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AREA : 3669 Ha
Project Cost : 550.35 Lakhs
Hmawngbuchhuah, Kakichhuah, Sabualtlang.
Prepared by, DO, Soil & Water Conservation Deptt.
1 INDEX
CHAPTER Page No. 1. Introduction ------3 2. Project Profile ------8 3. Basic Information of Project Villages ------13 4. Participatory Rural Appraisal ------14 5. Problem Typology ------15 6. Project Intervention Plan ------18 7. DPR Plan Abstract ------19 8. Preparatory Phase. ------20 9. Work Plan Details ------21 10. Consolidation and Withdrawal Phase. ------23 11. Capacity Building Institute Identified ------24 12. Institutional & Capacity building Plan ------25 13. Basic Profile of the project location ------27 14. Maps of the project ------28 15. Institutional mechanism& Agreements. ------32 16. SWOT Analysis of PIA. ------33 17. PIA & Watershed Committee details. ------34 18. Convergence Plans. ------35 19. Expected Outcomes. ------37 20. Expected Estimate Outcomes. ------39 21. Monitoring & Evaluation. ------40 22. Plan & Estimates for various activities. ------41 23. Drawing for Various activities. ------47 24. Micro-Watershed work Plan for one cluster Area under IWMP.------53 25. Beneficiary Card Sample ------54
2 1. INTRODUCTION:
The natural resources management becomes more and more important for economic growth and development of the rural people. The once potential land became degraded due to inefficient management thereby, decreasing its productivity. Further degradation should be prevented with multi-dimensional approaches and its development requires scientific, holistic and innovative approach. Unprecedented population and cattle pressure and demands of Society on scarce land, water and biological resources and the ever increasing degradation of these resources is affecting the stability and resilience of our ecosystem and the environment as a whole. The expansion of human settlement and infrastructure, intensification of Agriculture, expansion of agriculture into marginal areas and fragile ecosystem emphasizes the need for integrated planning and management of resources. Most of the rural population depends on shifting cultivation for their livelihood. Shifting Cultivation is practiced by clearing forest areas. The previous year’s jhumland is kept fallow for 5-6 year’s depending on the area available for cultivation for each village. Shifting Cultivation results in burning of large areas of forest including those that are not required for cultivation thereby destroying forest cover, there are fewer trees and shrubs to decrease the flow of water, hence only the top soil becomes wet leading to increased runoff speed of rain water resulting in low underground water table. Those natural springs we have that we so proudly say never runs dry have now become dry during the winter months. The water we have left barely meets the requirement for human consumption not to mention those required for irrigation of farmland. The thinning forest cover decreases moisture content of the soil making it unsuitable for plantation of trees and crops. Temperature also increases considerably because of this. Our once fertile lands will soon become deserts if we do not put a stop to shifting cultivation soon.
Each watershed area under the project is a micro level effort to achieve the objective of watershed programme through treating under productive and hitherto unproductive lands and taking up allied activities for the benefits of the rural poor and landless. This project adopt a common strategy of multi-resource management involving all stakeholders within the watershed, who together as a group, co-operatively identify the resources issues and concerns of the watershed as well as develop and implement a watershed plan with solution that are environmentally, socially and economically sustainable.
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The objective of the project will be:-
1. Developing water, land/degraded land and abandoned jhum land on watershed basis, keeping in view the capacity of land, local condition and needs. 2. Promoting overall economic development and improving Socio-economic condition of the poor and disadvantaged section inhabiting the project area. 3. Restoring ecological balance by harnessing, conserving and developing natural resources. i.e. land, water and vegetative cover 4. Encouraging village community for sustainable community action for operation and maintenance of assets created and further development of potential of natural resources in the watershed. 5. Employment generation, poverty alleviation, community empowerment and development of human and other economic resources of the village. Watershed Management works will be taken up in multi-tier approaches as below:-
1. First Tier-Canopy/Ridge Area Treatment
(a) Stoppage of Shifting Cultivation: Under IWMP farmers are encouraged to practice permanent farming in compact areas. All the areas which were previously used for cultivation will be left fallow and in due course of time natural forest growth will be regenerated.
(b) Afforestation: Besides the natural forest areas, more areas are proposed for afforestation under IWMP and other Schemes. Increased forest area will result in decrease of runoff water, soil water content and increased precipitation/rainfall, increased underground water table.
(c) Prevention of soil erosion: Due to the hilly nature of Mizoram and deforestation, rain water easily erodes the fertile top soil. Fertility decreases considerably in places of minimal forest cover. To prevent more soil erosion, construction of terraces, afforestation and other means are proposed so that there will be minimum soil content in the runoff water.
2. Second Tier-Horticulture Crop Area Treatment
(a) Construction of water harvesting structures and better utilization of water resources: Rainfall is still moderate and whatever rainfall we get, if we have proper harvesting structures, is more than enough for every household use without any other source of water. In place of permanent cultivation where natural streams are available for water harvesting using gravity and in those places where water is not available by gravity also, water harvesting should be encouraged. The harvested water can be
4 used both for human consumption as well as for irrigating farmlands and will provide the required water during dry season. (b) Land Development: The areas covered under IWMP project are planned to be developed in such a way that the productivity will increase. The areas proposed for afforestation will be developed by making terrace. Construction of terrace will prevent unnecessary water runoff, thereby, recharging the water table. In places where permanent cultivation will be practiced, depending on the slope of the terrain, terrace, bench terrace and contour trench will be constructed. Cultivation of commercial crops will be practiced in such places and irrigation facilities for dry season will be provided. (c) Gestation period treatment: The Permanent Horticulture crops planted in the 2nd Tier-Area will be mostly Orange, Hatcora, Nimbu, Litchi, Mango, Avocado and other cash crops. These crops will be harvested only after 5 years or more. During the gestation period, farmers and cultivators will be encouraged and assisted to introduce annual cash crops to meet their daily weeks.
3. Third Tier-Agriculture Crop Area Treatment: (a) Wet Rice Cultivation & Mixed Farming: In places of permanent cultivation, the land will be prepared in such a way that 2 – 3 crops can be planted in a year. This cannot be achieved with only the natural fertility of the land; therefore, provision will be made so that the cultivators can raise domestic animals in their farmland. The manure collected from animals can be used to fertilize the land making the crops produced in these farms entirely organic. Organic products are easier to export and have a larger market. (b) Multiple cropping: If water and manure are available in plenty, farmers can plant different varieties of crop depending on the season. Even during the dry season, cultivation can be done and also permanent crops can be raised. 4. Rural – Urban migration: Due to lack of employment opportunities and for various other reasons, rural populations migrate to urban areas. In urban areas there is deficit of work due to large influx of population from rural areas, resulting in poverty and creating problem for resettlement to rural areas. Using IWMP this rural-urban migration is hoped to be kept in check by providing them with means for secure income.
5. Women empowerment: For an accelerated Socio-economic development of any community active participation of women is essential. In a social set up like ours, i.e., Patriarchal family system, the participation of women in the development process has to be ensured through tangible measures at various levels which result in empowerment of women in the real sense. This project will address to decrease the workload of women in the project area. Time spent for collecting drinking water will be reduced which will result in positive impact on the quality of life and health of women and the family.
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6. Provision of livelihood for Asset-less families: The Asset-less families will be provided with a scope of micro-entrepreneurship, they will be assisted and trained to take up those activities identified under the project. Livestock farming, handicraft, mechanics, black smithy, Tin smithy, Petty trade etc. will be encouraged by the PIA for this Asset-less people. Necessary financial and technical support will be provided from the project fund.
7. Creation of Assets: Using IWMP Project, plans are made to provide durable assets to the rural population. These assets will last long after the completion of this project and will be handed over to the public on completion of this project. The management, repair, renovation or augmentation of these assets will be the responsibility of the people. Plans are made in such a way that once the project is completed the public will be able to restore or augment these assets without Government help. A minimal charge will be collected from the user of these assets; this collection along with WDF will be used for maintenance of these assets.
8. Convergence with other Programmes: An opportunity for convergence with other programmes of Government of India and State Government will be opened for the Project area as well as beneficiaries and end-users. Convergence with other programme will be those which are not convenient to address from IWMP fund and those needing more fund and man days which could not be met from the said scheme. Beneficiaries will be encouraged to utilize such fund received by them from other sources for enhancing their activity in the project area. However, parallel funding of same activity in the same project area will be accounted separately to avoid duplicity of utilization of fund. Care should be taken to check misappropriation of fund. All scheme funds should be utilized in a holistic and judicious manner.
9. Connectivity of the Project Area: Even though, IWMP is silent on the provision of connectivity to the project area, construction of road, bridges and culverts will be given priority to ease transportation of products from the project area. Connectivity will enhance works done per day per person since time for traveling to the project area from habitation will be less. Connectivity will also ensure better monitoring and supervision and implementation of works. Provision of connectivity should be done under the existing MG- NREGA or other State Schemes. An Annual Action Plan formulated by Gram Sabha of each project village will give priority on this convergence approach. 10. Food Security: In many rural villages, the parents had to toil and sweats for their Children in order to give the family a food meal twice a day. Making both ends meet is as hand as a rock sometimes due to scarcity of wage employment and results in lack of purchasing power. However, in order to make availability of food more secure for the
6 family, the project will enhance the productivity of the land, increase the income of the family and revitalize the welfare of the family so that there will be food scarcity .
11. Disaster Risk Reduction Approach: Whenever there is any developmental activities in hilly areas, landslips, erosions and road blocks raise their ugly heads causing devastating destructions, sometimes results in Landslips and hungers and also natural calamities like Drought, Wild Fire, Airborne and Waterborne diseases. This project, as far as practicable, will address to reduce the risk of disaster due to developmental works by construction of Check Dams, Retaining Walls, Flood control works and control of free flowing rain waters by way of construction of contour lines, bundings, terracing etc. to decrease the run off speed of rain water and utilize all available water in a meaning way for enhancing productivity.
7 PROJECT PROFILE
Lawngtlai : Lawngtlai IWMP – VII
Name of Watershed :1)Chhimtuipui I-3d1a1a1e, 2)Chhimtuipui II- 3d1a3a1d, 3)Chhimtuipui III- 3d1a1a1d, 4)Sekulhlui I-3d1a3a1c, 5)Sekulhlui II- 3d1a1a1c, 6)Sekulhlui III -3d1a3a1b, 7)Hmarluang I- 3d1a1a1b, 8)Hmarluang II- 3d1a1a1a, 9)Hmarluang III-3d1a3a1a,
Area of the project : 3669 Ha Cost of the project : 550.35 Lakhs (a) Central Share : 495.315 Lakhs (b) State Share : 55.035 Lakhs
Villages to be covered
(a) Hmawngbuchhuah (b) Kakichhuah I Sabualtlang
1. Drainage System: Sl Drainage system Description No. 1 Chhimtuipui Drainage Chhimtuipui river originates from the western part of Myanmar system near Vanum village at an altitude of 2,325m. It forms an international boundary line between India and Myanmar for a distance of 92.56Km. It also forms the district boundary between Saiha and Lawngtlai districts. Chhimtuipui river is the largest river in Mizoram by volume and it drains the whole eastern part of the district. It is also navigable by small boat from Akyap (Myanmar) upto a considerable distance within the state of Mizoram. It has many important tributaries and the important ones are tiau, Tuichang and mat rivers. 2 Sekul Drainage Sekul river originates from the north central part of the district system near S.Diltlang village at an latitude of 900 m above mean sea level. It flows southward till it enters Myanmar in the southern tip of the state covering a distance of 48 km. The important tributaries of Sekul river anre Sunhlu lui, Dumzau lui, Darnam lui, Lugnhauka lui, Khawrawp lui and Hmawngbu lui. 3 Tuichawng Drainage Tuichawng river originate from Reng tlang at a height of 957 system meters in the southern tip of the Lawntlai district covering a distance of 171.51 Km. It flows in a north direction till it confluence to the Khawthlangtuipui river near Tuichawng village in Lunglei district. It is an important river for both Lunglei and Lawngtlai districts from agricultural and horticultural point of view. The important tributaries of Tuichawng river are Chikhurlui, Fangfar lui, Nghalim lui, Pande lui, Kar lui, Dosura lui, Bulungsuri lui, Uiphum lui, Sakei lui and Chawngte lui on the right bank of the river.
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2. Geomorphology: Lawngtlai IWMP Project are mainly formed by law structural Hill include those hill which rise below 800 m from mean-sea-level Sl.No Geomorphic Description Area % Unit (In Sq.Km) Low Structural Hills include those hills which rise below 800m. The Low Low Structural Hill is predominantly high in 1 1429.26 55.89 Structural Hill terms of areal extend than its counterparts and covers almost the entire district including Linear Ridge.
3. Lithology: Rock types of sandstones which are fine to very fine grained, not too bluish grey to light brown in colour, compact and hard, thinly bedded, rarely yellowish brown, medium grained and friable are formed in Lawngtali and Chanhu area of the project. Shale and Siltstone, which are also dark grey to grey in colour and are usually splintery are formed in Lawngtlai and Chawnhu village area of the project. 4. Ground water Potential : In the low-lying areas including parts of flood plain and valley fills the ground potential of water is good. Lawngtlai and Chawnhu of the project area falls under this category of good ground water potential. The project area of Lawngtlai and Chawnhu where the recharge condition of water table and the water –yielding capacity of the ground is neither suitable nor poor. Hence, ground water potential is moderate and needs to be focused.
5. Land use / Land cover : The land use and cover pattern in the project area can be classified as below:-
I. Built-up land: Built-up land is an area of human habitation, developed due to non agricultural use and that has a cover of buildings, transport and communications, utilities in association with water, vegetation and vacant lands. Lawngtlai district has 153 villages and 2 autonomous district headquarters – Lawngtlai and Chawngte ( Kamalanagar) II. (a) Agriculture Land: These are lands primarily used for farming and for production of food, fibre and other commercial horticultural crops. It includes land under crops (irrigated and un-irrigated, plantation etc.) (b) Kharif: Kharif crop land refers mainly to the wet rice cultivation areas located in the low lying plains. Large scattered patches of the kharif crop
9 lands are found to the western part of the district and extensively along the banks of River Tuichawng. I Plantation: This class includes areas, which is being utilized for plantation of cash crops. They include a variety of agricultural/ horticultural plantations, of which the prominent ones are Banana, and Citrus woodlands. III. (a) Forest Dense: This class includes natural forest, which are not disturbed by any biotic factors like shifting cultivation and other human activities. The crown density of this class is very thick. Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests covers major portion of this class.
(b) Medium Dense: The forests that have a crown cover neither too thick nor too thin are classed under this category. I Less Dense: The forest under this category has a thin crown cover. This type of forest includes forest, which were once disturbed and affected by biotic factors like shifting cultivation and human activities. These forests are characterized by those lands where shifting cultivation had been practices and then left fallow for over a year; the resultant new vegetation of which, regenerated to form new forests. (d) Bamboo: Moist deciduous bamboo forests are found to be distributed throughout Lawngtlai district but more concentrated towards and within the Chakma autonomous jurisdiction. It is mostly found in low-lying areas near streams and rivers. (e) Forest Plantation: Forest plantations are distributed throughout the district. Some has large coverage while most of them have area below the minimum mapable unit. The prominent forest plantations are Teak (Tectona grandis), Gomari (Gmelina arborea) and Pine (Pinus kesiya)
IV. (a) Shifting Cultivation & Current Shifting Cultivation: It is traditional practice of growing crops on forested/vegetated hill slopes by slash and burn method. These are associated with mountainous/ hilly areas amidst forest cover and forest cleared areas. (b) Abandoned Shifting Cultivation: These are areas that were under shifting cultivation, left idle for more than one year but less than three years thereby giving scope for the regeneration of the secondary vegetation especially
bamboo or grasses V. Scrub Land: These lands are generally prone to deterioration due to erosion. They generally occupy topographically high locations, excluding
hilly/mountainous terrain. They possess sparse vegetation with thin soil cover.
10 VI. Water Body: This category comprises areas with surface water, either impounded in the form of ponds, lakes or flowing as streams and rivers etc.
6. The soils of the Project Area : Since the Project Areas lies below 800 m from MSL and above 72 MSL. Loamy skeletal soil and Fine loamy Soil are found which are mostly formed by Typic Udorthents, Typic Dystrochrepts, Typic Hapludults, Umbric Dystrochrepts and Humic Hapludults. In the low lying area where Serlui ‘A’ poured its water to Tlawng river, the soils are mostly Aquic Dystrochrepts, Fluventic Dystrochrepts and Fluvenic Umbric Dystrochrepts. Most of the activity under the project will be at Hill Slope with 10% - 45% slope; here the soils are mostly Humic Hapludults, Umbric Dystrochrepts, Typic Hapludults and clayey Typic Dystrochrepts.
7. Land Holding: The Village Council, which is the authorized body to allot sites to the villager, can issue House Passes within the limit of the Village Area. However, the village council also issue passes and allotted land even though they are not authorize to do so beyond the village limit which were called ‘V.C. Passes’. If the allotee properly utilized the land so allotted, his ownership was always accepted by the Government. In this ways V.C’s leased out a big portion of land lying between the village area and the jhum land. Also in some cases, there are periodic patta passes issued by Revenue Department. However, in remote areas, V.C was the sole authority to issue passes.
8. Rainfall : Although pre-monsoon rains break in from the early part of March with occasional thunder-storms, the monsoon period really starts from the middle week of April and the peaks period is in the month of July to August. It declines gradually and ceases during November. Occasional showers of low to medium intensity also occur during the period from December to February due to the influence of the retreating monsoon.
The rainfall recorded during 2000 -2009 as per the record of Padma Shree Pu C.Rokhuma, Aizawl, Mizoram.
2000 ------97.70 inches 2001 ------84.90 inches
2002 ------95.40 inches 2003 ------123.65 inches
2004 ------89.85 inches 2005 ------56.90 inches
2006 ------64.75 inches 2007 ------96.45 inches
2008 ------62.05 inches 2009 ------55.75 inches
The minimum & maximum temperature between 1986 – 2008 recorded during January was 70C min – 260C man, during April was 130C min – 350C max, During July was 180C min – 340C max.
11 9. Ethnology : The Project Area is inhabited by Mizo tribe comprising of Ralte, Hmar, Paihte, Sailo, Lai, Mara and other Lusei Tribes. Mizo dialect is the common language. The following figure shows percentage of inflation in various commodities.
Commodity 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010 (dec)
Rice 16.54 20.3 20.88 24.67 27 Masur Dal 42.75 56 73.75 76.28 71 Pork 102.5 122 145 150.42 160 Beef 112.5 123.75 146.25 159.58 175 Fish 112.5 114.28 131.25 142.95 145 Milk 28.87 27.62 30.63 32.73 37 Potato 12.69 12.5 14.5 22.42 24 Sugar 25 23.62 27.25 34.43 45 LPG 306.63 305.63 325 320.44 361
Sources: AH&Vety Department Area & Production Major crops (2009-2010)
Sl Name of Crop 2009-2010 2010-2011 No Area ‘000 Ha Prodn ‘000 Area ‘000 Ha Prodn ‘000 Ha Ha Cereals: 1 Rice 47.2 46.3 40.67 46.9 2 Maize 8.31 11.14 8.81 12.7 Total of Cereals 55.51 57.44 49.48 59.6 Pulses: 1 Arthar 0.2 0.12 9.74 1.1 2 Rice Bean 0.72 0.9 0.2 0.2 3 Other Pulses 2.39 2.98 2.54 3.4 Total of Pulses 3.31 4.0 12.48 4.7 Oil Seed: 1 Sesamum 1.1 0.75 1.2 1.9 2 Soyabean 1.3 2.1 1.01 0.7 Total of Oil Seed 2.4 2.085 2.21 2.6 G. Total 61.22 64.29 64.17 66.9 Target for 2011-2012 1. Production of Rice 52.000 MT 2. Increase productivity in WRC 1.7 – 2.5 MT/Ha 3. Increase productivity in Jhum 0.92 – 1.2 MT/Ha 4. Farm Power Availability 0.25 – 0.75 KW/Ha 5. Fertilizer consumption 42.07 – 60.00 Kg/Ha 6. Seed Replacement 30% in Paddy and 40% in Other crops 7. System of Rice intensification 500-3,000 Ha
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BASIC INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT VILLAGE
Hmawngbuchhuah
Educational Status
1 Primary School Government 2 Middle School Government
Road Connectivity & Transportation
1 Bus Service Available 2 Maxicab Service Available
Kakichhuah
Educational Status
1 Primary School Government 2 Middle School Government
Road Connectivity & Transportation
1 Bus Service Available 2 Maxicab Service Available
Sabualtlang
Educational Status
1 Primary School Government 2 Middle School Government
Road Connectivity & Transportation
1 Bus Service Available 2 Maxicab Service Available
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PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL (PRA)
The past experience of watershed has given tremendous input to focus on creating accountability of the stakeholders towards the programme. This has created an emphasis to include all the stakeholder communities and their local and indigenous Technological Knowledge (ITK) while planning for any activity. Participatory approach provides a new path for planning, implementing, monitoring and post- withdrawal activities with a complete accountability of the stakeholders. Various PRA techniques like resource mapping, social mapping, and season calendars were used to understand the physical and social orientation of the village in general and watershed in specific. These tools put the villagers in ease than the complicated questionnaires. Various tools like Matrix ranking, Venn diagram were used to identify various local vegetations (apt for afforestation), Fodders crops, various institutions and their significance in the life of the farmers.
FINDINGS: The PRA exercise done in the project area revealed that the villages even after lengthy lecture and deliberate discussion could not make the difference between what they want and what they need. In each village the people thought that they need- a) Community hall with Badminton Court. b) Playground with a minimum size of 120m x 70m which is medium standard football ground. c) Internal roads and steps. d) Market or waiting sheds. e) Office building for various NGOs i.e., YMA, MHIP and MUP. f) Construction of roads under MG-NREGA to connect their jhum land.
In view of the above points, none of the above items except Sl /No. (d) and (f) could not alleviate poverty nor lighten the burden of loads they carry from their jhum land. Therefore, what seem to be their needs are actually what they want to have.
Then, in the second exercise of the PRA, the need of the people was revealed, what they want becomes negligible since their wants could not fulfill the needs of the rural populace. Therefore, the following points came up which will be addressed with various R.D. Programme. a) Water and moisture conservation for domestic and irrigation purposes. b) Land development for horticulture, agriculture and pisciculture. c) Afforestation and regeneration of village community land. d) Construction of link road to each potential area to ease transportation. e) Construction of storage facility and market infrastructure. f) Training and capacity building for rural artisans and their sponsorship to various institutions for up-gradation of skills.
14 PROBLEM TYPOLOGY
1 2 3 4 S. Proposed interventions to over come Problem area Problem analysis No problems
Soil Soil lost is immense due to direct rain Soil and moisture conservation will be Conservation drop resulting in soil erosion, done by way of construction of farm (slope, erosion, destruction of vegetative barrier, ponds, dug-out ponds, terracing, bench 1 soil loss, rainfall, decreased rainfall. Top soil loss terracing, half moon terrace, contour productivity , decreases fertility of the land resulting trenching and planting trees, shifting etc) in less productivity. cultivation will be controlled.
Decrease in vegetative barrier In order to utilize every drop of water in a resulted in high run off speed of rain meaningful way, all the streams in the Water water and less chance of recharging project area will be tapped to irrigate farm conservation water table. Direct sun light also land. Rain water will be harvested in farm (water budget, 2 decreases the moisture content of the ponds, dug-out ponds and water Ground water soil. Once perennial streams become harvesting structures to recharge the norms, ephemeral. ground water content. Check dams will be productivity) constructed in various places to make ephemeral streams into perennial streams.
Practice of shifting cultivation Permanent farming will be introduced in Crop coverage destroyed crops and vegetative the project area by three tier system. – { 80% of w/s coverage; Sporadic wild fire also Canopy areas will be treated to 3 area should be destroyed a vast portion of land every regenerate forest, in the second tier with canopy} year. Abandoned jhum land increases horticulture will be introduced; the third resulting in less vegetative coverage tier will be covered with WRC and Terrace for Agriculture activity. Due to Loss of top soil, the The productivity will be enhanced by way productivity of land decreases of multiple cropping. Permanent crops will tremendously, the productivity of land be introduced in slope areas, during the in case of paddy is only 600 Kg per gestation period seasonal and annual acre, which is almost 50% less than crops will be sown which will doubled the Agriculture 10-15 years ago. The crop wise income of the farmer. Organic manures productivity district average for major crops is as will be used for enhancing the production 4 (crop wise below:- as well as ensuring quality. Drip-irrigation compare with S.No Project Area Dist will be provided to each farmer for dist. Average) Average irrigating crops. WRC areas will be (a) Paddy–600 Kg/Ac 750 Kg/Ac provided with open or pipe irrigation to (b) Maize-800 950 Kg/Ac enhance productivity and enable farmer to Kg/Ac sow more than once in their area. I Banana–700 1000 Kg/Ac Kg/Ac
Lack of grazing ground for milch Developing the existing pasture land with animals, draught animals and small proper management and technical inputs ruminants. Lack of technical know for livestock farming. Training at various Livestock how of animal management, identified institute to ensure growth and 5 productivity remoteness of the project area and productivity. Developing infrastructures for lack of financial support and production and marketing with logistic infrastructure. support.
15 No employment opportunities in the Organizing the people to form SHG’s and Existing project area to earn a living except in imparting training at various identified Livelihood jhum lands where weeding is institutes, Door-step training at local area 6 activities for required. Lack of creativeness, for Old-aged and handicapped persons. Asset less training and financial support for such Developing infrastructures for production persons persons. and marketing, provision of logistic support to the groups. The existing CBO’s i.e. YMA, MHIP Training for CBO’s/ VO’s in order to Community and MUP are not aware of the enable them to facilitate the newly formed Based importance of SHG’s and SHG’s and federation for their growth and 7 Organisation & Federations and lack creativity and impart sense of ownership. Social capital innovative mind. base
Capacity There is no proper capacity building Capacity building will be held at regular Building and awareness campaign. intervals. In order to ensure mass- (participation, participation, the time and venue should 8 awareness of be notified in advance to all concerned. watershed community Due to the implementation of various In order to change the existing work- employment generation schemes, the culture, comprehensive plan should be people are used to earning their worked out to ensure better profits from livelihood easily without much toil and works done by each individual. Ensure Work Culture of 9 sweat. They became irresponsible market for each produce and induce the Labour force and forget the Mizo work culture spirit of ownership of every work done. where every family is self-sufficient. Every one should be made to deliver considerable effort for his and his family’s self-sufficiency without external support. During the implementation of NLUP The Village Council in consultation with and MIP in Mizoram, community land Revenue Department, Government of available for jhuming was distributed Mizoram should declared the allotment of Land ownership to every family at the rate of 4 Acres. land to those allotees null and void, and 10 Pattern Even after the dis-continuance of the re-distribute the land to deserving families programmes, the allotee usually who are willing to take up the activities claimed their land allotted to them under IWMP. even if they could not look after it. Due to lack of foresight, the village Village Authorities will be made conscious authorities could not formulate plans of the importance of connectivity to the to connect every potential area with potential project areas. They will make Connectivity of roads to ease transportation of fund available for construction of road Watershed Area produces resulting in heavy burden connectivity under every available 11 and Potential for farmers and cultivators. schemes. This will ease transportation of Areas produces, reduce the cost of transportation and market price of the produce, it will also decrease time taken for the produces to reach markets.
Even though the produces of the Produces will be quantified at least three- locality is of small quantity, it became folded in each item to enable the farmers too much for local consumption, but to sell outside the locality. Transportation Marketing of too little for outside market. arrangement will be made at watershed 12 produces committee level to ensure that those produces reach the market within 24 hours.
16 Due to lack of storage facilities for Cold storage facilities will be applied in storing Horticulture products in local the concerned Department under the Storage of area, the products became rotten in a Government of Mizoram where every 13 produces. short span of time, then farmers and beneficiary will deposit their produces cultivators not only losses but are before sending them to the market. also demoralized. Bank officials will be made to participate Due to lack of Banking infrastructure more in the implementation of the project in remote villages, credit linkage and where they could fetch a good return. The banking assistance are out of reach dormancy of service area of each banks 14 Credit Linkage for the rural populace. will be made to revive, in return, the loanees will be made to recover their loans in regular intervals so that the bank, the loanees and SHG will be more profitable. Recent establishment of R-SETI at There are only a few training facilities Zemabawk, KVK Lawngtlai and Farmers and institutions for the rural artisans, Training Centre at Selesih will help even though the existing ones are upgrade the rural artisans, farmers and almost out of reach for them due to micro entrepreneurs. Sponsorship will be Lack of Training lack of sponsorship and financial done from training and capacity building Infrastructure support for upgradation of skills. fund of the project. Whenever possible, 15 and Institutional private trainers will be engaged to impart Support and in – house/Door Step training to old aged Sponsorship pensioner, widows and handicapped persons. Up-gradation of skill will enable the produces of rural artisans to compete in the open markets.
Focus will be set to those areas selected Due to Bamboo flowering in 2007, under the project to control wild fire, 2008 &2009, vast bamboo forest was controlled burning and watch of wild fire Sparodic wild covered with dried bamboos. Some 16 will be introduced. Comprehensive Plan fire miscreants used to set fire causing will be evolved at Village Level to create destruction of new young plants awareness. Village Level Authority will be coming up. encouraged to punish and fine those who caused such wild fire. 17 Time Due to lack of efficient time The PIA will be advised to opened a Site Management management, Valuable time have Office within his IWMP Project Area for been thrown away which could be better co-ordination with the Watershed utilized in an efficient manner if Committees, User Group, Self-Help management have been properly Groups, and the beneficiaries. All arranged programmes of training, awareness, capacity buildings and field visits will be notified in advance so that there will be no lapsed in the part of the PIA nor the end users.
17
PROJECT INTERVENTION PLAN
Hmawngbuchhuah Kakichhuah Sabualtlang Total Physical Physical Sl.No Name of Works % Physical in Allocation Allocation Physical in Allocation Allocation in No. & in No. & No. & Ha. in rupees in rupees No. & Ha. in rupees in rupees Ha. Ha. 1 Preparation of DPR 1 1 183450 1 183450 1 183450 1 550350
2 Entry Point Activities 4 3 733800 3 733800 3 733800 7 2201400
3 Institution & Capacity Building 5 NA 917250 NA 917250 NA 917250 NA 2751750
4 Productivity Enhancement 10 82 1834500 82 1834500 81 1834500 245 5503500
5 Livelihood for Asset less 9 66 1651050 66 1651050 66 1651050 198 4953150
6 Natural Resources Management 56 913 10273200 913 10273200 913 10273200 2739 30819600
7 Monitoring & Evaluation 2 NA 366900 NA 366900 NA 366900 NA 1100700
8 Consolidation Phase 3 NA 550350 NA 550350 NA 550350 NA 1651050
9 Administration 10 LS 1834500 LS 1834500 LS 1834500 LS 5503500
Total 100 1061 18345000 1061 18345000 1060 18345000 3182 55035000
18 DPR PLAN ABSTRACT
st nd rd th th Sl.No Component % 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Year Total Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin 1 Preparation of DPR 1 1 550350 1 550350 2 Entry Point Activities 4 7 2201400 7 2201400 Institution & Capacity 3 5 6 275175 28 1375875 8 412762.50 8 412762.50 6 275175 55 2751750 Building 4 Productivity Enhancement 10 24 550350 74 1651050 74 1651050 73 1651050 245 5503500 5 Livelihood for Asset less 9 22 550350 66 1651050 66 1651050 44 1100700 198 4953150 Natural Resources 6 56 367 4127625 742 8351561.25 742 8351561.25 888 9988852.50 2739 30819600 Management 7 Monitoring 1 LS 110070 LS 110070 LS 110070 LS 220140 LS 550350 8 Evaluation 1 LS 165105 LS LS 192622.50 LS 192622.50 LS 550350 9 Consolidation Phase 3 NA 1651050 NA 1651050 10 Administration 10 LS 275175 LS 825525 LS 1485945 LS 1485945 LS 1430910 LS 5503500
11 100 3302100 413 7704900 882 13662438.75 882 13855061.25 1005 16510500 3182 55035000
19
PREPARATORY PHASE
LAWNGTLAI DISTRICT : MIZORAM NAME OF THE PROJECT : LAWNGTLAI-VII
Amount Estimated Expenditure Expected Actual Name of Village earmarked EPA Planned Cost Balance incurred outcome Outcome for EPA (in Rs.) 400000 Constn. of Community Water Tank 400000 400000 Nil 1 1 Hmawngbuchhuah 333800 Constn. of Farmers’ rest camp 333800 333800 Nil 2 2
500000 Constn. of Rural Godown (Broom) 500000 500000 Nil 1 1 Kakichhuah 233800 Constn. of Farmers’ rest camp 233800 233800 Nil 2 2
Sabualtlang 733800 Constn. of Water harvesting tank. 733800 733800 Nil 1 1
Total 2201400 2201400 2201400 7 7
20
WORK PLAN DETAILS
Total Funds Allocated for Watershed work Phase (75%) : Rs. 412.76 Lkahs Total Area to be treated : 3669 Ha/Unit Components % 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year Total Sl.No Watershed Development Works 56 Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin (a) Afforestation 17 195147 35 394848 35 394848 42 472257 130 1457100 (b) Horticulture 87 979353 176 1981557 176 1981557 211 2370034 650 7312500 a (c) Land Development/ WRC 29 331473 60 670681 60 670681 71 802165 220 2475000 (d) Others (Half Moon terracing etc.) 15 165737 30 335340 30 335340 36 401083 110 1237500 Sub Total (a) 149 1671710 300 3382426 300 3382426 360 4045538 1109 12482100 (a) Bench Terracing 17 192857 35 390214 35 390214 42 466714 128 1440000 b (b)Others (Contour % Graded Bunds, 26 289286 52 585322 52 585322 62 700072 192 2160000 1 Gully plug/ Loose boulders etc..) Sub Total (b) 43 482143 87 975536 87 975536 104 1166786 320 3600000 Water Harvesting Structures i. Farm Pond. Percolation Tank 44 497210 89 1006021 89 1006021 107 1203248 330 3712500 c ii. Rain Water Harvesting Stucture 49 549944 99 1112720 99 1112720 118 1330865 365 4106250 iii. Community Water Tank 52 580078 104 1173691 104 1173691 125 1403789 385 4331250 iv. Others/ Gravitational Pipeline 31 346540 62 701166 62 701166 75 838627 230 2587500 Sub Total (c) 175 1973772 355 3993599 355 3993599 424 4776529 1310 14737500 Sub Total (a+b+c) - - 367 4127625 742 8351561 742 8351561 888 9988853 2739 30819600
21
Livelihood Activities for Assetless 9
d No. of Beneficiaries on farm activities 4 110070 13 330210 13 330210 9 220140 40 990630 2 No. of Beneficiaries on off-farm 18 440280 53 1320840 53 1320840 35 880560 159 3962520 activities Sub Total (d) - - 22 550350 66 1651050 66 1651050 44 1100700 198 4953150
Production System & Micro Enterprise 10
Area/ Beneficiaries on farm Activities i. Sericulture 2 45562.5 2 45562.5 2 45562.5 7 151875 ii. Fisheries 2 45562.5 2 45562.5 2 45562.5 7 151875
e iii. Petty Trade 2 50625 3 60750 3 60750 3 60750 10 232875 3 iv. Micro-enterprise 9 208350 28 625050 28 625050 28 625050 93 2083500 v. Poultry 5 112500 15 337500 15 337500 15 337500 50 1125000 vi. Piggery 6 129375 17 388125 17 388125 17 388125 58 1293750 vii. Others 2 49500 7 148500 7 148500 7 148500 22 495000 Sub Total (e) 24 550350 74 1651050 74 1651050 73 1651050 245 5503500 Sub Total (a+b+c+d+e) 5228325 1.2E+07 11653661 12740603 41276250
Allocation of each 3 project villages will be 33.3% each.
22
CONSOLIDATION & WITHDRAWAL PHASE LAWNGTLAI DISTRICT: MIZORAM
NAME OF THE PROJECT : LAWNGTLAI -VII : COMMON PROPERTY RESOURCES TARGET ACHIEVEMENT Target Estimated Area Mandas Actual no Name of Activity Area under WDF Treated Estimate Expected no of Expenditure of WDF Village Proposed the Contribu- under Expenditure Beneficiaries incurred Benefic- TOTAL WOMEN Collected activities tion the iaries Ha activity
After completion of the Project, all the common properties within the project area under Watershed Management Works i.e. Gravity pipeline, Open – Irrigation Channel, Water Harvesting Structures should be entered in this table during consolidation phase. Contribution toward Watershed Development Fund which is 5% of the expenditure incurred in that particular area should be collected from the beneficiaries. MIS-TABLE-M(PA) C1
This fund will be utilized for maintenance, repair, renovation of the Assets (CPR) created under the project fund after exit protocol. This MIS-table is an Assets Register of the project; therefore, entry should be correct in all respects.
23 CAPACITY BUILDING INSITTUTIONS IDENTIFIED LAWNGTLAI DISTRICT: MIZORAM
Sl.No Name of Institution Type Specialization 1 State Institute of Rural Development State Government Rural Development & Watershed Kolasib Mizoram Management 2 Extension Training Centre State Government Rural Development & Watershed Thingsulthliah, Mizoram Management 3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Lawngtlai, Central Government Home Science, Animal Husbandry , Mizoram Agriculture and allied subjects 4 Indian Council for Agricultural Central Government Agriculture, Horticulture and allied subjects Research (ICAR) Kolasib, Mizoram 5 Rural – Self Employment Training Central Government Carpentry, Handloom, Knitting, Embroidery, Institute (RSETI) Zemabawk, Mizoarm Handicraft, Shoe repair etc. 6 Industrial Training Institute (ITI), Saiha. State Government Motor Mechanic, Electrician, Computer Science, Handloom & Handicraft 7 Farmers Training Center, Selesih, State Government Livestock farming & Management Mizoram 8 Weaving Centre, Lunglawn. State Government Weaving & Handloom
24 INSTITUTION AND CAPACITY BUILDING PLAN
NAME OF THE PROJECT: LAWNGTLAI – VII
Name of Institution & Activities identified Fish Farmers Training Centre DWCDC Saiha SIRD Kolasib, ETC Lengpui,KVK & SLNA Financial Pukpui Saiha & Farmer R-SETI Zemabawk & ITI Mizoram Targeted Target in Training Centre Saiha. Weaving Centre Year Sl.N Name of Activity Beneficiaries lakhs Selesih Luangmual.
1 PIA & WDT 3.669 1.1007 Concept of IWMP
2 Watershed Committee 31 1.1007 Concept of IWMP
3 SHG & UG 28 1.1007 Concept of IWMP
Mobilization of I Resources Beneficiaries 28 1.1007 Concept of IWMP Management & Convergence 4
5 PIA, WDT & WC 37 1.1007 Concept of IWMP Sub Total 127 5.5035
Formation of Skill upgradation & Rural Artisans 36.69 1.1007 1 SHG Management of products Skill upgradation Formation of Livestock Farmers 44.028 1.1007 and Animal SHG 2 Husbandry Multiple II Gardening & Crop Formation of 49 2.2014 Cropping & Crop Production SHG 3 Husbandry Micro Entrepreneurs & Formation of 66.042 3.3021 Marketing, Skill Petty Trade SHG 4 upgradation & Skill Formulation of Action Formation of Watershed Committee 51 3.3021 development 5 Plan SHG 11.007 Sub Total 246 25
Credit linkage and Formation of Skill upgradation & Rural Artisans 17 0.4127625 Resources UG Management of products 1 mobilization Credit linkage and Skill upgradation Formation of Livestock Farmers 33.021 0.825525 Resources and Animal UG 2 mobilization Husbandry Credit linkage and Multiple Gardening & Crop Formation of IIII 55.035 0.825525 Resources Cropping & Crop Production UG 3 mobilization Husbandry Credit linkage and Formation of Micro Entrepreneurs 41 0.825525 Resources UG Marketing, Skill 4 mobilization upgradation & Skill Credit linkage and Formation of development Petty Trade 35 1.2382875 Resources UG 5 mobilization
Sub Total 181 4.127625
Credit linkage and Skill upgradation & Rural Artisans 0.825525 Resources Federation Management of products 1 17 mobilization Credit linkage and Skill upgradation Livestock Farmers 0.4127625 Resources Federation and Animal 2 41 mobilization Husbandry Credit linkage and Multiple Gardening & Crop IV 2.8893375 Resources Federation Cropping & Crop Production 3 72 mobilization Husbandry Credit linkage and Marketing, Skill Micro Entrepreneurs Resources Federation upgradation & Skill 4 mobilization development Credit linkage and Petty Trade Resources Federation 5 mobilization Sub Total 130 4.127625
Credit linkage and Skill upgradation & V Rural Artisans Resources Management of products 1 mobilization
26 2 Livestock Farmers Credit linkage and Skill upgradation Resources and Animal mobilization Husbandry Credit linkage and Multiple Gardening & Crop Resources Cropping & Crop Production 3 mobilization Husbandry Credit linkage and Micro Entrepreneurs 41 0.825525 Resources Marketing, Skill 4 mobilization upgradation & Skill Credit linkage and development Petty Trade 41 0.825525 Resources 5 mobilization Exit protocol, PIA & Watershed Consolidation of 44.028 1.1007 withdrawal Committee Project 6 mechanism Sub Total 127 2.75175 GRAND TOTAL 811 27.5175
* The PIA of the Project and Watershed Committee concerned will sponsored trainees to KVK, FTC, R-SETI and ITI Saiha as per the rate prescribe by the institution
* PIA & WC are advised to arranged training at their locality for handicapped, old aged, widows etc by engaging trainers.
27
BASIC PROFILE OF THE LOCATION
Location of the watershed
Name of the district Lawngtlai Name of the Mandal/Block Sangau RD Block. Name of the Gram Hmawngbuchhuah, Name of the habitations Hmawngbuchhuah, Kakichhuah, Sabualtlang Panchayat (s) Kakichhuah, Sabualtlang Longitudes 92°46’34” – 92°50’55”E Latitude 22°05’26” – 22°10’29”N Elevation from MSL: Highest elevation in the 988 Lowest elevation 123 Relief/ Height difference (mt) 865 watershed (above MSL) in the watershed (above MSL)
28 Maps of The Project
29 30 31 32 INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND AGREEMENTS
District Level: At the district level, District Watershed Cell & Data Center (DWCDC) headed by a Project Manager has been constituted by the SLNA which will function as per the guidelines issued by Government of India. The Project Manager will be assisted by 3 to 4 Subject Matter Specialists of different discipline like agriculture, water management social Mobilization, preparation of DPR for implementation of watershed management programme in districts treatable area of more than 25,000 ha on the basis of district perspective and strategic plan prepared by DWCDC.
Project Level: At the project level, the PIA is responsible for implementation of IWMP with the help of WDT members of different disciplines. The PIA will be selected by the DWCDC and will be approved by the SNLA on the basis of criteria laid down in the guidelines.
Micro Watershed Level: At the Micro Watershed level, respective Watershed Committees are to be constituted by Gram Sabhas/traditional village councils. The Watershed Committees are directly responsible for implementation of various schemes as per DPR the Micro Watershed with technical guidance of WDT members. The Watershed Committee will take the help of SHGs of the respective Micro-Watershed while implementing the earmarked schemes.
33 SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE PIA
Strength: (1) Dedicated and experienced staff and a multidisciplinary team (2) Independent and well knitted organization. (3) Strong linkages with district and local level institutions (4) Scientific planning in watershed projects with the help of MIRSAC, Aizawl (5) Block level monitoring, coordination & Co-operation Committee
Weakness: (1) No permanent office building within the project area. (2) Project area is located about 2-5 hrs drive from his headquarter. (3) Over burdened with other schemes like, NLUP and the Departments’ Shemes (4) The project area is sparsely populated with bad connectivity
Opportunities: (1) A number of different other development schemes of the government are running; so, there can be horizontal integration and convergence of programmes (2) Better financial provision under IWMP (3) Usage of new ICT tools like GIS, GPS and MIS
Threats: (1) Rainfall is difficult to predict and unreliable in the project area, the activities planned to be taken up may yield limited impact (2) Irregularities in fund flow can derail the smooth functioning (3) Lack of contribution and cooperation from local people (4) Political intervention may hamper the progress.
34
PIA & WATERSHED COMMITTEE DETAILS
Name Line department Address Lawngtlai WDT Members: 1 Lalngaihzuala 2 Freddy Lalrokhuma 3 B.Lalrotluanga
DETAILS OF WATERSHED COMMITTEES: LAWNGTLAI - VII
WATERSHED COMMITTEE Hmawngbuchhuah SL.No Name Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YLA 4 President LWA 5 President MUP
WATERSHED COMMITTEE : Kakichhuah 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YLA 4 President LWA 5 President MUP
WATERSHED COMMITTEE : Sabualtlang SL.No Name Designation 1 President Village Council 2 Members Village Council 3 President YLA 4 President LWA 5 President MUP
35 CONVERGENCE PLAN OF IWMP WITH OTHER SCHEMES
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Funds to be made Was this fund Level at which Names of Departments Sl Name of the available to IWMP included in Rs. Name of activity/ task/ structure to be undertaken with decision for with Schemes No Village due to convergence 15,000 per ha converged funds convergence converging with IWMP (Rs. In lakh) Yes No was taken$
Fund will be ear MG-NREGA marked for this Connectivity to Potential Area purpose during No V/C
formulation of AAP under MG-NREGA. SGSY/NRLM and SHG under SGSY Existing activity will be enhanced with the project fund, Block/Village will be identified, No MKSP SGSY , NRLM and MKSP Fund. level under IWMP 1. Since, the objective of NLUP and IWMP are the same, convergence of the two programmes Hmawngbuchhuah, relating to financial assistance will be as follows:
a) The Unit Cost or assistance per beneficiary
under NLUP will be Rs.1,00,000
approximately. Kakichhuah, 1 (b) Unit Cost or assistance per beneficiary under IWMP is Rs.10950. NLUP WDF & User (c) Beneficiary under IWMP who received one Implementing Sabualtlang charges, Collection NLUP No unit of assistance i.e. Rs.10950 will be Board & SLNA Centre. Selection of assisted with Rs.89050 under NLUP, and Crops. those who received two unit cost of Rs.21900 under IWMP will get 78100 from NLUP. If the beneficiaries under IWMP receive three or more unit cost, the assistance under NLUP will decreases gradually.
(d) The quantum of assistance to be received from the two programmes shall not exceed Rs.100000/- per beneficiary.
36
2. Beneficiaries of NLUP having land in the selected
watershed area will be allowed to enjoy the
facilities provided under IWMP only if the same is
not provided under NLUP. However, to enjoy this
provision, necessary contribution as WDF and
user charges should be contributed by NLUP Watershed Committee beneficiaries. level & Village 3. Provisions provided under NLUP such as Level collection centres of local produces, etc. will be share by beneficiaries under IWMP if the local NLUP Committee agreed to. 4. As far as practicable, the beneficiaries under IWMP will be encouraged to select crops introduced under NLUP to ensure one crop-one village theme.
37
EXPECTED OUTCOMES
Expected Outcomes
Till today, agriculture in Mizoram has been characterized mainly by Jhuming cultivation, unproductive methods of farming, degradation of land due to slash-and-burn practices and wasteful use of land and water. In short, it can be said that agricultural production in the state of Mizoram is very low due to improper management of land and water received by it. With proper training and sensitization efforts under IWMP, it is expected that the community will slowly but surely be persuaded to adopt permanent farming as a viable, sustainable and more profitable alternative to the shifting method of farming. Further, with the implementation of the programme, a significant amount of the run-off rain water will be harvested and utilized to irrigate cultivated land during the dry season and more areas will be brought under multiple cropping to optimize the usage of cultivable land. Although it may be presumptuous to predict a definite figure of growth in production, it is expected that an average increase of up to 10% in agricultural production will be possible if the watershed projects are successfully implemented.
The major outcomes expected are –
i) More natural sources of water lying untapped will be exploited and harnessed for drinking purposes. Also a number of traditional water bodies which are lying in a state of disrepair will be repaired and revived for use by the community.
ii) Rain water which normally runs off during the monsoons will be harvested in reservoirs and used for irrigation during part of the dry season.
iii) Underutilized, unutilized and ill-utilized natural resources will be efficiently utilized for need based production system to enhance productivity and prosperity in rain fed areas. Over 50% of activities in IWMP will be related to improvement of soil conservation measures, rain water harvesting programmes for all round livelihood improvement of these project areas and identifying the potential areas during the participatory rural appraisal exercise.
38 iv) 100% involvement of Gram Panchayats will be a direct and immediate outcome, which, in turn, is expected to translate into a larger community participation in watershed management projects, as well as the creation and maintenance of community assets.
v) Cultivation of high value horticultural crops, such as mushrooms, bird eye chilies, turmeric, ginger, broccoli, etc will be encouraged so as to improve the livelihood of farmers of the project areas.
vi) Increase in the production of floricultural plants such as anthurium, roses, lilium and chrysanthemum which have been explored at an experimental level and found to have tremendous commercial potential in the state.
vii) Revival of existing SHGs formed under SGSY and increasing their income potential under the programme will be thrust area within the project areas.
viii) Professionalisation of skills through capacity building
ix) Rejuvenation of forests and improvement of ecological balance.
x) Reduction in rural-urban migration as a result of permanent farming in rural areas.
xi) Better marketing opportunities through the village haats set up under SGSY.
Overall, these efforts will result in enhancing growth, farm income. Generated employment avenues and reduced poverty of the rural poor and improved productivity of natural resources will have a cascading effect on livelihood and the state’s economy as a whole.
39 EXPECTED /ESTIMATED OUTCOMES
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Sl Name of the Unit of Item Pre – project Status Expected Post-project Status Remarks NO Project measurement Depletion during dry Recharge through afforestation Status of water table Metre season and treatment under IWMP Ground water structure repaired/ - - 59 rejuvenated Impure during rainy Quality of drinking water - Pure after project intervention season Availability of drinking water Scarce Sufficient No irrigation facilities 200 Ha will be irrigated by Increase in irrigation potential Ha tapping streams Jhumming & Single Permanent farming & Change in cropping/ land use pattern cropping double/multiple cropping Area under agriculture crop i) Area under single crop Ha 5000 1700 ii) Area under double crop Ha 250 2355 LAWNGTLAI 1 iii) Area under multiple crop Ha 150 1204 - VII Net increase in crop production area Ha 1000 5260 Increase in area under vegetation Ha 12800 42000 Increase in area under horticulture Ha 10412 13499 Increase in area under fuel & folder Ha 7513 7371 Increase in milk production Ltr/animal/day 1.5 – 2.5 3.5 – 4.5 No.of SHGs Nos 5 28 Increase in no. of livelihoods Families 126 440 Increase in income Per head p.a 21000 42000 Migration Persons/year 10 - SHG Federations formed No - 3 Credit linkage with Banks No - 28 Resource use agreements No - 10 WDF collection & management Rupees - 766500 Summary of lessons learnt Mass-participation in Government programmes ensured success.
40 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
Monitoring and EVALUATION (M & E)
Monitoring and evaluation are two different management tools that are closely related, interactive and mutually supportive. Monitoring and evaluation enable us to assess the quality and impact of our works against our action plan and our strategic plan.
Goals of monitoring:
1. Operational control 2. Quick feedback on project effectiveness 3. Timely alarm signals in the case of significant deviations 4. Ensuring full benefits to the target groups 5. Providing inputs for better design of development interventions, project planning and community mobilization.
Evaluation is the comparison of actual project impacts against the agreed strategic plans.
Goals of evaluation:
1. To assess the impact of the programmes and identify bottlenecks in implementation 2. To improve effectiveness of policies and programmes. At the district level, the DWCDC will have one member exclusively responsible.
For effective monitoring, the role of the SLNA is critical in ensuring the following:-
i) Internal monitoring by project teams (PIA/ DWDC) ii) Progress monitoring iii) GIS / Web based on line monitoring iv) Self monitoring by committees v) Sustainability monitoring vi) Social audits.
There will be a panel of evaluators approved by the SLNA. The evaluators will oversee the physical, financial and social impact of the work done. They should not act as inspectors but as facilitators. However, they will very strict in ensuring that guidelines are being followed. Fund release will depend upon on a favourable report from the evaluators.
Social audits will form an important component of the evaluation system. Social audits will be held once every six months. The minutes of the Social Audits will be compiled by the District Watershed Cell & Data Centre and necessary action will be taken by the DWC&DC and will also be forwarded to the SLNA. The SLNA will hold an assessment meeting subsequent to the submission of every such report, and decide the follow up action that is required to be taken.
41
PLAN AND ESTIMATES FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES
ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF LOW COST DUG OUT POND
1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in – b) Hard soil ½ x 2.80 x 2.80 x 2.78 = 9.73 cum 2.50 x 1.80 x 0.90 = 4.05 cum TOTAL = Rs.13.78 cum
(a) Rs.75.51/cum = Rs.1040.52
2/ 4.02 providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 etc
(a) All works up to foundation and plinth level
2.60 x 1.80 x 0.15 = 0.702 cum
(a) Rs.4270.23 = Rs.2997.70
3/ 6.01 half brick masonry with first class brick above and ground level etc.
(a) In cement mortar 1:3
2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 sqm
TOTAL = 10.32 sqm
(a) Rs.567.99 / sqm = Rs.5861.65
4/ 18.09 12mm cement plaster
2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm cum 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 cum
1 TOTAL = 10.32 sqm
(a) Rs.129.80 = Rs.1339.53
GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11239.40 SAY = Rs.11250.00
( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.
42
ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF PIG STY
1/ 2.08 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc. b) Hard soil
½ x 2.40 x 0.28 x 3.60 = 3.24 cum 6 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.90 = 0.486 cum TOTAL = 3.72 cum
(a) Rs.147.24/ cum = Rs.547.73 cum
2/ 8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round posts and fix in position etc.
6 x 1.50 = 9.00 Rm
(a) Rs.199.44/ Rm = Rs.1794.96
3/ 8.04 providing 2nd class local wood work dressed in frames of sill, upright, batten, post, beams etc. as structural members fixed in position complete.
6 x 0.10 x 0.075 x 1.50 = 0.0675 cum 4 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.054 cum 6 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.054 cum 5 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 4.20 = 0.078 cum 20 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.18 cum 8 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.048 cum
TOTAL = 0.4815 cum
(a) Rs.9885.78/ cum = Rs.4760.00
4/ 14.01 providing CGS sheet roofing fixed with hooks, bolts, nut etc. e) 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating.
4.50 x 3.20 = 14.40 sqm
(a) Rs.287.91/ sqm = Rs.4145.90
GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11248.59 SAY = Rs.11250.00
( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.
43 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF STEEL WIRE MESH FOR CLIMBERS ie –chow chow, grape, passion fruit etc.
1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc. b) Hard soil 20 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.75 = 2.83 cum
(a) Rs.205.02/ cum = Rs. 580.20
2/8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round post and fixed in position.
20 x 1.20 = 24.00 Rm
(a) Rs.199.44/Rm = Rs.4786.56
3. Providing and fixing 4mm dia GI wire, fixed with necessary hooks, nails in position etc complete
30 x 16.00 = 480 Rm 40 x 17.50 = 700.00 Rm
TOTAL = 1180 Rm
(a) Rs.5.00/ Rm = Rs.5900.00
GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11266.76 SAY = Rs. 11250.00
( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only
44 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF TERRACE
Length of terrace = 12.60 metres Width of terrace = 1.20 metres Nos. of terrace = 20 nos.
1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in- b) Hard soil
20 x ½ x1.20 x 0.985 x 12.60 = 148.932
(a) Rs.75.51/cum = Rs.11245.85
SAY = Rs.11280.00
( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred eighty ) only
45 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF CHICKEN SHED
1/ 2.08 Earthwork in excavation in foundation trenches etc b) Hard soil 6 x 0.30 x 0.30 x 0.85 = 0.459 cum ½ x 2.40 x 0.75 x 3.60 = 3.24 cum TOTAL = 3.699 cum
(a) Rs.147.24/ cum = Rs. 544.64 cum
2/ 8.02 supplying and fixing 2nd class straight jungle heart wood round posts and fix in position etc.
6 x 1.50 = 9.00 Rm
(a) Rs.199.44/ Rm = Rs.1794.96
3/8.04 providing 2nd class local wood work dressed in frames of sill, upright, batten, post, beams etc. as structural members fixed in position complete.
6 x 0.10 x 0.075 x 1.50 = 0.0675 cum 8 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.048 cum 20 x 0.050 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.18 cum 4 x 0.75 x 0.050 x 3.60 = 0.054 cum 6 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 2.40 = 0.054 cum 5 x 0.075 x 0.050 x 4.20 = 0.078 cum TOTAL = 0.4815 cum
(a) Rs. 9885.78/ cum = Rs.4760.00
4/14.01 providing CGS sheet roofing fixed with hooks, bolts, nut etc e) 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating
3.20 x 4.50 = 14.40 sqm
(a) Rs.287.91/ sqm = Rs.4145.90
GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11245.13 SAY = Rs.11250.00
( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only.
46 ESTIMATE FOR CONSTRUCTION OF INDIVIDUAL WATER TANK
1/ 2.03 Earthwork in excavation exclusive of compensation of earth in- b) Hard soil ½ x 3.935 x 2.50 x 2.80 = 13.77 cum
(a) Rs.75.51/ cum = Rs.1039.77
2/ 4.02 providing and laying cement concrete 1:2:4 etc. a) all works up to foundation and plinth level
2.60 x 1.80 x 0.15 = 0.702 cum
(a) Rs.4270.23 = Rs.2997.70
3/6.01 half brick masonry with first class brick above and ground level etc. a) In cement mortar 1:3
2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 sqm TOTAL = 10.32 sqm
(a) Rs.567.99/sqm = Rs.5861.65
4/ 18.09 12mm cement plaster
2 x 2.50 x 1.20 = 6.00 sqm cum 2 x 1.80 x 1.20 = 4.32 cum
1 TOTAL = 10.32 sqm
(a) Rs.129.80 = Rs.1339.53
GRAND TOTAL = Rs.11238.66 SAY = Rs.11250.00
( Rupees eleven thousand two hundred fifty ) only
47 DRAWING FOR VARIOUS ACTIVITIES
1. DRAWING FOR GI WIRE MESH FOR CLIMBERS
HEART WOOD POST
30 M
40 M
GI WIRE
48
2. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR PIG STY
SPACE FOR PIC HEART WOOD POST 1.20 X 1.80 2.40 m
3.60m
PLAN
GCI SHEET ROOF
0.90m
1.20 m
1.20 m
0.60 m
0.90 m
FRONT ELEVATION
49
3. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR INDIVIDUAL WATER TANK
1.80 m
BRICK WALL
1.20 m BRICK WALL
2.50 m
50
4. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR CHICKEN SHED
HEART WOOD POST
SPACE FOR CHICKEN 2.40 m
3.60 m
PLAN GCI SHEET ROOFING
1.20 m
0.90 m G.L
0.90 m
FRONT ELEVATION
51
5. DRAWING FOR LOW COST DUG-OUT POND
1.80 m
2.50 m
PLAN
G.L
BRICK WALL 1.20 m
PCC 1:2:4
ELEVATION
52
6. PLAN AND DRAWING FOR TERRACE
TERRACE 1.20 12.60 X 1.20 m
0.30 m
12.60 m
HILL SLOBE
TERRACE
CROSS SECTION
53
MICRO-WATERSHED WORK PLAN FOR ONE CLUSTER AREA UNDER IWMP
I- TIER. RIDGE
AREA AFFORESTATION + REGERATOPM + CONTOUR SUNDS + CONSTRUCTION OF WATER BODIES – TO CHARGE WATER SOURCES
II- TIER Ephemeral HORTICULTURE Streams
CROP AREA become Perenial
SPECIFIED SPACING + WATER SUPPLY WITH CROPS IN TERRACING, HALF MOON TERRACE ETC.
III – TIER AGRICULTURE CROP AREA
AGRICULTURE CROPS, PISCICULTURE WITH REGULAR WATER SOURCES, (MULTIPLE CROPS WILL BE INTRODUCED.)
RIVER / RIVULETS
54 55
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