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Horticultural, Landscape, and Ornamental Crops Section F Pests common to Douglas-fir, Horticultural, True Fir, Pine and Spruce Christmas tree (Common pests)—Conifer Landscape, and aphid Cinara occidentalis and Cinara abietis Ornamental Crops Pest description and crop damage C. abietis are large, dark aphids typically feeding on upper stems and tended by ants. May distort stems. C. occidentalis feed at the base of needles on 1 year IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING THE USE and older foliage, often in the lower portion of the tree and may be OF CHLORPYRIFOS: quite damaging. The State of Oregon has adopted new restrictive rules on See table: the use of chlorpyrifos-containing products in Oregon. Hosts and Symptoms of Major Aphid and Adelgid Pests of Please refer to Oregon Department of Agriculture Christmas Trees Permanent Chlorpyrifos Rule at https://www.oregon.gov/oda/programs/Pesticides/ Management—cultural control RegulatoryIssues/Documents/Documents/2020/ C. abietis is easily spotted and often controlled by squishing ChlorpyrifosRule.pdf colonies by hand or spot spraying. Minor outbreaks of both species may be kept in check with beneficial insect predators or spot treatments. Management—chemical control ♦ azadirachtin (AzaDirect and others)—Some formulations are OMRI-listed for organic use. ♦ bifenthrin (OnyxPro, Sniper and others)—Restricted use pesticide. (Group 3) Christmas Tree Plantation Pests ♦ chlorpyrifos (Lorsban Advanced, Warhawk and others)— RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. (Group 1) Chal Landgren and Franki Porter ♦ Chromobacterium subtsugae (Grandevo)—OMRI-listed for Latest revision—March 2021 organic use. ♦ cyantraniliprole (Mainspring GNL)—(Group 28) ♦ cyclaniliprole (Group 28) + flonicamid (Group 29)—Pradia In all cases, follow the instructions on the pesticide label. The PNW ♦ dinotefuran (Safari 20 SG)— (Group 4) Insect Management Handbook has no legal status, whereas the ♦ flupyradifurone (Altus)—(Group 4) pesticide label is a legal document. Read the product label before ♦ imidacloprid (Admire Pro, Prey 1.6 and others)—(Group 4) making any pesticide applications. ♦ insecticidal soaps and oils (Ecotec, M-pede, 440 Superior Oil, Ultra-Pure Oil and others)—Some formulations are OMRI-listed for organic use. Notes ♦ malathion (organophosphate) (various formulations)—(Group 1) 1. Product names are listed as examples only. There may be numerous product options for some active ingredients. ♦ pymetrozine (Endeavor and others)—(Group 9) 2. Experience has shown that use of pyrethroid insecticides is ♦ spirotetramet (Ultor, Movento)—(Group 23) associated with subsequent spider mite outbreaks. Therefore, ♦ sulfoxaflor (Transform WG)—(Group 4c) monitor fields closely after using these materials. ♦ thiamethoxam (Flagship 25 WG)—(Group 4) 3. Check current label for application options (i.e. aerial vs. ground only), restrictions, re-entry intervals, pollinator safety, Management—biological control groundwater and stream buffer requirements, application ♦ aphid predators (Aphidoletes aphidimyza, Aphidius spp., Hippodamia timing, etc. spp., Chrysopa spp.)—Consider attracting predators with forage 4. To avoid resistance, growers are advised to not use repeated plantings and using products with low toxicity to predators. application of the same active ingredient or repeated use of See: chemicals in the same mode of action group. Biological Control of Nursery Pests Note: Products are listed in alphabetical order and not in order of preference or superiority of pest control. Christmas tree (Common pests)— Eriophyid needle mite Epitrimeris spp. and others Pest description and crop damage Very tiny, white, worm-shape mites found along stem and needle bases. Infested foliage takes on an olive-green color; older needles drop prematurely. PNW Insect Management Handbook F1 Management—chemical control ♦ insecticidal soaps and oils (Ecotec, Captiva, M-pede, Ultra-Pure Oil, 440 Superior [Winter only] and others)—Some formulations Biology and distribution of this mite is not well understood. Apply are OMRI- listed for organic production. when new growth is 1 inch or less. ♦ malathion (organophosphate) (various formulations)—(Group 1) ♦ abamectin (Avid, Minx and others) (Group 6) ♦ propargite (Omite-30WS, Omite 6E)—Restricted use pesticide. ♦ carbaryl (Sevin and others)—(Group 1) (Group 12) ♦ fenazaquin (Magister and others)—(Group 21) ♦ spinosad (Blackhawk, Conserve, Entrust and others)—(Group 5) ♦ fenpyroximate (Akari 5SC)—(Group 21) ♦ spirodiclofen (Envidor)—(Group 23) ♦ horticultural oil (Omni Supreme, 440 Superior Oil, Ultra-Pure Oil and others)—Test for phytotoxicity for any new product prior to Management—biological control widespread use. Some formulations are OMRI-listed for organic Predatory mites (Neoseiulus spp., Phytoseilulus spp. and others)— production. Note: Little is known regarding controlled releases yet control in ♦ spirodiclofen (Envidor)—(Group 23) plantations from native populations is common. See: Christmas tree (Common pests)—Root Biological Control of Nursery Pests weevil (adult) Strawberry root weevil (Otiorhynchus ovatus) and others Christmas tree (Common pests)—Spruce Pest description and crop damage Larvae are cream-colored, budworm C-shaped grubs that feed on roots, sometimes girdling them. Adults Choristoneura fumiferana feed on Douglas-fir and true fir needles, resulting in characteristic notching. Pest description and crop damage Green-brown larvae up to 1-inch long feed on foliage and buds of fir, spruce, and Douglas-fir. Management—cultural control Management—chemical control Site preparation with fallow period prior to planting will reduce habitat for weevils. Apply May–June or when bud flush is at 90 to 95% and new growth is 0.75 to 1 inch. Pay particular attention to areas adjacent to Management—chemical control infested forest. Two applications may be necessary. Control typically targets adult feeding at emergence. ♦ carbaryl (Sevin and others)—(Group 1) ♦ acephate (Orthene and others)—(Group 1) ♦ chlorpyrifos (Lorsban Advanced, Warhawk and others)— ♦ bifenthrin (OnyxPro, Sniper and others)—Restricted use pesticide. RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. (Group 1) (Group 3) ♦ Chromobacterium subtugae (Grandevo)—OMRI-listed for ♦ cyclaniliprole (Sarisa)—(Group 28) organic production. ♦ cyclaniliprole (Group 28) + flonicamid (Group 29)—Pradia ♦ esfenvalerate (Asana XL and others)—Restricted use pesticide. ♦ dinotefuran (Safari 20 SG)— (Group 4) (Group 3) ♦ esfenvalerate (Asana XL and others)—Restricted use pesticide. ♦ methoxyfenozide (Intrepid 2F)—(Group 18) (Group 3) ♦ spinosad (Blackhawk, Conserve, Entrust and others)—Some ♦ thiamethoxam (Flagship 25 WG)—(Group 4) formulations are OMRI-listed for organic production. (Group 5) ♦ tebufenozide (Confirm)—(Group 18) Christmas tree (Common pests)—Spider mite Oligonychus ununguis and others Christmas tree (Common pests)—White grub Includes Polyphylla decemlineata, Plecoma spp., Aphodius spp. Pest description and crop damage Dark green mite stipples and bronzes needles, beginning at the base. Overwinters as red-orange Pest description and crop damage Small to large C-shaped, white eggs. scarab beetle larva with six legs and a brown head. Grubs feed on roots, often killing young trees. Many follow the soil moisture and Management—chemical control may appear absent in summer. ♦ abamectin (Avid, Minx and others)—(Group 6) ♦ azadirachtin (AzaDirect and others)—Some formulations are Management—biological control OMRI-listed for organic production. Some growers have observed partial control from parasitic ♦ bifenazate (Acramite 4SC, Floramite SC, and others)—(Group 20) nematodes, but results are poorly replicated. ♦ bifenthrin (OnyxPro, Sniper and others)—Restricted use pesticide. Management—chemical control (Group 3) ♦ Chromobacterium subtsugae (Grandevo )—OMRI-listed for To date, chemical control on established large grub populations has organic use. not been effective. ♦ clofentezine (Apollo SC and others)—(Group 10) ♦ bifenthrin (OnyxPro, Sniper and others)—Restricted use pesticide. ♦ etoxazole (TetraSan 5 WDG and others)—(Group10) (Group 3) ♦ fenazaquin (Magistar and others)—(Group 21) ♦ carbaryl (Sevin and others)—(Group 1) ♦ fenbutatin-oxide (Vendex and others)—Restricted use pesticide. ♦ imidacloprid (Admire Pro, Nuprid 2F)—(Group 4) (Group12b) ♦ thiamethoxam (Flagship 25 WG)—(Group 4) ♦ fenpyroximate (Akari 5 SC and others)—(Group 21) ♦ hexythiazox (Onager, Hexygon, Savey)—(Group 10) F2 PNW Insect Management Handbook Douglas-fir ♦ spirotetramat (Ultor, Movento)—(Group 23) ♦ thiamethoxam (Flagship 25 WG)—(Group 4) Christmas tree (Douglas-fir)—Black Christmas tree (Douglas-fir)—Douglas-fir pineleaf scale Nuculaspis californica needle midge Contarinia spp. Pest description and crop damage Gray-black scale. Hosts: Douglas-fir and pine. Pest description and crop damage Adult is a small midge (fly). Larvae mine needles; they often appear as a purple node above Management—chemical control which the needles are distorted. Degree day models and traps are ♦ azadirachtin (AzaDirect and others)—Some formulations are available to monitor pest emergence. OMRI-listed for organic production. Management—chemical control ♦ bifenthrin (OnyxPro, Sniper and others)—Restricted use. (Grp 3) ♦ buprofezin (Talus and others)—(Group 16) Time applications based on adult needle midge trap catch. Time to ♦ chlorpyrifos (Lorsban Advanced, Warhawk and others)-(Group 1) coincide with adult emergence. RESTRICTED USE IN OREGON. ♦ acephate (Orthene)—(Group 1) ♦ dinotefuran (Safari 20 SG)— (Group 4) ♦ bifenthrin ( OnyxPro, Sniper and others)—Restricted
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