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Talk Shows and Language Attitudes: a Sociolinguistic Investigation of Language Attitudes Towards Taiwan Mandarin Among Chinese Mainlanders City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2016 Talk Shows and Language Attitudes: A Sociolinguistic Investigation of Language Attitudes Towards Taiwan Mandarin Among Chinese Mainlanders Chun-Yi Peng The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1510 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] TALK SHOWS AND LANGUAGE ATTITUDES: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC INVESTIGATION OF LANGUAGE ATTITUDES TOWARDS TAIWAN MANDARIN AMONG CHINESE MAINLANDERS By CHUN-YI PENG A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Center Faculty in Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2016 © 2016 CHUN-YI PENG All Rights Reserved ii This manuscript has been read and accepted by the Graduate Faculty in Linguistics in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Dr. Cecelia Cutler __________________ _______________________________ Date Chair of the Examining Committee Dr. Gita Martohardjono __________________ _______________________________ Date Executive Officer Dr. William Haddican Dr. Michael Newman Dr. Qing Zhang Supervisory Committee THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Talk Shows and Language Attitudes: A Sociolinguistic Investigation of Language Attitudes towards Taiwan Mandarin Among Chinese Mainlanders By Chun-Yi Peng Advisor: Professor Cecelia Cutler This dissertation looks at the effects of media exposure and language ideologies on Mandarin speakers’ acceptability judgments. Although there is a long-standing tradition against citing media exposure as a source of language variation, I show that 1) media exposure to a non-local perceptually salient variant can make people more likely to rate non-local linguistic features as grammatically acceptable, and 2) media exposure shapes people’s language attitudes—a new alignment of attitudes is emerging among the millennials on the mainland. Data were collected through an online survey consisting of grammaticality judgments, matched-guise tasks, open-ended attitudinal questions, and demographic questions. The data show that the social prestige of Taiwan Mandarin (TM) may be waning, which can be ascribed in part to 1) social and economic changes on the mainland, and 2) the change of TM itself. Deviating from Mainland Standard Mandarin, TM is perceived by many millennials on the mainland as gentle, pretentious and emasculated, which embodies the dynamics of language ideologies: they vary both diachronically and synchronically. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Even though it is a relatively short dissertation, it developed over a long stretch of time, leaving me with many people to thank. First, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Dr. Cecelia Cutler. Her excellent guidance helped me throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. I appreciate all her contributions of time, ideas, and patience, including the independent study, which was extremely helpful to my dissertation research and gave me a deeper understanding of sociolinguistics. All of these make my learning experience at the Graduate Center of CUNY productive and stimulating. I am also greatly indebted to the rest of my dissertation committee: Drs. William Haddican, Michael Newman, and Qing Zhang for their valuable feedback and insightful comments. Special thanks go to my friend Dr. Chengshi Shiu for his constant and patient help with statistical analyses. My time at the Graduate Center was made enjoyable in large part due to all my friends at the Graduate Center, some of whom helped me during the writing process of this dissertation. Xu Luo deserves special mention for her great help with data collection. This dissertation project was also funded by the Doctoral Student Research Grants at the Graduate Center. I would also like to thank each and every one of my research informants for their precious time and feedback. My time at CUNY was also enriched by many other CUNY colleges where I have taught. I am very grateful to have the opportunities to work and learn even beyond academics with a group of exuberant and inspiring people in this diverse community. Lastly, I would like to thank my parents for all their love and encouragement, and for being supportive in all my pursuits for all time. All these would not have been possible without them. v Contents Preface ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 2 1.1. Research questions ......................................................................................................... 2 1.2. Defining the variables .................................................................................................... 7 1.2.1. Gei-phrase in the Path Construction .............................................................................. 7 1.2.2. Aspectual you ............................................................................................................... 10 1.3. Pilot study I .................................................................................................................. 13 Chapter 2. Chinese: a sociohistorical overview ........................................................................ 23 2.1. Historical background .................................................................................................. 23 2.2. Today’s dialects ........................................................................................................... 25 2.3. Contact situation .......................................................................................................... 29 2.4. Mandarin in Taiwan ..................................................................................................... 31 2.4.1. Sociolinguistic background .......................................................................................... 31 2.4.2. Linguistic features ........................................................................................................ 34 2.4.3. Attitudes toward the languages in Taiwan ................................................................... 36 Chapter 3. Language ideologies, identity, and style .................................................................. 41 3.1. Language ideologies .................................................................................................... 41 3.2. Registers of language ................................................................................................... 46 3.3. The three waves of variation studies ............................................................................ 47 3.4. Pilot Study II ................................................................................................................ 51 3.5. Media representations of gender ideologies in East Asia ............................................. 53 Chapter 4. Televised media and sociolinguistic change ............................................................ 57 4.1. The debate .................................................................................................................... 57 4.2. The spread of innovation .............................................................................................. 60 4.3. Shift of paradigm ......................................................................................................... 64 4.3.1. From mediation and mediatization ............................................................................... 66 4.3.2. From language change to sociolinguistic change ......................................................... 69 4.4. Televised media in Greater China ................................................................................ 71 Chapter 5. Methodology ............................................................................................................ 77 5.1. Subjects ........................................................................................................................ 77 5.2. Procedure ..................................................................................................................... 78 vi 5.2.2. Matched-guise attitude task ......................................................................................... 78 5.2.3. Attitudinal questionnaire .............................................................................................. 80 5.2.4. Demographic questions ................................................................................................ 82 5.3. Data analysis ................................................................................................................ 82 Chapter 6. Results and discussion ............................................................................................. 85 6.1. Overall distribution of the varian ................................................................................. 85 6.2. Principle Component Analysis ....................................................................................
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