Mining Community Benefits in Ghana: A Case of Unrealized Potential Andy Hira and James Busumtwi-Sam, Simon Fraser University
[email protected],
[email protected], A project funded by the Canadian International Resources and Development Institute1 December 18, 2018 1 All opinions are those of the authors alone TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements List of Abbreviations Map of Ghana showing location of Mining Communities Map of Ghana showing major Gold Belts Executive Summary ……………………………………………………………………. 1 Chapter 1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………….... 4 1.1 Overview of the Study………………………………………………………… 4 1.2 Research Methods and Data Collection Activities …………………………… 5 Part 1 Political Economy of Mining in Ghana …………………………... 7 Chapter 2 Ghana’s Political Economy………………………………………………... 7 2.1 Society & Economy …………………………………………………………… 7 2.2 Modern History & Governance ……………………………………………….. 8 2.3 Governance in the Fourth Republic (1993-2018) ……………………………... 9 Chapter 3 Mining in Ghana ……………………………………………………………12 3.1 Overview of Mining in Ghana ……………………….……………………...... 13 3.2 Mining Governance…………………………………………………………… 13 3.3 The Mining Fiscal Regime …………………………………………………… 17 3.4 Distribution of Mining Revenues …………………………………………….. 18 Part 2 Literature Review: Issues in Mining Governance ……………... 21 Chapter 4 Monitoring and Evaluation of Community Benefit Agreements …… 21 4.1 Community Benefit Agreements (CBA) ……………………………………… 20 4.2 How Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) Can Help to Improve CBAs ……….. 29 Chapter 5 Key Governance Issues in Ghana’s Mining Sector ……………………. 34 5.1 Coherence in Mining Policies & Laws/Regulations …………………………... 34 5.2 Mining Revenue Collection …………………………………………………… 35 5.3 Distribution & Use of Mining Revenues ………………………………………. 36 5.4 Mining Governance Capacity ………………………………………………….. 37 5.5 Mining and Human Rights ……………………………………………………... 38 5.6 Artisanal & Small Scale Mining and Youth Employment ……………………...39 5.7 Other Key Issues: Women in Mining, Privatization of Public Services, Land Resettlement, Environmental Degradation …………………………………….