DOCSLIB.ORG

Energy Security in Transition

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Energy Security in Transition ENERGY SECURITY IN TRANSITION: PREVIEWCOPING WITH ENERGY IMPORT DEPENDENCE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC, SLOVAKIA AND HUNGARY By Andrej Nosko A Doctoral Dissertation submitted to Central European University Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science Supervisor: Professor Béla Greskovits Budapest, Hungary 2013 CEU eTD Collection DECLARATION I hereby declare that no parts of this thesis have been accepted for any other degrees in any other institutions. This thesis contains no materials previously written and/or published by another PREVIEWperson, except where appropriate acknowledgment is made in the form of bibliographical reference. Andrej Nosko CEU eTD Collection ii ABSTRACT In this dissertation I study why countries under comparable international conditions prioritize energy security differently. Why do their domestic responses of coping with structural position of PREVIEWenergy import dependence vary over time, and what explains the type of variation and its timing? By answering these questions, this dissertation contributes to the broader research field on temporal and spatial variation of domestic responses to comparable international conditions. In order to understand the factors of prioritizing security in energy policy, and their facilitating and inhibiting conditions in countries in transition, through case selection, I isolate effects of fundamentals and external factors. As I observe in the Central and East European countries in transition, policies enhancing energy security are prioritized when three aspects coincide and interact: When popular perception of threat, which can plausibly be connected to the energy supply, is high and concentrated among supporters of ruling parties; when former elites who can draw on personal links with the perceived source of threat, and thus can dampen the effects of threat, are removed from power; and when incumbent industrial interests are de-concentrated and face obstacles in promoting their interests. I also argue that specific timing of change of ownership lowering the control of government over energy assets i.e. privatization, was an obstacle to prioritizing policies aiming to increasing energy security. The broader theoretical contribution of this dissertation consists of argument for reframing the energy policy debate by bringing back domestic politics, and by contributing to understanding of security policy prioritization during transition. Energy security, albeit important, is only one of the aspects that are being pursued by governments. Through this project I also lay the foundations for CEU eTD Collection broader conceptual model for analyzing energy security, within more inclusive context, as one, but not the only one of the energy policy priorities. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Béla Greskovits, my supervisor, mentor, and friend whose support, intellectual stimulus and understanding was priceless in enabling me to finish this research endeavor. I am grateful to Erin Jenne and Andreas Goldthau, who joined my supervisory panel, when the train was already rolling, but whose comments and guidance provided very much needed energy and impetus in the advanced stages of my research. PREVIEWI have benefited from the generous support of Central European University, the doctoral scholarship at the Department of Political Science, and the Annual Doctoral Conferences. These, together with the supervisory panels, offered fresh feedback on many versions of my drafts since 2006. I would like to thank fellow members of the Political Economy Research Group (PERG) who have been perhaps the toughest critics of early drafts of most of my chapters. I am thankful to Goran Buldioski at the Think Tank Fund, for his support and understanding as I balanced the workload at the Fund, and the PhD research at the University. I thank Joaquim Nunes de Almeida, for his understanding of my urge to finish this research; his friendship and guidance in my first-hand experience of policymaking processes of the European Union have been truly rewarding. I am indebted to my dear friend and mentor, late Olda Černý, who got me fascinated by energy security. I would like to thank Július Horváth, Stefano Guzzini and Svante E. Cornell, it was thanks to their guidance in my early studies that I have set on path of studying energy security. I am grateful to Anita Orbán, Jiří Schneider, Karel Hirman, Urban Rusnák, and Václav Bartuška, who at different stages provided their help through comments, recommendations and information without which this dissertation would look very different. I am thankful to Petr Lang, Petr Binhack, Peter Ševce, Jakub Jaroš, Michal Thim, and Kevin Rosner, with whom I was able to test some of my early arguments. I am thankful to Sanja Pesek, for the extensive discussions on transitional justice, which inspired part of my explanatory model. In collecting the vast amount of data I have tremendously benefited from the help of my research assistants. My sister Vlasta Nosková, Jr. was my first and the most diligent assistant, I cannot thank her enough for her meticulous cross-checking of data on Czech and Slovak ministers in multiple databases. I am grateful to Mirka Holubíková for being my extended presence in Czech Republic and scanning hundreds of archival articles in the Czech National Library. Gergely Nagy has been my Hungarian eyes and ears, and I thank him for his help in searching and cross-checking of Hungarian primary news sources, based on my often erratic and incomplete inklings. I appreciate help of Beáta Jurigová who helped with searching and collecting digital news sources in Czech Republic and Slovakia, and Eszter-Petronella Soós whose help was instrumental to researching links of Hungarian elites to the past communist regime. I am thankful to the staff at the CEU library, and especially Ivett Molnár who took initiative and connected me with Péter Hegedűs at TÁRKI and Károly Schmidt at E.ON Földgáz Trade both of whom I thank for providing me with their assistance in accessing threat perception survey, and gas price data. CEU eTD Collection The most special thanks are due to my family: Vica, my wife, has been tremendously supportive in managing the household whenever I was hidden in my research cell, my daughter Ica waited patiently for me to finish up the writing so that I can read with her. I thank my mom, sister and Ľubo, for all their help and emotional support. I dedicate this dissertation to the memory of my late father, Ján Nosko, a tragic victim of transition. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Declaration ............................................................................................................................... ii Abstract .................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. iv PREVIEWTable of Contents ...................................................................................................................... v List of Tables, Figures and Charts ..........................................................................................vii Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................x Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 1 Puzzle ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 Research Question .................................................................................................................................. 6 Structure of the dissertation and overview of chapters ..................................................................... 8 Chapter 1. Theoretical Contribution and Review of the State of Art ...................................... 15 1.1. Research Question and Puzzle ..................................................................................................... 15 1.2. Definition of Energy Security and Theoretical Discussion ..................................................... 18 1.3. Understanding the Variation in Policy Priorities....................................................................... 27 1.4. Rival Explanations ......................................................................................................................... 43 1.5. Case Selection ................................................................................................................................. 49 1.6. Puzzle............................................................................................................................................... 50 1.7. Research Model in Detail .............................................................................................................. 52 Chapter 2. Explanatory Variables Compared .......................................................................... 57 2.1. Influence of Threat Perception on Security Prioritization in Energy Policy ........................ 57 2.2. Ruling Elites’ Relations with Russia ............................................................................................ 66 2.3. Concentration of Energy-Intensive Export-Oriented
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Aero Ae 45 & Ae
    This production list is presented to you by the editorial team of "Soviet Transports" - current to the beginning of January 2021. Additions and corrections are welcome at [email protected] Aero Ae 45 & Ae 145 181 Ae 45 built by Aero at Prague-Vysocany from 1947 to 1951 The c/n consisted of the year of manufacture and a sequential number. 1 OK-BCA Ae 45 Aero f/f 21jul47 the first prototype; rgd 11sep47; underwent trials with the SVZÚ sep47 OK-BCA Ae 45 Ministers. dopravy trf unknown Ministry of Transport OK-BCA Ae 45 CSA trf unknown canx 1953 2 OK-CCA Ae 45 Aero rgd 09apr48 the second prototype; f/f 12mar48 OK-CCA Ae 45 Celulozka Bratisl. trf unknown Celulozka Bratislava; canx 1958 not known Ae 45 Czechoslovak AF trf unknown 49 003 G-007 (1) Ae 45 Hungarian AF d/d 15may49 HA-AEB Ae 45 MÉM Rep. Szolgálat trf 06apr52 Hungarian Flying Association; damaged 29apr52 when the landing gear broke HA-AEB Ae 45 OMSZ trf 18jun57 Hungarian Air Ambulance; w/o (or canx ?) 22nov62 49 004 OK-DCB Ae 45 rgd 21apr49 canx to Italy I-CRES Ae 45 Aero Club Milano rgd 18jul59 Aero Club Milano of Linate; owner also reported as Franco Rol; based at Torino; canx 1970 F-GFYA Ae 45 Pierre Cavassilas res aug88 Pierre Cavassilas of Chavenay; possibly never fully registered F-AZJX Ae 45 Pierre Cavassilas rgd 08jul94 seen Chavenay 20may94 with a 'W' taped over the 'A' of the registration; still current in 2007; under restoration near Paris in 2008; was to be reflown jan09; seen Compiègne 19jun09 and 27jun09 in all-grey c/s with large blue registration, in great condition; seen Soissons-Courmelles 28may12 with smaller black registration; l/n Compiègne 15jun13, active 49 005 OK-DCA Ae 45 rgd 23apr49 I-AERA Ae 45 Luigi Leone rgd 11oct61 based at Torino 49 006 HB-EKF Ae 45 Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Analysis of Composite Jet Engine Air Inlet
    36th Danubia-Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics 24–27 September 2019, Plzeň, Czech Republic EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE JET ENGINE AIR INLET Karel DOUBRAVA1, Milan DVOŘÁK2, Nikola SCHMIDOVÁ3, Tomáš KOSTROUN4, Jan VÁCLAVÍK5 and Milan RŮŽIČKA6 1 Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 166 07 Prague, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected] 2 Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 166 07 Prague, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected] 3 Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 166 07 Prague, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected] 4 Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 166 07 Prague, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected] 5 AERO Vodochody AEROSPACE a.s., U Letiště 374, 250 70 Odolena Voda , Czech Republic, E- mail: [email protected] 6 Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 166 07 Prague, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected] 1. Introduction 2. Air inlet Aero L-39 light jet trainer is widely used in many The complete air inlet (see Fig. 2) is composed countries around the world. One important element of three main composite parts. of the structure is the air inlet. Fatigue life of the metal air inlet is one of the factors limiting service life of entire aircraft. The new generation L-39NG jet trainer (see Fig. 1) represents deep modernization of the L-39 combining latest engine and aircraft systems technology with traditional advantages of L-39s legacy.
    [Show full text]
  • L-39 Albatros
    L-39 ALBATROS Type: L-39 Albatros Max Speed: 490 KIAS / Mach 0.80 Max Range: 864 NM G-Limits: +8.0g / -4.0g Ceiling: 36,000 ft Max Climb Rate: 4,130+ fpm Max Endurance: 3.8 hours The L-39 Albatros is a highly capable, stable, subsonic aircraft that first flew in November 1969. The aircraft is produced in the Czech Republic and it is constructed in conjunction with plans developed by Aero Vodochody and its chief designer, Jan Vlček. The L-39 is flown worldwide, principally with former Soviet allies. The aircraft continues to fly in countries as diverse as Iraq, Chechnya, Libya, Syria and Russia. The Albatros is flown primarily as a trainer or light attack aircraft similar in mission to the Italian MB339 or M-346, the British Hawk and the US Goshawk. The L-39 is designed with many distinguishing characteristics. The aircraft possesses a uniquely tall vertical tail that is swept back and is one of its dominant features. The tail, with its inset rudder, provides directional control to the aircraft. The L-39 has thick wings that provide ample lift for the airframe, and each wing has provisions to mount stores or fuel tanks that extend the range of the L-39. Operational g-force limits at 4,200 kg are +8g/-4g. Side-by-side airbrakes are located under the L-39 fuselage slightly ahead of the wing’s leading edge. The L-39 has variable-incidence horizontal stabilizers mounted on the rear of the aircraft at the base of the rudder.
    [Show full text]
  • Přehled Konkurence Letounu Aero L-159 Alca
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital library of Brno University of Technology VYSOKÉ U ČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRN Ě BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA STROJNÍHO INŽENÝRSTVÍ LETECKÝ ÚSTAV FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING PŘEHLED KONKURENCE LETOUNU AERO L-159 ALCA SURVEY OF COMPETITION AIRCRAFT OF AERO L-159 ALCA BAKALÁ ŘSKÁ PRÁCE BACHELOR´S THESIS AUTOR PRÁCE JAROSLAV BARTON ĚK AUTHOR VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE ING. IVAN DOFEK SUPERVISOR BRNO 2008 Abstrakt Bakalá řská práce se zabývá cvi čnými a lehkými víceú čelovými letouny pro pokra čovací výcvik srovnatelnými s letounem Aero L-159 ALCA. Je zde vytvo řen p řehled několika letoun ů, jejich užití, technických dat, historického vývoje a vzájemné porovnání dle letových výkon ů a dalších vlastností. Aero L-159 ALCA je nejnov ější konstrukce cvi čného letounu a víceú čelového spole čnosti Aero Vodochody a následník cvi čného letounu L-39 Albatros. Klí čová slova: cvi čný letoun, lehké víceú čelové letadlo, pokra čovací výcvik, L-159 ALCA, BAe Hawk, Jak-130, MiG-AT, PC-21, A-29, T-50 This bachelor‘s thesis deals with military training and lightweight multi-role continuation trainers which are comparable with the Aero L-159 ALCA. Here, a survey of the most important airplanes is created, of their using, technical data, historical development and mutual comparison based on their flight performances and other properties. Aero L-159 ALCA is the latest construction of training and multi-role aircraft of the company Aero Vodochody and the successor of the traning airplane L-39 Albatros.
    [Show full text]
  • Agnia Grigas1
    The Gas Relationship between the Baltic States and Russia: politics and commercial realities Agnia Grigas1 NG 67 October 2012 1 Agnia Grigas (née Baranauskaitė) has a decade of experience in business and academia working as a development and political risk consultant for corporations and governments. She is the author of The Politics of Energy and Memory between the Baltic States and Russia (Ashgate Publishing, forthcoming ) and holds a PhD in international relations from the University of Oxford. The contents of this paper are the author’s sole responsibility. They do not necessarily represent the views of the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, of any of the Institute’s members, and/or of the author’s other affiliations. Copyright © 2012 Oxford Institute for Energy Studies (Registered Charity, No. 286084) This publication may be reproduced in part for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. ISBN 978-1-907555-58-9 ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank Jonathan Stern, Chairman and Senior Research Fellow of the Natural Gas Programme at the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, for having read, commented and given me guidance on this study. I would also like to thank editor John Elkins, cartographer David Sansom, and my research assistant Sabina Karmazinaitė. iii Preface The OIES Natural Gas Programme has published detailed studies of gas relationships between Russia and all European and CIS countries, with the exception of the Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.
    [Show full text]
  • Russia-Baltic Relations After Crimea's
    CICERO FOUNDATION GREAT DEBATE PAPER No. 14/05 June 2014 RUSSIA-BALTIC RELATIONS AFTER CRIMEA’S ANNEXATION: REASONS FOR CONCERN? AGNIA GRIGAS, PhD Fellow at the McKinnon Center for Global Affairs at Occidental College Los Angeles, CA Former Advisor to the Government of Lithuania Cicero Foundation Great Debate Paper No. 14/05 © Agnia Grigas, 2014 All rights reserved The Cicero Foundation is an independent pro-Atlantic and pro-EU think tank. www.cicerofoundation.org The views expressed in Cicero Foundation Great Debate Papers do not necessarily express the opinion of the Cicero Foundation, but they are considered interesting and thought-provoking enough to be published. Permission to make digital or hard copies of any information contained in these web publications is granted for personal use, without fee and without formal request. Full citation and copyright notice must appear on the first page. Copies may not be made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage. The Cicero Foundation FRANCE THE NETHERLANDS 13, rue Washington Hondertmarck D 45 75008 PARIS 6211 MB MAASTRICHT Tel. +33 1 45 62 05 90 Tel. +31 43 32 60 602 Fax +33 1 45 62 05 30 Fax +31 43 32 60 828 Email [email protected] [email protected] 2 Russia-Baltic Relations After Crimea’s Annexation: Reasons for Concern? Agnia Grigas, PhD When the Baltic states gained NATO and EU membership ten years ago, the dual accession was believed to have resolved the security dilemma of the Baltic states vis-a-vis their regional hegemon Russia. In fact, before Russia’s annexation of Crimea in March 2014, a territorial assault on the Baltic states seemed implausible even while Moscow’s efforts to maintain influence in the Baltic region left no doubt.
    [Show full text]
  • The New Politics of Natural Gas' [X-Posted from H-Diplo]
    H-Environment Labelle on Grigas, 'The New Politics of Natural Gas' [x-posted from H-Diplo] Discussion published by gregory dehler on Friday, February 2, 2018 Cross-posted from H-Diplo Review published on Saturday, January 27, 2018 Author: Agnia Grigas Reviewer: Michael Labelle Labelle on Grigas, 'The New Geopolitics of Natural Gas' Agnia Grigas. The New Geopolitics of Natural Gas. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2017. 416 pp. $35.00 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-674-97183-7. Reviewed by Michael Labelle (Central European University) Published on H-Diplo (January, 2018) Commissioned by Seth Offenbach Printable Version: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=50579 The New Geopolitics of Our Times Energy resources and geopolitics are intertwined in our modern economies. The New Geopolitics of Gas by Agnia Grigas exposes the shift from continental geopolitics to the emerging global market in natural gas. Grigas provides a thorough accounting of the politics, economics, and events marking the rise of gas as a key element in a low-carbon energy system. The book provides detailed discussions on issues like the shale gas revolution in North America and geopolitics in central eastern Europe. It also addresses lesser known stories behind developments like the rising imports to China, Russia’s take-over of Crimea, and the export and trading hub of Qatar. The New Geopolitics of Gas is a valuable account of the new geopolitical order in gas, serving as a foundation to understand daily events and provoking thoughts for further research. The timeliness of the book, as populist political tendencies rise, serves as a reminder of the benefits of international trade in a commodity.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report
    annual report ANNUAL REPORT 2009 AERO VODOCHODY A.S. contents 06 14 20 28 04 FOREWORD OF THE PRESIDENT 22REPORT ON BUSINESS ACTIVITIES General Financial Situation 08 COMPANY PROFILE Revenues Corporate Profile Profit Aerostructures Division Property Structure Defence & MRO Division Financing Resources Portfolio of Companies Human Resources Strategic Objective Environment 36 46 70 10 HISTORY 30 OPINION OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD Early Days Expansion 32 AUDITOR’S REPORT ON ANNUAL REPORT War Production Prelude to the Future 34 AUDITOR’S REPORT Jet Era ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Indigenous Jet Trainers Civil Program 38 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 12 AERO IN DATA 48 NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 16 KEY EVENTS OF 2009 68 REPORT ON RELATED PARTIES 18 COMPANY BODIES AND MANAGEMENT Organization Chart ANNUAL REPORT 2009 AERO VODOCHODY A.S. foreword of the president 04 05 of the company In 2009, Aero faced adverse situations affected also the employees by reducing their number by 10 %. Thanks in the aerospace market. Virtually all areas to successful start-up of activities in the field of "lean management" of civil aviation program have been affected it was possible to maintain profitability at a decent level and also by significant reductions in demand, but Aero to lay the foundation of long-term maintenance of competitiveness. has succeeded to respond to this negative swing accordingly. Relatively significant cost In 2009, Aero also started its way of "risk-sharing" programs by entering reductions were done, which unfortunately into a contract in June and starting with the project for development and subsequent production of the CSeries aircraft leading edge for the Canadian company Bombardier.
    [Show full text]
  • Putin's Chosen People: Theories of Russian Jewish Policy, 2000-2017
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Honors Theses (PPE) Philosophy, Politics and Economics 12-19-2017 Putin's Chosen People: Theories of Russian Jewish Policy, 2000-2017 Benjamin Parker University of Pennsylvania Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/ppe_honors Part of the Eastern European Studies Commons, European Languages and Societies Commons, Other Political Science Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, Race and Ethnicity Commons, Regional Sociology Commons, and the Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies Commons Parker, Benjamin, "Putin's Chosen People: Theories of Russian Jewish Policy, 2000-2017" (2017). Honors Theses (PPE). Paper 29. This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/ppe_honors/29 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Putin's Chosen People: Theories of Russian Jewish Policy, 2000-2017 Abstract Despite support from and for right-wing elements and a deep-seeded national history of anti-Semitism, the policies of the Russian government under Vladimir Putin have been markedly devoid of anti-Semitism. Appeals to nationalist, imperialist, and Eurasianist ideologies, pragmatic politics, and foreign policy concerns fail to explain these policies adequately. The biography of Putin himself, which includes influential, positive relationships with Jews, provides a better explanation. The personalized influence of the president on Jewish policy suggests a personalized, hyper-centralized regime generally. Keywords anti-Semitism, Jews, Russia, Putin,
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Policy Dynamics in the European Parliament and in the Lithuanian Seimas
    Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2021 Energy Policy Dynamics in the European Parliament and in the Lithuanian Seimas Vaida Lilionyte Manthos West Virginia University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Part of the Other Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Manthos, Vaida Lilionyte, "Energy Policy Dynamics in the European Parliament and in the Lithuanian Seimas" (2021). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 8290. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/8290 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Energy Policy Dynamics in the European Parliament and in the Lithuanian Seimas Vaida Lilionyte Manthos Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Science at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science John Kilwein, Ph.D., Chair Shauna Fisher, Ph.D. Erik S. Herron, Ph.D. Daniel Renfrew, Ph.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Air” Comes from the Private Sector
    Photo by Robert Destatio Enemies for Hire By Walter J. Boyne Sometimes, the best “Red Air” comes from the private sector. ighter pilots have been practicing formance and tactics that were studied by air combat maneuvering—dogfi ght- the respective air forces and industries ing—since 1914. Most air forces on both sides. Contemporary magazines, have some kind of formal dogfi ght- such as Britain’s Flight Magazine, printed ing instruction, and most fi ghter numerous insightful analyses of enemy Fpilots do it on their own—frequently against aircraft, including three-view drawings regulations and often with casualties. It was and detailed sketches of technical in- not until the Vietnam War, however, that novations. systematic air combat maneuver (ACM) Both sides repaired and fl ew captured training was introduced using aircraft with enemy aircraft, often to practice friendly dissimilar performance air combat. A few pilots, such as German Formal schooling was established for ace Rudolf F. O. Windisch, who earned 22 dissimilar air combat tactics after Vietnam, victories, went further. For his sixth kill, but it wasn’t until the early 1990s that Windisch shot down a French SPAD S. private fi rms were attracted to provide VII, fl own by Portuguese Captain Oscar DACT as a commercial service. Monteiro Torres. Windisch had the SPAD Increasingly, these fi rms provide many repaired and painted it red, replacing Al- types of DACT at far lower cost than the lied markings with German insignia. Then military services can achieve on their own. he fl ew it in combat, reportedly liking it Most of the activities don’t involve “Red better than his own government-issue on Blue” dogfi ghts, although these receive Albatros D.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Modernization of the Czech Air Force
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2001-06 Modernization of the Czech Air Force. Vlcek, Vaclav. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10888 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS MODERNIZATION OF THE CZECH AIR FORCE by Vaclav Vlcek June 2001 Thesis Advisor: Raymond Franck Associate Advisor: Gregory Hildebrandt Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 20010807 033 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMBNo. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED June 2001 Master's Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE : MODERNIZATION OF THE CZECH AIR FORCE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Vaclav VIcek 8. PERFORMING 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) ORGANIZATION REPORT Naval Postgraduate School NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING / MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S.
    [Show full text]