Cellular Receptors for Viruses with Ocular Tropism
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On the Entry and Entrapment of Picornaviruses
On the entry and entrapment of picornaviruses Jacqueline Staring PS_JS_def.indd 1 08-10-18 08:46 ISBN 978-94-92679-60-4 NUR 100 Printing and lay-out by: Proefschriftenprinten.nl – The Netherlands With financial support from the Netherlands Cancer Institute © J. Staring, 2018 All rights are reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the author. PS_JS_def.indd 2 08-10-18 08:46 On the entry and entrapment of picornaviruses Over het binnendringen en insluiten van picornavirussen (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. H.R.B.M. Kummeling, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 6 november 2018 des middags te 16.15 uur door Jacqueline Staring geboren op 8 december 1984 te Leiden PS_JS_def.indd 3 08-10-18 08:46 Promotor: Prof. dr T.R. Brummelkamp PS_JS_def.indd 4 08-10-18 08:46 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction I: Picornaviruses 7 Chapter 2 Introduction II: Genetic approaches to study 27 host-pathogen interactions Chapter 3 PLA2G16, a switch between entry and clearance of 43 picornaviridae Chapter 4 Enterovirus D68 receptor requirements unveiled by 77 haploid genetics Chapter 5 KREMEN1 is a host entry receptor for a major group 95 of enteroviruses Chapter 6 General Discussion I: Viral endosomal escape & 125 detection at a glance Chapter 7 General Discussion II: Concluding remarks 151 Addendum 161 Summary 163 Nederlandse samenvatting 165 Curriculum vitae 167 List of publications 168 Acknowledgements 169 PS_JS_def.indd 5 08-10-18 08:46 Roll the dice if you’re going to try, go all the way. -
Genetic Content and Evolution of Adenoviruses Andrew J
Journal of General Virology (2003), 84, 2895–2908 DOI 10.1099/vir.0.19497-0 Review Genetic content and evolution of adenoviruses Andrew J. Davison,1 Ma´ria Benko´´ 2 and Bala´zs Harrach2 Correspondence 1MRC Virology Unit, Institute of Virology, Church Street, Glasgow G11 5JR, UK Andrew Davison 2Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1581 Budapest, [email protected] Hungary This review provides an update of the genetic content, phylogeny and evolution of the family Adenoviridae. An appraisal of the condition of adenovirus genomics highlights the need to ensure that public sequence information is interpreted accurately. To this end, all complete genome sequences available have been reannotated. Adenoviruses fall into four recognized genera, plus possibly a fifth, which have apparently evolved with their vertebrate hosts, but have also engaged in a number of interspecies transmission events. Genes inherited by all modern adenoviruses from their common ancestor are located centrally in the genome and are involved in replication and packaging of viral DNA and formation and structure of the virion. Additional niche-specific genes have accumulated in each lineage, mostly near the genome termini. Capture and duplication of genes in the setting of a ‘leader–exon structure’, which results from widespread use of splicing, appear to have been central to adenovirus evolution. The antiquity of the pre-vertebrate lineages that ultimately gave rise to the Adenoviridae is illustrated by morphological similarities between adenoviruses and bacteriophages, and by use of a protein-primed DNA replication strategy by adenoviruses, certain bacteria and bacteriophages, and linear plasmids of fungi and plants. -
The Viruses of Wild Pigeon Droppings
The Viruses of Wild Pigeon Droppings Tung Gia Phan1,2, Nguyen Phung Vo1,3,A´ kos Boros4,Pe´ter Pankovics4,Ga´bor Reuter4, Olive T. W. Li6, Chunling Wang5, Xutao Deng1, Leo L. M. Poon6, Eric Delwart1,2* 1 Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America, 3 Pharmacology Department, School of Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, 4 Regional Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Laboratory of Gastroenteric Viruses, A´ NTSZ Regional Institute of State Public Health Service, Pe´cs, Hungary, 5 Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford, California, United States of America, 6 Centre of Influenza Research and School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR Abstract Birds are frequent sources of emerging human infectious diseases. Viral particles were enriched from the feces of 51 wild urban pigeons (Columba livia) from Hong Kong and Hungary, their nucleic acids randomly amplified and then sequenced. We identified sequences from known and novel species from the viral families Circoviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, Adenovirus, Astroviridae, and Caliciviridae (listed in decreasing number of reads), as well as plant and insect viruses likely originating from consumed food. The near full genome of a new species of a proposed parvovirus genus provisionally called Aviparvovirus contained an unusually long middle ORF showing weak similarity to an ORF of unknown function from a fowl adenovirus. Picornaviruses found in both Asia and Europe that are distantly related to the turkey megrivirus and contained a highly divergent 2A1 region were named mesiviruses. -
Molecular Characterization of 52K Protein of Bovine Adenovirus Type 3
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF 52K PROTEIN OF BOVINE ADENOVIRUS TYPE 3 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Veterinary Microbiology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon By Carolyn Patricia Paterson © Copyright Carolyn P. Paterson, August 2010. All rights reserved. PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the libraries of this university may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professors who supervised my thesis work or in their absence, the Head of the Department or the Dean of the college in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts therof for financial gain shall not be allowed without any written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Request for permission to copy or to make other use of material in this thesis in whole or part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Veterinary Microbiology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5B4 i ABSTRACT Bovine adenovirus (BAdV)-3 is a non-enveloped, icosahedral virus with a double-stranded DNA genome, and is being developed as a vector for vaccination of animals and humans (Rasmussen et al., 1999; Zakhartchouk et al., 1999). -
Understanding Human Astrovirus from Pathogenesis to Treatment
University of Tennessee Health Science Center UTHSC Digital Commons Theses and Dissertations (ETD) College of Graduate Health Sciences 6-2020 Understanding Human Astrovirus from Pathogenesis to Treatment Virginia Hargest University of Tennessee Health Science Center Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.uthsc.edu/dissertations Part of the Diseases Commons, Medical Sciences Commons, and the Viruses Commons Recommended Citation Hargest, Virginia (0000-0003-3883-1232), "Understanding Human Astrovirus from Pathogenesis to Treatment" (2020). Theses and Dissertations (ETD). Paper 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/ etd.cghs.2020.0507. This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Graduate Health Sciences at UTHSC Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations (ETD) by an authorized administrator of UTHSC Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Understanding Human Astrovirus from Pathogenesis to Treatment Abstract While human astroviruses (HAstV) were discovered nearly 45 years ago, these small positive-sense RNA viruses remain critically understudied. These studies provide fundamental new research on astrovirus pathogenesis and disruption of the gut epithelium by induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) following astrovirus infection. Here we characterize HAstV-induced EMT as an upregulation of SNAI1 and VIM with a down regulation of CDH1 and OCLN, loss of cell-cell junctions most notably at 18 hours post-infection (hpi), and loss of cellular polarity by 24 hpi. While active transforming growth factor- (TGF-) increases during HAstV infection, inhibition of TGF- signaling does not hinder EMT induction. However, HAstV-induced EMT does require active viral replication. -
Diversity and Evolution of Viral Pathogen Community in Cave Nectar Bats (Eonycteris Spelaea)
viruses Article Diversity and Evolution of Viral Pathogen Community in Cave Nectar Bats (Eonycteris spelaea) Ian H Mendenhall 1,* , Dolyce Low Hong Wen 1,2, Jayanthi Jayakumar 1, Vithiagaran Gunalan 3, Linfa Wang 1 , Sebastian Mauer-Stroh 3,4 , Yvonne C.F. Su 1 and Gavin J.D. Smith 1,5,6 1 Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; [email protected] (D.L.H.W.); [email protected] (J.J.); [email protected] (L.W.); [email protected] (Y.C.F.S.) [email protected] (G.J.D.S.) 2 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore 3 Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138671, Singapore; [email protected] (V.G.); [email protected] (S.M.-S.) 4 Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore 5 SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 168753, Singapore 6 Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 30 January 2019; Accepted: 7 March 2019; Published: 12 March 2019 Abstract: Bats are unique mammals, exhibit distinctive life history traits and have unique immunological approaches to suppression of viral diseases upon infection. High-throughput next-generation sequencing has been used in characterizing the virome of different bat species. The cave nectar bat, Eonycteris spelaea, has a broad geographical range across Southeast Asia, India and southern China, however, little is known about their involvement in virus transmission. -
Clustering and Visualizing the Distribution of Overlapping Reading
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.10.447953; this version posted June 11, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. Clustering and visualizing the distribution of overlapping read- ing frames in virus genomes Laura Munoz-Baena˜ 1 and Art F. Y. Poon1;2 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Western University, London, ON, Canada. 2 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada. ABSTRACT 1 Gene overlap occurs when two or more genes are encoded by the same nucleotides. This phe- 2 nomenon is found in all taxonomic domains, but is particularly common in viruses, where it may 3 increase the information content of compact genomes or influence the creation of new genes. Here 4 we report a global comparative study of overlapping reading frames (OvRFs) of 12,609 virus refer- 5 ence genomes in the NCBI database. We retrieved metadata associated with all annotated reading 6 frames in each genome record to calculate the number, length, and frameshift of OvRFs. Our re- 7 sults show that while the number of OvRFs increases with genome length, they tend to be shorter 8 in longer genomes. The majority of overlaps involve +2 frameshifts, predominantly found in ds- 9 DNA viruses. However, the longest overlaps involve no shift in reading frame (+0), increasing 10 the selective burden of the same nucleotide positions within codons, instead of exposing additional 11 sites to purifying selection. -
Whole-Proteome Phylogeny of Large Dsdna Viruses and Parvoviruses
Yu et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:192 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/192 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Whole-proteomeResearch article phylogeny of large dsDNA viruses and parvoviruses through a composition vector method related to dynamical language model Zu-Guo Yu1,2, Ka Hou Chu*3, Chi Pang Li3, Vo Anh1, Li-Qian Zhou2 and Roger Wei Wang4 Abstract Background: The vast sequence divergence among different virus groups has presented a great challenge to alignment-based analysis of virus phylogeny. Due to the problems caused by the uncertainty in alignment, existing tools for phylogenetic analysis based on multiple alignment could not be directly applied to the whole-genome comparison and phylogenomic studies of viruses. There has been a growing interest in alignment-free methods for phylogenetic analysis using complete genome data. Among the alignment-free methods, a dynamical language (DL) method proposed by our group has successfully been applied to the phylogenetic analysis of bacteria and chloroplast genomes. Results: In this paper, the DL method is used to analyze the whole-proteome phylogeny of 124 large dsDNA viruses and 30 parvoviruses, two data sets with large difference in genome size. The trees from our analyses are in good agreement to the latest classification of large dsDNA viruses and parvoviruses by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Conclusions: The present method provides a new way for recovering the phylogeny of large dsDNA viruses and parvoviruses, and also some insights on the affiliation of a number of unclassified viruses. In comparison, some alignment-free methods such as the CV Tree method can be used for recovering the phylogeny of large dsDNA viruses, but they are not suitable for resolving the phylogeny of parvoviruses with a much smaller genome size. -
And Herpesvirus Infecti
Aus dem Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie Lehrstuhl Virologie der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Vorstand: Prof. Dr. med. Oliver T. Keppler Adeno-associated virus-based heterologous replicon technology for detection and quantification of adeno- and herpesvirus infections Dissertation zum Erwerb des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften an der Medizinischen Fakultät der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität zu München vorgelegt von Simona Langer, geb. Sigl aus Hollabrunn, Österreich 2019 Mit Genehmigung der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität München Betreuerin: Priv. Doz. Dr. Barbara Adler Zweitgutachter: Prof. Dr. Reinhard Zeidler Dekan: Prof. Dr. med. dent. Reinhard Hickel Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 02.08.2019 Eidesstattliche Versicherung Langer Simona Ich erkläre hiermit an Eides statt, dass ich die vorliegende Dissertation mit dem Thema Adeno-associated virus-based heterologous replicon technology for detection and quantification of adeno- and herpesvirus infections selbstständig verfasst, mich außer der angegebenen keiner weiteren Hilfsmittel bedient und alle Erkenntnisse, die aus dem Schrifttum ganz oder annähernd übernommen sind, als solche kenntlich gemacht und nach ihrer Herkunft unter Bezeichnung der Fundstellen einzeln nachgewiesen habe. Ich erkläre des Weiteren, dass die hier vorgelegte Dissertation nicht in gleicher oder in ähnlicher Form bei einer anderen Stelle zur Erlangung eines akademischen Grades eingereicht wurde. München, 16.02.2019 Simona Langer This page intentionally left -
Arenaviridae Astroviridae Filoviridae Flaviviridae Hantaviridae
Hantaviridae 0.7 Filoviridae 0.6 Picornaviridae 0.3 Wenling red spikefish hantavirus Rhinovirus C Ahab virus * Possum enterovirus * Aronnax virus * * Wenling minipizza batfish hantavirus Wenling filefish filovirus Norway rat hunnivirus * Wenling yellow goosefish hantavirus Starbuck virus * * Porcine teschovirus European mole nova virus Human Marburg marburgvirus Mosavirus Asturias virus * * * Tortoise picornavirus Egyptian fruit bat Marburg marburgvirus Banded bullfrog picornavirus * Spanish mole uluguru virus Human Sudan ebolavirus * Black spectacled toad picornavirus * Kilimanjaro virus * * * Crab-eating macaque reston ebolavirus Equine rhinitis A virus Imjin virus * Foot and mouth disease virus Dode virus * Angolan free-tailed bat bombali ebolavirus * * Human cosavirus E Seoul orthohantavirus Little free-tailed bat bombali ebolavirus * African bat icavirus A Tigray hantavirus Human Zaire ebolavirus * Saffold virus * Human choclo virus *Little collared fruit bat ebolavirus Peleg virus * Eastern red scorpionfish picornavirus * Reed vole hantavirus Human bundibugyo ebolavirus * * Isla vista hantavirus * Seal picornavirus Human Tai forest ebolavirus Chicken orivirus Paramyxoviridae 0.4 * Duck picornavirus Hepadnaviridae 0.4 Bildad virus Ned virus Tiger rockfish hepatitis B virus Western African lungfish picornavirus * Pacific spadenose shark paramyxovirus * European eel hepatitis B virus Bluegill picornavirus Nemo virus * Carp picornavirus * African cichlid hepatitis B virus Triplecross lizardfish paramyxovirus * * Fathead minnow picornavirus -
Siadenoviruses: a Comparative Molecular and Phylogenetic Study
SIADENOVIRUSES: A COMPARATIVE MOLECULAR AND PHYLOGENETIC STUDY Ph.D. Thesis Endre Kovács Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Mária Benkı Biological Studies Doctorate School Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University Head: Prof. Dr. Anna Erdei Doctorate Program: Theoretical and Evolutionary Biology Head: Prof. Dr. Eörs Szathmáry Veterinary Medical Research Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest 2011 "There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved." Charles Darwin 2 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 HISTORY AND SIGNIFICANCE OF ADENOVIRUS RESEARCH ..................................................................... 5 1.2 MORPHOLOGY ...................................................................................................................................... 6 1.3 TAXONOMY AND GENOME ORGANIZATION ........................................................................................... 8 1.3.1 Mastadenovirus............................................................................................................................. 11 1.3.2 Aviadenovirus............................................................................................................................... -
HUMAN ADENOVIRUS Credibility of Association with Recreational Water: Strongly Associated
6 Viruses This chapter summarises the evidence for viral illnesses acquired through ingestion or inhalation of water or contact with water during water-based recreation. The organisms that will be described are: adenovirus; coxsackievirus; echovirus; hepatitis A virus; and hepatitis E virus. The following information for each organism is presented: general description, health aspects, evidence for association with recreational waters and a conclusion summarising the weight of evidence. © World Health Organization (WHO). Water Recreation and Disease. Plausibility of Associated Infections: Acute Effects, Sequelae and Mortality by Kathy Pond. Published by IWA Publishing, London, UK. ISBN: 1843390663 192 Water Recreation and Disease HUMAN ADENOVIRUS Credibility of association with recreational water: Strongly associated I Organism Pathogen Human adenovirus Taxonomy Adenoviruses belong to the family Adenoviridae. There are four genera: Mastadenovirus, Aviadenovirus, Atadenovirus and Siadenovirus. At present 51 antigenic types of human adenoviruses have been described. Human adenoviruses have been classified into six groups (A–F) on the basis of their physical, chemical and biological properties (WHO 2004). Reservoir Humans. Adenoviruses are ubiquitous in the environment where contamination by human faeces or sewage has occurred. Distribution Adenoviruses have worldwide distribution. Characteristics An important feature of the adenovirus is that it has a DNA rather than an RNA genome. Portions of this viral DNA persist in host cells after viral replication has stopped as either a circular extra chromosome or by integration into the host DNA (Hogg 2000). This persistence may be important in the pathogenesis of the known sequelae of adenoviral infection that include Swyer-James syndrome, permanent airways obstruction, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis obliterans, and steroid-resistant asthma (Becroft 1971; Tan et al.