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The North-West Rebellion 1885 Riel on Trial
182-199 120820 11/1/04 2:57 PM Page 182 Chapter 13 The North-West Rebellion 1885 Riel on Trial It is the summer of 1885. The small courtroom The case against Riel is being heard by in Regina is jammed with reporters and curi- Judge Hugh Richardson and a jury of six ous spectators. Louis Riel is on trial. He is English-speaking men. The tiny courtroom is charged with treason for leading an armed sweltering in the heat of a prairie summer. For rebellion against the Queen and her Canadian days, Riel’s lawyers argue that he is insane government. If he is found guilty, the punish- and cannot tell right from wrong. Then it is ment could be death by hanging. Riel’s turn to speak. The photograph shows What has happened over the past 15 years Riel in the witness box telling his story. What to bring Louis Riel to this moment? This is the will he say in his own defence? Will the jury same Louis Riel who led the Red River decide he is innocent or guilty? All Canada is Resistance in 1869-70. This is the Riel who waiting to hear what the outcome of the trial was called the “Father of Manitoba.” He is will be! back in Canada. Reflecting/Predicting 1. Why do you think Louis Riel is back in Canada after fleeing to the United States following the Red River Resistance in 1870? 2. What do you think could have happened to bring Louis Riel to this trial? 3. -
Shared with You Here
Winged moccasins Winged Words by Margaret Complin I wish to thank the Editors 'Lohose en couragement made this booklet possible. perance, the first post of the Qu'Appelle of which any record appears to bt. available, was built in 1783 by a Nor'wester, Robert Grant. "There is eviden ce that the Hudson's Bay also had sent men from the Assiniboine to the Mis souri about this time," says Lawrence J. Burpee in "The Search for the ' 'Vestern Sea," but neither names nor dates are now extant." Brandon House on the Assiniboine, about seventeen m iles below the city of Brandon, was built by the Company in 1794. Two years later the post a t P ortage la P rairie (the site of La Verendrye's Fort la R eine) was est ablished. According to Dr. Bryce it was about 1799 that the Company took possession of the Assini boine district. The Swan River count ry, w hich later became one of the most important districts of the Northern Department of Rupert's Land, is associated with the name of Daniel Harmon, the Nor'west er, who arrived in the district in 1800. Harmon spent over three years a t Fort Alexandria and various post s in the district, and we learn from his journal that in 1804 he was at Lac la Peche (probably what we t oday call the Quill Lakes). On March 1st he w as at Last Mountain Lake, and by Sunday, 11th, had reached the banks of Cata buy se pu (the River that Calls). -
CTK-First-Nations Glimpse
CARRY THE KETTLE NAKOTA FIRST NATION Historical and Current Traditional Land Use Study JIM TANNER, PhD., DAVID R. MILLER, PhD., TRACEY TANNER, M.A., AND PEGGY MARTIN MCGUIRE, PhD. On the cover Front Cover: Fort Walsh-1878: Grizzly Bear, Mosquito, Lean Man, Man Who Took the Coat, Is Not a Young Man, One Who Chops Wood, Little Mountain, and Long Lodge. Carry the Kettle Nakota First Nation Historical and Current Traditional Land Use Study Authors: Jim Tanner, PhD., David R. Miller, PhD., Tracey Tanner, M.A., and Peggy Martin McGuire, PhD. ISBN# 978-0-9696693-9-5 Published by: Nicomacian Press Copyright @ 2017 by Carry the Kettle Nakota First Nation This publication has been produced for informational and educational purposes only. It is part of the consultation and reconciliation process for Aboriginal and Treaty rights in Canada and is not for profit or other commercial purposes. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatever without the written permission of the Carry the Kettle First Nation, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in reviews. Layout and design by Muse Design Inc., Calgary, Alberta. Printing by XL Print and Design, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Table of Figures 3 Letter From Carry the Kettle First Nation Chief 4 Letter From Carry the Kettle First Nation Councillor Kurt Adams 5 Elder and Land User Interviewees 6 Preface 9 Introduction 11 PART 1: THE HISTORY CHAPTER 1: EARLY LAND USE OF THE NAKOTA PEOPLES 16 Creation Legend 16 Archaeological Evidence 18 Early -
Historic Reesor Ranch
Susan R. Eaton, MI’11 Director, Prairies/NWT Region, Canadian Chapter, Explorers Club Email: [email protected] and Theresa and Scott Reesor Box 1001 Maple Creek, Saskatchewan S0N 1N0 Phone/Fax 1-306-662-3498 http://www.reesorranch.com/aboutranch.html Email: [email protected] Expedition to the Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan, Canada June 15-18, 2017 First Nations peoples occupied the Cypress Hills for millennia, where they harvested abundant game and plants, and held their spiritual ceremonies. Today, visitors enjoy the breath-taking vistas of the Cypress Hills, which have been preserved as Canada’s first Interprovincial Park and Dark-Sky Preserve spanning the Saskatchewan–Alberta border. The Cypress Hills tower some 200 metres above the surrounding prairies—reaching an elevation of 1,468 metres above sea level—and represent the highest point between the Labrador and the Rocky Mountains. Expedition participants will experience the steep rises, lush valleys and pine-scented breezes of mountain air atop this island in the prairies. The area is world-renowned for its rare orchids, rough fescue (grasses), expansive lodgepole pine forests, and for its unique geological, archaeological and historical significance. The area is also home to pronghorn antelope, white-tailed and mule deer, moose, elk, fox, coyotes, bobcats and cougars. The Explorers Club will be hosted by Scott and Theresa Reesor, at their Reesor Historic Ranch which celebrated its 100th birthday in 2016. The Reesors are very excited to host our intrepid group of explorers. Join us as we celebrate Canada’s 150th anniversary by stepping back in time to the 1870s… and further… 1 Imagine the North-West Mounted Police—resplendent in their Red Serge—riding across the prairies; hear Métis legends handed down through generations; and discover Canada's part in the aftermath of the Battle of Little Big Horn. -
National Historic Sites of Canada System Plan Will Provide Even Greater Opportunities for Canadians to Understand and Celebrate Our National Heritage
PROUDLY BRINGING YOU CANADA AT ITS BEST National Historic Sites of Canada S YSTEM P LAN Parks Parcs Canada Canada 2 6 5 Identification of images on the front cover photo montage: 1 1. Lower Fort Garry 4 2. Inuksuk 3. Portia White 3 4. John McCrae 5. Jeanne Mance 6. Old Town Lunenburg © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, (2000) ISBN: 0-662-29189-1 Cat: R64-234/2000E Cette publication est aussi disponible en français www.parkscanada.pch.gc.ca National Historic Sites of Canada S YSTEM P LAN Foreword Canadians take great pride in the people, places and events that shape our history and identify our country. We are inspired by the bravery of our soldiers at Normandy and moved by the words of John McCrae’s "In Flanders Fields." We are amazed at the vision of Louis-Joseph Papineau and Sir Wilfrid Laurier. We are enchanted by the paintings of Emily Carr and the writings of Lucy Maud Montgomery. We look back in awe at the wisdom of Sir John A. Macdonald and Sir George-Étienne Cartier. We are moved to tears of joy by the humour of Stephen Leacock and tears of gratitude for the courage of Tecumseh. We hold in high regard the determination of Emily Murphy and Rev. Josiah Henson to overcome obstacles which stood in the way of their dreams. We give thanks for the work of the Victorian Order of Nurses and those who organ- ized the Underground Railroad. We think of those who suffered and died at Grosse Île in the dream of reaching a new home. -
Fort Walsh Cypress Hills Massacre
Fort Walsh National Historic Site of Canada and Cypress Hills Massacre National Historic Site of Canada Management PlanNational Park of Canada 2013 © Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada, represented by the Chief Executive Officer of Parks Canada, 2013 Cette publication est aussi disponible en français Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Parks Canada Fort Walsh National Historic Site of Canada and Cypress Hills Massacre National Historic Site of Canada management plan. Issued also in French under title: Lieu historique national du Canada du Fort- Walsh et Lieu historique national du Canada du Massacre-de-Cypress Hills plan directeur. Available also on the Internet. ISBN 978-1-100-21401-6 Cat. no.: R61-85/2012E 1. Fort Walsh National Historic Site (Sask.)--Management. 2. Cypress Hills Massacre National Historic Site (Sask.)--Management. 3. Northwest, Canadian--History--1870-1905. 4. Royal Canadian Mounted Police--History. 5. Cypress Hills Massacre, Sask., 1873. I. Title. FC3514 F67 P37 2012 971.24'302 C2012-980207-7 Fort Walsh National Historic Site of Canada and Cypress Hills Massacre National Historic Site of Canada Management Plan 2013 Foreword Canada's national historic sites, national parks and national marine conservation areas are part of a century-strong Parks Canada network which provides Canadians and visitors from around the world with unique opportunities to experience and embrace our wonderful country. From our smallest national park to our most visited national historic site to our largest national marine conservation area, each of Canada's treasured places offers many opportunities to enjoy Canada's historic and natural heritage. -
Canada's 46 National Parks, 168 National Historic Sites, 4 National
Canada’s 46 National Parks, 168 National Historic Sites, 219 Les 46 parcs nationaux, 168 lieux historiques nationaux, 4 aires marines 4 National Marine Conservation Areas and 1 National Urban Park nationales de conservation et 1 parc urbain national du Canada •– National Park •– National Historic Site – National Marine Conservation Area •– National Urban Park •– Parc national •– Lieu historique national – Aire marine nationale de conservation •– Parc urbain national Newfoundland and New Brunswick Ontario Manitoba British Columbia Terre-Neuve-et- Nouveau-Brunswick Ontario Manitoba Colombie-Britannique Labrador Labrador 49 Kouchibouguac 93 Glengarry Cairn 138 York Factory 179 Yoho 49 Kouchibouguac 93 Cairn-de-Glengarry 138 York Factory 179 Yoho 1 Torngat Mountains 50 Fort Gaspareaux 94 Sir John Johnson House 139 Wapusk 180 Rogers Pass 1 Monts-Torngat 50 Fort-Gaspareaux 94 Maison-de- 139 Wapusk 180 Col-Rogers 2 Hopedale Mission 51 Monument-Lefebvre 95 Inverarden House 140 Prince of Wales Fort 181 Mount Revelstoke 2 Mission-de-Hopedale 51 Monument-Lefebvre Sir-John-Johnson 140 Fort-Prince-de-Galles 181 Mont-Revelstoke 3 Akami–uapishk u- 52 Fort Beauséjour–Fort 96 Laurier House 141 Lower Fort Garry 182 Glacier 3 Akami–uapishk u- 52 Fort-Beauséjour–Fort- 95 Maison-Inverarden 141 Lower Fort Garry 182 Glaciers KakKasuak-Mealy Cumberland 97 Rideau Canal 142 St. Andrew’s Rectory 183 Kicking Horse Pass KakKasuak-Monts-Mealy Cumberland 96 Maison-Laurier 142 Presbytère-St. Andrew’s 183 Col-Kicking Horse 207 Mountains (Reserve) 53 La Coupe Dry Dock -
Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), Formerly Known As Lloydminster the North West Mounted Police 16 Paynton
1-877-2ESCAPE | www.sasktourism.com Travel Itinerary | trail of the mounties To access online maps of Saskatchewan or to request a Saskatchewan Discovery Guide and Official Highway Map, visit: www.sasktourism.com/travel-information/travel-guides-and-maps Trip Length 4-5 days trail of the mounties 1310 km RCMP Sunset Retreat Ceremony, Regina. Tourism Saskatchewan/Hans-Gerhard Pfaffer Saskatoon Regina • Itinerary Route • Alternate Route The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), formerly known as Lloydminster the North West Mounted Police 16 Paynton Little Pine (NWMP), are Canada’s national 674 Poundmaker North Battleford Cut Knife 40 police force and one of the most Fort Battleford National Historic Site A T 16 respected and well-known law- ALBER enforcement agencies in the world. Biggar Nothing quite says Canada like the image of Mounties clad in the Force’s traditional scarlet tunic, and no other place in the country 4 Saskatoon 31 has closer ties to the RCMP than Saskatchewan. Starting in Regina, Herschel Regina Rosetown this five day driving tour takes you to four of Saskatchewan’s, and indeed Canada’s, most significant RCMP sites. SASKATCHEWAN South Saskatchewan River DAY ONE Regina Sask Landing Provincial Park Lake Diefenbaker Regina A visit to Regina’s RCMP Heritage Centre is the perfect place to start 4 Moose Jaw 1 – a fascinating look at the world-famous police force through exhibits, Swift Current multi-media presentations and on-site interpretation. The building 1 2 1 is impressive in its own right, a unique and environmentally-friendly Maple Creek Cypress Hills stone, glass and concrete structure designed by famous architect Lloydminster Winery 271 Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park Arthur Erickson. -
Fort Walsh National Historic Site of Canada Canada
Fort Walsh National Historic Site of Canada A North West Mounted Police post (1875-83) later used (1942-68) to breed horses for the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the Musical Ride headquarters to Regina in 1882. Fort Walsh was closed and taken apart in 1883. In 1942, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP - formerly the NWMP) purchased the site of the fort. They wanted to use it to raise horses for the force and the RCMP Musical Ride. The RCMP Remount Ranch was built to look exactly like the old fort. In 1968, the RCMP Remount Ranch was transferred to Parks Canada and the RCMP horse-breeding Merryflat, Saskatchewan, Canada ( 1878) program was moved to Packenham, Ontario. BACKGROUND REASON (S) FOR NATIONAL HISTORIC SIGNIFICANCE Founded in 1875, Fort Walsh quickly became In 1875 a detachment of North the most important, largest and most heavily West Mounted Police under armed fort of the North West Mounted Police Superintendent James Morrow (NWMP). Walsh built a post here, which served from 1878 to 1882 as the When a group of wolf hunters and whiskey headquarters of the force. The men traders attacked a Nakoda camp to recover stationed here played a key role in implementing Canada's Indian a missing horse in 1873, the ensuing Policy and in supervising the Sioux massacre convinced the Canadian who had fled to Canada with Sitting government that an organized presence was Bull after the Battle of Little Big needed in the lawless west. Horn. Following the return of the Sioux to the United States and the The NWMP were sent west in 1874. -
Title Author Publisher Date in V. Iss. # C. Key Words Call Number
Title Author Publisher Date In V. Iss. # C. Key Words Call Number Field Manual for Avocational Archaeologists Adams, Nick The Ontario 1994 1 Archaeology, Methodology CC75.5 .A32 1994 in Ontario Archaeological Society Inc. Prehistoric Mesoamerica Adams, Richard E. Little, Brown and 1977 1 Archaeology, Aztec, Olmec, Maya, Teotihuacan F1219 .A22 1991 W. Company Lithic Illustration: Drawing Flaked Stone Addington, Lucile R. The University of 1986 Archaeology 000Unavailable Artifacts for Publication Chicago Press The Bark Canoes and Skin Boats of North Adney, Edwin Tappan Smithsonian Institution 1983 1 Form, Construction, Maritime, Central Canada, E98 .B6 A46 1983 America and Howard I. Press Northwestern Canada, Arctic Chappelle The Knife River Flint Quarries: Excavations Ahler, Stanley A. State Historical Society 1986 1 Archaeology, Lithic, Quarry E78 .N75 A28 1986 at Site 32DU508 of North Dakota The Prehistoric Rock Paintings of Tassili N' Mazonowicz, Douglas Douglas Mazonowicz 1970 1 Archaeology, Rock Art, Sahara, Sandstone N5310.5 .T3 M39 1970 Ajjer The Archeology of Beaver Creek Shelter Alex, Lynn Marie Rocky Mountain Region 1991 Selections form the 3 1 Archaeology, South Dakota, Excavation E78 .S63 A38 1991 (39CU779): A Preliminary Statement National Park Service Division of Cultural Resources People of the Willows: The Prehistory and Ahler, Stanley A., University of North 1991 1 Archaeology, Mandan, North Dakota E99 .H6 A36 1991 Early History of the Hidatsa Indians Thomas D. Thiessen, Dakota Press Michael K. Trimble Archaeological Chemistry -
Canada's Subjugation of the Plains Cree, 1879–1885
JOHN L. TOBIAS Canada'sSubjugation of thePlains Cree,ß 879- 885 ONEOF THE MOST PERSISTENT MYTHS that Canadianhistorians perpetuate is that of the honourableand just policyCanada followed in dealing with the PlainsIndians. First enunciatedin the Canadianexpansionist literature of the 187os as a means to emphasizethe distinctive Canadianapproach to and the uniquecharacter of the Canadianwest, 1 it hasbeen given credence by G.F.G. Stanleyin his classicThe Birth of WesternCanada, • and by all those who use Stanley'swork as the standardinterpretation of Canada'srelationship with the PlainsIndians in the period 187o-85. Thus studentsare taughtthat the Canadian governmentwas paternalistic and far-sightedin offeringthe Indiansa meansto becomecivilized and assimilatedinto white societyby the reservesystem, and honest and fair-minded in honouring legal commitmentsmade in the treaties.• The PlainsIndians, and particu- larly the PlainsCree, are saidto be a primitivepeople adhering to an inflexiblesystem of traditionand custom,seeking to protectthemselves againstthe advanceof civilization,and takingup armsin rejectionof the reservesystem and an agriculturalway of life.4 This traditional Doug Owram, Promiseof Eden: The Canadian Expansionist Movement and the Idea of the West,•856-•9oo (Toronto •98o), •3•-4 G.F.G. Stanley,The Birth of WesternCanada: A Historyof theRiel Rebellions(Toronto •96o) Ibid., 2o6-• 5 Ibid., vii-viii, • 96, 2 • 6-36. It shouldbe noted that the traditionalinterpretation of a Cree rebellionin associationwith the Metis hasbeen challenged by R. Allen, 'Big Bear,' SaskatchewanHistory, xxv (•972); W.B. Fraser,'Big Bear, Indian Patriot,'Alberta Historical Review, x•v 0966), •-• 3; Rudy Wiebe in his fictional biography,The Temptations ofBig Bear (Toronto •973) and in hisbiography of Big Bear in the Dictionaryof CanadianBiography [r•cB], x•, •88•-9o (Toronto •982), 597-6o •; and NormaSluman, Poundmaker (Toronto • 967). -
CHAPTER 9 Extra Notes
CHAPTER 9 GROWTH IN THE WEST NATURAL RESOURCES AND HISTORY Natural resources are the parts of nature that people can use – fish, land furs, water, oil and minerals Canada is rich in natural resources. The Importance of Land The land itself is an important natural resource. It has value because it is the place where we live. It also has value because of what it provides – water, plants, and animals on the land. The vast majority wanted one thing LAND. Securing the Land A country is not a country without land. Canada wanted to secure its claim to the land in the West before the Americans could occupy it. Canada brought the Rupert’s land from the Hudson’s Bay Company, which became known as the North West Territories. The government had to gain control of the land. This is why the First Nations signed treaties with the government. The government also began to mark the Canada-US border. The NWMP were sent in to make the land safe for all the expected newcomers. Marking the Border With the help of Métis guides, American and British surveyors marked the boundary. Surveyors carefully measured the land and marked the border. Every 1.6 kilometers (1 mile) they planted an iron post in the ground. About every 5 kilometers (3 miles) they build a low mound of earth. The markings showed the exact limit of Canadian territory. Trouble in Whoop-Up Country The Cypress Hills rise up from the flat prairie in southern Saskatchewan and Alberta. It was home to the Cree, Nakoda and Siksika for the winter.