DOCSLIB.ORG

Race-Mixing, Mistresses, and Servants in Plantation Literature Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Race-Mixing, Mistresses, and Servants in Plantation Literature Of Women of the House: Race-Mixing, Mistresses, and Servants in Plantation Literature of the Americas, 1839-2009 A Thesis by Kathleen Sparks submitted to University College London Centre for Multidisciplinary and Intercultural Inquiry as partial requirement for the completion of a PhD in Comparative Literature Professor Stephen M. Hart (Spanish) – Supervisor Doctor Linda Freedman (English) – Advisor Doctor Tyler Fisher (Spanish) – Tertiary 1 Declaration I, Kathleen Sparks, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. ________________________________________ 2 Acknowledgements Many people supported the completion of this project. I would like to thank my supervisor, Professor Stephen Hart, for his invaluable advice, encouragement, and keen critical eye. My gratitude also goes to my advisor, Doctor Linda Freedman, and to Doctor Tyler Fisher for their many constructive and helpful comments and suggestions. Thank you to my husband for his endless, endless support and to our daughter for her endless smiles. A million thanks to my parents, who raised me to never stop moving forward. Finally, I am grateful to the Universe for granting me the gifts, tools, and time to undertake this journey. 3 Abstract This study traces literary representations of race-mixing in the Americas as informed by the paradigms of the true Plantation, the nostalgic Plantation, and the post-Plantation, especially through the figure of the black and mixed-race female domestic servant and the potential for darkening she continues to embody. A comparison of US texts with their contemporary counterparts in Latin America focuses on differing ideologies of race-mixing that resulted in divergent representations of black and mixed-race women by Plantation writers, especially in regard to their sexuality. The works analyzed here include: the nineteenth- century abolitionist novels Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe, Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda’s Sab, Cirilo Villaverde’s Cecilia Valdés, and Bernardo Guimarães’s A Escrava Isaura; the interwar works Las memorias de Mamá Blanca by Teresa de la Parra and Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind; and turn-of-the-century novels Como agua para chocolate by Laura Esquivel, Mario Vargas Llosa’s Elogio de la madrastra and Los cuadernos de don Rigoberto, and Kathryn Stockett’s The Help. The representations of black and mixed-race female servants reveal an erasure of race-mixing in US literature that results in the figure’s relegation to a sexless mammy type. Alternatively, Latin America’s relative embrace of mixing results in a different fate for the servant; though granted greater agency and complexity in the literature, she is ascribed an aggressive or hyperactive sexuality that exposes more nuanced regional anxieties about race-mixing and the female body. This study argues that these differences originate in a foundational religious belief in the US’s unique spiritual project, which has worked to exclude the female subaltern from the national identity. Ultimately, this taboo mindset 4 surrounding race-mixing manifests in US post-Plantation literature in an eradication of normative black sexuality unparalleled in contemporary Latin American texts, and condemns its female servant characters to a dehumanizing fate: unwanted, ignored, silenced, unpersoned. 5 Table of contents Declaration ............................................................................................................ 2 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 3 Abstract ................................................................................................................. 4 Table of contents .................................................................................................. 6 INTRODUCTION: Race-Mixing, the Female Servant, and Religion in the Plantation Home ................................................................................................... 7 PART 1: In the Plantation – Sentimental Abolitionism, 1839-1882 ............. 37 CHAPTER 1: Uncle Tom’s Cabin ....................................................................... 43 CHAPTER 2: Mestizaje and Incest in Cuba ....................................................... 68 CHAPTER 3: Mestiço Brazil ............................................................................. 101 PART 2: Plantation Nostalgia – Mixing and Memory, 1929-1936 .............. 125 CHAPTER 4: Remembering Piedra Azul: Las memorias de Mamá Blanca.... 133 CHAPTER 5: Going Back to Tara in Gone with the Wind ............................... 167 PART 3: Post-Plantations, or, How to Be Friends with Your Maid, 1988-2009 ........................................................................................................................... 206 CHAPTER 6: Mixing at the Border and in the Bedroom – Como agua para chocolate and Vargas Llosa’s Erotic Novels .................................................... 213 CHAPTER 7: The (Helpful) Help ...................................................................... 244 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 263 Works Cited....................................................................................................... 268 6 INTRODUCTION: Race-Mixing, the Female Servant, and Religion in the Plantation Home The literary works examined in this study span 170 years, from the decades leading up to the end of slavery in the Americas to the first decade of the twenty-first century. These works are products of the Plantation, a paradigm from colonial times that continues to govern societies of the Americas.1 As argued in the pages that follow, the Plantation is both a physical place and an ideology that sets the socio-political, economic, religious, and racial norms and practices of the nations that lie within its parameters. As such, the Plantation, its history and its living legacy, emerges in literature of the Americas as both a setting and a state of mind. The Plantation writers2 in this study in fact bear witness to three iterations of the Plantation, which determine this study’s three-part structure. The first iteration of the Plantation is the true Plantation: literature from this period comes from within the Plantation, from a time and place where its living practices structured daily life. The Plantation’s defining institution, slavery, was under attack, and the true Plantation literature in this study formed part of the textual assault but still reflected contemporary Plantation paradigms and discourse. Plantation works included in this study are Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852), Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda’s Sab (1841), Cirilo Villaverde’s Cecilia Valdés (1882), and Bernardo Guimarães’s A Escrava Isaura (1875). 1 This study defines a plantation as a large farm or agricultural estate in the Americas, dating from the colonial period until the late nineteenth century, which produced cash crops through the exploitation of slave labor. The Plantation is a pan-American paradigm of shared customs, practices, and hierarchies, comprised by a network of plantations. 2 ‘Plantation writers’, in this study, references white writers whose work is set within the Plantation and who, as members of Plantation culture and part of the Plantation’s legacy, produce work that also reaffirms the Plantation’s hierarchies and hegemony. 7 The second iteration is the nostalgic Plantation; its depictions rely upon nostalgic yearning for a lost way of life. Its writers long not for a return to chattel slavery, but for a return to the clear hierarchies (regionally and nationally distinct thought they were) that existed within the true Plantation. This nostalgia expresses disillusionment with the present and looks backwards in search of solutions for an unsatisfactory present and future, and its literature praises the Plantation even as it seeks a path out of it. Las memorias de Mamá Blanca by Teresa de la Parra (1929) and Gone with the Wind (1936) enable a comparative reading of Plantation nostalgia. The third iteration is the ‘post-Plantation’. The term ‘post-Plantation’ is preferable to ambiguous and heavily laden terms such as ‘postcolonial’,3 and achieves two ends: one, it coincides with these terms in its concept of ‘post’ as something contemporary and culturally relevant (a late twentieth-century perspective that considers issues of class, gender, and race, for example); and two, it highlights the continued influence and legacy of the Plantation itself, which is purportedly shed in the ‘post-Plantation’, but which is in fact inescapable for Plantation writers. Laura Esquivel’s Como agua para chocolate (1989), Mario Vargas Llosa’s Elogio de la madrastra (1988) and Los cuadernos de don Rigoberto (1997), and Kathryn Stockett’s The Help (2009) each offer a potential rebuttal to the Plantation. Yet the traces of slavery’s collective trauma haunt these works and serve to ultimately reproduce the Plantation. In support of these claims, this study traces literary representations of 3 For work on postcolonial theory’s application to globalization in Latin American contexts, see Coronil, ‘Latin American Postcolonial Studies’; for its application to literature, see Lie, ‘Postcolonialism and Latin American Literatures’ and Ortega and Natali, ‘Postcolonialism and Postcolonial Writing’. For
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Women's Experimental Autobiography from Counterculture Comics to Transmedia Storytelling: Staging Encounters Across Time, Space, and Medium
    Women's Experimental Autobiography from Counterculture Comics to Transmedia Storytelling: Staging Encounters Across Time, Space, and Medium Dissertation Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Ohio State University Alexandra Mary Jenkins, M.A. Graduate Program in English The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Jared Gardner, Advisor Sean O’Sullivan Robyn Warhol Copyright by Alexandra Mary Jenkins 2014 Abstract Feminist activism in the United States and Europe during the 1960s and 1970s harnessed radical social thought and used innovative expressive forms in order to disrupt the “grand perspective” espoused by men in every field (Adorno 206). Feminist student activists often put their own female bodies on display to disrupt the disembodied “objective” thinking that still seemed to dominate the academy. The philosopher Theodor Adorno responded to one such action, the “bared breasts incident,” carried out by his radical students in Germany in 1969, in an essay, “Marginalia to Theory and Praxis.” In that essay, he defends himself against the students’ claim that he proved his lack of relevance to contemporary students when he failed to respond to the spectacle of their liberated bodies. He acknowledged that the protest movements seemed to offer thoughtful people a way “out of their self-isolation,” but ultimately, to replace philosophy with bodily spectacle would mean to miss the “infinitely progressive aspect of the separation of theory and praxis” (259, 266). Lisa Yun Lee argues that this separation continues to animate contemporary feminist debates, and that it is worth returning to Adorno’s reasoning, if we wish to understand women’s particular modes of theoretical ii insight in conversation with “grand perspectives” on cultural theory in the twenty-first century.
    [Show full text]
  • Books Added to the Collection: July 2014
    Books Added to the Collection: July 2014 - August 2016 *To search for items, please press Ctrl + F and enter the title in the search box at the top right hand corner or at the bottom of the screen. LEGEND : BK - Book; AL - Adult Library; YPL - Children Library; AV - Audiobooks; FIC - Fiction; ANF - Adult Non-Fiction; Bio - Biography/Autobiography; ER - Early Reader; CFIC - Picture Books; CC - Chapter Books; TOD - Toddlers; COO - Cookbook; JFIC - Junior Fiction; JNF - Junior Non Fiction; POE -Children's Poetry; TRA - Travel Guide Type Location Collection Call No Title AV AL ANF CD 153.3 GIL Big magic : Creative living / Elizabeth Gilbert. AV AL ANF CD 153.3 GRA Originals : How non-conformists move the world / Adam Grant. Irrationally yours : On missing socks, pick up lines, and other existential puzzles / Dan AV AL ANF CD 153.4 ARI Ariely. Think like a freak : The authors of Freakonomics offer to retrain your brain /Steven D. AV AL ANF CD 153.43 LEV Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner. AV AL ANF CD 153.8 DWE Mindset : The new psychology of success / Carol S. Dweck. The geography of genius : A search for the world's most creative places, from Ancient AV AL ANF CD 153.98 WEI Athens to Silicon Valley / Eric Weiner. AV AL ANF CD 158 BRO Rising strong / Brene Brown. AV AL ANF CD 158 DUH Smarter faster better : The secrets of prodctivity in life and business / Charles Duhigg. AV AL ANF CD 158.1 URY Getting to yes with yourself and other worthy opponents / William Ury. 10% happier : How I tamed the voice in my head, reduced stress without losing my edge, AV AL ANF CD 158.12 HAR and found self-help that actually works - a true story / Dan Harris.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC Santa Barbara UC Santa Barbara Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Loss, Rumination, and Narrative: Chicana/o Melancholy as Generative State Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w20960q Author Baca, Michelle Patricia Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Santa Barbara Loss, Rumination, and Narrative: Chicana/o Melancholy as Generative State A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Chicana and Chicano Studies by Michelle Patricia Baca Committee in Charge: Professor Francisco Lomelí, Chair Professor María Herrera-Sobek Professor Carl Gutierrez-Jones December 2014 The dissertation of Michelle Patricia Baca is approved. María Herrera-Sobek Carl Gutierrez Jones Francisco Lomelí, Chair December 2014 Loss, Rumination, and Narrative: Chicana/o Melancholy as Generative State Copyright © 2014 by Michelle Patricia Baca iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation is dedicated to the loving tribe that is comprised of my family, friends, teachers, and colleagues. Thanks to this bunch I’ve been blessed with love, support, and the complete confidence that I could do anything I set my mind to. Thank you to my parents, Mama and Dad I wouldn’t be who I am without you. I wouldn’t be where I am without you. Thank you to Joe, the best brother in the world. Thank you to my teachers, all of them ever. Thank you to my colleagues and friends. Thank you for inspiring me, challenging me, and supporting me. Thank you to Justin, my partner in life and love. Thank you for bearing with me, and being proud of me.
    [Show full text]
  • Uncle Tom's Cabin
    Revised Pages Excerpted from Tracy C. Davis and Stefka Mihaylova, eds., Journal of Transnational American Studies 11.2 (2020) Uncle Tom’s Cabins: A Transnational History of America’s Most Mutable Book (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2018). Copyright 2018 by Tracy C. Davis and Stefka Mihaylova. Reprinted with permission from University of Michigan Press. Kahlil Chaar- Pérez The Bonds of Translation: A Cuban Encounter with Uncle Tom’s Cabin Trough numerous translations, adaptations, and performances, mid- nineteenth- century sentimental communities across the world embraced Harriet Beecher Stowe’s plea in Uncle Tom’s Cabin to “feel right” in op- posing chattel slavery as “a system which confounds and confuses every principle of Christianity and morality” (452– 53). Although the British and French governments had already abolished it, slavery was still rampant in the United States, Brazil, and the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico during the 1850s, while serfdom subsisted in Russia. Moved by the novel’s afecting depiction of the horrors of enslavement, a transatlantic public coalesced around the universalist moral values through which Stowe ex- pressed her call for abolition: “See, then, to your sympathies in this mat- ter! Are they in harmony with the sympathies of Christ? or [sic] are they swayed and perverted by the sophistries of world policy?” (452). In the Protestant brand of sentimentalism found throughout Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the experience of sympathizing with the enslaved other is circumscribed within a pre- ideological order of feelings. In the pursuit of a “right” feeling determined by the universal spirit of “Christianity,” the ideal sympathetic subject is able to transcend the artifcial divisions fostered by the politi- cal sphere (“world policy”).
    [Show full text]
  • True Conservative Or Enemy of the Base?
    Paul Ryan: True Conservative or Enemy of the Base? An analysis of the Relationship between the Tea Party and the GOP Elmar Frederik van Holten (s0951269) Master Thesis: North American Studies Supervisor: Dr. E.F. van de Bilt Word Count: 53.529 September January 31, 2017. 1 You created this PDF from an application that is not licensed to print to novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) Page intentionally left blank 2 You created this PDF from an application that is not licensed to print to novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com) Table of Content Table of Content ………………………………………………………………………... p. 3 List of Abbreviations……………………………………………………………………. p. 5 Chapter 1: Introduction…………………………………………………………..... p. 6 Chapter 2: The Rise of the Conservative Movement……………………….. p. 16 Introduction……………………………………………………………………… p. 16 Ayn Rand, William F. Buckley and Barry Goldwater: The Reinvention of Conservatism…………………………………………….... p. 17 Nixon and the Silent Majority………………………………………………….. p. 21 Reagan’s Conservative Coalition………………………………………………. p. 22 Post-Reagan Reaganism: The Presidency of George H.W. Bush……………. p. 25 Clinton and the Gingrich Revolutionaries…………………………………….. p. 28 Chapter 3: The Early Years of a Rising Star..................................................... p. 34 Introduction……………………………………………………………………… p. 34 A Moderate District Electing a True Conservative…………………………… p. 35 Ryan’s First Year in Congress…………………………………………………. p. 38 The Rise of Compassionate Conservatism…………………………………….. p. 41 Domestic Politics under a Foreign Policy Administration……………………. p. 45 The Conservative Dream of a Tax Code Overhaul…………………………… p. 46 Privatizing Entitlements: The Fight over Welfare Reform…………………... p. 52 Leaving Office…………………………………………………………………… p. 57 Chapter 4: Understanding the Tea Party……………………………………… p. 58 Introduction……………………………………………………………………… p. 58 A three legged movement: Grassroots Tea Party organizations……………... p. 59 The Movement’s Deep Story…………………………………………………… p.
    [Show full text]
  • LITERARY NONFICTION and the NATIONAL PARK MOVEMENT, 1864-PRESENT Lindsay Dunne
    Abstract Title of Dissertation: DEFINING PLACES: LITERARY NONFICTION AND THE NATIONAL PARK MOVEMENT, 1864-PRESENT Lindsay Dunne Jacoby, Doctor of Philosophy, 2014 Dissertation directed by: Professor Jeanne Fahnestock and Professor Scott Wible Department of English The canon of American “Nature writing” has long been recognized for its influence on environmental policy, but the role of specific works in shaping environmental discourse and altering material circumstances has yet to be fully understood, especially from a rhetorical perspective. In response, this dissertation explores how works of Nature writing have functioned as persuasive arguments of definition within the National Park movement. It analyzes how literary nonfiction texts promoted a public understanding of specific landscapes and redefined them as worthy of preservation. The idea of rhetorical ecology underlies this analysis: rather than relying on the commonplace idea that a single author writing a single text can influence an environmental policy, the dissertation traces how a work of literary nonfiction operates within a complex system of texts, writers, readers, institutions, objects, and history. The four main case studies demonstrate how new definitions of place have emerged through works of literary nonfiction, each acting in relationship to a larger campaign that led to the preservation of an American landscape as a National Park: Yosemite, Great Smoky Mountains, Everglades, and Voyageurs. In these landmark campaigns, a prominent work of Nature writing, by a prominent author like John Muir, Horace Kephart, Marjory Stoneman Douglas, and Sigurd Olson, built upon and contributed to a definitional discourse that enabled people to see a specific landscape differently than it had been seen before.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Viewbook (PDF)
    GREATNESS lies beyond the classroom uc.edu This is where YOU START This is where YOU START Experience is calling. Experience is calling. Find yours. We believe the walls of a Over $75 million in classroom should never confine collective co-op earnings. you or your education. That’s why (2019–2020) every Cincinnati student participates in experience-based learning: #1 for return on cooperative education / educational investment. internships / service learning / (Mic) study abroad / capstone projects / research / artistic performance Global birthplace of co-op. We invented it in 1906. 100% student participation Before you graduate, you’ll: in experience-based learning. • build a résumé that sets you apart • make connections that can lead to job offers Over the past • learn what you like most about your field five years, UC has consistently • gain the confidence that only experience provides sent 1,500+ students abroad » uc.edu/careereducation each year. uc.edu 5 Nearly 7,500 FULL-TIME PLACEMENTS and over $75 MILLION IN CO-OP EARNINGS (2019–2020) Make an The University of Cincinnati invented cooperative Co-op Schedule impact. education (co-op) over 110 years ago and has been a Undergraduate programs leader in experience-based learning ever since. While featuring co-op typically there are too many companies to list that have partnered take 5 years to complete: 4 years studying at UC with Cincinnati co-op students, the list below will give (paying tuition) and 12–18 you an idea of the types and scope of companies our months of employment (no students work with. tuition payments).
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Designing for Equity: Social Impact in Performing Arts-Based Cultural Exchange Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/46p561r4 Author Murdock, Sara Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Designing for Equity: Social Impact in Performing Arts-Based Cultural Exchange A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the Requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Culture and Performance by Sara Murdock 2018 © Copyright by Sara Murdock 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Designing for Equity: Social Impact in Performing Arts-Based Cultural Exchange by Sara Murdock Doctor of Philosophy in Culture and Performance University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor David H. Gere, Chair This dissertation focuses on the concept of social equity in the context of performing arts-based cultural exchange. The work draws upon with Performance Studies and Cultural Studies, reviews several examples through Critical Race Studies and Memory Studies lenses, and then makes advances in Whiteness Studies. All cases revolve around the performing arts as a vehicle for bridging difference. From a practical vantage, the dissertation reviews how organizations do or do not succeed in activating their intentions in an equitable fashion. The document culminates in a Checklist for Social Good, offering a tangible way to link programmatic intentions with implementation. Fieldwork cited includes interviews, ethnographies, and participant observations to determine how programmatic design within cultural exchange has affected social narratives, such as whose cultures have value and on whose terms the programs progress. The dissertation is ii particularly concerned with the ways in which different worldviews and cultures can communicate effectively so as to decrease violence and xenophobia.
    [Show full text]
  • Ever Faithful
    Ever Faithful Ever Faithful Race, Loyalty, and the Ends of Empire in Spanish Cuba David Sartorius Duke University Press • Durham and London • 2013 © 2013 Duke University Press. All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper ∞ Tyeset in Minion Pro by Westchester Publishing Services. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Sartorius, David A. Ever faithful : race, loyalty, and the ends of empire in Spanish Cuba / David Sartorius. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 8223- 5579- 3 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 978- 0- 8223- 5593- 9 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Blacks— Race identity— Cuba—History—19th century. 2. Cuba— Race relations— History—19th century. 3. Spain— Colonies—America— Administration—History—19th century. I. Title. F1789.N3S27 2013 305.80097291—dc23 2013025534 contents Preface • vii A c k n o w l e d g m e n t s • xv Introduction A Faithful Account of Colonial Racial Politics • 1 one Belonging to an Empire • 21 Race and Rights two Suspicious Affi nities • 52 Loyal Subjectivity and the Paternalist Public three Th e Will to Freedom • 94 Spanish Allegiances in the Ten Years’ War four Publicizing Loyalty • 128 Race and the Post- Zanjón Public Sphere five “Long Live Spain! Death to Autonomy!” • 158 Liberalism and Slave Emancipation six Th e Price of Integrity • 187 Limited Loyalties in Revolution Conclusion Subject Citizens and the Tragedy of Loyalty • 217 Notes • 227 Bibliography • 271 Index • 305 preface To visit the Palace of the Captain General on Havana’s Plaza de Armas today is to witness the most prominent stone- and mortar monument to the endur- ing history of Spanish colonial rule in Cuba.
    [Show full text]
  • The Physical, Human, and Moral Geographies of Judaea in Tacitus's
    The Physical, Human, and Moral Geographies of Judaea in Tacitus’s Histories and Josephus By Gena N. Goodman Submitted to the graduate degree program in Classics and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Anthony Corbeill ________________________________ Dr. Michael Shaw ________________________________ Dr. Emma Scioli Date Defended: 5/13/16 The Thesis Committee for Gena N. Goodman certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: The Physical, Human, and Moral Geographies of Judaea in Tacitus’s Histories and Josephus ________________________________ Chairperson Dr. Anthony Corbeill Date approved: 5/13/16 ii Abstract “The Physical, Human, and Moral Geographies of Judaea in Tacitus’s Histories and Josephus” concerns the reputation of Judaea and the Judaean people within the texts of Tacitus and Josephus, and specifically how both of these authors use the environs, settlement patterns, and city layouts within Judaea to describe the relative piety or impiety of the Judaean people. Topics discussed include: supernatural providence within the natural landscape of Judaea, the persistent nomadism of the Judaeans, and the system of morality suggested by the structure of Jerusalem. iii Acknowledgements Foremost thanks must be sent to Dr. Anthony Corbeill for overseeing this project (and for applying his critical eye to my unwieldy drafts). Also much thanks is given to my readers, Dr. Michael Shaw and Dr. Emma Scioli, for their insightful comments. A quick word of thanks should not be spared to Dr. Heather Vincent for introducing me to discourses of ancient ethnography, nor to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining the Greater York River Indigenous Cultural Landscape
    Defining the Greater York River Indigenous Cultural Landscape Prepared by: Scott M. Strickland Julia A. King Martha McCartney with contributions from: The Pamunkey Indian Tribe The Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe The Mattaponi Indian Tribe Prepared for: The National Park Service Chesapeake Bay & Colonial National Historical Park The Chesapeake Conservancy Annapolis, Maryland The Pamunkey Indian Tribe Pamunkey Reservation, King William, Virginia The Upper Mattaponi Indian Tribe Adamstown, King William, Virginia The Mattaponi Indian Tribe Mattaponi Reservation, King William, Virginia St. Mary’s College of Maryland St. Mary’s City, Maryland October 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY As part of its management of the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail, the National Park Service (NPS) commissioned this project in an effort to identify and represent the York River Indigenous Cultural Landscape. The work was undertaken by St. Mary’s College of Maryland in close coordination with NPS. The Indigenous Cultural Landscape (ICL) concept represents “the context of the American Indian peoples in the Chesapeake Bay and their interaction with the landscape.” Identifying ICLs is important for raising public awareness about the many tribal communities that have lived in the Chesapeake Bay region for thousands of years and continue to live in their ancestral homeland. ICLs are important for land conservation, public access to, and preservation of the Chesapeake Bay. The three tribes, including the state- and Federally-recognized Pamunkey and Upper Mattaponi tribes and the state-recognized Mattaponi tribe, who are today centered in their ancestral homeland in the Pamunkey and Mattaponi river watersheds, were engaged as part of this project. The Pamunkey and Upper Mattaponi tribes participated in meetings and driving tours.
    [Show full text]
  • I'd Rather Be a Sinner Than a Cyborg
    I’d Rather be a Sinner than a Cyborg Lucy Tatman LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA ABSTRACT Upon which Christian theological metaphors and models is Donna Haraway’s understanding of ‘cyborg’ ontologically dependent, and how and why might it matter? This article explores the possibility that Haraway’s cyborg is a saviour-figure, made partially in the image of a transcendent God. It suggests that cyborgs do have an origin story, and that their story is inseparably linked to the theological development of Heilsgeschichte, or salvation history, which is itself linked, arguably, to the technological developments of the Industrial Revolution. Taking Haraway at her word, or at least her Christian theological words, reveals a disturbingly indifferent cyborg-God, one perfectly at ease with apocalyptic imagery and feats, but one who does not comprehend that apocalyptic rhetoric was never meant to be taken literally. KEY WORDS apocalypse ◆ cyborg ◆ ontology ◆ salvation ◆ second coming ◆ sin What do you get when you combine three biotech companies, a handful of patents, and a Noah’s Ark full of cloned animals? . Farmers are already cloning prized cows and pigs, a practice that will balloon if, as expected, the Food & Drug Administration approves the marketing of milk and meat from clones later this year. (Weintraub and Keenan, 2002: 94) Is this what has become of the dream of a land flowing with milk and honey? Two years ago I finally wrote a first draft of this article – ‘finally’ because I had been deeply intrigued for at least 10 years by Donna Haraway’s curious and consistent use of Christian theological metaphors and models.
    [Show full text]