Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc.
African American History
and
Knowledge Bowl
2017 Study Materials
Prepared by C. Moore, Jr., Asst. Chair AAHB 2017 Edited and converted to single document 10/16/16 by C. Moore, Jr Edited and condensed 12/4/16 by N.D. Thompson
Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
AAHB 2017 Study Sections
Table of Contents Pi Rho AAHB 2017 Study Guide and Brief Rules ...... 3 Black and Greek Stars: 40 Famous Fraternity & Sorority Members ...... 5 List of African-American Greek and Fraternal Organizations ...... 8 Early formation (attempted or not existing today) ...... 8 Fraternities ...... 9 Sororities ...... 9 Other ...... 10 U.S. State Capitals List ...... 11 United States - Black Population Percentage, 2013 by State ...... 12 Black populations ranked by size in US metropolitan areas ...... 15 List of African Countries ...... 17 Eastern Africa ...... 17 Central Africa (Middle Africa, or also Equatorial Africa) ...... 17 Northern Africa or North Africa ...... 17 Southern Africa ...... 18 Western Africa ...... 18 Africans in the Americas ...... 19 American Wars in Which African Americans Were Involved 1890-Present ...... 20 19th Century Wars ...... 20 20th century wars ...... 22 21st century wars ...... 32
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
Pi Rho AAHB 2017 Study Guide and Brief Rules
No other materials outside of those printed in this study guide will be used to construct questions for this team competition. There will be questions worth 5-10-25 points. Be sure that the higher valued questions will require more than rote memorization of these facts, the higher the value, the more complex questions will be that require synthesis, comparisons and rankings of this information. As you prepare study materials from these materials, guiding you should be knowledge about how your understanding of this information will be tested during actual competition.
Teams of four, each with buzzers in hand like those used in a Jeopardy television show will see questioned flashed onto a screen and read aloud by a moderator. The first team that pushes the button has three seconds to begin to submit a response. If correct, team receives point value for that question and the next question is put forward. If incorrect, moderator may finish the question and update screen to reflect any portions of multiple choice or true or false options that may not have been posted when buzzer was pushed and an incorrect response given. Many of the questions are accompanied by multiple choice options that follow the initial question. Listening is an important skill to use during the competition. The phrasing of questions provides evidence about other evidence or choices that may follow.
Index cards and questions phrased in several ways are the most effective study tools. Knowing the information and being able to recall under extreme pressure requires a depth of comfort with every printed from beginning to end. Dividing up the categories among team members has been the most effective tool and ensure that all lead members have a backup category assignment too. One and a half categories of intent and critical study by each team member has been a consistent winning formula—especially when all team members buy into the effort with appropriate energy and commitment.
A powerpoint projection system is used to flash questions, answer options and correct answers. The scholar who first presses the buzzer must begin to answer without speaking to other team members within three seconds of buzzing into the response system. There may be high valued team based questions asked this year, for those, an answer must be provided within twenty (20) seconds of buzzing into the system. Depending on the number of registered teams, there will be rounds in the competition to determine competitors for the final round or championship round. Each round will consist of a minimum of fifty (50) questions per round, typical rounds are completed within 20-30 minutes maximum. Final round competition is determined by highest team scores throughout preliminary rounds, not simply by won-loss records against other teams.
Teams are made up of four high school scholars in grades 9-12 from high schools, churches, community-based organizations, state/federal supported programs like GEAR-UP or Upward Bound, teams can also be mentored by sororities or fraternities who organize them. On the days of competition, teams must have at least three of the members who registered online, no less than three can compete for a team at any time during the competition. All participants in this competition will receive certificates and small gifts from our fraternity and other sponsors.
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
Winners will receive some form of the new technology available to connect with knowledge, information, and contacts from around the globe.
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
Black and Greek Stars: 40 Famous Fraternity & Sorority Members
by Myeisha Essex Jan 14, 2013
1. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. a. Dr. King was a civil rights leader and member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. He became a member while studying as a grad student at Boston University. 2. Cedric “The Entertainer” a. This comedian and actor is a member of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity 3. Alicia Keys a. Keys became an honorary member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority in 2004. 4. Nikki Giovanni a. Giovanni is a well-known member of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority 5. Steve Harvey a. This media mogul a member of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity. 6. Keisha Knight Pulliam a. This former Cosby Show kid was initiated into Delta Sigma Theta Sorority at Spelman College in Atlanta. 7. Towanda Braxton a. Towanda pledged Zeta Phi Beta Sorority long before she was on Braxton Family Values. She joined while studying at Bowie State University in Maryland. 8. Omari Hardwick a. This Hollywood heart-throb is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. 9. Jada Pinkett Smith a. Smith is an honorary Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority member. 10. Sheryl Underwood a. Underwood is a comedienne and the 23rd International President of Zeta Phi Beta Sorority. 11. Kelly Price a. This soul singer became an honorary member of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority in 2006. 12. Roland Martin a. Martin became a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity at Texas A&M in 1989. 13. Marvin Sapp a. The “Never Would Have Made It” singer is a member of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity. 14. Aretha Franklin a. Franklin an honorary member of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority 15. Ryan Howard a. This major league baseball player was initiated into Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity at Southwest Missouri State. 16. AJ Calloway a. The former 106 and Park host is a member of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity. 17. Star Jones a. Jones is an active member of the Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority.
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
18. Natalie Cole a. Cole joined the Upsilion Chapter of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority at the University of Southern California. 19. Montell Jordan a. The “This Is How We Do It” singer was initiated into Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity at Pepperdine University. 20. Victoria Rowell a. This soap opera actress is also a honorary member of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority 21. Lena Horne a. This legendary soul singer is not only known for her vocals, but also as a member of Delta Sigma Theta Sorority. 22. Rev. Jesse Jackson, Sr. a. Founder of the Rainbow/PUSH Coalition pledged at Pi Psi chapter of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity as an undergraduate, 23. T.C. Carson a. You may remember Carson as Kyle on the 90’s hit show Living Single. He joined Iota Phi Theta Fraternity at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1981. 24. Phylicia Rashad a. This ageless actress is a member of the Alpha Chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority. She joined while studying at Howard University. 25. Terrence J a. The new E! News host is a proud member of the Mu Psi Chapter of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity. He pledged while attending North Carolina A&T State University. 26. Shaquille O’Neal a. Shaq is a member of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity. 27. Langston Hughes a. This poet pledged at Beta Chapter of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity while attending Lincoln University (PA) 28. Toni Morrison a. This world-renowned author is a proud member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority. 29. Wanda Sykes a. The comedienne joined the Gamma Theta Chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority at Hampton University. 30. Thurgood Marshall a. This legendary Supreme Court Justice was a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. 31. Hill Harper a. This Alpha Phi Alpha man was inducted into the Fraternity in 2009. 32. Tavis Smiley a. Smiley joined the Alpha Chapter of Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity at Indiana University Bloomington. 33. Loretta Devine a. The actress joined the Epsilon Lambda Chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority while attending the University of Houston. 34. Coretta Scott King a. King is a famous member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority. 35. Tom Joyner
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
a. The popular radio show host is a member of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity. He was initiated at Tuskegee University. 36. Lionel Richie a. Richie is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity. 37. Dionne Warwick a. The singer-songwriter is an honorary member of Zeta Phi Beta Sorority. 38. Bill Cosby a. Cosby is a member of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity. 39. Zora Neale Hurston a. Hurston is a famous member of Zeta Phi Beta Sorority. She joined at Howard University. 40. Dr. Maya Angelou a. Angelou is an honorary member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority.
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
List of African-American Greek and Fraternal Organizations
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from List of African American Greek and fraternal organizations) Jump to: navigation, search
Beginning with the Prince Hall Freemasonry, there are many historically Black fraternal organizations. It would continue on with Alpha Kappa Nu at Indiana University in the year 1903. A second chapter was set to be established at Wilberforce University.[1] Wilberforce University was where the fraternity Gamma Phi was established in the year 1905. Sixty miles away at Columbus, Ohio on March of 1905, Pi Gamma Omicron was founded at Ohio State University (formation originally reported in the Chicago Defender in 1905. Charles Cardoza Poindexter attended Ohio State University from 1899 to 1903. Charles Cardoza Poindexter established a literary society that also operated as a social study club in December 1905 that became Alpha Phi Alpha fraternity. One Alpha founder, Robert H. Ogle attempted to establish contact with Pi Gamma Omicron but was unable to do so. Several months later, Alpha Phi Alpha formally became a fraternity in December of 1906. Another fraternity Sigma Pi Phi was also established in Pennsylvania in 1904. Alpha Phi Alpha's collegiate success helped to inspire other organizations within the National Pan-Hellenic Council.
Black fraternities and sororities were based on existing fraternities and sororities but cultural additions were made including calls, open hand signs, and step shows; though social in nature, many African-American fraternal organizations were formed with an emphasis on public service and civil rights. Some organizations, such as the Swing Phi Swing and Groove Phi Groove don't use Greek letters solely.
Early formation (attempted or not existing today)
Name Year Formation Attempted Incorporated Collegiate Greek Lettered
Alpha Kappa Nu 1903 No Yes Yes
Pi Gamma Omicron 1905 No Yes Yes Gamma Phi [2] 1905 No Yes Yes Gamma Tau[3]:34 1934 No Yes Yes
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
Fraternities
Greek Name Founded Incorporated Collegiate NPHC Lettered
Prince Hall Freemasonry 1775 Yes No No No Improved Benevolent and Protective 1897 Yes No No No
Order of Elks of the World
Sigma Pi Phi 1904 Yes No Yes No
Alpha Phi Alpha 1906 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Kappa Alpha Psi 1911 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Omega Psi Phi 1911 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Phi Beta Sigma 1914 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Sigma Rhomeo 1936 Yes Yes Yes No
[4] Wine Psi Phi 1959 Yes Yes Yes No Nu Gamma Alpha [5] 1962 Yes Yes Yes No
Iota Phi Theta 1963 Yes Yes Yes Yes Malik Sigma Psi (Also known as 1977 Yes Yes No No MALIK Fraternity)
Phi Delta Psi 1977 Yes Yes Yes No
Sigma Phi Rho 1979 Yes Yes Yes No
Delta Psi Chi Swordsmen 1985 Yes Yes Yes No Beta Phi Pi [6] 1986 Yes Yes Yes No Megisté Areté (Christian) [7] 1989 Yes Yes No No
[8] Nu Gamma Psi 1994 Yes Yes Yes No
Phi Rho Eta 1994 Yes Yes Yes No
Sororities
Greek Name Founded Incorporated Collegiate NPHC Lettered
Alpha Kappa Alpha 1908 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Delta Sigma Theta 1913 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Zeta Phi Beta 1920 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Sigma Gamma Rho 1922 Yes Yes Yes Yes
Iota Phi Lambda 1929 Yes Yes Yes No
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
Greek Name Founded Incorporated Collegiate NPHC Lettered
[9] Eta Phi Beta 1942 Yes Yes Yes No
Gamma Phi Delta 1943 Yes Yes Yes No Zeta Delta Phi [3]:100 1962 Yes Yes Yes No Sigma Beta Phi 1923 Yes Yes Yes No Omega Epsilon Rho Service 2009 Yes Yes Yes No Sorority[10]
Other
Greek Name Founded Incorporated Collegiate NPHC Lettered Groove Phi Groove - Males 1962 Yes Yes No No Swing Phi Swing - Females 1969 Yes Yes No No
Malika Kambe Umfazi - Females 1995 Yes Yes No No [3]:107
Notes
1. Jump up ^ The Crescent of Gamma Phi Beta. 1904. pp. 134–. 2. Jump up ^ The History of Fraternities and Sororities in America 3. ^ Jump up to: a b c Walter M. Kimbrough (2003). Black Greek 101: The Culture, Customs, and Challenges of Black Fraternities and Sororities. Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. ISBN 978-0- 8386-3977-1. 4. Jump up ^ Elizabeth Calvert Fine (2003). Soulstepping: African American Step Shows. University of Illinois Press. pp. 159–. ISBN 978-0-252-02475-7. 5. Jump up ^ Black History Month the Divine Nine 6. Jump up ^ [1] 7. Jump up ^ Sisterhood acts on foundations of Christianity, friendship 8. Jump up ^ "Nu Gamma Psi Fraternity Inc. - History". Archived from the original on December 19, 2012. 9. Jump up ^ Nina Mjagkij (13 May 2013). Organizing Black America. Routledge. pp. 195–. ISBN 1-135-58123-1. 10. Jump up ^ ECC holds panel discussion on racial profiling
Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African- American_Greek_and_fraternal_organizations
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
U.S. State Capitals List
State Capitol State Capitol 1 Alabama Montgomery 26 Montana Helena 2 Alaska Juneau 27 Nebraska Lincoln 3 Arizona Phoenix 28 Nevada Carson City 4 Arkansas Little Rock 29 New Hampshire Concord 5 California Sacramento 30 New Jersey Trenton 6 Colorado Denver 31 New Mexico Santa Fe 7 Connecticut Hartford 32 New York Albany 8 Delaware Dover 33 North Carolina Raleigh 9 Florida Tallahassee 34 North Dakota Bismarck 10 Georgia Atlanta 35 Ohio Columbus 11 Hawaii Honolulu 36 Oklahoma Oklahoma City 12 Idaho Boise 37 Oregon Salem 13 Illinois Springfield 38 Pennsylvania Harrisburg 14 Indiana Indianapolis 39 Rhode Island Providence 15 Iowa Des Moines 40 South Columbia 16 Kansas Topeka 41 South Dakota Pierre 17 Kentucky Frankfort 42 Tennessee Nashville 18 Louisiana Baton Rouge 43 Texas Austin 19 Maine Augusta 44 Utah Salt Lake City 20 Maryland Annapolis 45 Vermont Montpelier 21 Massachusetts Boston 46 Virginia Richmond 22 Michigan Lansing 47 Washington Olympia 23 Minnesota St. Paul 48 West Virginia Charleston 24 Mississippi Jackson 49 Wisconsin Madison 25 Missouri Jefferson City 50 Wyoming Cheyenne
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
United States - Black Population Percentage, 2013 by State
Black or African American alone, percent, 2013 - (Percent) State Value State Value
Alabama 26.6 Montana 0.6
Alaska 3.9 Nebraska 4.8
Arizona 4.6 Nevada 9.0
Arkansas 15.6 New Hampshire 1.5
California 6.6 New Jersey 14.7
Colorado 4.4 New Mexico 2.5
Connecticut 11.3 New York 17.5
Delaware 22.1 North Carolina 22.0
District of Columbia 49.5 North Dakota 1.8
Florida 16.7 Ohio 12.5
Georgia 31.4 Oklahoma 7.7
Hawaii 2.3 Oregon 2.0
Idaho 0.8 Pennsylvania 11.5
Illinois 14.7 Rhode Island 7.5
Indiana 9.5 South Carolina 27.9
Iowa 3.3 South Dakota 1.9
Kansas 6.2 Tennessee 17.0
Kentucky 8.2 Texas 12.4
Louisiana 32.4 Utah 1.3
Maine 1.4 Vermont 1.2
Maryland 30.1 Virginia 19.7
Massachusetts 8.1 Washington 4.0
Michigan 14.3 West Virginia 3.6
Minnesota 5.7 Wisconsin 6.5
Mississippi 37.4 Wyoming 1.7
Missouri 11.7
Value for the US (Percent): 13.2% Data item: Black or African American alone, percent, 2013 Source: U.S. Bureau of the Census, Population Estimates Program (PEP). Updated annually. http://www.census.gov/popest/estimates.html.
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
Definition: Estimates are made for the United States, states, counties, places, and metropolitan areas within the United States. The timing of estimates and availability of demographic detail vary by geographic level. The schedule of releases is available at http://www.census.gov/popest/schedule.html.
The U.S. Census Bureau collects race data in accordance with guidelines provided by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and these data are based on self-identification. The racial categories included in the census questionnaire generally reflect a social definition of race recognized in this country and not an attempt to define race biologically, anthropologically, or genetically. In addition, it is recognized that the categories of the race item include racial and national origin or sociocultural groups. People may choose to report more than one race to indicate their racial mixture, such as "American Indian" and "White." People who identify their origin as Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish may be of any race.
Population estimates use the race categories mandated by the Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) 1997 standards: White; Black or African American; American Indian and Alaska Native; Asian; Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. These race categories differ from those used in Census 2010 in one important respect. Census 2010 also allowed respondents to select the category referred to as Some Other Race. When Census 2010 data were edited to produce the estimates base, respondents who selected the Some Other Race category alone were assigned to one of the OMB mandated categories. For those respondents who selected the Some Other Race category and one or more of the other race categories, the edits ignored the Some Other Race selection. This editing process produced tabulations from our estimates that show fewer people reporting two or more races than similar tabulations from Census 2010, because respondents who selected Some Other Race and one of the OMB mandated races in Census 2010 appear in the single OMB race category in the estimates base.
White. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as "White" or report entries such as Irish, German, Italian, Lebanese, Arab, Moroccan, or Caucasian.
Black or African American. A person having origins in any of the Black racial groups of Africa. It includes people who indicate their race as "Black, African Am., or Negro"; or report entries such as African American, Kenyan, Nigerian, or Haitian.
American Indian and Alaska Native. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of North and South America (including Central America) and who maintains tribal affiliation or community attachment. This category includes people who indicate their race as "American Indian or Alaska Native" or report entries such as Navajo, Blackfeet, Inupiat, Yup'ik, or Central American Indian groups or South American Indian groups.
Asian. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. It includes people who indicate their
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials race as "Asian Indian," "Chinese," "Filipino," "Korean," "Japanese," "Vietnamese," and "Other Asian" or provide other detailed Asian responses.
Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander. A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. It includes people who indicate their race as "Native Hawaiian," "Guamanian or Chamorro," "Samoan," and "Other Pacific Islander" or provide other detailed Pacific Islander responses.
Two or more races. People may have chosen to provide two or more races either by checking two or more race response check boxes, by providing multiple responses, or by some combination of check boxes and other responses.
The concept of race is separate from the concept of Hispanic origin. Percentages for the various race categories add to 100 percent, and should not be combined with the percent Hispanic.
Non-Hispanic White alone persons. Individuals who responded "No, not Spanish/Hispanic/Latino" and who reported "White" as their only entry in the race question. Tallies that show race categories for Hispanics and non-Hispanics separately are also available.
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
Black populations ranked by size in US metropolitan areas
Black Black Metropolitan Area Population Percentage
1 New York, NJ-NY 3,412,320 17%
2 Atlanta, GA 1,794,205 33%
3 Chicago, IL 1,620,641 17%
4 Washington, DC 1,490,421 25%
5 Philadelphia, PA 1,256,908 21%
6 Miami, FL 1,229,061 21%
7 Los Angeles, CA (CSA)** 1,219,671 7%
8 Houston, TX 1,069,601 17%
9 Dallas-Ft Worth, TX 1,005,927 15%
10 Detroit, MI 961,871 23%
11 Baltimore, MD 793,749 29%
12 Memphis, TN 614,468 46%
13 San Fransisco-Oakland (CSA) 527,909 6%
14 Norfolk–Virginia Beach, VA 524,445 31%
15 St. Louis, MO, IL 513,068 18%
16 Charlotte, NC 506,743 22%
17 Raleigh-Durham, NC (CSA) 458,630 23%
18 New Orleans, LA 425,504 35%
19 Cleveland, OH 412,549 20%
20 Richmond, VA 371,424 30%
21 Orlando, FL 361,047 16%
22 Boston, MA 357,691 8%
23 Tampa–St. Petersburg, FL 340,888 12%
24 Greensboro-Winston-Salem, NC (CSA) 336,128 21%
25 Birmingham, AL 323,519 28%
26 Jacksonville, FL 297,789 22%
27 Baton Rouge, LA 289,974 36%
28 Indianapolis, IN 282,243 15%
29 Columbus, OH 281,911 14%
30 Jackson, MS 279,311 49%
31 Nashville, TN 264,401 15%
32 Cincinnati, OH 260,207 12%
33 Columbia, SC 260,138 33%
34 Milwaukee, WI 258,877 17%
35 Kansas City, MO–KS 256,006 13%
36 Minneapolis-St Paul, MN 255,030 7%
37 Greenville -Spatanburg, SC (CSA) 254,810 18% Page 15 of 38
Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
Black Black Metropolitan Area Population Percentage
38 Phoenix, AZ 221,763 5%
39 Las Vegas, NV 214,491 11%
40 Augusta, GA 204,738 36%
41 Seattle, WA 198,650 6% 42 Pittsburgh, PA 193,323 8%
43 Charleston, SC 188,704 27%
44 Louisville, KY 174,174 14% 45 Shreveport, LA 171,944 39% 46 Montgomery, AL 162,337 43%
47 Little Rock, AR 162,241 23%
48 San Diego, CA 160,316 5%
49 Sacramento, CA 157,983 7%
50 Denver, CO 146,943 6%
51 San Antonio, TX 145,284 6% 52 Mobile,AL 144,637 35%
53 Buffalo, NY 137,038 12%
54 Austin, TX 133,978 7% 55 Fayetteville, NC 133,975 36%
56 Hartford, CT 131,833 11%
57 Oklahoma City, OK 131,681 10%
58 Dayton, OH 125,258 16%
59 Rochester, NY 123,603 11% 60 Columbus, GA 123,115 40% 61 Tallahassee, FL 122,840 33% 62 Savannah, GA 121,595 34% 63 Lafayette, LA 117,355 25% 64 New Haven, CT 109,755 13%
65 Bridgeport-Stamford, CT 103,232 11% 66 Macon, GA 101,812 44% 67 Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX 97,750 24%
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
List of African Countries (as used by the United Nations when categorizing geographic subregions) Eastern Africa Country Population Maps Capital City
Burundi 8,500,000 Burundi Map Bujumbura
Comoros 727,000 Comoros Map Moroni
Djibouti 900,000 Djibouti Map Djibouti
Eritrea 5,200,000 Eritrea Map Asmara
Ethiopia 85,000,000 Ethiopia Map Addis Ababa
Kenya 40,000,000 Kenya Map Nairobi
Madagascar 20,100,000 Madagascar Map Antananarivo
Malawi 15,400,000 Malawi Map Lilongwe
Mauritius 1,300,000 Port Louis
Mozambique 23,400,000 Mozambique Map Maputo
Réunion 800,000 Saint-Denis
Rwanda 10,400,000 Rwanda Map Kigali
Seychelles 100,000 Victoria
Somalia 9,400,000 Somalia Map Mogadishu
Tanzania 45,000,000 Tanzania Map Dodoma, Dar es Salaam
Uganda 33,800,000 Uganda Map Kampala
Zambia 13,300,000 Zambia Map Lusaka
Zimbabwe 12,600,000 Zimbabwe Map Harare
Central Africa (Middle Africa, or also Equatorial Africa) Country Population Maps Capital City
Angola 19,000,000 Angola Map Luanda
Cameroon 20,000,000 Cameroon Map Yaoundé Central African
Central African Republic 4,800,000 Bangui
Republic Map
Chad 11,500,000 Chad Map N'Djamena
Congo, Rep. (Brazzaville) 3,900,000 Congo, Rep. Map Brazzaville Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Dem. Rep. (Kinshasa) 67,800,000 Kinshasa
Map
Equatorial Guinea 700,000 Equatorial Guinea Map Malabo
Gabon 1,500,000 Gabon Map Libreville
São Tomé and Príncipe 200,000 São Tomé
Northern Africa or North Africa Country Population Maps Capital City
Algeria 36,000,000 Algeria Map Algiers Page 17 of 38
Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
Northern Africa or North Africa
Egypt 80,400,000 Egypt Map Cairo
Libya 6,500,000 Libya Map Tripoli
Morocco 31,900,000 Morocco Map Rabat
South Sudan 9,000,000 see: Sudan Map Juba
Sudan 36,000,000 Sudan Map Khartoum
Tunisia 10,500,000 Tunisia Map Tunis
Western Sahara 500,000 see: Mauritania Map (El Aaiún)
Southern Africa Country Population Maps Capital City
Botswana 1,800,000 Botswana Map Gaborone
Lesotho 1,900,000 Maseru
Namibia 2,200,000 Namibia Map Windhoek Pretoria, Bloemfontein,
South Africa 49,900,000 South Africa Map Cape Town
Swaziland 1,200,000 Swaziland Map Mbabane, Lobamba
Western Africa Country Population Maps Capital City
Benin 9,800,000 Benin Map Porto-Novo, Cotonou
Burkina Faso 16,200,000 Burkina Faso Map Ouagadougou
Cape Verde 500,000 Cape Verde Map Praia
Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) 22,000,000 Ivory Coast Map Yamoussoukro, Abidjan
Gambia, The 1,800,000 see: Senegal Map Banjul
Ghana 24,000,000 Ghana Map Accra
Guinea 10,800,000 Guinea Map Conakry
Guinea-Bissau 1,600,000 Guinea-Bissau Map Bissau
Liberia 4,100,000 Liberia Map Monrovia
Mali 15,200,000 Mali Map Bamako
Mauritania 3,400,000 Mauritania Map Nouakchott
Niger 15,900,000 Niger Map Niamey
Nigeria 158,300,000 Nigeria Map Abuja Saint Helena 6,000 Jamestown
Senegal 12,500,000 Senegal Map Dakar
Sierra Leone 5,800,000 Sierra Leone Map Freetown
Togo 6,800,000 Togo Map Lomé
Population Sources see: Population by Country A List of up-to-date population figures from the most to the least populated countries in the world. Page 18 of 38
Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
Africans in the Americas
Capital City Satellite View/Map Citizens Country
Asunción Asunción Map 560,000 Paraguay
Basseterre Basseterre Map 15,000 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Belmopan Belmopan Map 8,300 Belize
Bogotá (Santa Fé de Bogotá) Bogotá Map 6,422,198 Colombia
Brasilia Brasilia Map 1,650,000 Brazil
Bridgetown Bridgetown Map 8,500 Barbados
Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Map 3,000,000 Argentina
Caracas Caracas Map 6,000,000 Venezuela
Castries Castries Map 2,000 Saint Lucia
Georgetown Georgetown Map 80,000 Guyana Guatemala City (La Cuidad
Guatemala Map 1,700,000 Guatemala de Guatemala)
Havana (La Habana) Havana Map 2,180,000 Cuba
Kingston Kingston Map 104,000 Jamaica
Kingstown Kingstown Map 20,000 Saint Vincent & Grenadines
La Paz (adm.) La Paz Map 785,000 Bolivia
Lima Lima Map 6,420,000 Peru
Managua Managua Map 610,000 Nicaragua
México (Ciudad de México) México City Map 8,300,000 Mexico
Montevideo Montevideo Map 1,370,000 Uruguay
Nassau Nassau Map 170,000 Bahamas, The
Ottawa Ottawa Map 320,000 Canada
Panamá (City) Panamá City Map 452,000 Panama
Paramaribo Paramaribo Map 111,000 Suriname
Port-au-Prince Port-au-Prince Map 700,000 Haiti
Port-of-Spain Port-of-Spain Map 45,000 Trinidad and Tobago
Quito Quito Map 1,100,000 Ecuador
Roseau Roseau Map 16,500 Dominica
Saint George's Saint George's Map 5,000 Grenada
Saint John's (St John's) St John's Map 23,000 Antigua & Barbuda
San José San José Map 317,000 Costa Rica
San Salvador San Salvador Map 420,000 El Salvador
Santiago Santiago Map 4,250,000 Chile
Santo Domingo Santo Domingo Map 2,150,000 Dominican Republic
Sucre (legislative) La Paz Map 785,000 Bolivia
Tegucigalpa Tegucigalpa Map 620,000 Honduras
Washington D.C. Washington D.C. Map 570,000 United States
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
American Wars in Which African Americans Were Involved 1890-Present
19th Century Wars
Result for the United Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 States and/or its Allies
Pine Ridge Campaign (1890–1891) United States Sioux Victory
Location: South Dakota
Mass grave for the dead Lakota after the conflict at Wounded Knee Creek. Garza Revolution (1891–1893) Mexico Garzistas Victory United States Location: Texas and Mexico Yaqui Wars (1896-1918) United States Yaqui Victory Mexico Pima Location: Arizona and Mexico Opata
10th Cavalry soldiers holding Yaqui prisoners at their camp in Bear Valley, January 9, 1918. Compromise Second Samoan Civil War (1898–1899) Allies and Rebels Samoa Mataafans compromise for peace United States Germany Tripartite Convention Location: Samoa United States acquires American Samoa
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Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
United Kingdom withdraws claim in exchange for concessions in the Solomon Islands Germany acquires German Samoa Mata'afa Iosefo becomes paramount chief of Samoa
Spanish–American War (1898)
Location: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines and Guam Spain: Victory
United States Cuba Treaty of Paris Cuba Guam Protectorate over Cuba Philippine Collapse of the Spanish Republic Philippines Empire Katipunan Puerto Generation of '98 among Rico Spanish intellectuals
Battle of Manila Bay painting. Philippine–American War (1899–1902)
Location: Philippines First Philippine Republic Tagalog Republic Victory Pulajanes Occupation of the Sulu Sultanate United States Philippines Moro Dissolution of the First Republic of Philippine Republic Zamboanga Republic of A group of Filipino combatants are Negros photographed just as they lay down their weapons prior to their surrender. Moro Rebellion (1899–1913) Moro United States Remnants of the Victory Philippines Sulu Sultanate
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Aftermath of the First Battle of Bud Dajo.
Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901) United Kingdom Victory Location: China Russia The rebellion was Japan Righteous suppressed France Harmony Society Signing of the Boxer United States (Boxers) Protocol Germany China Provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Italy Beijing Austria- Hungary The fall of Tianjin.
20th century wars
Result for the United Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 States and/or its Allies
Crazy Snake Rebellion (1909) United States Creek Victory Location: Oklahoma
Creek prisoners of war. Border War (1910–1919) United States Mexican Victory
Part of the Mexican Revolution Carrancistas Seditionist insurgency suppressed Location: Mexico–United States border Battles between Mexican and American forces ceased in 1919 after the American/Carrancista victory in the Battle of Ciudad Juárez[2]
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Pancho Villa's troops no longer an effective fighting force[3] Negro Rebellion (1912) Cuba Cuban PIC Victory Part of the Banana Wars United States Rebellion suppressed Location: Cuba Dissolution of the PIC
USS Mississippi in Cuba Occupation of Nicaragua (1912–1933) United States Nicaraguan Victory Part of the Banana Wars Nicaragua Liberals Sandinistas Nicaragua occupied Location: Nicaragua until 1933. Great Depression marked US withdrawal in 1933. Change of regime in Nicaragua.
Occupation of Nicaragua Bluff War (1914–1915) United States Ute Victory Paiute Location: Utah and Colorado
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Prisoners of the Bluff War in Thompson, Utah, waiting to board a train for their trial in Salt Lake City.
Occupation of Haiti (1915–1934) United States Haitian Rebels Victory Part of the Banana Wars Haiti Haiti occupied Location: Haiti
Occupation of Haiti Sugar Intervention Cuba Liberal Party of Victory
(1916–1918) United States Cuba Part of the Banana Wars Uprising quelled.
Location: Cuba Occupation of the Dominican Republic United States Dominican Victory (1916–1924) Republic Part of the Banana Wars Dominican Republic occupied Location: Dominican Republic
Occupation of the Dominican Republic. World War I France Germany Victory (1917–1918) United Austria-Hungary Kingdom End of the German, Location: Europe, Africa, Asia, Middle Ottoman Empire Russian, Ottoman, and Russia East, the Pacific Islands, and coast of Bulgaria Austro-Hungarian North and South America United States empires China Formation of new Italy countries in Europe and the Middle East Japan Transfer of German Canada colonies and regions of Australia the former Ottoman New Zealand Empire to other powers India South Africa Page 24 of 38
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Hejaz Establishment of the League of Nations Serbia Montenegro Romania Belgium Greece Portugal Brazil
Two US troops pass by dead German soldiers on a battlefield. Russian Civil War White Russian SFSR Defeat (1918–1920) movement Far Eastern British Empire Republic Allied withdrawal from Location: Russia, Mongolia, and Iran Latvian SSR Russia Unite Ukrainian SSR Bolshevik victory over d Kingdom Commune of White Army Canad Estonia Victory for pro- a Mongolian independence Austra communists movements in Finland, lia Estonia, Latvia, India Lithuania, and Poland
Japan US troops march through Russia before Czechoslovaki the Battle of Romanovka. a Greece Poland United States France Romania Serbia Italy China Posey War (1923) United States Ute Victory Location: Utah Paiute
Ute and Paiute prisoners of war. World War II (1941–1945) Soviet Union Germany Victory United States Japan Location: Europe, Pacific Ocean, United Collapse of the Third Atlantic Ocean, Southeast Asia, Middle Kingdom Italy Reich Page 25 of 38
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East, Mediterranean, North Africa, China Hungary Fall of Japanese and North and South America Romania Italian Empires France Creation of the United Poland Bulgaria Nations Canada Finland Emergence of the Australia Thailand United States and the Soviet Union as New Zealand Manchukuo India superpowers Mengjiang Beginning of the Cold South Africa Croatia War Mongolia Yugoslavia Slovakia Greece Albania
US troops in Okinawa. Denmark Norway Netherlands Philippines Belgium Luxembourg Czechoslovaki a Brazil Mexico Ethiopia Viet Minh KLA Korean War (1950–1953) South Korea North Korea Stalemate Part of the Cold War United States China United Soviet Union North Korean invasions Location: Korea Kingdom Mongolia of South Korea repelled Subsequent United Australia India Nations invasion of Belgium North Korea repelled Canada Philippines Subsequent Chinese- North Korean-Soviet Colombia invasion of South Korea Cuba repelled Ethiopia Korean Armistice Greece Agreement Japan Luxembourg Netherlands US and South Korean troops in combat. New Zealand South Africa Thailand Turkey Taiwan Guatemala El Salvador Page 26 of 38
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Lebanon Crisis Lebanon Lebanese Victory (1958) United States Opposition: US-Lebanese Location: Lebanon INM occupation of the port and international airport LCP of Beirut PSP Withdrawal of US forces
US Marine sits in a foxhole and points his machine gun toward Beirut.
Bay of Pigs Invasion United States Cuba Defeat (1961) CDRF Part of the Cold War Invasion of Cuba suppressed Location: Cuba Failed Castro assassination
Simba Rebellion Congo- Simba rebels Victory (1964) Léopoldville Part of the Cold War Belgium Cuba Rebellion defeated. United States Location: Democratic Republic of the Tanganyikaa Congo Soviet Union China
Dominican Civil War (1965–1966) United States Dominican Victory Brazil Republic Location: Dominican Republic Honduras Juan Bosch excluded Paraguay from Presidency US soldiers arrive in the Dominican Election of Joaquín Nicaragua Republic. Balaguer.
Vietnam War South Vietnam North Vietnam Defeat (1965–1973[a], 1975[b]) United States Viet Cong Part of the Cold War and Indochina Wars Withdrawal of South Korea Khmer Rouge American forces from Australia Location: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Pathet Lao Indochina Laos New Zealand China North Vietnamese Thailand victory over South Philippines Vietnam Dissolution of the Khmer Republic of Vietnam Republic Communist governments take power Page 27 of 38
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Kingdom of in South Vietnam, Laos Laos and Cambodia South Vietnam is annexed by North Vietnam
US soldiers gathered around dead Viet Cong troops. Communist insurgency in Thailand Thailand Communist Party Victory (1965–1983) Taiwan (until of Thailand 1967) Defeat of communist Location: Thailand United States weapons and insurgents. Malaysia advisors: North Vietnam (until 1976) Vietnam (from 1976) Soviet Union People Republic of China (1971–1978) Pathet Lao[4] [5] Malayan Communist Party Khmer Rouge (until 1978)[4] [5] North Korea[5] Shaba II (1978) Zaire Front for the Victory France National Liberation of
Location: Zaire the Congo Belgium (present-day Democratic Republic of the United States Congo) Multinational Force in Lebanon Italy Islamic Jihad Victory (1982-1984) United States Organization Part of the Lebanese Civil War France Iran Multinational forces United Syria supervise withdrawal of Location: Lebanon Kingdom Palestine Liberation Organization. Multiple Syrian AA guns and a command post destroyed
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USS New Jersey fires a salvo from her 16-inch guns during a 1984 deployment off Beirut. Invasion of Grenada United States PRG of Grenada Victory (1983) Caribbean Peace Cuba Part of the Cold War Force: Military advisors: Military dictatorship of List Hudson Austin deposed Location: Grenada Barbados Soviet Defeat of Cuban Jamaica Union military presence Organisation of North Restoration of Eastern Caribbean Korea Constitutional States East Government Germany Bulgaria Libya
American soldiers in mortar positions in Grenada.
Tanker War (1987–1988) United States Iran Victory Location: Persian Gulf Successful operations against Iran during the Iran-Iraq war
Iranian frigate Sahand after being attacked by U.S. aircraft. Invasion of Panama (1989–1990) United States Panama Victory Location: Panama Dictator Manuel Noriega deposed.
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U.S. troops prepare to take a neighborhood in Panama City, December 1989. Gulf War (1990–1991) Kuwait Victory Iraq Location: Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, United States and Israel United Iraqi withdrawal from Kingdom Kuwait; Emir Jaber III Saudi Arabia restored Sanctions against Iraq France Canada Egypt Syria Qatar
Aftermath of a bombed US position. Bahrain United Arab Emirates Oman Bangladesh Somali Civil War (1992–1995) United States Victory Somalia United Location: Somalia Kingdom UN humanitarian Spain mandate fulfilled. About 100,000 lives Saudi Arabia were saved by outside Malaysia resistance. Pakistan Civil war is ongoing. Italy India Greece
American soldiers on patrol in Somalia. Germany France Canada Botswana Belgium Australia Intervention in Haiti (1994–1995) United States Haiti Victory Location: Haiti Poland Argentina
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Reinstatement of Jean- Bertrand Aristide as president of Haiti.
US troops arrive in Haiti. Bosnian War (1994–1995) Bosnia and Republika Victory Part of the Yugoslav Wars Herzegovina Srpska Dayton Accords Location: Bosnia and Herzegovina YPA Internal partition of Herzeg-Bosnia Serbian Krajina Bosnia and Herzegovina Western Bosnia Croatia according to the Dayton FR Yugoslavia Accords Deployment of NATO-
led IFOR to oversee the peace agreement United States Massive civilian Belgium casualties for the Canada Bosniak ethnic group Denmark UN forces deployed in Bosnia. France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom
Kosovo War (1998–1999) FR Yugoslavia Victory Part of the Yugoslav Wars KLA AFRK Kumanovo Treaty Location: Serbia Albania Yugoslav security forces pull out of Croatia Bombing in Kosovo. Kosovo United States KLA veterans join the Belgium UÇPMB, starting the Canada Preševo insurgency Czech Republic Denmark France Germany Page 31 of 38
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Hungary Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Poland Spain Turkey United Kingdom
1. ^ Direct U.S. involvement ended in 1973 with the Paris Peace Accords. 2. ^ The war reignited on 13 December 1974 with offensive operations by North Vietnam, leading to victory over South Vietnam in under two months.
21st century wars
Result for the Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 United States and/or its Allies United States Taliban "Victory" Afghanistan War in Afghanistan ISAF Islamic Jihad American-led (2001–2014) United Kingdom Union coalition Part of the War on Terror Haqqani invasion and Azerbaijan network occupation of Location: Afghanistan Germany Afghanistan Destruction of Denmark al-Qaeda Italy Allied groups training camps France Fall of the Canada HIG Taliban Australia al-Qaeda government New Zealand IJU[6] Establishment El Salvador IMU of the Islamic Armenia Republic of U.S. troops of India Company, Georgia Afghanistan 3rd Battalion, 5th Marine Norway Taliban splinter under the Regiment during their clearing Sweden groups Karzai administration of the Sangin District. Poland Start of Taliban Estonia Fidai Mahaz insurgency Page 32 of 38
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Romania 2001 invasion: Death of Turkey Islamic Osama bin Bulgaria Emirate of Laden in Hungary Afghanistan Pakistan Commencemen Luxembourg Taliban t of war's Portugal 2015–present Jordan al-Qaeda phase Albania Iceland 055 Brigade Northern Alliance "Victory" - see War on ISIL below
Invasion and occupation of Iraq Overthrow of Iraq War Ba'ath Party (2003–2011) United States government Part of the Iraqi Insurgency and Iraq and execution War on Terror Baath Azerbaijan Loyalists of Saddam Hussein Islamic State Location: Iraq Iraqi United Kingdom of Iraq insurgency, South Korea al-Qaeda in emergence of Italy Iraq al-Qaeda in Poland Mahdi Army Iraq, and civil Special Australia war[7] Groups Georgia Subsequent IAI Ukraine depletion of al- Ansar al- Estonia Qaeda in Sunnah Netherlands Iraq,[8][9]
U.S. troops of L Company, 3rd Spain improvements Battalion, 3rd Marine Regiment in public Denmark Ba'athist Iraq [10] search a house for insurgents, security, weapons caches and explosives MNF–I Iraqi during a patrol. insurgency persists[9] Establishment of democratic elections and formation of new Shia-led government
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U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement Withdrawal of U.S. forces from Iraq Increased Iranian influence in Iraq[11][12][13][14] Escalation of sectarian insurgency after U.S. withdrawal and spillover with the Syrian Civil War[9] Rise of the Islamic State of Iraq, the successor of al- Qaeda in Iraq[15]
War in North-West Pakistan Tehrik-i- (2004–present) Taliban Pakistan Ongoing Part of the War on Terror al-Qaeda Location: Pakistan Lashkar-e- Drone Jhangvi strikes Lashkar-e- being Islam conducted Islamic by the Movement of United United States Uzbekistan States Jundallah, East Tehreek-e- Pakistan Turkestan Islamic Khilafat, Airstrike on insurgent forces in Movement and the Pakistan. Tehreek-e- Islamic Shariat Movement of Uzbekistan Islamic State join ISIL of Iraq and the Levant
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2011 military intervention in States enforcing Libya UNSC Resolution 1973 Victory (2011) : Part of the Libyan Crisis Overthrow of Gaddafi Location: Libya NATO government and Death of Belgium Muammar Bulgaria Gaddafi Canada Assumption of Denmark interim control by National France Transitional Greece Council (NTC) Italy Diplomatic
Libya Netherlands recognition of Norway US vessels launch missiles in NTC as sole Romania support of the Libyan Civil War. governing Spain authority for Turkey Libya by 105 United countries, UN, Kingdom EU, AL and United AU States Post-civil war violence in Jordan Libya, leading Qatar to another civil Sweden war in 2014[16] United Arab Emirates War on ISIL (Operation United States Ongoing Inherent Resolve) Iraq Islamic State (2014–present) United Kingdom of Iraq and the Airstrikes on Part of the Iraqi Civil War, Canada Levant ISIL and al- Syrian Civil War, Second Libyan Jordan Boko Haram Qaeda positions Civil War, Morocco in Iraq, Syria, Boko Haram insurgency, and the Australia Libya, Nigeria War on Terror Belgium al-Nusra and Afghanistan Denmark Front Multinational Location: Iraq, Syria, Libya France Khorasan humanitarian and Nigeria Germany efforts Italy Arming and Netherlands support for local New Zealand Ahrar ash- ground forces Norway Sham Hundreds of Portugal thousands of Page 35 of 38
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Spain civilians in Iraq Bahrain and Syria flee Saudi Arabia their homes United Arab sparking a Emirates refugee crisis Syrian Opposition Thousands of Nigeria civilians are US airstrikes on ISIL positions Chad executed by in Syria. Cameroon ISIL forces Niger ISIL loses up to Libya 30% of its territory in
Iraq[17] Syria ISIL controls Iran around 50% of Russia Syria by late May 2015[18][19] Emergence of independently- governed Kurdish regions
War in Afghanistan Islamic Republic of Ongoing (2015–present) Afghanistan Taliban Security and Afghan National Haqqani control of Security Forces network Afghanistan Islamic taken over by Allied militias Jihad Afghan security Union forces Jamiat-e Islami NATO Junbish-i-Milli Supported by: implements a ISAF troops changing mission Hezbe Wahdat Pakistan support mission and beginning the RSM. Continued Coalition: Inter- counter-terror Services operations being Resolute Support Intelligenc conducted by Mission (2015–present) e NATO forces Australia (Denied by ISIL establishes Croatia Pakistan) presence in Czech Afghanistan and Republic begins to recruit Georgia fighters[20] (IPAP) Allied groups Failed 2015 Germany Taliban Italy resurgence Page 36 of 38
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Romania Hezb-e- attempt in Spain Islami Kunduz, Turkey Gulbuddin northern United al-Qaeda Afghanistan[21] Kingdom Islamic U.S. halts United Jihad withdrawal and States Union prolongs presence in Afghanistan[22]
Taliban splinter groups
Dadullah Front Fidai Mahaz
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
Wilayat Khorasan
References
1. ^ Canny, p. 92.[citation not found] 2. ^ Beede, Benjamin R. (1994). "The War of 1898, and U.S. Interventions, 1898-1934". Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9780824056247. Retrieved 12 March 2015. 3. ^ "History: World War I". 4. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference CIA was invoked but never defined (see the help page). 5. ^ a b c "Anatomy of a Counterinsurgency Victory" (PDF). January 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2014. 6. ^ "Central Asian groups split over leadership of global jihad". The Long War Journal. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015. 7. ^ "Sectarian divisions change Baghdad's image". MSNBC. 3 July 2006. Retrieved 18 February 2007. 8. ^ "U.S. says Iraq pullout won't cause dramatic violence". MSNBC. 18 November 2010. Archived from the original on May 1, 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2010. 9. ^ a b c "The JRTN Movement and Iraq's Next Insurgency | Combating Terrorism Center at West Point". Ctc.usma.edu. Retrieved 2014-08-02. 10. ^ "UK 'to continue deporting failed Iraqi asylum seekers'". BBC News. 22 November 2010. Retrieved 26 November 2010. Page 37 of 38
Pi Rho African American History and Knowledge Bowl 2017 Study Materials
11. ^ Galbraith, Peter W. (2007). The End of Iraq: How American Incompetence Created a War Without End. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0743294249.[page needed] 12. ^ "Iran expands regional 'empire' ahead of nuclear deal". Reuters. 13. ^ "Chaos in Iraq under US-Iran hegemony - Iraq - World bulletin News". World Bulletin. 14. ^ "How to Stop Iran's Growing Hegemony - National Review Online". National Review Online. 15. ^ "Al-Qaeda's Resurgence in Iraq: A Threat to U.S. Interests". U.S Department of State. 5 February 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2010. 16. ^ Holmes, Oliver (24 January 2012). "UPDATE 1-Anger, chaos but no revolt after Libya violence". Bani Walid. Reuters Africa. Retrieved 24 January 2012. 17. ^ "April 14, 2015 - RT News". Retrieved 14 May 2015. 18. ^ "Bustle". Retrieved 23 June 2015. 19. ^ "Isis controls over 50% of Syria after taking Palmyra". Newsweek. 21 May 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2015. 20. ^ "Officials confirm ISIL present in Afghanistan". Al Jazeera. 21. ^ "Taliban exit Afghan city of Kunduz but claims mission was success". 22. ^ Matthew Rosenberg and Michael D. Shear. "In Reversal, Obama Says U.S. Soldiers Will Stay in Afghanistan to 2017". The New York Times. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
External links Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research (HIIK)
Conflict Barometer – Describes recent trends in conflict development, escalations, and settlements A Continent Divided: The U.S.-Mexico War, Center for Greater Southwestern Studies, the University of Texas at Arlington Timeline of wars involving the United States, HistropediaRetrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_wars_involving_the_United_States& oldid=726611956"
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