The Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries in France
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The Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries in France For more information contact WIPO at www.wipo.int World Intellectual Property Organization 34, chemin des Colombettes P.O. Box 18 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 338 91 11 Fax: +41 22 733 54 28 Credits for Cover Screenshots: at FreeDigitalPhotos.net Upper left: Image courtesy of Supertrooper Upper middle: Image courtesy of pandpstock001 at FreeDigitalPhotos.net Upper right: Image courtesy of KarlHeinrich / en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_ Ethiopia Middle: Image courtesy of cooldesign at FreeDigitalPhotos.net Lower left: Image courtesy of Naypong at FreeDigitalPhotos.net Lower middle: Image courtesy of franky242 at FreeDigitalPhotos.net at FreeDigitalPhotos.net Lower right: mage courtesy of Ventrilock February 2016 The Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries in France The Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries in France The Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries in France Economics Centre,theSorbonne University ofParisI Xavier Greffe Table of Contents Summary 8 Introduction 9 1. THE FRENCH COPYRIGHT SYSTEM 11 1.1 Copyright in France 11 1.1.1 The substance of copyright 11 1.1.2 Neighboring rights 12 1.1.3 Copyright in the digital age 12 1.2 Collective copyright management 14 1.2.1 The principle 14 1.2.2 Collective copyright management societies 14 1.3 Copyright policy 16 1.3.1 HADOPI, the Lescure Report and the bill on creation 16 1.3.2 The debate about European Union plans 19 1.3.3 A burning issue: The quality of copyright management 20 2. THE ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF COPYRIGHT INDUSTRIES IN FRANCE 21 2.1 Prerequisite: Calculation of the weighting coefficients of branches in copyright 22 2.1.1 Choosing CIs: Core, interdependent, partial and non-dedicated support 22 2.1.2 Choosing copyright coefficients by base sector 27 2.1.3 The transition to copyright coefficient according to branches 33 2.2 The economic contribution of CIs to development 37 2.2.1 The contribution of CIs to value added and GDP 37 2.2.2 The contribution of CIs to employment 40 2.2.3 The contribution of CIs to external trade 45 2.2.4 Summary of results on the contribution of CIs to economic activity 50 The Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries 2.2.5 Analysis according to thematic groups 51 2.3 Comparisons with recent French studies 58 2.3.1 Statistical analysis of the Department for Planning, Strategic Foresight and Statistics (DEPS) 58 2.3.2 Economic overview of cultural and creative industries in France (Panorama économique des industries culturelles et créatives en France) 60 2.3.3 The report of the finance and culture inspectorates 61 2.4 Comparisons with other studies per country by the World Intellectual Property Organization 64 in France 3. THE DYNAMIC OF COPYRIGHT INDUSTRIES 65 3.1 Value added of CIs and their contribution to GDP 65 3.1.1 Trends in the four components 65 1 3.1.2 Overall value added 67 3.2 Employment 69 3.2.1 Trends in the four components 69 3.2.2 Major employment trends 71 3.3 Apparent productivity of labor 73 3.3.1 Apparent productivity of labor in CIs 73 3.3.2 Apparent productivity of labor of CI sub-systems 75 3.4 Exports 80 3.4.1 CIs in total exports 80 3.4.2 Internal breakdown of exports 81 3.5 Profile of CIs 83 4. CURRENT CHALLENGES OF COPYRIGHT INDUSTRIES 86 4.1 Cinema 86 4.1.1 Production and export 86 4.1.2 French cinema value chain 87 4.1.3 Government support to cinema in France 90 4.1.4 Debate on French cinema 91 4.2 Fashion, luxury and the garment industry 92 4.2.1 The scope of the “fashion, luxury and the garment industry” 92 4.2.2 The French fashion value chain 93 4.2.3 From fashion to luxury 95 4.2.4 A sector to expand and enhance 95 4.2.5 Public support 96 4.3 Video games 98 4.3.1 Scope and situation of the market 98 4.3.2 The video game value chain in France 99 4.3.3 Public support for video games in France 101 4.3.4 Challenges 102 CONCLUSION 104 ANNEXES 106 The Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries in France 2 Tables Annexes to Chapter 1 Table 1.1. Remuneration collected by collecting and distributing societies for copyright and collectively managed neighboring rights 16 Annexes to Chapter 2 Table 2.1.a. Identification of core CIs, ESANE database of INSEE 23 Table 2.1.b. Identification of interdependent CIs, INSEE’s ESANE database 24 Table 2.1.c. Identification of partial CIs, ESANE database, INSEE 25 Table 2.1.d. Identification of non-dedicated support CIs, INSEE’s ESANE database 26 Table 2.2.a. Copyright coefficients: Core CIs 28 Table 2.2.b. Copyright coefficients: Interdependent CIs 29 Table 2.2.c. Copyright coefficients: Partial CIs 31 Table 2.2.d. Copyright coefficients: Non-dedicated support CIs 32 Table 2.3.a. Methodology of the sector-branch transition 34 Table 2.3.b. Methodology of the sector-branch transition 34 Table 2.4.a. Composite or CI coefficients per branch – core CIs 35 Table 2.5.a. Value added of core CIs in national accounts and percentage of GDP 37 Table 2.5.b. Value added of interdependent CIs in national accounts and percentage of value added 38 Table 2.5.c. Value added of partial CIs in national accounts and percentage of GDP 38 Table 2.5.d. Value added of non-dedicated support CIs in national accounts and p ercentage of GDP 39 The Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries Table 2.5.e. Summary of contribution of CIs to GDP, expressed as a percentage 39 Table 2.6.a. FTE employment of core CIs in national accounts and percentage of total FTE employment 40 Table 2.6.b. FTE employment of interdependent CIs in national accounts and percentage of total FTE employment 41 Table 2.6.c. FTE employment of partial CIs in national accounts and percentage of total FTE employment 41 in France Table 2.6.d. TE employment of non-dedicated support CIs in national accounts and percentage of total FTE employment 42 Table 2.7.a. Number of persons employed by core CIs and percentage of 3 total employment 42 Table 2.7.b. Number of persons employed by interdependent CIs and percentage of total FTE employment 43 Table 2.7.c. Number of persons employed by partial CIs and percentage of total FTE employment 43 Table 2.7.d. Number of persons employment by non-dedicated support CIs and percentage of total FTE employment 44 Table 2.8.a. CI exports (less territorial correction) 45 Table 2.8.b. Export of interdependent CIs (less territorial correction) 46 Table 2.8.c. Export of partial CIs (less territorial correction) 46 Table 2.8.d. Export of non-dedicated support CIs (less territorial correction) 47 Table 2.9.a. Imports of core CIs 48 Table 2.9.b. Imports of interdependent CIs 48 Table 2.9.c. Imports of partial CIs 49 Table 2.9.d. Imports of non-dedicated support CIs 49 Table 2.10. Performance of CIs in external trade 50 Table 2.11.a. Analysis of core CIs (value added and FTE employment) 51 Table 2.11.b. Analysis of core CIs (value added and FTE employment) 52 Table 2.12.a. Relative share of value added of the two main groups of interdependent CIs 53 Table 2.12.b. Relative share of value added of the two main groups of interdependent CIs 54 Table 2.13.a. Relative share of value added of the main groups of partial CIs 55 Table 2.13.b. Relative share of employment of the main groups of partial CIs 56 Table 2.14.a. Relative share of value added of non-dedicated support CIs 56 Table 2.14.b. Relative share of FTE employment of non-dedicated support CIs 57 Table 2.15. Components of culture sector according to the Ministry of Culture (DEPS) 59 Table 2.16. Overview of all creative cultural industries by France Créative 60 Table 2.17.a. Value added in 2011 (billion euros) 61 Table 2.17.b. Trends and role of cultural employment 62 Table 2.17.c. Summary of the study by the two ministerial inspectorates 63 Annexes to Chapter 3 Table 3.1.a. Role and trends in value added of core CIs in GDP (1999-2011) 65 Table 3.2.a. Role and trends in value added of interdependent CIs in GDP (1999-2011) 66 Table 3.3.a. Role and trends in value added of partial CIs in GDP (1999-2011) 66 Table 3.4.a. Role and trends of value added of non-dedicated support CIS in GDP (1999-2011) 67 Table 3.5.a. Role and trends in total value added of CIs in GDP (1999-2011) 67 Table 3.5.b. Trends in value added of CIs, their percentage of GDP and the corresponding indices 68 The Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries in France Table 3.5.c. Value added of the various CIs as a percentage of GDP 68 4 Table 3.5.d. Percentage of all core CIs + partial CIs in GDP 69 Table 3.5.e. Percentage of all interdependent CIs + non-dedicated support CIs in GDP 69 Table 3.6.a. Role and trends in employment in core CIs in total FTE employment (1999-2011) 70 Table 3.7.a.