FM 55-20 FIELD MANUAL m s ^ ; )cJ' M. il ARMY RAIL TRANSPORT OPERATIONS AND UNITS RETURN TO ARMY LIBRARY ROOM 1 A 518 PENTAGON HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE A\R M Y JUNE 1974 1 r il *FM 55-20 FIELD MâNUAL HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY No. 55-20 ! WASHINGTON, D. C., H June 197b ARMY RAIL TRANSPORT OPERATIONS AND UNITS Paragraph Page CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1—1-7 1-1 2. TRANSPORTATION RAILWAY UNITS Section I. General 2-1—2-3 2-1 II. Supervisory and Command Units 2-4—2-6 2-2 III. Maintenance and Operating Units 2-7—2-11 2-9 IV. Transportation Railway Service Teads 2-12, 2-13 2-18 t* A CHAPTER 3. RAILWAY OPERATIONS - 3-1—3-14 3-1 4. OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS IN A THEATER OF OPERATIONS 4-1—4-6 4-1 f » A 5. RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER AGENCIES . 5-1—5-5 5-1 6. RAILWAY MAINTENANCE AND SUPPLY _. 6-1—6-4 6-1 7. RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION 7-1—7-11 7-1 8. RAILWAY ENGINEERING DATA 8-1—8-4 8-1 9. RAILWAY COMMUNICATIONS DATA 9-1—9-5 9-1 10. RAILWAY AUTOMATIC DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM ; 10-1, 10-2 10-1 11. RAILWAY SECURITY 11-1—11-7 11-7 12. PLANNING Section I. General - 12-1, 12-2 12-1 II. Railway Line Capacity Planning 12-3—12-15 12-1 III. Railway Yard Capacity Determination 12-16—12-19 12-4 IV. Railway Equipment Requirements 12-20—12-23 12-6 V. Railway Personnel and Unit Requirements 12-24—12-27 12-8 VI. Railway Supply Requirements 12-28—12-31 12-9 APPENDIX A. REFERENCES - A-l B. RAILWAY PLANNING EXAMPLE - B-l C. STATISTICS FOR USE. IN RAILWAY PLANNING - C-l D. STABILITY OPERATIONS ! D-l E. CONVERSION FACTORS E-l F. STANAG 2079, REAR AREA SECURITY AND REAR AREA DAMAGE CONTROL F-l G. STANAG 2113, DESTRUCTION OF MILITARY TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT G-l H. STANAG 2153, PARALLEL MARKING OF SPECIAL FLAT WAGONS AND HEAVY MILITARY VEHICLES AND MILITARY VEHICLES USING OR ABLE TO USE THE P.P.I. GAUGE H-l I. STANAG 2156, TRANSPORT REQUEST AND REPLY TO TRANSPORT REQUEST 1-1 J. STANAG 2158, IDENTIFICATION OF MILI- TARY TRAINS J-l K. STANAG 2165, FORECAST MOVEMENT RE- QUIREMENTS—RAIL, ROAD, AND IN- LAND WATERWAYS K-l L. STANAG 2171, PROCEDURES FOR MILITARY TRAINS CROSSING FRONTIERS : L-l ~$r\j/This manual supersedes FM 55-20, 19 February 1969. i FM 55-20 Paragraph Page APPENDIX M. STANAG 2172, CLASSIFICATION AND MARKING OF ORDINARY FLAT WAGONS USED FOR THE TRANSPORT OF MILI- TARY VEHICLES M-l N. STANAG -2805-E, ANNEX B, CLASSIFICA- TION OF RESTRICTIONS AFFECTING THE MOVEMENT OF CERTAIN MILITARY EQUIPMENT BY LAND ON CONTI- NENTAL WESTERN EUROPE N-l INDEX Index-1 if m SB-2© CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1. Purpose should be prepared using DA Form 2028 (Re- This manual provides a general reference for commended Changes to Publications) and for- military personnel of the transportation railway warded direct to the Commandant, US Army service (TRS) in a theater of operations. It also Transportation School (ATTN : ATSP-CTD-DT), provides basic information for commanders and Fort Eustis, Virginia 23604. Originators of pro- staffs of supporting units and for staff officers of posed changes or additions to the manual that may higher headquarters. It is intended to serve as constitute a significant modification of approved a textbook for the instruction of students and Army doctrine may send an information copy the training of unit personnel in railway opera- through command channels to the Commander, tions, based on the administrative support, theater US Army Training and Doctrine Command, Fort army (TASTA-70) doctrinal concepts Monroe, Virginia 23651, to facilitare review and followup. 1-2. Scope 1-4. International Standardization a. This manual discusses principles and pro- Agreements cedures of train operations on a typical military This manual is in consonance with certain in- railway division of 90 to 150 miles (approximately ternational standardization agreements which 1145 to 241 kilometers). It must be considered as are identified by type and agreement identifica- P guide only since equipment, terrain, weather, tion number at the beginning of each appropriate and operating conditions vary widely in differ- chapter in the manual. ent parts of the world. References are made to publications which describe organizations and pro- a. DA Pamphlet 310-35, Index of International cedures in detail. Standardization Agreements, lists all standard- ization agreements, both of a materiel and a non- b. International agreements (STANAG, SEA- materiel nature, binding upon the United States. STAG, SOLOG, OSTAG, etc.) that apply to rail The several types of nonmateriel agreements ap- transportation services in a theater of operations plicable to military operations which may affect are discussed in paragraph 1-4. rail transport operations are as follows : c. This manual is applicable to— (1) STANAG (STANdardization AGree- (1) General war, to include consideration of ment): Applicable to the nations of the North employment of and protection from nuclear and Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). chemical weapons and protection from enemy use (2) CENTO STANAG (STANdardization of biological agents or weapons. AGreement): Applicable to nations of the Cen- (2) Limited war. tral Treaty Organization (CENTO). (3) SEASTAG (South East Asia STandard- (3) Cold war, to include stability operations. ization AGreement) : Applicable to nations of the South East Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO). 1-3. Recommended Changes (4) SOLOG (Standardization of Opera- Users of this publication are encouraged to re- tions and LOGistics) : A nonmateriel agreement commend changes and submit comments for its among the armies of the United States, the United improvement. Comments should be keyed to the Kingdom, Canada, and Australia (the ABCA na- specific page, paragraph, and line of the text in tions). The term SOLOG now applies only to those fc^hich the change is recommended. Reasons will nonmateriel agreements which were ratified and ^e provided for each comment to insure under- published before 20 September 1967 (see standing and complete evaluation. Comments QSTAG, (5) below). 1-1 FM 55-20 (5) QSTAG (Quadripartite STandardiza- d. Although standardization agreements do not tion AGreement): Materiel and nonmateriel apply to military operations in the continental agreements among the armies of the ABCA na- United States (CONUS), those which may con^^^ tions. The term QSTAG was adopted on 20 cern a unit—in this case, those with a rail trans^^H September 1967 and applies to all ABCA agree- port impact—must be considered in training and ments (formerly designated as SOLOG) ratified operational phases to permit military personnel and published subsequent to that date (see SOL- to become acquainted with their provisions. This OG, (4) above). is particularly true for units or groups of person- nel earmarked for oversea assignment. b. US military operations are governed by these various agreements when US forces are em- e. To minimize operational differences in the ployed within the geographical areas over which various types of standardization agreements of the treaty organizations exercise jurisdiction; thus several treaty organizations, it is practice for j> while operating in a European country which one organization to accept and publish under its T is a member of NATO, US forces comply with auspices an agreement that has been ratified and the provisions of applicable STANAG (a(l) published by another treaty organization. For above). instance, all or any part of a STANAG may be c. In a number of instances the provisions of adopted by the SEATO organization and be in- certain agreements have been accepted as doctrine corporated into and published as a SEASTAG. by the United States and incorporated into ap- When this occurs, each organization uses the same propriate training and field manuals. A prime agreement identification number wherever feasi- example of this is the use of the metric system ble (DA Pam 310-35). to indicate distances. This accepted and published doctrine then becomes applicable to Armywide /. Standardization agreements which are ap- operations. plicable to this manual are as follows : NATO CENTO SEATO Title STANAG STANAG SEASTAG Rear Area Security and Rear Area Damage Control 2079 2079 2079 (2nd Ed) (2nd Ed) Destruction of Military Technical Equipment 2113 2113 Parallel Marking of Special Flat Wagons and Heavy Military Vehicles and Military Vehicles Using or Able to Use the P.P.I. Gauge 2153 2153 Transport Request and Reply to Transport Request 2156 2156 Identification of Military Trains 2158 2158 (2nd Ed) Forecast Movement Requirements, Rail, Road and Inland Waterways 2165 Procedures for Military Trains Crossing Frontiers 2171 Classification and Marking of Ordinary Flat Wagons Used for the Transport of Military Vehicles 2172 J Classification of Restrictions Affecting the Movement of Certain 2805-E, Military Equipment by Land on Continental Western Europe Annex B g. In the ratification of international agree- servation is appropriately marked (w/reserva- ments, a part or parts of an agreement may be tion) and the text of the reservation is appended nonacceptable to one or more of the participating as an annex to the details of agreement as con- nations. If so, a nation may accept the general tained in this manual. terms of the agreement, reserving ratification of the particular part(s) with which it does not agree and with which it will not conform. This 1—5. Transportation Railway Service in a reservation action is noted in the allied docu- Theater of Operations ments to the agreement and becomes a matter of a. The railway service is the overall organiza-, the agreement record. Any agreement applicable to tion of railway units assigned or attached to th4 this text to which the United States takes re- senior transportation organization—normally a 1-2 FM 55-20 transportation command, theater army support civilian railway personnel under direct military command (TASCOM).