Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertations Graduate Research 2007 Hospitality Versus Patronage: an Investigation of Social Dynamics in the Third Epistle of John Igor Lorencin Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Lorencin, Igor, "Hospitality Versus Patronage: an Investigation of Social Dynamics in the Third Epistle of John" (2007). Dissertations. 87. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dissertations/87 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Thank you for your interest in the Andrews University Digital Library of Dissertations and Theses. Please honor the copyright of this document by not duplicating or distributing additional copies in any form without the author’s express written permission. Thanks for your cooperation. ABSTRACT HOSPITALITY VERSUS PATRONAGE: AN INVESTIGATION OF SOCIAL DYNAMICS IN THE THIRD EPISTLE OF JOHN by Igor Lorencin Adviser: Robert M. Johnston Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Dissertation Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: HOSPITALITY VERSUS PATRONAGE: AN INVESTIGATION OF SOCIAL DYNAMICS IN THE THIRD EPISTLE OF JOHN Name of researcher: Igor Lorencin Name and degree of faculty adviser: Robert M. Johnston, Ph.D. Date completed: July 2007 Problem This investigation focuses on social dynamics in the third epistle of John. In the context of 3 John hospitality and patronage seem to be opposed as two non-compatible models of behavior. In what sense they are different and what makes them non­ compatible in a church setting is the main focus of this research. Method A social approach is utilized in this investigation for the purpose of understanding the social system, values, and circumstances that shaped the events of 3 John. I first collect evidence to explain the ancient customs of hospitality and patronage in order to Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. create a model for each. In the final step I contrast the two models. This exercise helps to visualize the differences and non-compatibility between the two models. Results Hospitality is a host-guest relationship between non-kin individuals who deferentially alternate their roles by practicing balanced reciprocity, which brings them into a state of equality. On the other hand, patronage is a reciprocal patron-client relationship based on social inequality of the parties involved, where the patron uses his power to benefit his client as well as to benefit himself through that relationship, and the client looks for ways to satisfy his own needs, while being of use to his patron. Traditional ancient hospitality included an element of subordination of the host to the guest, as well as deference of the parties to each other. Patronage, however, selfishly exploits another person for the purpose of domination. Conclusion In 3 John, Gaius has modeled hospitality and is encouraged to continue doing so. On the other hand, Diotrephes has followed patronage and his actions are condemned. The Elder wants to help avoid all the conflicts and power issues that result from the inequality inherent in patronal relationships. That is why he recommends traditional hospitality as a relationship of equality which increases networking, cultivates deference of the parties involved, and produces a healthy local church. In that sense 3 John presents the model of hospitality versus the model of patronage. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary HOSPITALITY VERSUS PATRONAGE: AN INVESTIGATION OF SOCIAL DYNAMICS IN THE THIRD EPISTLE OF JOHN A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy by Igor Lorencin July 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3279253 Copyright 2007 by Lorencin, Igor All rights reserved. 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Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ©Copyright by Igor Lorencin 2007 All Rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. HOSPITALITY VERSUS PATRONAGE: AN INVESTIGATION OF SOCIAL DYNAMICS IN THE THIRD EPISTLE OF JOHN A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy by Igor Lorencin APPROVAL BY THE COMMITTEE: Faculty Adviser, v DirectorfPh.D./Th.D. Program Robert M. Johnston Roy E. Gane Professor pf New Testament and Christian Origin^Emeritus f-Stgjn A I-S f r 9 T -Hs] . Oystein S. LaBianca/ Dean, SDA Theological /Seminary Professor of AntnfOpology J. H. Denis Fortin W. Larry Richards Professor of New Testament Exegesis, Emeritus Jew Paulien Adjunct Professor of New Testament David E. Fredrickson ate approved Professor of New Testament Luther Seminary Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. To my parents: Julijana, who started teaching me Bible stories at an early age, and Miroslav, who was an example for me to follow. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES.................................................................................................................. vii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................... viii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................1 Description of Issues .............................................................................................. 1 Problem ................................................................................................................... 1 Procedure and Outline ...........................................................................................2 Introduction to the Social Approach .....................................................................3 Developments in the Social Approach ..................................................................6 Use of Models .......................................................................................................11 Method in This Dissertation ................................................................................13 II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON 3 JOHN...............................................................16 Introductory Remarks .......................................................................................... 16 Three Approaches.................................................................................................16 Ecclesiological Approach .................................................................................... 17 Adolf von Hamack (1897) ........................................................................... 17 Theodor Zahn (1906) .....................................................................................20 Alan E. Brooke (1912) ..................................................................................22 Friedrich Biichsel (1933)...............................................................................24 C. H. Dodd (1953) ........................................................................................ 25 Rudolf Schnackenburg (1953) ......................................................................27 Gunter Bomkamm (1959) ........................................................................... 30 Ernst Haenchen (1960)................................................................................. 31 Rudolf Bultmann (1967)............................................................................... 33 Hans Campenhausen (1969)........................................................................ 34 Karl P. Donfried (1977)................................................................................ 35 I. Howard Marshall (1978)