Mini Review on Psychedelic Drugs: Illumination on the Hidden Aspects of Mind
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Molecular Signatures of G-Protein-Coupled Receptors A
REVIEW doi:10.1038/nature11896 Molecular signatures of G-protein-coupled receptors A. J. Venkatakrishnan1, Xavier Deupi2, Guillaume Lebon1,3,4,5, Christopher G. Tate1, Gebhard F. Schertler2,6 & M. Madan Babu1 G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are physiologically important membrane proteins that sense signalling molecules such as hormones and neurotransmitters, and are the targets of several prescribed drugs. Recent exciting developments are providing unprecedented insights into the structure and function of several medically important GPCRs. Here, through a systematic analysis of high-resolution GPCR structures, we uncover a conserved network of non-covalent contacts that defines the GPCR fold. Furthermore, our comparative analysis reveals characteristic features of ligand binding and conformational changes during receptor activation. A holistic understanding that integrates molecular and systems biology of GPCRs holds promise for new therapeutics and personalized medicine. ignal transduction is a fundamental biological process that is comprehensively, and in the process expand the current frontiers of required to maintain cellular homeostasis and to ensure coordi- GPCR biology. S nated cellular activity in all organisms. Membrane proteins at the In this analysis, we objectively compare known structures and reveal cell surface serve as the communication interface between the cell’s key similarities and differences among diverse GPCRs. We identify a external and internal environments. One of the largest and most diverse consensus structural scaffold of GPCRs that is constituted by a network membrane protein families is the GPCRs, which are encoded by more of non-covalent contacts between residues on the transmembrane (TM) than 800 genes in the human genome1. GPCRs function by detecting a helices. -
Erowid Extracts — Number 13 / November 2007 Erowid Extracts Table of Contents Number 13, November 2007
Erowid® Extracts D OCUMENTING THE C OMPLEX R ELATIONSHIP B ETWEEN H UMANS AN D P SYCHOACTIVES November 2007 Number 13 “The problem to be faced is: how to combine loyalty to one’s own tradition with reverence for different traditions.” — Abraham J. Heschel The Absinthe Enigma • Wormwood and Thujone • P. viridis vs. M. tenuiflora Varieties of Nicotine Experience • Khat Legal Challenges LETTERS & FEEDBACK Hi there Erowid staff, First of all, thank you for such Awesome website! A more thoughtfully a wonderful site. I’m not a serious compiled compendium of information I’m just writing to say how much I recreational user, but having some on the topic of psychoactives does appreciate your website. My father chronic pain issues, I tend to experiment not exist—at least not for the public showed it to me several years ago a little to find ways to alleviate the at large. Bravo. and it’s been fun to watch it grow pain (aside from standard Rx’s from in quality and content over the — ANOnymOus doctors). […] years. My dad adjunctly teaches a Letter to Erowid psychopharmacology class in town and Keep up the good work. Although always lists Erowid on his syllabus of some might look at Erowid negatively, recommended readings. I’m a college I look at it positively, in the sense that After looking up information on the student and am surprised, once I I’m smart enough to research things antitussive properties of DXM, how start talking to other kids, how many before I try them, and hopefully keep shocked I was to find your website, of them know about the information myself from an early demise. -
JONATHAN OTT SPEAKS… PART TWO Interviewed by Will Beifuss and Jon Hanna at the 1998 BPC Salvia Divinorum Conference
VOLUME VIII, NUMBER 2 SUMMER SOLSTICE 1999 JONATHAN OTT SPEAKS… PART TWO Interviewed by Will Beifuss and Jon Hanna at the 1998 BPC Salvia divinorum Conference Jon: Living in México, what do you think that the interest in at home and make tea.” But if I do that in the U.S. I know for entheogens is there, given in a sort of comparative percent- a fact that there are going to be at least a dozen people there age? that have done it more than I have, and perhaps can teach me a thing or two if I can just connect with them afterwards Jonathan: Of course we have, at best, only soft figures in any and share information. And so the U.S. is a real leader there, case. But I would say that it’s less than it is in the U.S., in and I would say in México it’s a great deal less. But on the terms of the kind of interest that we know about—basement other hand, there’s this schizophrenic thing; on the one hand shaman. In the U.S. there’s a great deal of sophistication in there’s racism against Indians and there’s this whole socio- the so-called amateur sector. And that doesn’t exist any- economic one-upmanship, but on the other hand, all of where else, not even in Europe. In Europe, the only people México’s glory lies in the pre-Colombian past, and it’s been that are at that level of sophistication are in the business as all downhill—and very steeply—politically and economi- shamanic-plant dealers, and they’re very few. -
The Genus Anadenanthera in Amerindian Cultures
THE GENUS ANADENANTHERA IN AMERINDIAN CULTURES BY SIRI VON REIS ALTSCHUL, PH .D. RESEARCH FELLOW BOTANICAL MUSEUM HARVARD UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 1972 This monograph is dedicated in affectionate memory to the late DANIEL HERBERT EFRON, PH.D., M.D. 1913-1972 cherished friend of the author and of the Botanical Museum, a true scientist devoted to the interdisciplinary approach in the advancement of knowledge. A/""'f""'<J liz {i>U<// t~ },~u 0<<J4 ~ If;. r:J~ ~ //"'~uI ~ ()< d~ ~ !dtd't;:..1 "./.u.L .A Vdl0 If;;: ~ '" OU'''-k4 :/" tu-d ''''''"-''t2.. ?,,".jd,~ jft I;ft'- ?_rl; A~~ ~r'4tft,t -5 " q,.,<,4 ~~ l' #- /""/) -/~ "1'Ii;. ,1""", "/'/1'1",, I X C"'-r'fttt. #) (../..d ~;, . W,( ~ ~ f;r"'" y it;.,,J 11/" Y 4J.. %~~ l{jr~ t> ~~ ~txh '1'ix r 4 6~" c/<'T'''(''-;{' rn« ?.d ~;;1';;/ a-.d txZ-~ ~ ;o/~ <A.H-iz "" ~".,/( 1-/X< "..< ,:" -.... ~ ~ . JJlr-0? on . .it-(,0.1' r 4 -11<.1.- aw./{') -:JL. P7t;;"j~;1 S .d-At ;0~/lAQ<..t ,ti~?,f,.... vj "7rU<-'- ~I""" =iiR-I1;M~ a....k«<-l, ¢- f!!) d..;.:~ M ~ ~y£/1 ~/.u..-... It'--, "" # :Z:-,k. "i ~ "d/~ efL<.<~/ ,w 1'#,') /';~~;d-t a;.. tlArl-<7'" I .Ii;'~.1 (1(-;.,} >Lc -(l"7C),.,..,;.. :.... ,,:/ ~ /-V,~ , ,1" # (i F'"' l' fJ~~A- (.tG- ~/~ Z:--7Co- ,,:. ,L7r= f,-, , ~t) ahd-p;: fJ~ / tr>d .4 ~f- $. b".,,1 ~/. ~ pd. 1'7'-· X ~-t;;;;.,~;z jM ~0Y:tJ;; ~ """.,4? br;K,' ./.n.u" ~ 7r .".,.~,j~ ;;f;tT ~ ..4'./ ;pf,., tJd~ M_~ (./I<'/~.'. IU. et. c./,. ~L.y !f-t.<H>:t;.tu ~ ~,:,-,p., .....:. -
5-Meo-DMT) in a Journal of Psychedelic Studies Naturalistic Setting
A comparison of reactivation experiences following vaporization and intramuscular injection (IM) of synthetic 5-methoxy-N,N- dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) in a Journal of Psychedelic Studies naturalistic setting 4 (2020) 2, 104–113 1p 2 DOI: MALIN V. UTHAUG , R. LANCELOTTA , 3 4,5 10.1556/2054.2020.00123 A. M. ORTIZ BERNAL , A. K. DAVIS and p © 2020 The Author(s) JOHANNES G. RAMAEKERS1 1 Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, The Netherlands 2 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Innate Path, Lakewood, CO, USA 3 School of Human Ecology, Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA 4 College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, 43210, OH, USA 5 Center for Psychedelic and Consciousness Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 21224, MD, USA Received: November 18, 2019 • Accepted: December 22, 2019 Published online: March 26, 2020 ABSTRACT Background: Previous research suggests a therapeutic potential of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT). However, online anecdotal reports have described a phenomenon following cessation of the acute effects of 5-MeO-DMT use which has been termed reactivation (i.e., re-experiencing [“flashback”]). To date, no research has investigated whether different routes of administration may confer different reactivation rates, effects and experiences. Aims: We aimed to assess whether intramuscular injection (IM) and vaporization of 5-MeO-DMT conferred different reactivation rates, changes in satisfaction with life as well as ratings of the experience with ego dissolution and the mystical. Methods: Using internet-based advertisements, 27 respondents (Mage = 32. -
Long-Lasting Analgesic Effect of the Psychedelic Drug Changa: a Case Report
CASE REPORT Journal of Psychedelic Studies 3(1), pp. 7–13 (2019) DOI: 10.1556/2054.2019.001 First published online February 12, 2019 Long-lasting analgesic effect of the psychedelic drug changa: A case report GENÍS ONA1* and SEBASTIÁN TRONCOSO2 1Department of Anthropology, Philosophy and Social Work, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain 2Independent Researcher (Received: August 23, 2018; accepted: January 8, 2019) Background and aims: Pain is the most prevalent symptom of a health condition, and it is inappropriately treated in many cases. Here, we present a case report in which we observe a long-lasting analgesic effect produced by changa,a psychedelic drug that contains the psychoactive N,N-dimethyltryptamine and ground seeds of Peganum harmala, which are rich in β-carbolines. Methods: We describe the case and offer a brief review of supportive findings. Results: A long-lasting analgesic effect after the use of changa was reported. Possible analgesic mechanisms are discussed. We suggest that both pharmacological and non-pharmacological factors could be involved. Conclusion: These findings offer preliminary evidence of the analgesic effect of changa, but due to its complex pharmacological actions, involving many neurotransmitter systems, further research is needed in order to establish the specific mechanisms at work. Keywords: analgesic, pain, psychedelic, psychoactive, DMT, β-carboline alkaloids INTRODUCTION effects of ayahuasca usually last between 3 and 5 hr (McKenna & Riba, 2015), but the effects of smoked changa – The treatment of pain is one of the most significant chal- last about 15 30 min (Ott, 1994). lenges in the history of medicine. At present, there are still many challenges that hamper pain’s appropriate treatment, as recently stated by American Pain Society (Gereau et al., CASE DESCRIPTION 2014). -
Psychoactive Substances and Transpersonal States
TRANSPERSONAL PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH REVIEW: PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND TRANSPERSONAL STATES David Lukoff San Francisco, California Robert Zanger Los Angeles, California Francis Lu San Francisco, California This "Research Review" covers recent trends in researching psychoactive substances and trans personal states of conscious ness during the past ten years. In keeping with the stated goals of this section of the Journal to promote research in transpersonal psychology, the focus is on the methods and trends designs which are being employed in investigations rather than during the findings on this topic. However, some recently published the books and monographs provide good summaries of the recent last findings relevant to understanding psychoactive substances ten (Cohen & Krippner, 1985b; Dobkin de Rios, 1984;Dobkin de years Rios & Winkelman, 1989b; Ratsch, 1990; Reidlinger, 1990). Because researching psychoactive substances is most broadly a cross-disciplinary venture, only a small portion of the research reviewed below was conducted by persons who consider The authors wish to acknowledge the assistance of Bruce Flath, head librarian at the California Institute of Integral Studies, San Francisco in conducting the computer bibliographic searches used in preparation of this article. The authors also wish to thank Marlene Dobkin de Rios, Stanley Krippner, Christel Lukoff, Dennis McKenna, Terence McKenna, Ralph Metzner, Donald Rothberg and Ilene Serlin for their valuable comments on earlier drafts of this article. Copyright © 1990 Transpersonal Institute The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology. 1990, Vol. 22, No.2 107 themselves transpersonal psychologists. As Vaughan (1984) has noted, "The transpersonal perspective is a meta-perspec tive, an attempt to learn from all different disciplines . emerging from the needed integration of ancient wisdom and modern science. -
Endophytic Fungi: Treasure for Anti-Cancerous Compounds
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN- 0975-1491 Vol 8, Issue 8, 2016 Review Article ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI: TREASURE FOR ANTI-CANCEROUS COMPOUNDS ANAND DILIP FIRODIYAa*, RAJESH KUMAR TENGURIAb aCSRD, Peoples University, Bhopal 462037, Madhya Pradesh, India, bDepartment of Botany, Govt. PG College, Rajgarh 496551, Madhya Pradesh, India Email: [email protected] Received: 22 Apr 2016 Revised and Accepted: 20 June 2016 ABSTRACT Endophytic fungi that live asymptomatically inside the plant tissues have novel bioactive metabolites exhibiting a variety of biological activities, especially against cancer. This review highlights the research progress on the production of anticancer compounds by endophytic fungi from 1990- 2015. Anticancer activity is generally associated with the cytotoxicity of the compounds present in the endophytic fungi. The ubiquitous nature of endophytic fungi synthesise diverse chemicals with promising anticancer activity from either their original host or related species. Modification in fermentation parameters and genetic insight of endophytes may produce novel anti-cancerous compounds. Keywords: Cancer, Medicinal plants, Secondary metabolites © 2016 The Authors. Published by Innovare Academic Sciences Pvt Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) INTRODUCTION endophytic fungi detectable by high-performance liquid chromate- graphy, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrophotometer and The interest in the biogenic medicines has revived throughout the X-ray crystallography and its cytotoxicity of the bioactive world, as the increase in awareness of the health hazards and compounds against cancer cell lines. The compounds with potential toxicity associated with the random use of synthetic drugs and application were also considered in the selection of antitumor antibiotics [1]. -
Human Pharmacology of Ayahuasca: Subjective and Cardiovascular Effects, Monoamine Metabolite Excretion and Pharmacokinetics
TESI DOCTORAL HUMAN PHARMACOLOGY OF AYAHUASCA JORDI RIBA Barcelona, 2003 Director de la Tesi: DR. MANEL JOSEP BARBANOJ RODRÍGUEZ A la Núria, el Marc i l’Emma. No pasaremos en silencio una de las cosas que á nuestro modo de ver llamará la atención... toman un bejuco llamado Ayahuasca (bejuco de muerto ó almas) del cual hacen un lijero cocimiento...esta bebida es narcótica, como debe suponerse, i á pocos momentos empieza a producir los mas raros fenómenos...Yo, por mí, sé decir que cuando he tomado el Ayahuasca he sentido rodeos de cabeza, luego un viaje aéreo en el que recuerdo percibia las prespectivas mas deliciosas, grandes ciudades, elevadas torres, hermosos parques i otros objetos bellísimos; luego me figuraba abandonado en un bosque i acometido de algunas fieras, de las que me defendia; en seguida tenia sensación fuerte de sueño del cual recordaba con dolor i pesadez de cabeza, i algunas veces mal estar general. Manuel Villavicencio Geografía de la República del Ecuador (1858) Das, was den Indianer den “Aya-huasca-Trank” lieben macht, sind, abgesehen von den Traumgesichten, die auf sein persönliches Glück Bezug habenden Bilder, die sein inneres Auge während des narkotischen Zustandes schaut. Louis Lewin Phantastica (1927) Agraïments La present tesi doctoral constitueix la fase final d’una idea nascuda ara fa gairebé nou anys. El fet que aquest treball sobre la farmacologia humana de l’ayahuasca hagi estat una realitat es deu fonamentalment al suport constant del seu director, el Manel Barbanoj. Voldria expressar-li la meva gratitud pel seu recolzament entusiàstic d’aquest projecte, molt allunyat, per la natura del fàrmac objecte d’estudi, dels que fins al moment s’havien dut a terme a l’Àrea d’Investigació Farmacològica de l’Hospital de Sant Pau. -
Hallucinogens: a Cause of Convulsive Ergot Psychoses
Loma Linda University TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects 6-1976 Hallucinogens: a Cause of Convulsive Ergot Psychoses Sylvia Dahl Winters Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd Part of the Psychiatry Commons Recommended Citation Winters, Sylvia Dahl, "Hallucinogens: a Cause of Convulsive Ergot Psychoses" (1976). Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects. 976. https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/etd/976 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects by an authorized administrator of TheScholarsRepository@LLU: Digital Archive of Research, Scholarship & Creative Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT HALLUCINOGENS: A CAUSE OF CONVULSIVE ERGOT PSYCHOSES By Sylvia Dahl Winters Ergotism with vasoconstriction and gangrene has been reported through the centuries. Less well publicized are the cases of psychoses associated with convulsive ergotism. Lysergic acid amide a powerful hallucinogen having one.-tenth the hallucinogenic activity of LSD-25 is produced by natural sources. This article attempts to show that convulsive ergot psychoses are mixed psychoses caused by lysergic acid amide or similar hallucinogens combined with nervous system -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness Et Al
USOO6264,917B1 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,264,917 B1 Klaveness et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 24, 2001 (54) TARGETED ULTRASOUND CONTRAST 5,733,572 3/1998 Unger et al.. AGENTS 5,780,010 7/1998 Lanza et al. 5,846,517 12/1998 Unger .................................. 424/9.52 (75) Inventors: Jo Klaveness; Pál Rongved; Dagfinn 5,849,727 12/1998 Porter et al. ......................... 514/156 Lovhaug, all of Oslo (NO) 5,910,300 6/1999 Tournier et al. .................... 424/9.34 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS (73) Assignee: Nycomed Imaging AS, Oslo (NO) 2 145 SOS 4/1994 (CA). (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 19 626 530 1/1998 (DE). patent is extended or adjusted under 35 O 727 225 8/1996 (EP). U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. WO91/15244 10/1991 (WO). WO 93/20802 10/1993 (WO). WO 94/07539 4/1994 (WO). (21) Appl. No.: 08/958,993 WO 94/28873 12/1994 (WO). WO 94/28874 12/1994 (WO). (22) Filed: Oct. 28, 1997 WO95/03356 2/1995 (WO). WO95/03357 2/1995 (WO). Related U.S. Application Data WO95/07072 3/1995 (WO). (60) Provisional application No. 60/049.264, filed on Jun. 7, WO95/15118 6/1995 (WO). 1997, provisional application No. 60/049,265, filed on Jun. WO 96/39149 12/1996 (WO). 7, 1997, and provisional application No. 60/049.268, filed WO 96/40277 12/1996 (WO). on Jun. 7, 1997. WO 96/40285 12/1996 (WO). (30) Foreign Application Priority Data WO 96/41647 12/1996 (WO). -
Ayahuasca Characterization, Metabolism in Humans, And
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2012 Ayahuasca characterization, metabolism in humans, and relevance to endogenous N,N- dimethyltryptamines Ethan Hamilton McIlhenny Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons Recommended Citation McIlhenny, Ethan Hamilton, "Ayahuasca characterization, metabolism in humans, and relevance to endogenous N,N- dimethyltryptamines" (2012). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2049. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2049 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. AYAHUASCA CHARACTERIZATION, METABOLISM IN HUMANS, AND RELEVANCE TO ENDOGENOUS N,N-DIMETHYLTRYPTAMINES A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and School of Veterinary Medicine in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Interdepartmental Program in Veterinary Medical Sciences through the Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences by Ethan Hamilton McIlhenny B.A., Skidmore College, 2006 M.S., Tulane University, 2008 August 2012 Acknowledgments Infinite thanks, appreciation, and gratitude to my mother Bonnie, father Chaffe, brother Matthew, grandmothers Virginia and Beverly, and to all my extended family, friends, and loved ones. Without your support and the visionary guidance of my friend and advisor Dr. Steven Barker, none of this work would have been possible. Special thanks to Dr.