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REDIA, XCII, 2009: 87-91 ROBERT G. FOOTTIT (*) - H. ERIC L. MAW (*) - KEITH S. PIKE (**) DNA BARCODES TO EXPLORE DIVERSITY IN APHIDS (HEMIPTERA APHIDIDAE AND ADELGIDAE) (*) Canadian National Collection of Insects, National Environmental Health Program, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada;[email protected] (**) Washington State University, Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, 24106 N. Bunn Road, Prosser, WA 99350, U.S.A Foottit R.G., Maw H.E.L., Pike K.S. – DNA barcodes to explore diversity in aphids (Hemiptera Aphididae and Adelgidae). A tendency towards loss of taxonomically useful characters, and morphological plasticity due to host and environmental factors, complicates the identification of aphid species and the analysis of relationships. The presence of different morphological forms of a single species on different hosts and at different times of the year makes it difficult to consistently associate routinely collected field samples with particular species definitions. DNA barcoding has been proposed as a standardized approach to the characterization of life forms. We have tested the effectiveness of the standard 658-bp barcode fragment from the 5’ end of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene (COI) to differentiate among species of aphids and adelgids. Results are presented for a preliminary study on the application of DNA barcoding in which approximately 3600 specimens representing 568 species and 169 genera of the major subfamilies of aphids and the adelgids have been sequenced. Examples are provided where DNA barcoding has been used as a tool in recognizing the existence of cryptic new taxa, linking life stages on different hosts of adelgids, and as an aid in the delineation of species boundaries. -
Analysis of Cereal Aphid Feeding Behavior and Transcriptional Responses Underlying Switchgrass-Aphid Interactions
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology Entomology, Department of 8-2017 Analysis of Cereal Aphid Feeding Behavior and Transcriptional Responses Underlying Switchgrass-Aphid Interactions Kyle G. Koch University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologydiss Part of the Entomology Commons Koch, Kyle G., "Analysis of Cereal Aphid Feeding Behavior and Transcriptional Responses Underlying Switchgrass-Aphid Interactions" (2017). Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology. 51. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/entomologydiss/51 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Entomology, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Student Research in Entomology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. ANALYSIS OF CEREAL APHID FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES UNDERLYING SWITCHGRASS-APHID INTERACTIONS by Kyle Koch A DISSERTATION Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Major: Entomology Under the Supervision of Professors Tiffany Heng-Moss and Jeff Bradshaw Lincoln, Nebraska August 2017 ANALYSIS OF CEREAL APHID FEEDING BEHAVIOR AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL RESPONSES UNDERLYING SWITCHGRASS-APHID INTERACTIONS Kyle Koch, Ph.D. University of Nebraska, 2017 Advisors: Tiffany Heng-Moss and Jeff Bradshaw Switchgrass, Panicum virgatum L., is a perennial warm-season grass that is a model species for the development of bioenergy crops. However, the sustainability of switchgrass as a bioenergy feedstock will require efforts directed at improved biomass yield under a variety of stress factors. -
Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: the Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus
Supplementary Aphid Transmission of Potyvirus: The Largest Plant-Infecting RNA Virus Genus Kiran R. Gadhave 1,2,*,†, Saurabh Gautam 3,†, David A. Rasmussen 2 and Rajagopalbabu Srinivasan 3 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA 2 Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]. † Authors contributed equally. Received: 13 May 2020; Accepted: 15 July 2020; Published: date Abstract: Potyviruses are the largest group of plant infecting RNA viruses that cause significant losses in a wide range of crops across the globe. The majority of viruses in the genus Potyvirus are transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent, non-circulative manner and have been extensively studied vis-à-vis their structure, taxonomy, evolution, diagnosis, transmission and molecular interactions with hosts. This comprehensive review exclusively discusses potyviruses and their transmission by aphid vectors, specifically in the light of several virus, aphid and plant factors, and how their interplay influences potyviral binding in aphids, aphid behavior and fitness, host plant biochemistry, virus epidemics, and transmission bottlenecks. We present the heatmap of the global distribution of potyvirus species, variation in the potyviral coat protein gene, and top aphid vectors of potyviruses. Lastly, we examine how the fundamental understanding of these multi-partite interactions through multi-omics approaches is already contributing to, and can have future implications for, devising effective and sustainable management strategies against aphid- transmitted potyviruses to global agriculture. -
Scope: Munis Entomology & Zoology Publishes a Wide Variety of Papers
262 _____________ Mun. Ent. Zool. Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2013___________ REVISION OF GENUS BRACHYCAUDUS AND NEW RECORD SPECIES ADDED TO APHID FAUNA OF EGYPT (HEMIPTERA: STERNORRHYNCHA: APHIDIDAE) A. H. Amin*, K. A. Draz** and R. M. Tabikha** * Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, EGYPT. ** Pest Control and Environment Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Damanhour Branch, EGYPT. [Amin, A. H., Draz, K. A. & Tabikha, R. M. 2013. Revision of genus Brachycaudus and new record species added to aphid fauna of Egypt (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 8 (1): 262-266] ABSTRACT: A new aphid species, Brachycaudus (Appelia) shwartzi (Borner) was recorded for the first time in Egypt during the present work. This species was heavily infested leaves of apricot, Prunus armeniaca and peaches Prunus persica during May, 2006 at El-Tahrir, El- Behera Governorate. Identification procedure was confirmed by Prof. R. Blackman at British Museum, in London. Brief verbal and drafting description for alate viviparous female of this new recorded species was carried out. Moreover a simple bracket key was constructed to identify the three recorded species of genus Brachycaudus in Egypt. KEY WORDS: Brachycaudus, Aphididae, Egypt. Family Aphididae is one of the most important groups of Aphidoidea which contain more than 4400 aphid species placed in 493 genera, and is considered as one of the most prolific groups of insects. They are capable not only rapid increase of population though parthenogenesis but also transmission of plant viral diseases and secreting honey dew which become suitable media for sooty moulds, so they are regarded as one of the most important groups of agricultural pests. -
Dr. Frank G. Zalom
Award Category: Lifetime Achievement The Lifetime Achievement in IPM Award goes to an individual who has devoted his or her career to implementing IPM in a specific environment. The awardee must have devoted their career to enhancing integrated pest management in implementation, team building, and integration across pests, commodities, systems, and disciplines. New for the 9th International IPM Symposium The Lifetime Achievement winner will be invited to present his or other invited to present his or her own success story as the closing plenary speaker. At the same time, the winner will also be invited to publish one article on their success of their program in the Journal of IPM, with no fee for submission. Nominator Name: Steve Nadler Nominator Company/Affiliation: Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis Nominator Title: Professor and Chair Nominator Phone: 530-752-2121 Nominator Email: [email protected] Nominee Name of Individual: Frank Zalom Nominee Affiliation (if applicable): University of California, Davis Nominee Title (if applicable): Distinguished Professor and IPM specialist, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis Nominee Phone: 530-752-3687 Nominee Email: [email protected] Attachments: Please include the Nominee's Vita (Nominator you can either provide a direct link to nominee's Vita or send email to Janet Hurley at [email protected] with subject line "IPM Lifetime Achievement Award Vita include nominee name".) Summary of nominee’s accomplishments (500 words or less): Describe the goals of the nominee’s program being nominated; why was the program conducted? What condition does this activity address? (250 words or less): Describe the level of integration across pests, commodities, systems and/or disciplines that were involved. -
Systematics, Distribution and Host Range of Diaeretiella Rapae (Mcintosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae)
International Journal of Research Studies in Biosciences (IJRSB) Volume 3, Issue 1, January 2015, PP 1-36 ISSN 2349-0357 (Print) & ISSN 2349-0365 (Online) www.arcjournals.org Systematics, Distribution and Host Range of Diaeretiella Rapae (Mcintosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) Rajendra Singh Department of Zoology D.D.U. Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur, U.P., India [email protected] Garima Singh Department of Zoology Rajasthan University Jaipur, India [email protected] Abstract: Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) was described as Aphidius rapae by McIntosh in 1855. In 1960, Starý described a new genus Diaeretiella and put the species under it. A number of synonymy of D. rapae is listed herein. D. rapae is a polyphagous and exclusive aphid parasitoid. It parasitises about 98 species of the aphids infesting more than 180 plant species belonging to 43 plant families distributed in 87 countries throughout the world. However, the main hosts consist of Brevicoryne brassicae (Linn.), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) and Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov). The food plants mainly include oleiferous and vegetable brassicas and cereal crops.The parasitoid has been used as a biocontrol agent against D. noxia infesting cereal crops. Keywords: Diaeretiella rapae, systematic, distribution, host plants, aphids, cereal crops, brassica crops 1. INTRODUCTION Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Aphidiinae) is a highly polyphagous parasitic wasp parasitising exclusively aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) throughout the world infesting hundreds of plant species, both cultivated and wild (Table 1). D. rapae was reported as the most effective natural enemy against the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linn.) [1] and it has been observed to cause as high as 72% parasitism in the Netherlands [2] and 76% parasitism in Kenya [3]. -
Horticultural, Landscape, and Ornamental Crops
Section F Pests common to Douglas-fir, Horticultural, True Fir, Pine and Spruce Christmas tree (Common pests)—Conifer Landscape, and aphid Cinara occidentalis and Cinara abietis Ornamental Crops Pest description and crop damage C. abietis are large, dark aphids typically feeding on upper stems and tended by ants. May distort stems. C. occidentalis feed at the base of needles on 1 year IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE USE and older foliage, often in the lower portion of the tree and may be OF CHLORPYRIFOS: quite damaging. The State of Oregon has adopted new restrictive rules on See table: the use of chlorpyrifos-containing products in Oregon. Hosts and Symptoms of Major Aphid and Adelgid Pests of Please refer to Oregon Department of Agriculture Christmas Trees Permanent Chlorpyrifos Rule at https://www.oregon.gov/oda/programs/Pesticides/ Management—cultural control RegulatoryIssues/Documents/Documents/2020/ C. abietis is easily spotted and often controlled by squishing ChlorpyrifosRule.pdf colonies by hand or spot spraying. Minor outbreaks of both species may be kept in check with beneficial insect predators or spot treatments. Management—chemical control ♦ azadirachtin (AzaDirect and others)—Some formulations are OMRI-listed for organic use. ♦ bifenthrin (OnyxPro, Sniper and others)—Restricted use pesticide. (Group 3) Christmas Tree Plantation Pests ♦ chlorpyrifos (Lorsban Advanced, Warhawk and others)— RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. (Group 1) Chal Landgren and Franki Porter ♦ Chromobacterium subtsugae (Grandevo)—OMRI-listed for Latest revision—March 2021 organic use. ♦ cyantraniliprole (Mainspring GNL)—(Group 28) ♦ cyclaniliprole (Group 28) + flonicamid (Group 29)—Pradia In all cases, follow the instructions on the pesticide label. The PNW ♦ dinotefuran (Safari 20 SG)— (Group 4) Insect Management Handbook has no legal status, whereas the ♦ flupyradifurone (Altus)—(Group 4) pesticide label is a legal document. -
A Primary Survey of Aphid Species on Almond and Peach, and Natural Enemies of Brachycaudus Amygdalinus in As-Sweida, Southern Syria 1 2 W
109 Archived at http://orgprints.org/13654/ A primary survey of aphid species on almond and peach, and natural enemies of Brachycaudus amygdalinus in As-Sweida, Southern Syria 1 2 W. Almatni and N. Khalil Abstract Syria is one of the biggest almond producer country in the world. Few arthropdes that live on almond are consider as pests. Aphids are one of the major pests their. In order to change the product to organic we should know more about the pests and their natural enemies in order to use better bio- and organic decisions. A field survey was done to aphids that attack Almond and Peach in Al-Arab mountain at As- Sweida governorate, between 2002 and 2006. Three species of aphids were considered as important pests on both trees. They are Brachycaudus amygdalinus and Brachycaudus helichrysi, which are aphids that feed on the young leaves causing stunted growth; and Pterochloroides persicae which is a species that attack the bark and excretes large quantities of honeydew. A survey of natural enemies of B. amygdalinus has been done in addition to study its population dynamics during the seasons of 2002, 2003 and 2004. 30 species of natural enemies were recorded includes 15 Coccinellidae, 4 of each Anthocoridae and Miridae, 3 of Syrphidae, one species of each of Chrysopidae and Chamaemyiidae, and one beetle, in addition to one parasitoid. Some Arachinids were also mentioned to prey on this aphid. Most numerous predator at the beginning of the season was Coccinella septempunctata followed later with Scymnus (Pullus) subvillosus and Hyppodamia variegate. Most numerous predatory bug was Orius horvathi. -
Biology and Feeding Potential of Coccinella Septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the Chrysanthemum Aphid, Macrosiphoniella Sanborni (Gillette)
J. BioI. Control, 13: 39-43. 1999 Biology and feeding potential of Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on the chrysanthemum aphid, Macrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette) M. K. BEHERA, R. BEHERA and B. PATRO* Post-graduate Department of Zoology, Gangadhar Meher College Sambalpur 768004, Orissa, India ABSTRACT: The biology and feeding potential of Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus were studied in the laboratory at 27±2°C and 70±S per cent relative humidity onMacrosiphoniella sanborni (Gillette), a common pest of chrysanthemum. The egg, larval, prepupal and pupal stages occupied 2.41±0.19, 9.35±1.2, O.73±O.1 and 3.S3±O.OS days, respectively. The adult female laid 330.S±28.3 eggs in groups of 30 to 60. The sex ratio (female: male) was 1.5: 1. The adult longevity was 10- 19 days in male and 26-35 days in female. The feeding potential of first, second, third and fourth instar grubs and adult was 9.17±1.S, 20.8±3.3, 34.1±3.5, 37.S±4.7 and 55.3±6.7 aphids/day/individual, respectively. KEY WORDS: Biology, Coccinella septempunctata, feeding potential, Macrosiphoniella sanborni Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner), Myzus feeds on a wide variety of aphid species, persicae (Sulzer) and Toxoptera odinae such a Aphis fabae Scopoli, A. gossypii (van der Goot) (Bhagat, 1976; Agarwala Glover, A. nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, et al., 1987; Devi and Singh, 1987; Raj, Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kaltenbach), 1989). During a study on the population Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus), Cinara dynamics of MacIVsiphoniella sanborni sp., Hyadaphis coriandri (Das), (Gillette) on Chrysanthemum sp., the Hya[opterolls pruni (Geoffroy), Lipaphis larvae and adults of C. -
Potential Role of Fruit Intercrops in Integrated Apple Aphid Management
Potential role of fruit intercrops in integrated apple aphid management Ammar Alhmedi1, Stijn Raymaekers1, Dany Bylemans1,2 & Tim Belien1 1 pcfruit vzw, Department of Zoology, Fruittuinweg 1, 3800 Sint-Truiden, Belgium; 2 KULeuven, Department of Biosystems, 3001 Leuven, Belgium Introduction Methodology Apple aphids, especially Dysaphis plantaginea Passerini, are among the most abundant and destructive To achieve the principal goal of this study, we started by monitoring the seasonal activity of aphids and insect pests of apple tree crops in Belgium, but also in all temperate regions. Their feeding can damage their natural enemies during the 2014-2015 growing seasons in several woody and herbaceous plant the crop and decrease the yield quality and quantity. Managing these pests by conventional farming and habitats including apple orchards and the associated flora. monocropping systems have been often caused a series of environmental problems. Based on our monitoring data obtained during 2014-2015, we investigated the potential of a fruit Developing and implementing fruit intercrop system to enhance the biological control of apple aphids intercrop system to control aphids in the apple orchard. requires detailed basic knowledge of tritrophic interactions among plants, aphids and natural enemies. This study was carried out in the eastern part of Belgium, Limburg province, using visual observation The potential of aphids associated with different kinds of plant habitats, more particularly fruit tree techniques. crops, as natural source -
Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Plum and Cherry Plum in Bulgaria
DOI: 10.2478/ahr-2020-0004 Pavlin Vasilev, Radoslav Andreev, Hristina Kutinkova Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 1/2020 Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae 1 Nitra, Slovaca Universitas Agriculturae Nitriae, 2020, pp. 12–16 APHIDS (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) ON PLUM AND CHERRY PLUM IN BULGARIA Pavlin VASILEV*, Radoslav ANDREEV, Hristina KUTINKOVA Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria The species complex and infestations of aphids on plum (Prunus persica) and cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera) in Bulgaria were investigated during the period 2013–2018. Nine species from the family Aphididae were found: Brachycaudus helichrysi Kaltenbach (leaf-curling plum aphid), Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy (mealy plum aphid), Phorodon humuli Schrank (hop aphid), Brachycaudus prunicola Kaltenbach (brown plum aphid), Brachycaudus cardui Linnaeus (thistle aphid), Brachycaudus persicae Passerini (black peach aphid), Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae Linnaeus (waterlily aphid), Aphis spiraecola Patch (spiraea aphid) and Pterochloroides persicae Cholodkovsky (peach trunk aphid). The dominant species on plum are Hyalopterus pruni and Brachycaudus helichrysi. The first species is more widespread and of significantly higher density. The dominant species on cherry plum are Phorodon humuli and B. helichrysi. The species Brachycaudus prunicola is widespread both on plum and cherry plum in Bulgaria. It was found only on twigs, and therefore cannot be considered as a dangerous pest on fruit-bearing plum trees. The other species, some of them described as dangerous pests on plum, are today fairly rare and occur in low density, thus posing no danger to orchards. Keywords: Brachycaudus, Hyalopterus, Phorodon, Rhopalosiphum, Pterochloroides, Aphis In recent years, the areas with stone fruit orchards in Bulgaria the following two years – in orchards of 128 municipalities have considerably exceeded the areas with other fruit crops across all 28 districts of Bulgaria – in 2014, the southern part (Agrostatistics, 2016). -
Leaf-Curling Plum Aphid: 2021 Sponsors a Pest to Watch
Dan Gilrein Nora Catlin [email protected] [email protected] Volume 10 Number 23 April 2021 Leaf-Curling Plum Aphid: 2021 Sponsors A Pest to Watch Aphids are pests that are typically considered and discussed as a group, but in greenhouse production occasionally a species distinguishes itself. The leaf-curling plum aphid, Brachycaudus helichrysi, is one of those. We recently encountered it on Bracteantha (strawflower) causing distortion and stunting of new growth, not something one expects from more the commonly seen green peach and melon aphids. It was also found at the same time on Argyranthemum though without much if any of the distortion. We don’t often see aphids on these plants, though that may be changing with their increasing popularity and trend towards vegetative propagation. The infestation was also unusual for the white, filmy honeydew residue they left behind. And unlike some other aphids this one seems entirely focused upon new terminal growth and flower buds. There is no coincidence it was found on two related plants, as those in the daisy (Asteraceae or Compositae) family comprise their usual summer hosts. We have also occasionally encountered leaf- curling plum aphid on mums, also associated with some distortion of new leaves. Some forms of this aphid are also reported from red clover, but we can’t say whether this one would go to that host – some strains of aphids can be quite particular. Leaf-curling plum aphid derives its name from its overwintering host, plants in the genus Reprint with permission from the Prunus (plum, cherry, peach), where they’re a spring pest causing author(s) of this e-GRO Alert.