DOCSLIB.ORG

Study of River Flow Based on Finite Element Analysis and GPS-Echo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Study of River Flow Based on Finite Element Analysis and GPS-Echo ANZIAM J. 52 (CTAC2010) pp.C1102{C1125, 2012 C1102 Study of river flow based on finite element analysis and GPS-echo-sounder measurement Hashentuya1 Yoji Otani2 Kazuhiro Yamamoto3 Masaji Watanabe4 (Received 31 January 2011; revised 15 February 2012) Abstract Currents of a river are analyzed numerically by introducing data concerning the water depth into a finite element analysis of the partial differential equations of the flow. Techniques to simulate currents generated in the river are described. The region is divided in the vertical direction into layers, and a finite element discretization in the horizontal direction is applied. Results of the simulation of flow generated in the Yoshii River in Okayama Prefecture of Japan are shown. We also introduce our techniques to measure the river bed topography using a hardware system consisting of a global positioning system and an echo sounder. Data obtained by using the system are introduced into the analysis of flow and corresponding numerical results are generated. http://journal.austms.org.au/ojs/index.php/ANZIAMJ/article/view/3966 gives this article, c Austral. Mathematical Soc. 2012. Published March 7, 2012. issn 1446-8735. (Print two pages per sheet of paper.) Copies of this article must not be made otherwise available on the internet; instead link directly to this url for this article. Contents C1103 Contents 1 Introduction C1103 2 Numerical solution by the finite element method C1105 2.1 Shallow water equations................... C1106 2.2 Initial condition........................ C1107 2.3 Application to the multi-layer finite element method.... C1109 2.4 Time-step approximation................... C1115 3 Flow simulation downstream of the Kamogoshi Dam C1118 4 Conclusion C1118 References C1123 1 Introduction Seto Inland Sea divides the main island and the Shikoku Island of Japan. The Yoshii River flows into the Kojima Bay which is connected to the Seto Inland Sea. It is one of three major rivers in Okayama Prefecture with 2, 110 km2 basin area, 133 km length, and 61.16 m3=s average flow. Kamogoshi Dam is approximately 7 km upstream from the Yoshii River mouth and the latter is called Kuban. Water from upstream has been washing the riverbed in the area below the Kamogoshi Dam, and a deep water area has developed. We analyze currents generated in the Yoshii River, downstream from the Kamogoshi Dam. The bottom topography is investigated by a global positioning system (gps) and an echo sounder. Figure1 shows the depth contours of the Yoshii River in the region near the Kamogoshii Dam. Note that the depth of the river ranges from 2 m to 9 m. The depth data are based on gps-echo-sounder measurements taken on March 14, 19, 22, 24, 29, and 30, 2010. Numerical results are obtained by introducing data concerning 1 Introduction C1104 DEPTH CONTOUR(Kamogoshi dam) -148200 -148400 -148600 -148800 -2 m -3 m -4 m -5 m -6 m -7 m -149000 -8 m -9 m -149200 -26200 -26000 -25800 -25600 -25400 -25200 Figure 1: The depth contours in the region near the Kamogoshi Dam in the Yoshii River. the depth of the river into a finite element analysis of equations that govern the dynamics of the currents. Experimental techniques to utilize the gps in analyses of currents are also introduced. Figure2 (based on the water level data of the river policy information of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism) shows the change of water levels of the the Yoshii River in the region near the Kamogoshii Dam and Kuban. The level rises and falls twice each day near the Kuban, because the Yoshii River is connected to the Seto Inland Sea. We study the lowest water levels from 13:00 to 16:00 jst, on July 23, 2010. Section2 shows how the system of partial differential equations is solved by the finite element method. Section3 applies this method to simulate the flow in the Yoshii River downstream from the 2 Numerical solution by the finite element method C1105 WATER LEVELS(July 23, 2010) 3.5 KUBAN KAMOGOSHI DAM 3 2.5 2 WATER LEVEL[m] 1.5 start end start end 1 SIM.1 SIM.2 0.5 00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 00:00 TIME[hour] Figure 2: Change of water levels on July 23, 2010. Kamogoshi Dam. The difference between simulation results using three layers and five layers is obtained, and the results are discussed in the Conclusion. Numerical simulations such as these are useful for studying the water quality of a river, and for analyzing the effects of a red tide. 2 Numerical solution by the finite element method 2 Numerical solution by the finite element method C1106 2.1 Shallow water equations We apply a finite element method to Equations (1), (2), (3) and (4) to analyze the current generated in the Yoshii River. The shallow water equations consist of momentum equations and a continuity equation [1, 2, 3, 4], and model water in the river, @u @(uu) @(uv) @(uw) + + + - fv @t @x @y @z 1 @p 1 ∂τ ∂τ ∂τ + - xx + xy + xz = 0 , (1) ρ @x ρ @x @y @z @v @(vu) @(vv) @(vw) + + + + fu @t @x @y @z 1 @p 1 ∂τ ∂τ ∂τ + - yx + yy + yz = 0 , (2) ρ @y ρ @x @y @z @w @(wu) @(wv) @(ww) + + + @t @x @y @z 1 @p 1 ∂τ ∂τ ∂τ + - zx + zy + zz + g = 0 , (3) ρ @z ρ @x @y @z @u @v @w + + = 0. (4) @x @y @z Here, the components of the stress tensor are @u @v @w τ = -p + µ , τ = -p + µ , τ = -p + µ , (5) xx @x yy @y zz @z µ @u @v µ @u @w τ = τ = + , τ = τ = + , (6) xy yx 2 @y @x xz zx 2 @z @x µ @v @w τ = τ = + , (7) yz zy 2 @y @x and we use the following notation: 2 Numerical solution by the finite element method C1107 • x, y, z Cartesian coordinates positive eastward, northward, and upward, respectively; • u, v, w respective components of velocity; • t time; • f Coriolis parameter; • p pressure; • ρ = 1000 kg=m3 is the density of water; • µ viscosity coefficient of fluid; • g gravitational acceleration; • τxx, τxy, τyx, τyy, τxz, τyz components of the stress tensor. 2.2 Initial condition We also define the parameter γ2 = 0.0026 to be a bottom friction coefficient [5] and Ah to be a constant that represents eddy viscosity. We set Ah = 1.0 for the results obtained on July 23, 2010. The governing equations for the mass and momentum are integrated over the kth layer, where k = 1, 2, 3, ... , b. Let 1 k- 2 h ik = () dz (8) k+ 1 Z 2 1 where k ± 2 refers to z-levels of the interfaces between layers k and k ± 1. Water fluxes Mk and Nk are obtained by integrating the x-component and the y-component of the velocity over the depth, respectively: Mk = hkuk , Nk = hkvk . (9) Along the curve dx dy = u , = v , (10) dt k dt k 2 Numerical solution by the finite element method C1108 Equations (1) and (2) become dM b @M @N 1 M M k = l + l k-1 + k dt @x @y 2 hk-1 hk l=k X b @Ml @Nl 1 Mk Mk+1 ∂ζ - + + - ghk @x @y 2 hk hk+1 @x l=k+1 X 2 Mk Mk+1 2 Mk-1 Mk - γ (∆V)k - + γ (∆V)k-1 - hk hk+1 hk-1 hk A @2M A @2M + h k + h k , (11) ρ @x2 ρ @y2 and dN b @M @N 1 N N k = l + l k-1 + k dt @x @y 2 hk-1 hk l=k X b @Ml @Nl 1 Nk Nk+1 ∂ζ - + + - ghk @x @y 2 hk hk+1 @y l=k+1 X 2 Nk Nk+1 2 Nk-1 Nk - γ (∆V)k - + γ (∆V)k-1 - hk hk+1 hk-1 hk A @2N A @2N + h k + h k , (12) ρ @x2 ρ @y2 where p 2 2 (∆V)k-1 = (uk-1 - uk) + (vk-1 - vk) s M M 2 N N 2 = k-1 - k + k-1 - k . (13) hk-1 hk hk-1 hk At the rigid boundaries the values of Mk and Nk are set to zero. Initial conditions are given as Mk = 0 and Nk = 0 at all node points, where 2 Numerical solution by the finite element method C1109 k = 1, 2, 3, ... , b and b is the total number of layers. A finite element method is applied to the Equations (1), (2), (3), and (4) to simulate the flow generated downstream from the Kamogoshi Dam, with a mesh consisting of 1798 elements and 965 nodes. Figure3(a) shows the finite element mesh in the entire region of the Yoshii River Mouth. Figure3(b) shows the finite element mesh in the region near the Kamogoshi Dam. Figures4 shows a 3D view of this finite element mesh. 2.3 Application to the multi-layer finite element method After multiplying the equation (11) by δM, we integrate over a domain Ω and obtain [6,7,8] @M 1 b @M @N M M k δM dx dy = l + l k-1 + k δM dx dy @t 2 @x @y hk-1 hk Ω Ω l=k ZZ ZZ X 1 b @M @N M M - l + l k + k+1 δM dx dy 2 @x @y hk hk+1 Ω l=k+1 ZZ X ∂ζ - gh δM dx dy k @x ZZΩ M M - γ2(∆V) k - k+1 δM dx dy k h h ZZΩ k k+1 M M + γ2(∆V) k-1 - k δM dx dy k-1 h h ZZΩ k-1 k A @2M + h k δM dx dy ρ @x2 ZZΩ A @2M + h k δM dx dy.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Dilution Characteristics of Riverine Input Contaminants in the Seto
    Marine Pollution Bulletin 141 (2019) 91–103 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Pollution Bulletin journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/marpolbul Dilution characteristics of riverine input contaminants in the Seto Inland Sea T ⁎ Junying Zhua,b,c, Xinyu Guoa,b, , Jie Shia,c, Huiwang Gaoa,c a Key laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, China b Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-Cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan c Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Riverine input is an important source of contaminants in the marine environments. Based on a hydrodynamic Dilution model, the dilution characteristics of riverine contaminants in the Seto Inland Sea and their controlling factors Riverine pollution were studied. Results showed that contaminant concentration was high in summer and low in winter. The Seto Inland Sea Contaminant concentration decreased with the reduction of its half-life period, and the relationship between Hydrodynamic model them followed power functions. Sensitivity experiments suggested that the horizontal current and vertical Residual currents stratification associated with air-sea heat flux controlled the seasonal cycle of contaminant concentration in the water column; however, surface wind velocity was the dominant factor affecting the surface contaminant concentration. In addition, contaminant concentration in a sub-region was likely controlled by the variations in river discharges close to the sub-region. These results are helpful for predicting contaminant concentrations in the sea and are expected to contribute to assessing the potential ecological risks to aquatic organisms.
    [Show full text]
  • Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2009 Presentation List
    Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2009 Presentation List A002: (Advances in Earth & Planetary Science) oral 201A 5/１７, 9:45–10:20, *A002-001, Science of small bodies opened by Hayabusa Akira Fujiwara 5/１７, 10:20–10:55, *A002-002, What has the lunar explorer ''Kaguya'' seen ? Junichi Haruyama 5/１７, 10:55–11:30, *A002-003, Planetary Explorations of Japan: Past, current, and future Takehiko Satoh A003: (Geoscience Education and Outreach) oraｌ 301A 5/１７, 9:00–9:02, Introductory talk -outreach activity for primary school students 5/１７, 9:02–9:14, A003-001, Learning of geological formation for pupils by Geological Museum: Part (3) Explanation of geological formation Shiro Tamanyu, Rie Morijiri, Yuki Sawada 5/17, 9:14-9:26, A003-002 YUREO: an analog experiment equipment for earthquake induced landslide Youhei Suzuki, Shintaro Hayashi, Shuichi Sasaki 5/17, 9:26-9:38, A003-003 Learning of 'geological formation' for elementary schoolchildren by the Geological Museum, AIST: Overview and Drawing worksheets Rie Morijiri, Yuki Sawada, Shiro Tamanyu 5/17, 9:38-9:50, A003-004 Collaborative educational activities with schools in the Geological Museum and Geological Survey of Japan Yuki Sawada, Rie Morijiri, Shiro Tamanyu, other 5/17, 9:50-10:02, A003-005 What did the Schoolchildren's Summer Course in Seismology and Volcanology left 400 participants something? Kazuyuki Nakagawa 5/17, 10:02-10:14, A003-006 The seacret of Kyoto : The 9th Schoolchildren's Summer Course inSeismology and Volcanology Akiko Sato, Akira Sangawa, Kazuyuki Nakagawa Working group for
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Loss Model Model
    GIROJ FloodGIROJ Loss Flood Loss Model Model General Insurance Rating Organization of Japan 2 Overview of Our Flood Loss Model GIROJ flood loss model includes three sub-models. Floods Modelling Estimate the loss using a flood simulation for calculating Riverine flooding*1 flooded areas and flood levels Less frequent (River Flood Engineering Model) and large- scale disasters Estimate the loss using a storm surge flood simulation for Storm surge*2 calculating flooded areas and flood levels (Storm Surge Flood Engineering Model) Estimate the loss using a statistical method for estimating the Ordinarily Other precipitation probability distribution of the number of affected buildings and occurring disasters related events loss ratio (Statistical Flood Model) *1 Floods that occur when water overflows a river bank or a river bank is breached. *2 Floods that occur when water overflows a bank or a bank is breached due to an approaching typhoon or large low-pressure system and a resulting rise in sea level in coastal region. 3 Overview of River Flood Engineering Model 1. Estimate Flooded Areas and Flood Levels Set rainfall data Flood simulation Calculate flooded areas and flood levels 2. Estimate Losses Calculate the loss ratio for each district per town Estimate losses 4 River Flood Engineering Model: Estimate targets Estimate targets are 109 Class A rivers. 【Hokkaido region】 Teshio River, Shokotsu River, Yubetsu River, Tokoro River, 【Hokuriku region】 Abashiri River, Rumoi River, Arakawa River, Agano River, Ishikari River, Shiribetsu River, Shinano
    [Show full text]
  • Keys to the Flesh Flies of Japan, with the Description of a New Genus And
    〔Med. Entomol. Zool. Vol. 66 No. 4 p. 167‒200 2015〕 167 reference DOI: 10.7601/mez.66.167 Keys to the esh ies of Japan, with the description of a new genus and species from Honshu (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) Hiromu Kurahashi*, 1) and Susumu Kakinuma2) * Corresponding author: [email protected] 1) Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Toyama 1‒23‒1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162‒8640 Japan 2) IDD Yamaguchi Lab., Aobadai 11‒22, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753‒0012 Japan (Received: 9 June 2015; Accepted: 2 October 2015) Abstract: A new genus and species of the Japanese Sarcophagidae, Papesarcophaga kisarazuensis gen. & sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Honshu, Japan. Practical keys to the Japanese 43 genera and 122 species are provided including this new species. A check list and data of specimens examined are also provided. Key words: Diptera, flesh flies, new species, new genus, Sarcophagidae, Japan INTRODUCTION The collection of Sarcophagidae made by the first author was studied during the course of the taxonomical studies on the calypterate muscoid flies from Japan since 1970 (Kurahashi, 1970). This was a revision of the subfamily Miltogramatinae dealing with seven genera and 14 species. Before this, Takano (1950) recorded seven genera and nine species of Japanese Sarcophagidae. Many investigation on the Japanese flesh flies made by Drs. K. Hori, R. Kano and S. Shinonaga beside the present authors. The results of these authors were published in the part of Sacophagidae, Fauna Japanica (Insecta: Diptera) and treated 23 genera and 65 species of the subfamilies of Sarcophaginae and Agriinae (=Paramacronychiinae), but the subfamily Miltogrammatinae was not included (Kano et al., 1967).
    [Show full text]
  • Geographical Variations in Morphological Characters of the Fluvial Eight-Barbel Loach, Nagare-Hotoke-Dojo (Cobitidae: Nemacheilinae)
    Biogeography 17. 43–52. Sep. 20, 2015 Geographical variations in morphological characters of the fluvial eight-barbel loach, Nagare-hotoke-dojo (Cobitidae: Nemacheilinae) Taiki Ito*, Kazuhiro Tanaka and Kazumi Hosoya Program in Environmental Management, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kinki University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan Abstract. The morphological and color variations of Lefua sp. 1 Nagare-hotoke-dojo individuals from 13 river systems were examined. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant variations in Lefua sp. 1 mor- phology and coloration among the 13 populations examined, across all 19 measurements and counts. The 13 populations of Lefua sp. 1 were classified into two major clusters (I and II) by using UPGMA cluster analy- sis. Cluster I comprised fish from the Maruyama, Yura, Muko, Mihara, Yoshino, Hidaka, Kumano, Yoshii, Chikusa, and Ibo river systems. Cluster II comprised fish from the Yoshida, Saita, and Sumoto river systems. Cluster I was further subdivided into sub-clusters: I-i (the Maruyama, Yura, Muko, Mihara, Yoshino, Hidaka, Kumano, and Yoshii river systems) and I-ii (the Chikusa and Ibo river systems). Principal component analysis revealed that populations within cluster II clearly possessed longer caudal peduncles, while populations within cluster I possessed a longer anterior body on average and a deeper body. Populations within sub-cluster I-ii possessed a higher average dorsal fin and a longer average dorsal fin base than those of populations within sub-cluster I-i. A strong correlation was noted between the PC3 score and population latitude (r = 0.621). Observations of body color patterns revealed that individuals from the Yoshino, Mihara, Sumoto, and Hidaka river systems had dark brown mottling on both sides and the dorsal regions of their bodies and many small dark brown spots on the dorsal and caudal fins, while those from the Yura, Muko, and Kumano river systems possessed neither.
    [Show full text]
  • PHYLOGENY and ZOOGEOGRAPHY of the SUPERFAMILY COBITOIDEA (CYPRINOIDEI, Title CYPRINIFORMES)
    PHYLOGENY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE SUPERFAMILY COBITOIDEA (CYPRINOIDEI, Title CYPRINIFORMES) Author(s) SAWADA, Yukio Citation MEMOIRS OF THE FACULTY OF FISHERIES HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 28(2), 65-223 Issue Date 1982-03 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/21871 Type bulletin (article) File Information 28(2)_P65-223.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP PHYLOGENY AND ZOOGEOGRAPHY OF THE SUPERFAMILY COBITOIDEA (CYPRINOIDEI, CYPRINIFORMES) By Yukio SAWADA Laboratory of Marine Zoology, Faculty of Fisheries, Bokkaido University Contents page I. Introduction .......................................................... 65 II. Materials and Methods ............... • • . • . • . • • . • . 67 m. Acknowledgements...................................................... 70 IV. Methodology ....................................•....•.........•••.... 71 1. Systematic methodology . • • . • • . • • • . 71 1) The determinlttion of polarity in the morphocline . • . 72 2) The elimination of convergence and parallelism from phylogeny ........ 76 2. Zoogeographical methodology . 76 V. Comparative Osteology and Discussion 1. Cranium.............................................................. 78 2. Mandibular arch ...................................................... 101 3. Hyoid arch .......................................................... 108 4. Branchial apparatus ...................................•..••......••.. 113 5. Suspensorium.......................................................... 120 6. Pectoral
    [Show full text]
  • Impact Analysis of the Decline of Agricultural Land-Use on Flood Risk
    Changes in Flood Risk and Perception in Catchments and Cities (HS01 – IUGG2015) Proc. IAHS, 370, 39–44, 2015 proc-iahs.net/370/39/2015/ Open Access doi:10.5194/piahs-370-39-2015 © Author(s) 2015. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Impact analysis of the decline of agricultural land-use on flood risk and material flux in hilly and mountainous watersheds Y. Shimizu1, S. Onodera2, H. Takahashi3, and K. Matsumori3 1JSPS Research Fellow, Western Region Agricultural Research Centre, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukuyama, Japan 2Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan 3Western Region Agricultural Research Centre, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Fukuyama, Japan Correspondence to: Y. Shimizu ([email protected]) Received: 11 March 2015 – Accepted: 11 March 2015 – Published: 11 June 2015 Abstract. Agricultural land-use has been reduced by mainly urbanization and devastation in Japan. The objec- tive of this study is to evaluate the impact of the decline of agricultural land-use on flood risk and material flux in hilly and mountainous watersheds using Soil Water Assessment Tool. The results indicated that increase of flood risk due to abandonment of agricultural land-use. Furthermore, the abandonment of rice paddy field on steep slope areas may have larger impacts on sediment discharges than cultivated field. Therefore, it is suggested that prevention of expansion of abandonment of rice paddy field is an important factor in the decrease of yields of sediment and nutrients. 1 Introduction ing of the most of farmers. Even though the aged farmers have will to continue to cultivate crops, they no longer can do The changes in increasing of magnitude of flood events it on the agricultural land-use with a steep slope such as hilly which have been observed all over the world could be af- and mountainous area.
    [Show full text]
  • A Checklist and Bibliography of Parasites of Salmonids of Japan
    ;r c j . 3 $JJ#~,Sci. Rep. Hokkaido Salmon Hatchery, (41) : 1-75 (1987) A Checklist and Bibliography of Parasites of Salmonids of Japan Kazuya NAGASAWA*',Shigehiko URAWA", and Teruhiko AWAKURA*~ Abstract Information on the parasites of salmonids in Japanese waters that was published during the years 1889-1986 is assembled in the form of Parasite-Host and Host- Parasite lists with accompanying bibliography. Ninety-four named species of parasites (18 Protozoa, 5 Monogenea, 21 Trematoda, 7 Cestoidea, 19 Nematoda, 15 Acanthocephala, 1 Hirudinoidea, 1 Mollusca, 1 Branchiura, 5 Copepoda, 1 Isopoda) have been reported, and numerous other parasites not identified to species level are also included. The Parasite-Host list, arranged on a taxonomic basis, includes for each parasite species its currently recognized scientific name, and synonyms oc- curring in the literature, habitat (freshwater or marine), location of infection (site) within the host, species of host(s), known geographical distribution in Japanese waters, and the published source for each host and locality record. Where neces- sary, remarks and footnotes dealing with such topics as taxonomy, nomenclature, and misidentifications are included. The Host-Parasite list summarizes the species of parasites from each species of salmonid and their geographical distributions. Although taxonomic revision is not the aim of the checklist, the following three new combinations and one new synonym are proposed : Microsporidium takedai (Awa- kura, 1974) n. comb. for Nosemu tukedui ; Sterliudochonu ephemeridurum (Linstow, 1872) n. comb. for Cystidicoloides ephemeridurum ; and Salvelinema ishii (Fujita, 1941) new synonym of S. salvelini (Fujita, 1939) n. comb. for Metabronemu salvelini. Con tents Introduction ................................................................................................ 2 Parasite-Host List ......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix (PDF:4.3MB)
    APPENDIX TABLE OF CONTENTS: APPENDIX 1. Overview of Japan’s National Land Fig. A-1 Worldwide Hypocenter Distribution (for Magnitude 6 and Higher Earthquakes) and Plate Boundaries ..................................................................................................... 1 Fig. A-2 Distribution of Volcanoes Worldwide ............................................................................ 1 Fig. A-3 Subduction Zone Earthquake Areas and Major Active Faults in Japan .......................... 2 Fig. A-4 Distribution of Active Volcanoes in Japan ...................................................................... 4 2. Disasters in Japan Fig. A-5 Major Earthquake Damage in Japan (Since the Meiji Period) ....................................... 5 Fig. A-6 Major Natural Disasters in Japan Since 1945 ................................................................. 6 Fig. A-7 Number of Fatalities and Missing Persons Due to Natural Disasters ............................. 8 Fig. A-8 Breakdown of the Number of Fatalities and Missing Persons Due to Natural Disasters ......................................................................................................................... 9 Fig. A-9 Recent Major Natural Disasters (Since the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake) ............ 10 Fig. A-10 Establishment of Extreme Disaster Management Headquarters and Major Disaster Management Headquarters ........................................................................... 21 Fig. A-11 Dispatchment of Government Investigation Teams (Since
    [Show full text]
  • Large Wood, Sediment, and Flow Regimes: Their Interactions and Temporal Changes Caused by Human Impacts in Japan
    Title Large wood, sediment, and flow regimes: Their interactions and temporal changes caused by human impacts in Japan Author(s) Nakamura, Futoshi; Seo, Jung Il; Akasaka, Takumi; Swanson, Frederick J. Geomorphology, 279, 176-187 Citation https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.09.001 Issue Date 2017-02-15 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/72715 ©2016. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license Rights http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Rights(URL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Type article (author version) File Information Geomorphology279_176‒187.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP 1 Large wood, sediment, and flow regimes: their interactions and temporal changes 2 caused by human impacts in Japan 3 4 Futoshi Nakamura1*, Jung Il Seo2, Takumi Akasaka3, and Frederick J. Swanson4 5 6 1 Laboratory of Forest Ecosystem Management, Department of Forest Science, Graduate 7 School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 8 060-8589, Japan 9 2 Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Conservation, Department of Forest Resources, College 10 of Industrial Sciences, Kongju National University, 54 Daehakro, Yesan, Chungcheongnamdo 11 340-702, Republic of Korea 12 3 Laboratory of Conservation Ecology, Department of Life Science and Agriculture, Obihiro 13 University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, 14 Japan 15 ４United States Forest Service, Pacific
    [Show full text]
  • River Basin Management Toward Nature Restoration ~ Case of Ise Bay River Basin ~
    Development of Eco-Compatible River Basin Management toward Nature Restoration ~ Case of Ise bay River Basin ~ Yuji Toda and Tetsuro Tsujimoto Nagoya University Nature Restoration Projects of Japanese Rivers (2006) Shibetsu River Ishikari River Kushiro River Maruyama River Iwaki River Akagawa River Mukawa River Shinano River Matsuura River Jinzu River Mabechi River Tone River Tenjin River Ara River Go-no River Tama River Turumi River Kano River Tenryu River Toyo River YahagiRiver KisoRiver Yamato River Yodo River Kako River Ibo River Yoshii River Shigenobu River Shimanto River Gokase River Kikuchi River Restoration of Riparian Wetland by Flood Re-meandering (Kushiro River) Plain Excavation (Matsuura River) Restoration of Tidal Mud Flats (Mu River) Restoration of Sediment Continuity along River (Image: from Pamphlet of Nature Restoration: Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, JAPAN) Mountainous Area Restoration of Forest (Mt. Kunugi) Preservation of Grassland (Mt. Aso) Agricultural Area Coastal Area Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer Preservation of Tidal Mad Flats (Sanban-se) (Image: from Pamphlet of Nature Restoration: Ministry of the Environment, JAPAN) Each Project has own Objective Each project might somewhat contribute the sustainability of our society, but - How can we measure the contribution of each project to sustainability? - How can we design the eco-compatible and sustainable society? Today’s my talk: Introduction of a Joint research project of Ise Bay Eco- Compatible River Basin Research Project (from 2006
    [Show full text]
  • Japan Transport Safety Board Annual Report 2013
    JAPAN TRANSPORT SAFETY BOARD ANNUAL REPORT 2013 JTSB Mission We contribute to -preventing the occurrence of accidents and -mitigating the damage caused by them, thus improving transport safety while raising public awareness, and thereby protecting the people’s lives by -accomplishing appropriate accident investigations which thoroughly unveil the causes of accidents and damages incidental to them, and -urging the implementation of necessary policies and measures through the issuance of safety recommendations and opinions or provision of safety information. JTSB Principles 1. Conduct of appropriate accident investigations We conduct scientific and objective accident investigations separated from apportioning blame and liability, while deeply exploring into the background of the accidents, including the organizational factors, and produce reports with speed. At the same time, we ensure that the reports are clear and easy to understand and we make efforts to deliver information for better understanding. 2. Timely and appropriate feedback In order to contribute to the prevention of accidents and mitigation of the damage caused by them, we send messages timely and proactively in the forms of recommendations, opinions or factual information notices nationally and internationally. At the same time, we make efforts towards disclosing information in view of ensuring the transparency of accident investigations. 3. Consideration for victims We think of the feelings of victims and their families, or the bereaved appropriately, and provide them with information regarding the accident investigations in a timely and appropriate manner, and respond to their voices sincerely as well. 4. Strengthening the foundation of our organization We take every opportunity to develop the skills of our staff, including their comprehensive understanding of investigation methods, and create an environment where we can exchange opinions freely and work as a team to invigorate our organization as a whole.
    [Show full text]