Statistical Data, Data Analysis and Recommendation on Collection of Data in the Field of General Aviation in Europe
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RCHIVE EUROPEAN COMMISSION DG MOBILITY AND TRANSPORT STATISTICAL DATA, DATA ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATION ON COLLECTION OF DATA IN THE FIELD OF GENERAL AVIATION IN EUROPE FINAL REPORT WORK ORDER: MOVE/E4/SER/2014-757 DECEMBER 2015 EUROPEAN COMMISSION DG MOBILITY AND TRANSPORT STATISTICAL DATA, DATA ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATION ON COLLECTION OF DATA IN THE FIELD OF GENERAL AVIATION IN EUROPE FINAL REPORT WORK ORDER: MOVE/E4/SER/2014-757 DECEMBER 2015 STATISTICAL DATA, DATA ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATUION ON COLLECTION OF DATA IN THE FIELD OF GENERAL AVIATION IN EUROPE CONTENTS List of acronyms 1 1 Executive Summary 4 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Methodology developed for the study 5 1.3 Availability of data 6 1.4 Main findings 7 1.5 Main recommendations 8 1.6 Conclusion 10 2 Introduction 11 2.1 Objectives of the study 12 2.2 Domains covered by the data analysis 12 2.3 Scope of the report 13 2.4 Document structure 13 3 Methodology to conduct the study 14 3.1 Overall Methodology 14 3.2 Methodology for data collection 14 3.3 Methodology for data analysis 20 3.4 Methodology for database development 21 4 Data availability and quality 24 4.1 Statistics related to air safety 24 4.2 Economic data 26 4.3 Environment data 28 4.4 Summary of data available 29 4.5 Cost/effort of data collection 30 5 Main findings 32 5.1 Overview of GA in Europe 32 5.2 Safety related data 33 5.3 Economic analysis 40 5.4 Environment 42 5.5 Issues identified 44 6 Recommendations 47 6.1 Recommendations regarding data collection 47 6 STATISTICAL DATA, DATA ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATUION ON COLLECTION OF DATA IN THE FIELD OF GENERAL AVIATION IN EUROPE 6.2 Evaluation of possible data collection strategies 49 6.3 Recommendations with regard to data management and analysis 54 6.4 Recommendations with regard to existing regulations 55 6.5 Recommendations with regard to environmental aspects 56 6.6 Proposals for future collection, management and analysis of data 57 7 Conclusion 60 STATISTICAL DATA, DATA ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATUION ON COLLECTION OF DATA IN THE FIELD OF GENERAL AVIATION IN EUROPE APPENDICES Appendix A Case Studies A-1 A.1 Case Study: France A-2 A.2 Case Study: Germany A-11 A.3 Case study: Latvia A-16 A.4 Case study: Poland A-21 A.5 Case study: Romania A-26 A.6 Case study: Spain A-32 A.7 Case study: Sweden A-39 A.8 Case study: United Kingdom A-43 A.9 Other States (economic analysis only) A-48 Appendix B Analysis of end users data B-1 B.1 Introduction B-1 B.2 Quality Analysis B-3 B.3 Analysis of data B-4 B.4 Comparison with data received from NAA B-11 B.5 Conclusion B-13 Appendix C Estimating GDP C-1 C.1 Definition of GDP and approaches to measurement C-1 C.2 Direct and indirect effects on GDP C-2 C.3 Challenges to measurement C-2 C.4 GDP components C-4 C.5 Implications for measurement C-5 C.6 Types of output C-5 Appendix D Links to national databases D-1 Appendix E References E-1 Appendix F Questionnaires F-1 Appendix G Database G-1 Appendix H User's Guide for the Database H-1 Appendix I List of associations supporting the study I-1 STATISTICAL DATA, DATA ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATION ON COLLECTION OF DATA IN THE FIELD OF GENERAL AVIATION IN EUROPE 1 List of acronyms ADF Automatic Direction Finder ADP Aéroports de Paris AENA Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea AESA Spanish Aviation Safety Agency AIP Aeronautical Information Publication ANSP Air Navigation Service Provider AOPA Aircraft Owner and Pilot Association ATO Approved Training Organisation ATS Air Traffic Services AvGas Aviation Gasoline BA Business Aviation BAF Federal Authority for Air Navigation Services (Germany) BIA Brevet d’Initiation Aéronautique BMVI Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure CAA Civil Aviation Authority CAEA Certificat d’Aptitude à l’Enseignement Aéronautique CAT Commercial Air Transport operations CIA Central Intelligence Agency CIAIAC Commission for Investigation of Accidents and Incidents in Civil Aviation CO Commercial Operations CO2 Carbon Dioxide CTR Control Zone DEHSt Deutsche Emissionshandelsstelle/German Emissions Trading Authority (Germany) DFS Deutsche Flugsicherung GmbH (National ANSP Germany) DGAC Direction Générale de l’Aviation Civile DME Distance Measuring Equipment EAS Europe Air Sport EBAA European Business Aviation Association EC European Commission ECOGAS European Council of General Aviation Support ELT Emerging Lifesaving Technology ETS Emissions Trading Scheme EU European Union FFA Fédération Française Aéronautique FFPLUM Fédération Française d’ULM FLARM Flight and Alarm FNAM Fédération Nationale de l’Aviation Marchande 2 STATISTICAL DATA, DATA ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATUION ON COLLECTION OF DATA IN THE FIELD OF GENERAL AVIATION IN EUROPE GA General Aviation GAMA General Aviation Manufacturers Association GBP Pound sterling GDP Gross Domestic Product GPS Global Positioning System GVA Gross Value Added IAOPA International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Association ICAO International Civil Aviation Organisation IFR Instrument Flight Rules ILS Instrument Landing System KSAK Kungliga Svenska Aeroklubben LBA Luftfahrt Bundesamt (Federal Aviation Office of Germany) LAPL Light Aircraft Pilot License MALGH Mission Aviation Légère, Générale et Hélicoptères MM Maintenance Manager MOGAS Motor Gasoline MRV Registration and Monitoring & Verification MS Member State MTOM Maximum Take-off Mass1 MTWA Maximum Total Weight Authorised NAA National Aviation Authority NM Nautical Miles NPPL National Private Pilot’s Licence PLB Personal Locator Beacon PoC Point of Contact PPL Private Pilot License PPL-A Private Pilot License for Airplanes PPL-H Private Pilot License for Helicopters PRM Persons with reduced mobility PwC PriceWaterhouseCoopers QAR Quick Access Recorders RNAV Area Navigation RoCAA Romanian Civil Aviation Authority RPAS Remotely Piloted Aircraft System SAMA Swiss Aircraft Maintenance Association 1 The term MTOM also covers maximum certified take-off mass (MCTOM), as it is used for helicopters. STATISTICAL DATA, DATA ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATION ON COLLECTION OF DATA IN THE FIELD OF GENERAL AVIATION IN EUROPE 3 SME Small Medium Enterprise SMS Safety Management System TCAS Traffic Collision Avoidance System ToR Terms of References UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle UBA Umweltbundesamt/Federal Environment Agency (Germany) UK United Kingdom ULM Ultra-Light Motorized VAT Value-added Tax VFR Visual Flight Rules 4 STATISTICAL DATA, DATA ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATUION ON COLLECTION OF DATA IN THE FIELD OF GENERAL AVIATION IN EUROPE 1 Executive Summary 1.1 Introduction Generalities General aviation (GA) provides individuals, enterprises and local communities with tailored, flexible, door-to-door transportation that contributes to people`s mobility, productivity of businesses and regional cohesion. Based on the use of privately-owned aircraft, GA offers an alternative to scheduled commercial flights, responding to users' needs with better flexibility and adaptability due to lower operational restrictions or less constraining economic considerations. At European level, there is no comprehensive GA information available, most of the related data being generally gathered in a non-systematic and non-coherent way by national aviation authorities or associations. In order for policy makers to address appropriately the GA sector, it is necessary to improve the current data collection process with a view to facilitating the collection and analysis of the relevant information. In 2007, the European Commission identified2 the need to establish a basic set of data with a view to ensure proper application of proportionality and subsidiarity principles in future GA developments, and in particular: › Take into consideration airspace and infrastructure needs in capacity planning and optimisation; › Promote new technologies that maintain European industry’s competitive edge and tap regional and local capacities cost efficiently; › Facilitate General aviation access to foreign markets; › Ensure environmental sustainability of General aviation. 2 Communication from the Commission: An Agenda for Sustainable Future in General and Business Aviation, Brussels, 11.1.2007 COM(2007) 869 final (http://eur- lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2007:0869:FIN:EN:PDF) STATISTICAL DATA, DATA ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATION ON COLLECTION OF DATA IN THE FIELD OF GENERAL AVIATION IN EUROPE 5 In 2014, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) issued the Roadmap of General Aviation of 20143 with the intention to bring positive changes to the GA community by simplifying existing regulations where possible, introducing flexible measures where necessary and developing safety promotion to address safety risks. In that context, only data related to accidents and incidents shall be collected and analysed systematically by EASA and Eurostat. For all other aspects, it is still required to define at European level what type of data should be collected and analysed systematically. 3 http://easa.europa.eu/easa-and-you/aviation-domain/general-aviation?page=general-aviation-road- map 6 STATISTICAL DATA, DATA ANALYSIS AND RECOMMENDATUION ON COLLECTION OF DATA IN THE FIELD OF GENERAL AVIATION IN EUROPE Study objectives The present study focuses on safety, economic and environmental aspects related to GA operations with the objective to: › Identify existing information detained by the various GA stakeholders; › Detect missing statistical data; › Provide recommendations regarding future collection of missing data. For this study, the GA definition covers the following scope: › On-demand activities including Air-taxi