette A meeting where stakeholders gather to share knowledge, solve problems, and map and design solutions. Charrettes help create buy-in from diverse stakeholders and the public. Introduction The coastal storms of the future are expected to be unique products of climate change, sea level rise, and storm surge. While climate change is global in scope, decision-making at the local level can increase the ability to adapt and remain resilient. Started in January of 2015, the Green and Resilient Infrastructure Planning (GRIP) project represents a joint effort by Rhode Island Sea Grant, the Coastal Resources Center, the Coastal Resources Management Council, municipal governments, NGOs, university affiliates, and other stakeholders to capitalize on green infrastructure (GI) opportunities in municipalities that experience issues with stormwater flooding in addition to coastal inundation resulting from surge, tides, and sea level rise. The pilot communities include Warwick, North Kingstown, and Newport. The project team will work across departments and levels of government to create a site- specific GI design that meets the needs of each community. They will also work to build the capacity of local decision makers to incorporate GI as a guiding principle in comprehensive planning, hazard mitigation, capital improvement efforts, and other ventures. This guidance will include recommendations for improving state and local documents, policies, and procedures. The four-hour charrette was developed to bring issue and design experts together with decision-makers and stakeholders to build individual and collective capacity for applying GI as a problem solving tool.
    [Show full text]