LEADING CHARACTER’S SOCIOPATHIC BEHAVIOUR IN

FLYNN’S GONE GIRL

A THESIS

BY

INTANTA A. MANURUNG

REG. NO 130705094

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN 2017

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Universitas Sumatera Utara

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Universitas Sumatera Utara AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, INTANTA A. MANURUNG, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHER FOR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOLEDGEMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed:

Date: October 10th, 2017

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Universitas Sumatera Utara COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : INTANTA A. MANURUNG

TITLE OF THESIS : LEADING CHARACTER’S SOCIOPATHIC

BEHAVIOUR IN FLYNN’S GONE GIRL

QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR

REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES,

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT

USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW

OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

Date : October10th, 2017

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Universitas Sumatera Utara ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Praise and great gratitude submitted to Almighty God, Jesus Christ who always gives his gracious mercy and tremendous blessing that has helped me finishing this thesis entitled: Leading Character‘s Sociopathic Behaviour of Flynn‘s

Gone Girl. I do realize that I will not be able to finish this thesis without help, encouragement and advice from people around me.

I would like to thank to all of those who have given the contribution so that this thesis can be finished. I would like to deliver my greatest gratitude and appreciation to all those incredible people.

1. My beloved parents, the reasons behind all good things that I do in my

life, Gomal Manurung, S.H, and Bina Gunari Tobing, S.H, S.Pd.K. They

always give me pray, encourage, love, spirit, motivation and patience

during finishing this thesis and waiting for my graduation. Thank you so

much for everything.

2. My dearest brother Syaloom Haholongan Manurung. Friend to fight,

argue, and share the precious moments with. Thanks for becoming my

motivation in finishing this study on time. You are definitely the best

brother that I have.

3. All my big family, especially Opung Tobing dan Opung Boru ,Tua Selly

who is always care to me while I‘m away from my parents. Thank you for

your love, all the encouragements, advices that you have been giving to

me. Such a blessing to have a family like you all.

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Universitas Sumatera Utara 4. Dr. Drs. Budi Agustono, M.S., as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies;

Dr. Deliana, M.Hum, as the Head of Department of English; Rahmadsyah

Rangkuti, M.A, Ph.D. as the Secretary of Department of English, for the

help suggestion, guidance, solutions and supports related to complete this

thesis and other administrative supports.

5. Dr. Siti Norma Nasution, M.Hum, as my Supervisor and Dra. Diah

Rahayu Pratama, M.Pd. as my Co-supervisor who had guided and

assisted me in writing and finishing the thesis. Thanks for your good

advice and valuable input.

6. Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A, as my academic supervisor whom I always

ask for advice and suggestion during my academic years.

7. All the lectures and staff of Department of English who have shared their

excessive and valuable knowledge and their contribution during my

academic years. And thanks for the best admin Bang Kibot for helping to

prepare all the things and documents for finishing this thesis.

8. My beloved friends Fathiyah Zubaidi, Oryza Savitri Lubis, Tria

Kemuning, Geraldi Tarigan, M. Rezy Anugerah, Agung Perdana Putra,

Randy Utama Siregar (SHAUTIEN). Thanks for all the memories we

have shared, the laughter, ―joker‖, support and help. I really appreciate it

and I will always keep that in my mind.

9. All members of English Literature B 2013, thanks for being such a great

companion and my history during study in Department of English.

10. To all my senior especially Bang Aldi ‗kibo‘ for giving me advice and

helping me during finishing this thesis; my favorite junior Dwi, Oliv,

Zura, and Lovely thanks for the moment we shared, the laughter and the

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Universitas Sumatera Utara ‗gibah‘, thanks for being such a good friend; Lalak and Onyak the member of ―Hipertensi‖ gang; my little sister Christine Hutahaean, thank you for always sticking around even I could be so annoying some times and all the memories we shared together; my beloved yet so annoying sister Kak Dava, thanks for being so kind, and being ‗my almost 24 hours friend‘.

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Universitas Sumatera Utara ABSTRACT

This thesis entitles “Leading Character’s Sociopathic Behaviour in Flynn’s Gone Girl”. This thesis discusses about the characteristics of a sociopath and the causes of that sociopathic personality. There are two problems that focused in this thesis; the sociopathic syndrome of leading character and the impact of her sociopathic to people around her. The characteristics and the causes of sociopathic personality are portrayed through the leading character of Gone Girl novel by Gillian Flynn. Amy Elliot Dunne as the leading character in Gone Girl novel is portrayed as the frigid heart that planned hear own death purposely to make her husband get arrested upon her death accusation. The method of research that is used in this thesis is qualitative method. Gone Girl novel by Gillian Flynn is the primary source of data by using extrinsic approach and psychological theory. Psychological theory that is used in this thesis is the psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud. The purposes of this thesis are to analyze and to prove that characteristic of sociopathic personality are portrayed through Amy Elliot Dunne and to look back the causes of Amy Elliot Dunne‘s sociopathic personality so can be understood the psychological problem which is often adopted as the motif of literary work. From this research it is found that Amy Elliot Dunne is a person with sociopathic behaviour that portrayed through her behaviour such as lying, manipulating even killing other. The impacts of her sociopathic syndrome is shown by her hostility and cheated.

Keyword: Novel Gone Girl, psychology, sociopathic behaviour, social impact.

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ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul“Leading Character’s Sociopathic Behaviour in Flynn’s Gone Girl”. Skripsi ini membahas tentang karakteristik seorang sosiopat dan penyebab seseorang menjadi sosiopat. Skripsi ini berfokus pada dua masalah yaitu perilaku sosiopat karakter utama dan dampak dari perilaku sosiopatnya terhadap orang-orang disekitarnya. Karakteristik dan penyebab seseorang menjadi sosiopat tergambar dalam diri karakter utama dalam novel Gone Girl karya Gillian Flynn. Amy Elliot Dunne sebagai karakter utama dan novel Gone Girl digambarkan sebagai seorang sosiopat berhati dingin yang merencanakan manipulasi atas kematiannya sendiri dengan tujuan agar suaminya ditangkap atas tuduhan pembunuhan atas dirinya. Metode yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini adalah metode kualitatif. Novel Gone Girl karya Gillian Flynn menjadi sumber utama dengan menggunakan pendekatan ekstrinsik dan teori psikologi. Teori psikologi yang digunakan sebagai landasan skripsi ini adalah teori psikoanalitik oleh Sigmund Freud. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa dan membuktikan bahwa karakteristik seorang sosiopat terefleksikan dalam diri Amy Elliot Dunne dan untuk menelurusi penyebab Amy Elliot Dunne menjadi sosiopat sehingga dapat dipahami masalah psikologis yang diangkat menjadi motif dalam sebuah karya sastra. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa Amy Elliot Dunne adalah seseorang dengan perilaku sosiopat yang tergambar dari perilakunya yaitu berbohong, memanipulasi hingga membunuh. Dampak dari perilaku sosiopat Amy dapat dilihat dari permusuhan dan kebohongannya.

Kata kunci: Novel Gone Girl, psikologi, perilaku sosiopat, dampak sosial.

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Universitas Sumatera Utara TABLE OF CONTENT

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... v COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ...... vi ACKNOWLEDGMENT ...... vii ABSTRACT ...... x ABSTRAK ...... xi TABLE OF CONTENT ...... xii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of The Study...... 1 1.2.Problems of The Study ...... 5 1.3. Objective of The Study...... 6 1.4. Scope of The Study ...... 6 1.5. Significance of The Study ...... 6 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1. Literature and Psychology ...... 8 2.2. Character ...... 11 2.3. Sociopathic ...... 13 2.3.1. Kind of Sociopath ...... 16 2.3.2. Characteristic of Sociopath ...... 18 2.3.3. Causative Factor of Sociopath………………………………20 2.4. Review of Related Studies…………………………………….21 CHAPTER III: METHOD OF THE STUDY 3.1. Source Data and Data ...... 22 3.2. Data Collecting Procedure ...... 22 3.3. Data Analysis Procedure ...... 23 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1. Amy‘s Sociopathic Behaviour ...... 24 4.1.1. Alienated Type...... 24 4.1.1.a. Cheating ...... 24 4.1.1.b. Hostile ...... 27 4.2. The Impacts of Amy‘s Sociopathic Behaviour………………..31 4.2.1. Manipulating ...... 32

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Universitas Sumatera Utara 4.2.2. Breaking the Law ...... 34 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion ...... 37 5.2. Suggestion...... 38 REFERENCES ...... 39 APPENDIXES i. Author‘s Biography and Works ii. Summary of The Novel

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

―Love is the world's infinite mutability; lies, hatred, murder even, are all knit up in it; it is the inevitable blossoming of its opposites, a magnificent rose smelling faintly of blood.‖ ― Tony Kushner, The Illusion

This word created by Tony Kushner from his play ―The Illusion” in 1988 to remind us that sometimes love is not a something beautiful. Love can change became hatred because somebody get hurt when he/she fall in love. Love can make jealousy and love can create conflict. Love is the world‘s infinite mutability, yes it is right because you can change someone that you love, and you can change your feeling after you‘re already falling in love with the wrong person. You can change your feeling because the one you love cheating behind you and suddenly you can be the one who can do anything to revenge the hurt you get before.

Love can cause someone to lie, because some people think lying is a better way to make someone they loved became happier. But you don‘t know if someone you loved will get more hurts if they know the truth. And when they know about it, so the hatred born and slowly grow bigger and stronger. Basically nobody born as a murder, but when the hatred grow stronger because somebody feel hurt so much, they can gone wild and think irrational to revenge their heartache.

Basically, sociopath is the type of mental disorder caused by neighborhood factor. There is no one born in sociopath, because sociopath often causes by traumatic because of sexual harassment, emotional violence, physic violence,

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hijacking and the relationship between antisocial peoples. The sociopath usually can‘t control and express their anger and their aggravation, easy to get angry and threaten when they faced unsafe condition for them and they tend to use a threat, an aggression and verbal violence.

The sociopath is the people who showed antisocial behaviour especially be marked with the less empathy for other people, combined with abnormal behaviour and disability to adjust them self with people norms. Another characteristic that showed by the sociopath is stealing, lying, the less of regret to other people and to living things, the not responsible behaviour, impulsive behaviour, the abuse of alcohol and drugs, breaking the law, breaking other people‘s rights and many more.

People with sociopathic behaviour tend to be attractive, displayed the manipulated behaviour to people around them and the sociopath often take control for everything and all people around them. Although there is no one born with this disease, the personality disorder of sociopath involve the history of persistent antisocial behaviour during the childhood before 15 years old and if there is no treated, this personality disorder can be continued until maturity.

The sociopath has the similarity with psychopath but have the differences in some point. Both of this mental disorder can changed into extremist if they feel unsatisfied during their action. The psychopath and the sociopath people will kill anyone without feeling guilty because both of these grow with regardless feeling.

Both of this disease can cause a dangerous situation around us. And because of them grow without regardless, usually they act with play safe and clean hand. It‘s hard for us to sniff out the traces of their crimes.

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Cybermen, The Colorado Tragedy, and the Sociopath, this blog is Anne R.

Allen‘s blog. In this blog Anne talk about the gunman at the screening of The Dark

Knight Rises on Thursday night who killed some people. True sociopath doesn‘t mind being seen as evil, they‘re usually pretty proud of it. It‘s important to remember we judge others by what we know. A kind of truthful person expects kindness and truth from others, a manipulator sees deviousness behind every smile, and a sociopath will project the contents of his own damaged soul onto the entire population.

Novel is one of literary work, which has some important element; character and plot. In this thesis, the writer wants to analyze about Amy‘s sociopathic behaviour as the leading character based on the novel and the plot inside. In this case, the writer tends to take the definition of character from Robert Stanton to support this analysis. Stanton (1965:33) said that actually character in term of literature consist two understanding. First, character is human or maybe non-human, and the second, character refers to the moral qualities of the human or non-human in fiction including its attitude, emotion, and characteristic.

Plot is the whole sequence of events that are related to each other in the story. Generally, plot has a convention structures: exposition, raising action, conflict, climax, falling action and resolution. (Charter 1987: 136-137)

Just like Amy Elliot Dune, the leading character of Gillian Flynn‘s novel

Gone Girl. Nick and Amy Dunne are a couple living in a small town in Missouri.

Nick calls the authorities when she goes missing but something is off about his behaviour. Is he hiding something? Is he sad or distraught enough? While the police continue their investigation, Nick is battling media frenzy and the people who

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believe his innocence is dwindling by the minute. Amy will show us how the sociopath works. Amy Elliot Dune makes her own drama of her death. She makes it because she wanted her husband get arrested. She wants to make sure to peoples that her husband is the killer and she makes an organizing great escape. Everything has been planned, her action was so clear, it makes the police and many of people blame his husband, Nick Dune.

Gillian Schieber Flynn is an American author, screenwriter, comic book writer and former television critic for Entertainment Weekly. Born on February 24,

1971 and she has three published novels are the thrillers Sharp Objects, Dark Place, and Gone Girl, the latter of which she adapted for the screen in the 2014 film of the same name directed by David Fincher. Flynn was born in Kansas City, Missouri and raised in midtown Kansas City‘s Coleman Highlands neighborhood. She received her undergraduate degrees in English and journalism at the University of Kansas and then she spent two years in California writing for a trade magazine for human resources professionals before moving to Chicago and attending Northwestern

University for a master‘s degree at its Medill School of Journalism in 1997.

Novel also is a kind of literary work that can apply psychological theory.

Novel is fictional narratives representing a way of life or an experience so characters in novel are adopted from people in real life. The author applies psychological laws in creating characters of this novel. So, psychology can enter into literature by the study of creative process, and also the study of effects of literature upon its reader that can be analyzed by using extrinsic approach.

One of the most psychology of literature theories to approach literary work is psychoanalytic theory by Sigmund Freud. According to Sigmund Freud, personality

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is composed by three elements: id, ego, and superego. Id includes instinctive and primitive behaviour as the source of all psychic energy. It is based on pleasure principle which strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and need.

Ego controls Id to aware about real world. While superego is the aspect of personality that holds entire moral standards and ideals that people acquire from families and societies. When ego and superego can‘t control influence of a bad daily treatment by someone, id will take control of entire mental and behaviour to be impulsive and cruel as happens on the leading character of novel Gone Girl who cannot control her id because of the influence of her bad daily treatment by her husband, so she planned a very unexpected great escape to make all people think that her husband has killed her.

In this study, the writer wants to explain the literature, in this case of novel, can show the abnormal psychology phenomena that happen in the society. The author of Gone Girl applies the principles of psychology in creating the leading character of this novel. He can depict the process when a very bad experience in life makes the personality of someone changes into sociopathic personality and adopts it as the motif of novel and becomes the part of literature.

1.2 Problems of the Study

Based on explanation of the background of the study above, these are some problems that have been formulated as follows:

1. How does Amy‘s sociopathic behaviour express in Gone Girl?

2. What are the impacts of Amy‘s sociopathic behaviour in Gone Girl?

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1.3 Objectives of the Study

Dealing with the problems above, this thesis tries to find out the answer of those questions, they are:

1. To find out how Amy‘s sociopathic behaviour express in Gone Girl.

2. To find out the impacts of Amy‘s sociopathic behaviour in Gone Girl.

1.4 Scope of the Study

An analysis should have limitation in order to make the analysis focused on the topic of the discussion. The analysis is focused on the sociopathic behaviour of

Amy as the leading character of novel Gone Girl. Based on David T. Lykken theory, one of many kinds of sociopath is alienated type that happened to Amy. The characteristics of sociopath such as; having a big ego, charismatic, very intelligent but manipulative, care about no one and constantly breaking the law. This analysis also concerns about the impacts of Amy‘s sociopathic behaviour that tends to be explosive manner that leads to murder.

1.5 Significance of the Study

This thesis provides some signification of the study, they are:

1. To help the readers who are interested in analyzing the literary works,

especially in analyzing novels.

2. As the reference in literature, especially about analyzing the character from a

novel.

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3. This thesis could be used for the scientific research dealing with the

discussion about sociopath and the impact of sociopath which reflected in

literary works.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 Literature and Psychology

In analyzing literary work, such as novel, we need to apply some approaches in case of getting the better ideas for understanding of how to analyze this literary work. These approaches can be applied to analyze a literary work from inside, outside, or from the both sides of aspects of literary work itself. In this case, the writer applies extrinsic approach to analyze the novel from outside of the text. The novel of Gone Girl is bringing sociopath as its main topic brings the analysis of the novel to psychological approach as well as extrinsic approach.

Richard Taylor (1981:1) said that literature is essentially an imaginative act that is an act of the writer‘s imagination in selecting, ordering, and interpreting life experience. Literature also refers to composition that tells stories, dramatize situation, express emotion and analyze advocates ideas. In enables us for recognizing human dreams and struggles in different places and times that we would never otherwise know. It provides the comparative basis from which we can see the worthiness in the aims of all peoples, and help us to see the beauty in the world around us. It also exercises emotions though interest, concern, tension, excitement, hope, fear, regret, laughter, and sympathy.

Psychology is the study of behaviour and mental process, primarily among humans. Human behaviours and mental process are nothing less than the substance of our lives, actions, though, attitudes, moods, even hope and dreams.

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Rathus (2007:4) explains about psychology. He says that:

―Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental process. Topics of interest to psychologist include the nervous system, sensation and perception, learning and memory intelligence, language, thought, growth of a development, personality, stress and health, psychological disorder, way of treating those disorders, sexual behavior, and the behavior of people in social setting such as groups and organizations‖ Like other science psychology has its own goals. Its goals are to understand behaviour and mental process. In psychology, psychologist observes and records how people relate one to another and to environment. They also have learned much that they can help people to fulfil their potential as human being and increase understanding between individuals, groups, nations, and culture.

The object of psychology and literature is human being. Both of this science studies about human behaviour or character and human development. Literature consists of the psychology of the character who conducts a story while everything that relates to the characters such as attitudes or behaviour and normality are part of psychology. Psychology of literature is a study of literature which is value a works as a psyche activity. The writer uses his feeling and emotion in his work. It also happens to the readers, they will use their feeling and emotion in reading the literary works because it is coming from the experience of the writer himself and the experience from other people (Wellek and Warren, 1956:81-92)

Guerin, L. Wilfred in his book entitled A Handbook of Critical Approached to Literature: Second Edition (1979:122) states that human mind in human personality as character can be approach by using the psychoanalytic theory by

Sigmund Freud which explains about the difference about personality. Personality

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refers to those characteristics of the person that account for consistent pattern of feeling, thinking, and behaviour.

Freud‘s personality concept consists of three main system, they are id, ego and superego. Id is the component of personality that presents from birth and it is entirely unconscious. It includes instinctive and primitive behaviour as the source of all psychic energy. Id based on pleasure principle which strives for gratification of all desires, wants, and needs without caring the reality. Ego is based on the reality principle and it understands that desires and needs can‘t always be fulfilled. Ego controls Id to aware about the real world. The, Superego is the aspect of personality that holds entire moral standards and the ideals that people acquire from families and societies.

A healthy personality should be able to balance three systems in it. People who are too controlled by the id appear the impulsive and have a selfish desire.

People who are controlled by the ego is weak, they can‘t balance the needs with personal desires with social duties of realistic. People who are controlled by the superego appear stiff, to cling to morality, and love to rule others.

Koswara (1986:117) said that Abraham H. Maslow has the different opinion of Freud‘s theory; he said that human being is basically good or rather neutral.

According to the humanity perspective, evil or destructive forces that exist in humans is the result of bad environment and it is not innate.

When desires denied, a bad daily treatment by someone she hopes treating she well, the influence of environment, etc. are not able to be controlled by ego and superego, the failure of a person will be happened. Like what was happened to Amy,

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she planned her own death and made as like her husband killed her, she tortured and killed Colling; her victim. Colling is a man who wants her as long her life; she did it because she can‘t control her id. Freud theory assumes that basically people have an evil character. Human impulses, if not controlled, will aim for destruction of another human being, and also the destruction of his own.

This thesis will discuss about the characters as the element of psychology, focusing on the Sociopath and the characteristic of sociopath itself which is somehow developed the character‘s personality. These reading materials like Theory of Literature by Rene Wellek and Austin Warren and The Sociopath Next Door, by

Martha Stout, Ph.D have become the basis of this analyzing and writing this thesis.

Also, the Teori-teori Kepribadian by Koswara and Psikologi Edisi Kesembilan by

Carol Wade and Carole Travis help the writer understanding the term and the description of Sociopath itself.

2.2 Character

Character can be defined as people created by playwright, and imagined by the audiences. They must fiction and non-fiction. The characters usually presented by description and through their action; speech, and thoughts. A well-developed character is one that has been thoroughly characterized, with many traits shown in narrative. Character development is very important in character-driven literature, where stories focus not on events, but on individual personalities.

Kennedy (1991:47) said that character is an imagined person who is exists in the story. However, characters in novel have been specially created by the author.

Characterization is the author‘s ways of describing his characters in a literary work

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or author‘s mean of differencing one character to another. Characters are closely related to the plot because character means action, while the action from the plot of literary work. An author may show the characters in two general ways, they are: (1) directly, telling his reader the characters‘ qualities, and (2) through action, that shows the characters‘ deeds by which characters may be revealed.

There are some characters that viewed from the role aspect and the importance level of characters in a story, they are:

a. Major Characters

Round character is a character with complex and many-sided moral qualities

and personal traits. Round characters can be classified into two kinds of

characters; protagonist and antagonist. Protagonist is the central character in

the story, whereas, antagonist is the force in the story that is a conflict with

protagonist.

b. Minor Character

A flat character is a minor character in a work or fiction that does not undergo

substantial change or growth in the course of a story. Flat character has only

one or two distinguishing moral qualities or personal traits. The characters

play a supporting role to the major or main character that, as a rule should be

round.

Through the explanation about the character above, the character of Amy is

the type of major character, especially round character because the portrayal

of her character is described with more detail and complex though the whole

story of the novel. Her thoughts, feelings, actions, and attitudes are changed

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and also her response takes us by surprise. Amy becomes a cruel person when

she plans her own death and tortures their victim to support her plans but for

a while she also can become a very nice and sweet girl.

2.3 Sociopathic

Sociological phenomenon can be adapted as motif of literary work. There are so many sociological phenomena as motifs in novel. Sociopath as one kind of mental disorder often appears as motifs of novel. Psychopath is one of disorders related by their associations with criminal behaviour. Psychopathy is characterized by a variety of affective and behavioral traits, such as impulsivity, lack of remorse or empathy, and irresponsibility.

―…abnormal personalities who either suffer personally because of their abnormality or make a community suffer for it‖ (Schneider, 1923) In Ephraim Rosen‘s book, abnormal psychology second edition explained that the causes of sociopath are the genetic factor and environment. A child that lives in a family that one of his or her parents has a tendency of mental illness is easier to get this disorder. But a sociopath can be also born into a normal and loving family.

They are also the products of parental neglect, fatherless homes and illegitimacy.

Sociopath is one of antisocial personality disorder characterized by a lack of regard for the moral or legal standards in the local culture. There is a marked inability to get along with others or abide by societal rules. Individuals with sociopathic personality having a mental condition in which a person consistently shows no regard for right and wrong and ignores the rights and feelings of others.

They often violate the law, becoming criminals. They may lie, behave violently or impulsively, and have problems with drug and alcohol use. Because of these

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characteristics, people with this disorder typically can't fulfill responsibilities related to family, work or school. People with antisocial personality disorder tend to antagonize, manipulate or treat others harshly or with callous indifference. They show no guilt or remorse for their behaviour. Sociopaths can be very charismatic, in fact, and attract a group of followers who may commit deviant acts in the name of the sociopath leader, or at the leader‘s behest.

In some cases, therefore, the total level of harm to society is increased exponentially through the sociopath exerting his/her influence over desperate or vulnerable individuals. This is why, from a criminological perspective, it is important to understand the possible ramifications of deviant sociopathic behaviour, not just as it affects the individual perpetrating it and/or his/her victims, but also in terms of how it affects those whom the sociopath has recruited. There are few times that a,

―Sociopath would actually appear to be devoid of emotion. Such persons are calculated enough to understand that they need to emote in the right ways to get what they want. While a subtle person‘s personality is grounded, a sociopath is a social chameleon, changing effortlessly into whatever form suits their needs. A sociopath sees the world only in terms of superficial appearances‖ (Myth, 2011). This deviant personality also tends to see the world in a very selfish way.

Hervey Cleckley (1941:32), in The Mask of Sanity, which he later revised four different times. This book played an important role in the history of

Psychopathy. In his book, Cleckley, a professor of psychiatry and neurology at the

Medical College of Georgia, catalogued the disorder in a unique fashion. He offered vignette case studies relating the stories of a variety of individuals he identified as psychopaths. Through these case studies as well as other chapters describing how psychopaths may look in the guise of everyday people, he defined the traits he felt

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typified the psychopath. Cleckley characterized the psychopath as lacking the restraining effect of conscience and empathic concern for other people. He attributed this lack of restraint not to a lack of socializing experiences, however, but due to a psycho logical abnormality that makes socialization difficult for the psychopath. He went on to say that the psychopath does not correctly learn the moral attitudes and inhibitions of behaviour that most individuals learn. Cleckley likened this to semantic aphasia, a condition that sometimes occurs in patients with a brain injury where they are able to speak coherently, yet seem incapable of comprehending the meaning of their own words.

One of the most striking characters of the sociopaths typical is their charm.

They are talking well, give the impression of being alert and clean-headed, know how to employ their skills to manipulate other people, and how to ingratiate themselves by entertaining people with exciting account of their exploits.

Dr. Robert D. Hare, in his book Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopath among Us who has made extensive studies of people with psychopathic personalities told that the sociopaths are lying all the time and they do not see this behaviour as a wrong. Their quest is only to serve themselves, and if need to lying, cheating, or even murder, they will do so. The sociopaths are brilliant to changing the subject when people catch them in lies, placing the onus on the people, and denying their involvement or even trying to make people seem crazy.

They may seem laugh or cry but they present with no depth of emotions. The sociopaths are more spontaneously and disorganized act out in doing crime. So that, they are easier to catch nut they are more apt to leave the ample explosion of violence.

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2.1.1 Kind of Sociopath

David T. Lykken in his book The Antisocial Personalities gave the following classification to types of sociopathy. They are:

a. Common Sociopath

Common sociopath is one of the most disorder personalities that

happen. Individuals with common sociopath consciously using their ability to

influence other. Generally, they have satisfied with their life but ignore the

responsibility of their action.

b. Alienated Type

Individuals with alienated type is having problem with emphasizing

other. They can‘t feel the close emotional or relation with other people. Some

causes may be inherited through genetics or environments that do not display

compassion and love. Many of them committed violence and crime. Besides

humans, sometimes they show a feeling of coldness to pets or objects.

Common indications of this type are manipulation, irresponsibility, refusal to

conform to social norms, and excessive sexuality. This group is further

subdivided into several types, namely anti-affiliation, rival, anti-empathy, and

fraud.

(1) Disaffiliated Type: Inability to connect to others in every aspect

of life. All relationships are less intimate. David T. Lykken, author of

The Antisocial Personality argues this type of sociopath is motivated

by a lack of affection from caregivers.

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(2) Hostile Type: People who have this type of sociopath consistently angry, often doing violent and very aggressive. They do this to prevent them from feeling sad and depressed, so they are relying on anger as a kind of survival mechanism.

(3) Dis-emphatic Type: Dis-empathetic types are able to feel an emotional connection to a limited group of people. This group may include friends, pets, or family members. Sociopaths consider people outside of them group as the object of crime. This type of sociopath feels aggrieved by the uncontrollable circumstances of its life. They may feel cheated by physical disabilities or what they find unattractive. They refuse to follow the rules set by society because they feel like they have been cheated and released from a good life.

Aggressive sociopaths use violence, intimidation, and dominating behaviour to gain a path. They have control over the victims and having power through the violence. This becomes a special satisfaction for them.

(4) The Cheated: Freud speaks somewhere about the individual who feels disadvantaged by appearance or physical disability, by social or class origin, minority status, or in some other way and who rationalizes his failure to follow the social rules on the grounds that, having been thus cheated at the outset, those rules do not apply to him. It is an interesting and important fact that most of diverse criminal types suggested here do tend to justify their conduct in one way or another, at least to themselves.

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c. Dissocial Type

This type is psychologically normal, but they are also in line with

social norms and violence within a group. They have a circle of friends or co-

conspirators about whom they love. And of course, out of it, they do not care

about the others.

d. Aggressive Sociopath

Someone with aggressive sociopath personality learns to enjoy

hurting, frightening, tyrannizing others; they derive from it a feeling of power

and importance. The satisfactions of interpersonal dominance may motivate

not only criminals but other bullies who happen to be parents, teachers,

employers, bureaucrats, police officers, and so on.

2.1.2 Characteristic of Sociopath

a. Having a big ego

The great ego is often shown by a narcissistic, with great pride and

selfishness, and needs to be constantly admired by others. Sociopaths have a

similar trait - think of themselves as the best, everything, the center of the

world. They tend to blame others for their own mistakes, or shrewdly

influence others to trust them and / or offer "alternative facts" that they

assemble in such a way as to actually show how to wash hands of conflict.

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b. Charismatic, very intelligent, but manipulative

Sociopath is a liar, whether it's his goal to drive his mission or just to have fun playing with someone else. A sociopath tends to display flat and calm emotions, very rarely displaying nervousness or anxiety. Or just the opposite, it can display an emotional response that is not in accordance with the encountered because it has a low tolerance for stressors and frustration.

And because of this manipulative tendency, it would be difficult for the layman to be able to distinguish what is honest or not from every word they say. Or even, no one can ever know that they have a personality disorder. c. Care about no one

Sociopaths often ignore others, and this starts from an early age or early adolescence that continues into adulthood. A sociopath has no affection.

They ignore the safety of others, ignore the needs or feelings of others, and tend to put them in danger for the benefit of oneself. Above all, sociopathy is characterized by minimal shyness. The lack of empathy toward others may be reflected in the aspect that sociopaths do not have many friends. Sociopaths do not have the ability to maintain close relationships, although they have no problem getting started with them. So does with his sex life, more likely to like a short romantic relationship or an awful one night stand. d. Constantly breaking the law

Sociopath is characterized by impulsive behaviour, followed by an explosive and aggressive act. This is indicated by frequent clashes with legal cases such as physical fights or recurrent attacks. This impulsive and

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irresponsible act is also shown in other aspects of life, such as social

obligations such as work or school, or financial affairs.

2.1.3 Causative Factors of Sociopath

The main factor that causes people to act sociopathic is not clear until now.

But Hare's hypothesis suggests that sociopathy is due to a malfunction of the brain.

Therefore, according to Hare, a sociopath is not just lying or hypocritical, but also something more serious, if there are abnormalities in the brain.

The alleged biological factors also appear in Pridmore, Chambers and

McArthur reports in 2005. They reported an association between sociopathic symptoms with serotonin system abnormalities, structural abnormalities, and functional abnormalities in the brain. Another finding was also delivered by Litman a year earlier. He mentions, sociopaths suffer from neurological disorders in erotic violence syndrome. In 2003, Raine also revealed there was a coronary disorder of the

Corpus Collosum on the sociopath.

―People with sociopathic personality have a childhood background that does not provide opportunities for emotional development in an optimal manner. These foster children will grow into people who cannot empathize and have no conscience (conscience)‖ (Kirkman, 2002) Genetic and environmental factors also play a major role in sociopathic characters. Stress or great stress of life can also change a person's behaviour becomes brutal. But if it is temporary, because there are triggers that make sense, then it cannot be said sociopath. Sociopathic features can actually be detected since childhood through a variety of unusual behaviours. Antisocial behaviour in children is a genetic inheritance.

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2.4 Review of Related Studies

- Sorensen, Paul. 2014. Inside the Mind of Sociopath: Create Space

Independent Publishing Platform.

In this book, Sorensen gives some explanation about what a true sociopath is

like, how to recognize them, and how to deal with them – especially if they

cannot be avoided.

- Stout, Martha. 2005. The Sociopath Next Door. Boston: Broadway.

This book helps the writes to recognize how sociopath around us works or

acts. It also explains how we recognize them. One of their chief

characteristics is a kind of glow or charisma that makes sociopaths more

charming or interesting than the other people around them.

- Lykken, David. 2013. The Antisocial Personalities. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. This book helps the writer know about sociopath, and write a brief

description about sociopath, kind of sociopath, and the factors of sociopath.

- Sarwono, Sarlito Wirawan. 2006. Antara Psikopat dan Sosiopat: Kajian dalam Jurnal-jurnal Barat. Retrieved from http://www.ilmupsikologi.com/?p=8 This journal explains about the differences about psychopath and sociopath.

- Mac.Kanzie Paula. 2014. Psychopathy, Antisocial Personality & Sociopathy: The Basics. A History Review, Illinois: The Forensic Examiner. In this journal explain about the sociopathic approach that I used to analysis this thesis.

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CHAPTER III

METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Data and Resource Data

The resource data of this research is the Gone Girl novel, written by Gillian

Flynn. This novel was published in 2012 which consist 432 pages. This thesis is using qualitative methods. This method explains about how to understand structure and pattern from the data. Observing the data to understand the phenomenon of what is experienced by the subjects of the research such as behaviour, perception, motivation, action, etc. (Moleong 2007:6). The data of this research is words, phrase, and sentence which are to analyze the sociopath from the leading character and the impact of sociopath behaviour from the leading character to peoples around her.

In this thesis, I applied the library research by searching and collecting references that contain and support the topic. I also applied the internet research by collecting data and browsing some information from the internet to support my thesis.

Several steps were applied in the data collecting in this thesis. Firstly, data acquisition from the novel was gathered by reading the novel to get full understanding about what the novel told about. I read both, the English version and the translation. The entire novel was read while identifying the sociopath found from the characters based on the sociopath definition itself. Secondly, I gathered from several books that related to this thesis. The related books concern to the subject matter being analyzed is used as the source of idea to give additional information that can be drawn for this thesis.

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3.2 Data Collecting Procedure

The primary source of the data is the novel itself and the data are the sentence in novel related to the problems. There are some steps that the writer uses in doing the analysis. Firstly, the source data is taken from Gillian Flynn‘s Gone Girl and read the whole novel and watched the movie of course to get better understanding about it. Secondly, the important information related to sociopath behaviour in leading character of Gone Girl and the impact of that sociopath behaviour to peoples around her from the novel are chose and collected. Thirdly, further information about all those things above is found out from other sources such as books, internet, etc.

3.3 Data Analyzing Procedure

After collecting all the data, the next step is to analyze all those selected data to prove what are written in the objective of this thesis and finally the writer can imagine the conclusion for this thesis. The descriptive method is applied in analyzing the data. Descriptive method is used to describe the main data from the novel. Those main data are presented in the form of quotation to prove the analysis.

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CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDING

4.1 Amy’s Sociopathic Behaviour

Sociopath is related to or characterized by asocial or antisocial behaviour or exhibiting antisocial personality disorder. That is why individuals with sociopathic personality having a mental condition in which a person consistently shows no regard for right and wrong and ignores the rights and feelings of others. They often violate the law, becoming criminals. They may lie, behave violently or impulsively.

Therefore, people with this disorder typically tend to antagonize, manipulate or treat others harshly or with callous indifference. They show no guilt or remorse for their behaviour. In this novel, Amy Elliot Dunne‘s sociopath is caused by alienation.

4.1.1 Alienation Type

Alienation often means turning away or keeping away from former friends or associates. It means that alienated makes people feel isolated from a group or an activity to which one should belong or in which one should be involved. Amy always feels isolated because of cheated and hostile.

4.1.1a. Cheating

Being cheated on can be a profoundly painful experience and it can be hard to accept the reality. Amy feels her husband cheated on her. It makes her painful experience.

It was that line that caught me, the simplicity of it. The idea that I could do something, and it would make a woman happy and it would be that easy. Whatever you give me, I'll like. I felt an overwhelming wave of relief. And then I knew I didn't love Amy anymore (Flynn, 2012:148)

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When the emotions Nick experiences on the night that he is first unfaithful to

Amy, he demonstrates that he is already deeply unhappy in his marriage, and being around Amy makes him feel like he has failed and emasculates him. Andie, younger and more naïve, looks up to Nick and is easily impressed by him. She showed sympathy for Nick: he is unfaithful not simply out of lust, but rather because he feels sad and lonely and wants the affection and validation that his marriage no longer offers him.

Cheating on Amy revealed side to Nick and a lack of self-awareness. It implies that Amy is actually the one at fault for his cheating, and that if she had been a different sort of wife and woman, he might have been able to remain faithful to her.

It also shows how resentful Nick is of intelligent and demanding women, preferring women like Andie, who don't seem to be his intellectual equal, and who allow him to make decisions on their behalf.

Nick‘s cheating on Amy was caused by he felt unhappy in his marriage. He also needed a woman who respected him. But for Amy, Nick’s cheating made her fain and lose control. The concept of cheating is a special case of breaking one‘s promise.

Most cheating involves deception. Amy felt Nick cheated her with has another girl.

He broke their marrying.

I got there just in time to see him leaving with her. I was in the goddamn parking lot, twenty feet behind him, and he didn‘t even register me, I was a ghost. He didn‘t have his hands on her, not yet, but I knew. I could tell because he was so aware of her. I followed them, and suddenly, he pressed her up against a tree—in the middle of town—and kissed her. Nick is cheating, I thought dumbly, and before I could make myself say anything, they were going up to her apartment. I waited for an hour, sitting on the doorstep, then got too cold— blue fingernails, chattering teeth—and went home. He never even knew I knew. (Flynn 2012:167)

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Knowing her husband‘s love affair with another girl made Amy‘s thoughts about the woman she pretended to be when she initially met Nick, and the woman that she believes men want. Essentially, the Cool Girl is a projection of male fantasies requiring an impossible combination of traits, and negates the idea of a woman with any preferences of her own. It also makes life much simpler for men because they are not required to respond to any demands placed upon them or meet any expectations.

Amy's description of pretending to be a Cool Girl reveals how good she is at acting and pretending to be something she is not, a skill she uses throughout the novel.

That night at the Brooklyn party, I was playing the girl who was in style, the girl a man like Nick wants: the Cool Girl. Men always say that as the defining compliment, don't they? She's a cool girl. Being the Cool Girl means I am a hot, brilliant, funny woman who adores football, poker, dirty jokes and burping, who plays video games, drinks cheap beer, loves threesomes and anal sex, and jams hot dogs and hamburgers into her mouth like she's hosting the world's biggest culinary gang bang while somehow maintaining a size 2, because Cool Girls are above all hot. Hot and understanding. Cool Girls never get angry; they only smile in a chagrined, loving manner and let their men do whatever they want (Flynn 2012: 222)

Nick‘s cheating on her made she thought that she has to live with the consequences of knowing that her husband doesn't really know her, or love her for who she is. While Amy is very critical of men for desiring this type of woman, her description actually matches up very well to Nick's description of what he likes about

Andie: she is easy-going, undemanding, and likes whatever he likes. It made her felt painful and planned to frame her husband.

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4.1.1b. Hostile

Hostility might be assumed to have a shared variance at least with depression, neuroticism, low agreeableness, temperamental negative emotionality, harm avoidance and low reward dependence, as well as character traits such as low self- directedness and low cooperativeness. It is showing or feeling opposition or dislike; unfriendly. Hostile is one of the characteristic that owned by psychopath. A psychopath usually does not want to live in society, because if they are associated with others, they feel bridled. There is some hostility which is reflected in Amy.

After marrying with Nick for years together, Amy still do not know or recognize Nick‘s mother, Amy also no attempt to acquaint with the Nick‘s family.

Amy‘s hostility toward Nick‘s family can be described a:

But I couldn‘t tell Go that Amy loved our mother, because after all that time, Amy still barely knew our mother. Their few meetings had left them both baffled. (Flynn 2012: 12).

Amy feels unfriendly toward Nick‘s mother. Even though she was married with Nick for years, Amy does not care to her mother in law. She does not want to meet her, so that Nick disappoint toward Amy‘s hostility. He described Amy as:

Amy didn‘t care to know my family, didn‘t want to know my birthplace, and yet for some reason, I thought moving home would be a good idea (Flynn 2012: 13).

When Nick‘s mother get cancer in fourth stadium. Actually Nick wants that

Amy pay the chemotherapy, but Amy already gives her money to her parents. Amy does not think about Nick‘s mother sick which need some money to pay chemotherapy. Amy‘s hostility toward Nick‘s mother described she does not care to

Nick‘s mother sick.

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Therefore, Nick then decides to move to his hometown in order to take care of his mother. For Amy, to move from her parent‘s home is a very hard decision, but at least she follows Nick‘s decision.

Another Amy‘s kindness is when she agrees to move and take care of Nick‘s mother: So I‘m keeping my head down and making the best of a bad situation, and I mean that in the deep, literal Mama Mo usage. I keep my head down and do my work: I drive Mo to doctor‘s appointments and chemo appointments. Change the sickly water in the flower vase in Nick‘s father‘s room, and I drop off cookies for the staff so they take good care of him. I‘m making the best of a really bad situation, and the situation is mostly bad because my husband, who brought me here, who uprooted me to be closer to his ailing parents, seems to have lost all interest in both me and said ailing parents (Flynn 104).

That situation shows it is very hard for Amy to be a kind woman with patient and try to do better. The concept of hostility is used as the main construct and it includes hostile attitudes. Amy shows her hostility toward everyone not only toward

Nick‘s mother, but also toward her friends.

Paula and Jessie who is train sing and fashion that discard by Amy after what she wants to fulfilled. Paula and Jessie are friends in New York, before she moves to Missouri. Friends. In New York, Amy made and shed friends weekly; they were like her projects. But then I‘d ask about Jessie or Paula a month later, and Amy would look at me like I was making up words. (Flynn 2012: 75).

Amy hostiles her friend Paula and Jessie who her friend when she lived on

New York. Amy always meets them to tell about her sadness and cry to make her feeling better. But, her feeling hostility make them not being friends again because she make up words toward Paula and Jessie.

Amy‘s hostility shows that neglected or abused children have a higher risk for depression, antisocial personality disorder, and intimate partner violence in young adulthood. characterize ‗risky families‘ as being aggressive and conflictive, living in

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cold, unsupportive, and neglectful relationships which disturb children‘s emotion control and expression, social competence. It also shows that retrospective selfreports of risky family environments correlate with depression and hostility in adulthood.

Nick‘s cheating make Amy depression. She says that she is a bit mad, but the actions she does in order to put a revenge on Nick shows that she does not think further.

So I may have gone a bit mad. I do know that framing your husband for your murder is beyond the pale of what an average woman might do. But it‘s so very necessary. Nick must be taught a lesson. He‘s never been taught a lesson! (Flynn, 2012:264)

Amy is mad because of her depression. For Amy who has high self-esteem,

Nick‘s actions hurt her pride. It is the reason why she hostile to Nick. That is why she decides to frame Nick is obviously impulsive since she does not think further.

She just wants Nick to be disadvantaged. She does not even think about Nick‘s fate once he is framed. For Amy, she has to do it because it will teach Nick a lesson.

Furthermore, Amy‘s hostility toward Nick by writing a fake diary. She prepares a diary to tell people about her being scare do her own husband. She writes it so that she can get the cops and publics to her side. The quotation is shown below.

I wrote her very carefully, Diary Amy. She is designed to appeal to the cops, to appeal to the public should portions be released. They have to read this diary like it ‘ssomesort of Gothic tragedy. Awonderful, good- hearted woman– whole life a head of her, everything going for her, whatever else they say about women who die–chooses the wrong mate and pays the ultimate price. They have to like me. Her. (Flynn,2012:271)

The quotation above shows how Amy is being serious hostility toward other people. She writes the diary of seven years carefully so people will believe it. It is

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clearly seen that Amy‘s purpose is to manipulate other people so her plan to frame

Nick will be successful. Another Amy‘s hostility can be shows when she plans frame her husband to run for quite longtime. Therefore, she has to prepare a lot of money in cash. It is impossible for her to purchase by using the credit card since it can be tracked down. Amy starts to steal money bit by bit from her husband‘s pocket and also from tip jar in her husband‘s bar. This case can be seen clearly in the below quotation.

I have $10,200 in cash. If I‘d cleared out $10,200 in a month, that would have been noticed. But I collected cash forwards from credit cards I took out in Nick‘s name–the cards that would make him like a greedy little cheat–and I siphoned off another $4,400 from our bank account so verthe months: withdraw also f$200o r $300, nothing to attract attention. I stole from Nick, from his pockets, a $20here, a$10 there, a slow deliberates tockpile–it‘slike that budge tingplan where you put the money you‘d spend on your morning Starbucks into ajar, and at the end of the year you have $1,500.And I‘d always steal from the tip jarw hen I went to The Bar. (Flynn,2012:276)

Amy‘s hostility can be described through stealing husband‘s pocket. She needs some money when she plans to run away from her husband. She also show her hostility toward her husband when she manipulate other people by using an alias. She uses Sali as two times in the novel. The first one is when she hides in the cabin is. She clearly admits that she use Sali as so she can access the daily information about Andie as seen below.

I dowonder about the little slut, Andie. I thought she‘d last exactly three days. Then she wouldn‘t be able to resist sharing. I know she likes to share because I‘m one of her friends on Facebook– my profile name is invented (Madeleine Elster,ha!), my photo is stolen from popupad for mortgages (blond, smiling, benefiting from historically low interest rates). Four months ago, Madeleineran domly asked tobe Andie‘s friend, and Andie,like pleas puppy,accepted, so I know the little girl fairly well, along with all herminutiae-enthralled friends, who take many naps and love Greek yogurt and pinot gringo and enjoy sharing that with each other. (Flynn,2012:278)

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Amy‘s sociopath gives impact toward hostility. She shows her hostility toward her husband by frame Nick. On the other hand, Amy‘s hostility can be describes through her new friend. Greta, her new friend in her hiding, watches television that shows the news of her missing. Amy waits Greta to compliment the appearance on television, but in stead of compliments her because Greta mentions Amy as ‗spoiled rich girl‘and‗Bitchy‘.

Sound to me like she was a spoiled rich girl, Greta says high maintenance. Bitchy (Flynn, 2012:298). This kind of comment is not expected by Amy since she wants to be seen as

‗low-maintenance, easy going, and cheerful‘. Because Greta‘s comment does not fulfill her expectation, Amy spits on her beverages and cereal in the fridge when

Greta is away. This kind of actions obviously shows hostility because Amy show her unfriendly to Greta because she cannot accept Greta‘s comment about her appearance on the television.

4.2 The Impacts of Amy’s Sociopathic Behaviour

One of the most striking characters of the sociopaths typical is their charm.

They are talking well, give the impression of being alert and clean-headed, know how to employ their skills to manipulate other people, and how to ingratiate themselves by entertaining people with exciting account of their exploits. They are lying all the time and they do not see this behaviour as a wrong. Their quest is only to serve themselves, and if need to lying, cheating, or even murder, they will do so.

The sociopaths are brilliant to changing the subject when people catch them in lies, placing the onus on the people, and denying their involvement or even trying to make

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people seem crazy. They may seem laugh or cry but they present with no depth of emotions. The sociopaths are more spontaneously and disorganized act out in doing crime. So that, they are easier to catch nut they are more apt to leave the ample explosion of violence.

In this analysis, the impacts of Amy‘s Sociopath Behaviour are based on manipulating and breaking the rules.

4.2.1 Manipulating

Manipulating is the act of a diversion. He can make another people perform, besides he owns do it with this ability, he rarely recognizable people. Besides kill a people, Amy is also manipulating people, especially Nick, about falsify loss of her and make a trap with the murder of against him. There is some manipulative which is reflected in Amy, such as blood manipulation on the kitchen floor.

Amy is manipulating a blood in the kitchen floor as if she was hurt by Nick.

Amy put a knife into the wrist then she cut her in upper arm, while biting a rag so that she wouldn‘t scream. She sat cross legged on kitchen floor for 10 minutes and let the blood drips until make puddle.

‗Okay, because the tech did a Luminol sweep, and I‘m sorry to tell you, the kitchen floor lit up. A good amount of blood was spilled there.‘ (Flynn, 2012:248)

Amy described a blood in the kitchen floor when Nick hurt her by cutting her in upper arm. Blood in the floor can be a clue and a proven that Nick tries to kill Amy.

In fact it is only Amy manipulates the people. She cut herself to make Nick as a victim.

Cut myself has been on the list a long time. I ended up cutting into the inside of my upper arm, gnawing on a rag so I wouldn‘t scream. The living room looks staged, yet the blood has been cleaned up: It can‘t be Amy! (Flynn, 2012: 344-345)

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Besides manipulating a blood in the kitchen floor, Amy also manipulates the policy that there is some chaos at home. She is sitting room in order to police thought that there was a family quarrel.

―Stage the living room. Tip ottoman. Check‖. (Flynn, 2012: 345)

Furthermore, Amy manipulates Credit card. When Nick was trapped by Amy with a bill credit card, she collected money from credit card by using the Nick name, and it made Nick looks like greedy little cheat. Amy took money until $ 4,000. She also steals from Nick‘s wallet and gets the money from a jar when she was in the bar.

But I collected cash forwards from credit cards I took out in Nick‘s name – the cards that would make him look like a greedy little cheat – and I siphoned off another $4,400 from our bank accounts over the months: withdrawals of $200 or $300, nothing to attract attention. I stole from Nick, from his pockets, a $20 here, a $10 there, a slow deliberate stockpile – it‘s like that budgeting plan where you put the money you‘d spend on your morning Starbucks into a jar, and at the end of the year you have $1,500. And I‘d always steal from the tip jar when I went to The Bar. (Flynn, 2012:381-382)

Amy also does sex manipulation. She declares that she was trapped Tommy

O‘Hara with an alibi that she had been raped by Tommy. Amy went to Tommy‘s apartment by bringing DVD comedy and a bag of burger. They watched the DVD with the leg overlapped and then had sex. Amy has successfully manipulated

Tommy. She was successfully manipulated him.

She‘s got some bootleg DVD of a comic I like, an underground performance in Durham, and she‘s got a sack of burgers, and we watch the DVD, and she‘s got her leg flopped over mine, and then she‘s nestling into me, and … sorry. She‘s your wife. My main point is: The girl knew how to work me. And we end up …‘. (Flynn, 2012: 425)

Finally, Amy does a murder manipulation. She injured herself. She used a bottle of wine to make wound on her vagina every day. And then, when everything

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was ready he had sex with Desi. From the action that conclude Amy raped by Desi.

That is not all; Amy also killed Desi with an alibi to turn her good name.

‗I found some twine in one corner of his basement. I used a steak knife to saw it into four pieces—‘. ‗I took a wine bottle, and I abused myself with it every day, so the inside of my vagina looked … right. Right for a rape victim. (Flynn, 2012: 283)

4.2.2 Breaking the Law

Sociopath is characterized by impulsive behaviour, followed by an explosive and aggressive act. This is indicated by frequent clashes with legal cases such as physical fights or recurrent attacks. In this case, Amy‘s sociopath impacts for many people who she feels not understand her desire. That is why she has criminal records without care the impact for herself.

Amy‘s sociopath makes her as murder. She kills Desi because she wants to back to Nick again. One night when Amy watches Nick Dunne in a reality show. He tells to the public that he already changes his attitude and promises to be a good husband. He needs Amy to come back to him. Knowing that condition, Amy changes her plan and she sets the condition to kill Desi, because she is already trapped in

Ozark Cabin, Desi‘s house, and cannot go because the house has password number in the gate. Amy sets the condition that she kills Desi accidentally, because of self- defense to safe herself:

I have mixed up some martinis, I announce—Desi loves a decadent afternoon drink—and when he makes a move to put on his shirt and fetch them, I insist he stay in bed. ―I want to do something for you for a change,‖ I say. So I scamper into the kitchen and get two big martini glasses, and into mine I put gin and a single olive. Into his I put three olives, gin, olive juice, vermouth, and the last of my sleeping pills, three of them, crushed.... ―Don‘t you like my martini?‖.... ―If it makes you feel better!‖ He is giddy, triumphant. Hiscock is slick with conquest. He is basically, like all men. Soon he is sleepy, and after that he is snoring. And I can begin (Flynn, 2012: 258).

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Amy kills Desi because she wants to back to Nick again. She wants to live together again with Nick, but she have to clarifies her situation why she kills Desi Colling.

Because Amy is a smart but psychopath woman, she manipulates the situation by her serious mimic and fake evidence. Actually, the detective Rhonda Boney does not believe Amy at all, but because there is not strong evidence that proves Amy murder of Desi, detective Boney has to let the case go.

Perfectly, Amy sets the condition to kill Desi because she has imagine that she will make her life better again with Nick, but she trapped by Desi, so the only way to be free is killing Desi by self-defense claim:

I still have Desi‘s semen inside me from the last time he raped me, so the medical examination goes fine. My rope-wreathed wrists, my damaged vagina, my bruises—the body I present them is textbook. An older male doctor with humid breath and thick fingers performs the pelvic exam— scraping and wheezing in time—while Detective Rhonda Boney holds my hand (Flynn, 2012: 264).

Amy thinks that she will get her old money back from her parents and new Nick comes when Nick is interviewing in a Ellen Abbot reality show. Those things make

Amy changes her mind and she prepares all the condition to make her back in what way she wants:

Nick forgives me—I screwed you over, you screwed me over, let‘s make up. What if his code is true? Nick wants me back. Nick wants me back so he can treat me right. So he can spend the rest of his life treating me the way he should. It sounds rather lovely. We could go back to New York. Sales for the Amazing Amy books have skyrocketed since My disappearance—three generations of readers have remembered how much they love me. My greedy, stupid, irresponsible parents can finally pay back my trust fund. With interest. Because I want to go back to my old life. Or my old life with my old money and my New Nick. Love-Honor-and-Obey Nick. Maybe he‘s learned his lesson. Maybe he‘ll be like he was before. I need to get home to him (Flynn, 2012: 249).

Amy lies to the public that she was kidnapped by Desi. When she was in the living room and someone rang the bell, Amy thought that Nick gave her surprise

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because it was their five anniversary. But it was Desi who came and forced her to follow. Amy was trying to fight him back, but it made Desi angry and at least Amy had to follow Desi to his home and when she had good opportunity, she killed Desi to defend herself and back to Nick:

Desi barged in, and he was pacing around the living room, all flustered and kind of frantic, and he said, What are you doing for your anniversary? It frightened me, that he knew today was our anniversary, and he seemed angry about it, and then his arm flashed out and he had me by the wrist and was twisting it behind my back, and we struggled. I put up a real fight. B: What next? A: I kicked him and got away for a second and ran to the kitchen, and we struggled more and he clubbed me once with the big wooden Judy handle, and I went flying and then he hit me two or three more times. I remember not being able to see for a second, just dizzy, my head Was throbbing and I tried to grab for the handle and he stabbed my Arm with this pocketknife he was carrying (Flynn, 2012: 265-266).

After the public believes to Amy‘s story, she back home with Nick. Being in curiosity, Nick asks Amy the real story, because he does not believe her story at all.

Amy feels that if she is back she will get better life with Nick, but the fact is Nick doubts her honesty.

―You killed Desi so you had a new story, so you could come back and be beloved Amy and not ever have to take the blame for what you did. Don‘t you get it, Amy, the irony? It‘s what you always hated about me—that I never dealt with the consequences of my actions, right? (Flynn, 2012: 272).

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions

After analyzing Flynn‘s Gone Girl, the researcher draws some

conclusions based on discussion in the previous chapters. Amy‘s sociopath

makes her manipulate, lie, and aggressive. She has empathy to put herself into

another‘s feeling to attract. Then, she sets a very perfect situation with her

body that she got sexual assault from Desi in the previous time. She is also

easily irritated and aggressive toward simple things that annoy her. Amy‘s

sociopathic is caused by her alienation which her parents always oppress her to

do what her parents‘ instruction without any bad feeling and disobey. She

does not really care whether her actions are appropriate according to social

norms or not. She shows it through several actions such as stealing money,

spitting on food, and even killing people. Amy keeps deceiving people around

her in various ways. She manipulates her neighbor and also conning other

people. Therefore, Amy can be categorized suffering antisocial personality

disorder.

From the discussions in the previous chapters, known that sociopath is

characterized by a lack of regard for the moral or legal standards in the local

culture. That is why someone with a sociopathic behaviour is a marked inability

to get along with others or abide by societal rules. Therefore, this study can be

concluded that:

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1. Amy‘s sociopathic behaviour is caused by alienation. It turns away or

keeping away someone from former friends or associates. Amy‘s alienation is

expressed through cheated and hostile.

2. The impacts of Amy‘s sociopathic behaviour in Gone Girl are shown by

manipulating and breaking the law.

5.2 Suggestions

In studying English, especially in literature, the readers are suggested to do the following.

1. It is suggested that the readers prepare a selected novel and read it accurately to

get a better understanding of the story in it. A selected novel is needed to offer

the reader valuable messages or lesson particularly related to literature.

2. Other researchers are suggested to do further researches on drama, poetry, prose,

etc., as a medium of studying literature.

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REFERENCES

Bogdan, R. and Taylor S. J. 1995.Introduction to Qualitative Research Method. New York: John Willey and Soons.

Cooke, David J. Psychopathy: Theory, Research and Implications for Society. Kluwer Academy Publisher.

Everett, David C. 2006. Antisocial Personality Disorder VS. Psychopathy: An Analysis of The Literature. Alabama.

Flynn, Gillian. 2012. Gone Girl. New York: Crown Publishing Group.

Hare, Robert. 1999. Without Conscience: The Disturbing World of the Psychopaths Among Us. The Guilford Press.

Judarwanto, Widodo. 2008. Tidak Semua Psikopat Adalah Kriminal. Retrieved from

http://www.kompas.com

Koswara, E. 1986.Teori-teori Kepribadian. Bandung: PT. Eresco.

Mac.Kanzie Paula. 2014. Psychopathy, Antisocial Personality & Sociopathy: The Basics. A History Review, Illinois: The Forensic Examiner.

Moleong, Lexy J. 1995. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung. Remaja Rosdakarya Publishing.

Muchtar, Muhizar et.al. 2012. Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi. Medan : FIB USU.

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Sarwono, Sarlito Wirawan. 2006. Antara Psikopat dan Sosiopat: Kajian dalam

Jurnal-jurnal Barat. Retrieved from http://www.ilmupsikologi.com/?p=8 (April 2017)

Sorensen, Paul. 2014. Inside the Mind of Sociopath: Create Space Independent Publishing Platform.

Stout, Martha. 2005. The Sociopath Next Door. Boston: Broadway.

Taylor, Richard. 1981. Understanding the Elements of Literature. New York: Macmillan Press, Ltd.

Lykken, David. 2013. The Antisocial Personalities. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum

Associates Publishers.

Wade, Carole & Carol Travis. 2007. Psikologi Edisi Kesembilan. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Wellek, Rene and Warren, Austin. 1963. Theory of Literature. New York: Brace and Company Inc.

Zed, Mustafa. 2004. Metodologi Penelitian Kepustakaan. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor

Indonesia.

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX I

i. Author’s Biography and Works

Gillian Flynn was born in Kansas City, Missouri to two community-college professors—her mother taught reading; her father, film. Thus she spent an inordinate amount of her youth nosing through books and watching movies. She has happy memories of having A Wrinkle in Time pried from her hands at the dinner table, and also of seeing Alien, Psycho and Bonnie and Clyde at a questionable age (like, seven). It was a good childhood.

For college, she headed to the University of Kansas, where she received her undergraduate degrees in English and journalism. After a two-year stint writing about human resources for a trade magazine in California, Flynn moved to Chicago.

There she earned her master‘s degree in journalism from Northwestern University and discovered that she was way too wimpy to make it as a crime reporter. On the other hand, she was a movie geek with a journalism degree, so she moved to New

York City and joined Entertainment Weekly magazine, where she wrote happily for

10 years, visiting film sets around the world (to New Zealand for The Lord of the

Rings, to Prague for The Brothers Grimm, to somewhere off the highway in Florida for Jackass: The Movie). During her last four years at EW, Flynn was the TV critic

(all-time best TV show: The Wire).

Flynn‘s 2006 debut novel, the literary mystery Sharp Objects, was an Edgar

Award finalist and the winner of two of Britain‘s Dagger Awards—the first book ever to win multiple Daggers in one year. Movie rights have been sold.

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Flynn‘s second novel, the 2009 New York Times bestseller Dark Places, was a New Yorker Reviewers‘ Favorite, Weekend TODAY Top Summer Read,

Publishers Weekly Best Book of 2009, and Chicago Tribune Favorite Fiction choice.

In 2015, the movie adaptation starring Charlize Theron was released.

Flynn‘s third novel, Gone Girl, was an international sensation and a runaway hit that has spent more than one hundred weeks on the New York Times bestseller lists. Gone Girl was named one of the best books of the year by People Magazine and Janet Maslin at the New York Times. Nominated for both the Edgar Award and the Anthony Award for Best Novel, Flynn wrote the screenplay for David Fincher‘s

2014 adaptation of Gone Girl for the big screen, starring Ben Affleck and Rosamund

Pike.

Her newest release, The Grownup, is an Edgar Award-winning short story and an homage to the classic ghost story. This is the first time it is being published as a standalone. Flynn‘s work has been published in forty-one languages. She lives in

Chicago with her husband, Brett Nolan, their children, and a giant black cat named

Roy. In theory she is working on her next novel. In reality she is possibly playing

Ms. Pac-Man in her basement lair.

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APPENDIX II

Summary of The Novel

The novel begins on the morning of Nick Dunne‘s wedding anniversary. On that same day his wife Amy Elliott Dunne disappears from their home in North

Carthage, Missouri. A few years before, Nick and Amy moved from New York to

Missouri, because Nick‘s mother, Maureen, was diagnosed with stage fourth cancer.

Amy, a native New Yorker, was not thrilled about the decision her husband made without even consulting her and the move exacerbated the stress created by both

Amy and Nick recently losing their jobs. Nick now works at a bar he jointly owns with his twin sister Margo, and also teaches at the local community college. Amy has never found work or made friends within their new community. Their marriage was in crisis at the point that Amy disappeared.

Nick receives a call from his neighbor about suspicious signs at his house and hurries home to find that his wife has vanished. Alarmed by possible signs of her having been abducted, he immediately calls the police. By nighttime his house is filled with cops and news reporters. The widespread media attention comes in part from Amy's fame as the inspiration for the fictional character in the Amazing Amy book series. The series was written by her parents Rand and Marybeth Elliott, who are child psychologists. Rand and Marybeth are called to assist in the search for their daughter. Questions about who might have hurt or abducted Amy raise a number of suspects from her past: Hillary Handy, an obsessed fan of the Amazing Amy books;

Desi Collings, her prep school boyfriend who had been obsessed with her for years; and Tommy O‘Hara, Amy‘s ex- boyfriend who she accused of rape. While initially

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people are kind and supportive to Nick, he quickly notices that the detectives question him closely and have suspicions. Nick knows that in cases where a woman vanishes, her husband or boyfriend is often the prime suspect. As a result, he tries not to reveal that his marriage was troubled or any other details that might implicate him, which results in him telling a series of lies to the police and detectives.

The narration of the events surrounding the disappearance, told from Nick's perspective, alternates with a series of diary entries written by Amy, detailing the period from the moment she met Nick to the day before her disappearance. The diary shows Amy as an optimistic, loving, and supportive wife. While she and Nick initially have a picture perfect romance, the stress of job loss and the move takes a toll on their relationship. The diary describes Nick gradually becoming distant, possessive, violent, and demanding to Amy, which causes Amy to become frightened of him. She even buys a gun in order to protect herself if necessary. The last entry in the diary, from the day before Amy's disappearance, ends with her making a dark joke about possibly being killed by Nick.

While looking for clues in the Dunne house, detectives find an envelope with the clues Amy has written for a treasure hunt, a ritual she observes every year for their anniversary. As Nick follows the clues, he becomes increasingly concerned and suspicious that Amy knew more about some of his secrets than she let on. As he reflects on his wife's personality as a strong-willed, obsessive, and power-hungry woman (an idea that does not align with Amy's personality as it is presented in the diary), he begins to wonder if Amy has somehow staged the disappearance herself in order to frame him and punish him. As days pass, detectives uncover more and more evidence which cause Nick to look more and more suspicious: there are signs of

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blood loss on the kitchen floor, evidence of marital problems, and expensive credit card transactions in Nick's name, which he swears he didn't make. Several of Nick's initial lies get exposed, and he also makes negative impressions in the media. Nick is also very afraid of his biggest secret being exposed: he has been having an affair with one of his students, a young woman named Andie.

The situation grows worse and worse for Nick, until during a candle light vigil honoring Amy, Noelle Hawthorne, Amy‘s best friend, interrupts his speech to accuse him of murdering his wife, and also reveals that Amy was pregnant. Nick finds this news shocking. A few years earlier, he and Amy had pursued fertility treatments in hopes of getting pregnant, but she then lost interest in the plan.

However, Amy's medical records confirm that she was indeed pregnant, creating even more public sympathy and pressure to find her. Nick is increasingly convinced that he is the victim of an evil scheme on Amy's part. The last clue of Amy‘s treasure hunt leads him to the woodshed that Margo has in her home, which contains the purchases charged to the credit card. This strongly gives the impression that Nick has been plotting his wife's death.

Part Two begins with Amy narrating the events surrounding her disappearance. She has created an elaborate plan, which she has been working on for over a year, in order to fake her own murder and frame Nick for it. Increasingly disappointed in and frustrated by her husband, when she discovers he is having an affair that is the final straw. She has written the diary purposefully to fabricate an image of her as sweet, sympathetic, and innocent, and to make Nick look capable of a violent crime. She also opened the credit cards and made all the purchases, and faked a pregnancy by using the urine of her pregnant friend Noelle and passing it off

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as her own. On the day of the disappearance, she cuts herself and sheds her blood to make it look like she has been attacked, also staging the house to suggest an intrusion and a struggle. Using a disguise and a car she has secretly purchased, she then drives to a cabin in the Ozarks to hide out. She plans to enjoy watching Nick be accused of her murder and go to prison for it. The final step will be for her to kill herself and allow her body to be found, apparently confirming his guilt, so that he will be executed for her murder.

The narration now alternates between Amy and Nick's perspectives. Nick, aware of how much suspicion surrounds him, hires Tanner Bolt, an attorney most famous for winning cases for men accused of murdering their wives. He confides to

Tanner his belief that Amy has framed him, and Tanner helps to do some damage control to Nick's image. It seems like he might again become an object of sympathy, but the revelation of his affair with Andie is more damning news. The police also find the items hidden in the woodshed, and arrest Nick for the murder of his wife.

Meanwhile, Nick has been conducting his own research into Amy's past and finds that many of the stories she has told don't seem to be true, and suggest that she is highly skilled at lying and manipulation. Nick knows that his only hope is to convince Amy to come back, and he tries to make himself as appealing to her as possible, while secretly planning to kill her once she returns.

Amy's plans go awry; first as she becomes less interested in the idea of suicide, and second after some people she meets in the Ozarks steal all the money she had saved to survive on. She now has to change her plan, and she reaches out to

Desi Collins, her wealthy ex-boyfriend. She tells him that she has run away because

Nick was abusing her. Because Desi is obsessively in love with her and wants her all

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to him, he takes her to his lake house. Once there, Amy increasingly finds Desi oppressive and controlling. As Amy watches Nick's interactions with the media, she finds herself more attracted to him. She decides to escape from Desi and return to

Nick. Knowing what Desi finds attractive, she seduces him and then, after they have sex, she drugs him with sleeping pills.

Nick is shocked, when forty days after disappearing, Amy shows up at his doorstep, bloody and bruised. The story she tells both Nick and the police at first is that she was abducted by Desi, who unexpectedly showed up at her house on the day of the anniversary. Since then, he has been holding her captive and raping her repeatedly. She was finally able to get her hands on a knife, which she attacked him with, killing him, and then returned in shock to her home. She also accounts for her pregnancy by saying that she had a miscarriage shortly after being abducted. Nick doesn't believe this story, and tells her so, but he plays along with the story in front of the elated media because it confirms his own innocence. Amy's medical examination corroborates her story and while some of the detectives see suspicious holes in her account, she is able to defuse further questioning by accusing them of being incompetent and having been fixated on pursuing the wrong suspect.

Alone with Nick, Amy admits to the whole story, including deliberately murdering Desi and faking her escape just as she faked her abduction. He is horrified and disgusted, and wants to reveal the story to the world. Amy, however, has been careful to ensure that there is no record of this confession, and she also still has fodder for blackmail. The diary was never revealed as fake, and in it Amy documents an instance that strongly suggests Nick poisoned her with antifreeze. To further corroborate it, she did in fact consume antifreeze and saved and froze some of her

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vomit. If this evidence is revealed and tested, she can accuse Nick of attempted murder. Supported by Margo, Tanner, and Detective Boney, all of whom by this point believe that Amy faked her disappearance, Nick decides to wait.

Amy and Nick continue in a stalemate, warily living together. Amy begins writing a memoir about the public story of her experiences, which she knows will make her a lot of money. Nick, still angry, begins writing his own memoir revealing the truth about her. He is shocked when Amy reveals that she is pregnant: she had herself inseminated with sperm frozen from the couple's fertility treatments. She makes it clear that if Nick ever betrays her, she will turn the child against him, and feeling protective of their future son, Nick gives up any hope of revealing Amy's deceit and accepts that the two of them are stuck with each other. He deletes his book. The two build a fragile relationship, and the novel ends with the impending birth of their child, who is due on their wedding anniversary, one year after Amy's disappearance.

However, the ending makes it clear that Amy's sociopathic need for power, and Nick's disgust with her, will never go away

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