Energy Security in Transition

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW

C THE OPING WITHOPING C ZECH E In fulfillment partial of therequirements for degreethe of NERGY Doctor Doctor Philosophyof Politicalin Science R Supervisor: Professor Greskovits Béla EPUBLIC E

A Doctoral Dissertation submitted to Department Political of Science S NERGY Central European University ECURITY IN Budapest, Hungary Andrej Nosko , 2013

I S By MPORT

LOVAKIA AND

RANSITION D

EPENDENCE

H UNGARY :

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW another by published exceptperson,theformbibliographicalacknowledgmentappropriatemade whereof isin reference. and/or written previously materials no contains thesis This institutions. an for accepted been have thesis this of parts no that declare hereby I D ECLARATION ii

y other degrees in any other any in degrees other y Andrej NoskoAndrej

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW one theonly not within security, energy analyzing for model conceptual broader for foundations the lay also I project this Through governments. by pursued being are that aspects is important, albeit security, Energy transition. during prioritization policy security of understanding to contributing by and politics, domestic back bringing by debate policy energy c theoretical broader The i.e. that de are interests industrial threat of effects the dampen can thus and threat, rul of supporters among concentrated and high is supply, energy the to connected be plausibly can which threat, of perception popular When interact: and coincide aspects three when prioritized are security European East and Central the in observe I As factors.externalfundamentalsand i factor the understand to order In domesticspatialandof variation comparableresponses to conditions. international temporal on field research broader the to contributes dissertation this questions, these answering th explains what and time, over vary dependence import energy of position structural with coping of responses domestic their prioritize do Why conditions differently. security energy international comparable under countries why study I dissertation this In A hbtn conditions nhibiting BSTRACT

privatization, was an obstacleprivatization,policieswasantoincreasing aimingprioritizing energy to security.

specific timing of timing specific ing parties; when former elites who can draw on personal links with the perceived source of of source perceived the with links personal on draw can who elites former when parties; ing

of theenergyof pri policy

change of ownership lowering the control of control the lowering ownership of change in countries in transition, through case selection, I isolate effects of of effects isolate I selection, case through transition, in countries in - concentrated and face obstacles in promoti in obstacles face and concentrated ontribution of this dissertation consists of argument for reframing the the reframing for argument of consists dissertation this of ontribution s of prioritizing security in energy policy, and their facilitating and facilitating their and policy, energy in security prioritizing of s

orities. iii countries in transition, policies enhancing energy enhancing policies transition, in countries ,

are removed from power; and when incumbent incumbent when and power; from removed are e type of variation and its timing? By timing? its and variation of type e more inclusive inclusive more

government over energy assets energy over government ng their interests. I also argue argue also I interests. their ng

context, as one as context,

only one of the the of one only

, but , CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW dedicateIdissertationto thisthememorymy of for Ľubo, resea my in hidden was patiently I whenever household the managing spec most The data.price tha I whom with me especiallyconnected and library, CEU the at staff the to thankful am I theelitesto Slovakia Jurigová sources news primary in help his for him thank I and ears, and eyes Hungarian and to grateful am I databases. meticulous her for enough her assistants m of help the from benefited tremendously have I data of amount vast the collecting In explanatorymyof inspired model.part arguments Thim, Michal Jaroš, Jakub to thankful am I different. very look would dissertation this help their provided stages to studies early my theirguidancein to security. I rewarding first my of understanding his for Almeida, de workl the balanced to thankful am I perhapshaveofthetoughestbeenofearlymostcriticschapters. mydrafts of 2006 Eur Central panels of supervisory the with together support generous the scholarship from benefited have I theadvanced in research.mystagesof and energy needed much very provided am guidance and comments whose I but rolling, already endeavor. research this finish to me and Jenne Erin to grateful enabling in priceless was understanding and stimulus thank to like would I A am indebted to indebted am

CKNOWLEDGEMENTS Anita Orbán, Anita scanning scanning . I would like to thank fell thank to like would I .

I would like to thank Július Horváth, Stefano Guzzini and Svante E. Cornell, it was thanks was it Cornell, E. Svante and Guzzini Stefano Horváth, Július thank to like would I ad xeine f oiyaig rcse o te uoen Union European the of processes policymaking of experience hand . My sister My . for me to finish up t up finish to me for who helped with with helped who and . allandtheirhelp .

I am thankful to Sanja Pesek, for the for Pesek, Sanja to thankful am I nk for providing me with with me providing for nk past at the Department of Political Science Political of Department the at

hundreds of of hundreds Eszter ial thanks are due to my family: my to due are thanks ial Jiří Schneider, Schneider, Jiří communistregime. Buldioski Goran my dear friend and mentor and friend dear my oad at the Fund the at oad

Péter Hegedűs Péter - Vlast Petronella Soós Soós Petronella , Béla Greskovits, Béla

based on my often erratic a erratic often my on based a Nosková, Jr. Nosková, a archival articlesin archival Andre emotionalsupport. through Mirka Holubíková Holubíková Mirka searching and

ow members of of members ow he writing so that I can read can I that so writing he Karel Hirman, Karel cross ei Rosner Kevin as Goldthau, Goldthau, as

, at the Think Tank Fund Tank Think the at

at TÁ at

and that I that

comments, recommendations and information without which which without information and recommendations comments, , whose help whose -

my urge to finish this research; this finish to urge my

their assistance in accessing threat perception survey perception threat accessing in assistance their checking offered fresh feedback on many versions of my drafts my of versions many on feedback fresh offered

mentor supervisor, my n collecting and the was my first and first my was RKI and RKI

have set on path of studying energy security.energy studying ofpath on sethave PhD research at the University. I thank Joaquim Nunes Nunes Joaquim thank I University. the at research PhD the , Urban Rusnák, Urban who joined my supervisory panel supervisory my joined who

the

, for being my extended presence in Czech in presence extended my being for Vica, my wife my Vica, l of late ate Olda Černý, Olda ate Czech National Library National Czech with whom I was able to test some of my early early my of some test to able was I whom with iv was instrumental to instrumental was extensive

nd incomplete nd Political Economy Research Group (PERG) who who (PERG) Group Research Economy Political

Károly data on data , and the Annual Doctoral Conferences Doctoral Annual the and , father digital searching and cross and searching the most diligent most the , Schmidt at E.ON Földgáz Trade Földgáz E.ON at Schmidt

disc , Ján Nosko, aJánNosko, Czech and Slovak Slovak and Czech

for his support and understanding as I I as understanding and support his for

, es ore i Ceh Republic Czech in sources news with with ,

Petr Lang Petr

and and friend whose support, intellectual intellectual support, whose friend and Ivett Moln Ivett has been tremendously supportive in supportive tremendously been has ussions on transitional on ussions inklings rch cell, my daughter Ica Ica daughter my cell, rch who who Václav Bartuška, Václav her opean University, the doctoral doctoral the University, opean

research his friendship and guidance in in guidance and friendship his . I thank my mom, sister and and sister mom, my thank I . o efsiae y energy by fascinated me got , Petr Binhack, Petr , . . I appreciate help of help appreciate I . tragic victim of transition.tragicofvictim Gergely Nagy Gergely á r

assistant, I cannot thank thank cannot I assistant, who took initiative and initiative took who - checking of Hungarian Hungarian of checking

ing ing m ,

when the train was was train the when inisters in inisters links of Hungarian Hungarian of links

hav who at different different at who justice, which justice,

been e I am gratefulam I has been my my been has Peter Ševce, Peter y research y , Republic Republic

multiple multiple . impetus both of of both and gas and

These, waited Beáta Beáta since

truly truly and

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Hun 6. Chapter Slovak Republic5. Chapter Republic4. CzechChapter Republics and3. CzechSlovak Chapter 2. ExplanatoryChapterCompared Variables StateofTheoreticaltheofReview1.ArtChapter Contributionand Introduction Abbreviations Tables,ofFiguresList Charts and ofContents Table Acknowledgements Abstract Declaration T ABLE OF 5.4. Dzurinda’sGovernments Two5.4. Sell of Mečiar’s 5.3. EasternNationalism(1993 and TimingofSequencing5.2. Privatization ChoiceofJustice5.1. Transitional Policies Summary4.5. 1998Republic Czech4.4. EnergyKlaus’s4.3. SecurityTwoduring Governments 1993 and TimingofSequencing4.2. Privatization ChoiceofJustice4.1. Transitional Policies Summary3.3. PrioritizationoftheEnergy Security 3.2. inFederal Policies Slovaksand Czech3.1. StartApart Drifting PrioritizationofSecurity 2.4. in EnergyPolicy Compared Energy Concentration2.3. of RulingRelations Elites’2.2. withRussia Inf 2.1. Research1.7. inDetailModel Puzzle 1.6. Case1.5. Selection RivalExplanations1.4. Policy UnderstandingtheVariationPriorities1.3. in Definition of1.2. EnergySecurity Theoreticaland Discussion Research1.1. Puzzle andQuestion Structureof ResearchQuestion Puzzle 5.5. Summary5.5.

......

...... luenceThreatPerceptionofSecurity Prioritization oninEnergyPolicy ......

C ......

...... ONTENTS ...... gary

the dissertation and overviewthedissertationandofchapters

......

...... - 2006: Socialists’2006: Rule ...... - ......

...... Intensive Export Intensive ......

......

...... - 1998) ...... -

...... outs 1998 outs ...... v ......

......

...... - ...... withOpposition Agreement Industry Oriented ...... - ...... 2006

......

...... - ...... 1998 ......

......

171 163 155 153 150 141 132 118 116 113 109 105 101 175 145

101 111 . v .. 85 79 66 57 57 52 50 49 43 27 18 15 15 iii

iv ii ii

x 8 6 2 v 1

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Bibliography HungaryAppendix: Slovak Republic Appendix: RepublicCzechAppendix: aspectsComparativeAppendix: Conclusion Supplier MarketSupplierDiversification IndustryStructureof Eli Ruling Threatperception Fundamentals Suppli IndustryStructureof ElitesLinksRulingwiththe PreviousRegime Threatperception Fundamentals MarketSupplierDiversification IndustryStructureof ElitesLinksRulingwiththe PreviousRegime Threat Fundamentals EnergyPrices EnergyMix MarketSupplierDiversification TransitInfrastructure EnergySecurityIndices IndustryStructureof IndustrialInterests ElitesLinksRulingwiththe PreviousRegime ThreatPerception Fundamentals SuggestionsFutureforResearch ApplicabilitytheExplanatoryModelof MethodologicalInnovation andTheoretical Summary6.7. theSellout, Resumingthe6.6. and Russian(2002 Friendship OrbánStrengthening 6.5. the“Hungar Horn: Receipts6.4. CashoverSecurity (1994 BearingTheir6.3. BestwithCreditors Theirat Back(1990 and TimingofSequencing6.2. Privatization ChoiceofJustice6.1. Transitional Policies

erMarketDiversification ...... perception

...... tesLinkswiththe PreviousRegime

......

...... ConceptualContribution

......

...... Diversification

......

...... ian Power” (1998 Power”ian

......

...... vi

...... - ......

...... 1998) ......

...... - 2002) ...... - ...... 1994) ...... - ...... 2006)

......

304 302 297 295 293 292 292 291 287 284 282 281 280 275 272 269 268 268 259 256 252 251 247 246 243 239 232 228 227 225 221 220 219 211 206 201 192 184 181 179 281 216

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Asymmetry42:Chartenergy of imports Asymmetry41:Chartenergy of imports Supply/Demand40:securityChart index Energy39:PolicyChart Index IndexofREES38:Chart Energy(in)security CombinedIndexof37: REESChartEnergy(in)security Measure36:Charttheefficiencyincrease metallurgic of in of exportsectors exportsSharemetallurgic35:productionCharton of Energy34:intensityChartof selected i Employment33:Chartin energyintensiveindustries workersstrikesNumber32:ofChart lockoutsin and involved strikesNumber31:ofChartlockouts and Highest30:levelChartvisits representationtoState29:levelChartofvisitsaccording bilateralNumber28:ofChart treaties numberofTotaltreaties27: RussiaChart with numberofTotalvisitswith26: Chart Russia Ministers25:thepastChartsecretsurveyedbycommunist service theMinisters24:Chartservicerecordedin communist secretdat countriesAffinitygeneral23:towardsChart in Russia2001Affinity22:towardsChart in Russia1991Affinity21:towardsChart in perceptionsDevelopmentspopular20:Chart threat in of Meas19:Chart externalNumber18:ofChart threats identified ofthose%17: thatChart ofthose%16: thatChart 15 Chart Sharethose14:Chartperceivingofnamedas threat 1996 countries in Typesthreat13:ChartofHungary Republic,Slovakia perceivedin Czechand Threat12:inCEEChartperception Threat11:in Chartperception 1991Popular10:perceptionsChartof Russia in Respondents9:Chart asthreatseeing Russiaeithernegativeinfluenceor GDPAnnualGrowth8:Chart Unemployment7:HungaryChartdataRepublic,Czech for Slovakia and Inwardflows6:FDIChart InwardFDIflows5:ChartRussianfromFederation FDIComparison4:ofChart inflows externaldebtComparison3:ofChart governmentsofTimeline2:Chartchanges in SketchFigurethe1: of SummarySimplifiedDependent3:Table of Variables SummarySimplifiedIndependent2:Table of Variables oilgasandconsumption onShareimportedinland1:Table of L IST OF :Sharethoseperceivingofnamedas threat2004 countries in T ABLES ure of fear in generalfearin of ure ,

ResearchModel F IGURES do not do not

......

...... CEE (NEBCEE1992)II

seethreatmajorpowersas perceiveexternalthreat

......

– AND ......

......

ndustrial sectors in SlovakRepublic sectorsin ndustrial non

......

...... - countrythreats1992)II (NEB C

......

...... HARTS

......

...... vii ......

......

...... abases ......

......

251 250 249 248 248 247 247 246 246 245 244 243 242 242 241 241 240 240 239 239 238 238 237 237 236 236 235 235 23 234 233 233 232 232 231 231 230 229 228 228 227

53 56 56 48 4

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW GDPChangesand90:inEnergyinSlovakiaChartConsumption Cont 89:Chart Figure88: Refineryrestructuring inIndustryDistributionof87:EnergyChart FinalConsumption sectors by Energy86:intensityChartof selected Republicsectorsin Czechindustrial Shareindustrial85:Chartexportsof by ofShareexportsenergy84:Chartof sectorsintensivemanufacturing Shareselected83:Chartofindustrial sectors totalindustrial energy consumptionon Intensity82:officialChartof relations RepublicbetweenCzechRussiaand interestpeopleCollaborators81:oftheChart and government in Czech ministerstheCzechrecorded80:Chart informer secretservicecommunist databases Czech’s79:percepChart Threat78:inCzechChartperceptionby Republic political affiliation Threat77:PartyChartPerceptionand 1991 Preferencesin Employment76:Chartin energyintensiveindustries GDPChangesand75:inEnergyCzechChartConsumption Republic Energy74:intensityChartof selected industrial Natural73:ChartGas ResidentialPrices (pre Natural72:ChartGas ResidentialPrices (pre Natural71:ChartGas WholesalePrices Natural70:ChartGas(pre WholesalePrices Taxesother69:andfeesCharttotalga on Comparisonof68:Chart calculated gasprices 2001 Comparisonof67:Chart calculated gasprices 1998 Comparisonof66:Chart calculated gasprices 1993 Comparisonof65:importedChart calculatedgas(Stackedof chart) price Comparisonof64:im Chart calculatedof price Calculated63:Chart prices 1990 gasimport pricesCalculated62:gasimportChart 1994 average Crossborder61:Chartgasprices importHungaryComparisonRepublic,ofgasprices60:in CzechChart Valueof59:Chart gasimports GDP asshareof Reported58:pricesChartgasimport consumptiononShareimportedoilinland57:gasandChart of consumptionShareimported56:on inlandoilChartof onShareoilinland55:Chartconsumptionof Shareimpor 54:Chartof inlandSharenatural53:consumptionChartofgason Comparisonof52:energyChart gasmarketconcentration factor on security Scalemarket51:oilsensitivityChart ofto concentration Market50:Chartoil imports for concentration Scale49:gasmarketsensitivityChart ofto conce Market48:Chartgasimportsfor concentration marketoilgasandConcentration47: comparedChartof partnersNumber46:gasimportsofChartfor partnersNumberimp 45:oilofChartfor physicalpipelinesNumberimport44:oilofChart physicalpipelinesNumber43:gasimportofChart ractedvolumesactualgasvs. importsof ted natural gas on inland consumptioninlandtednatural gason tion ofRussiaUnion)(Sovietasthreat tion

......

intensitysectors data,methodology...... orts s prices - - 2004 - - tax)

......

tax) tax) ......

......

...... portedgas

...... sectors

......

...... ntration viii

......

...... - - - ...... -

2004 2001 1997 2005

......

...... and Slovakia.and

......

281 280 279 279 278 277 276 275 274 273 272 271 270 269 268 268 267 266 266 265 265 264 264 263 263 263 262 261 261 260 260 259 259 258 258 257 257 256 256 255 255 254 254 253 253 252 252 251

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW [Diversification]Figure118:theHungarianWay Contracted117:actualChart gasvs. volumes importsof(Hungary) FinalinIndustryDistributionof116: Energy ChartConsumption sectors (Hungary)by ShareindustrialHungary115:exportsChartofintensity bysectors in Energy114:intensChart Shareexportsenergy113:Chartof sectorsintensivemanufacturing Shareenergy112:intensiveChartexportsof sectorson Energy111:Chart Intensityofficial110:Chartof relations betweenRussia and Ministers109:Chartwith theprevious tiesregime allegedto ThreatinHungary108:Chartperceptionpoliticalbyaffiliation Perception107:asChartthreat of negative RussiaUnion) (SovietHungary or influence in Changes106:inEnergyHungaryChartGDP and Consumption Employment105:Chartinenergy intensive Contracted104:actualChart gasvs. volumes importsof(Slovakia) Energyselected103:intensityChartof sectorsSlovak Republicindustrial in Shareindustrial102:exportsChartofintensity bysectors data, methodology. (Slovakia) FinalinIndustryDistributionof101: Energy ChartConsumption sectors (Slovakia)by Shareexportsenergy100:Chartof intensivemanufacturin 99 Chart Energy98:Chart ComparisonofRepublic97:Chart variablesSlovak for Intensity96:officialChartof relations betweenSlovakRussiaand Republic Persons95:Chartwithties to ministerstherecordedSlovak94:Chart informer secretservicecommunist databases Perception93:RussiaChartasthreat of negative Union) (SovietinSlovak orRepublic influence Threatby92:inSlovakiaChartperception political affiliation Employmentas91:manufacturingcomparedChartin energyintensiveindustries to industries :Shareenergyof intensivesectorsexports Data)(UN COMTRADE on - intensity ofdifferentindustrial sectorsintensity - intensity of differentof sectorsintensity industrial ity of selectedof sectorsHungary ity industrial in

FormerSecretintheSlovakGovernment Service

industries ...... ix

......

...... Hungary g sectors g

......

303 302 301 300 299 299 298 297 296 295 294 293 292 292 291 290 290 289 288 288 287 286 286 285 284 283 282 281

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW G8 FKgP FIDESZ FDI EUR ÉMÁSZ ELMŰ EE ÉDÁSZ EC/EU EBRD DÉMÁSZ DÉDÁSZ CZK CZ ČSSD ČSS ČSL CSFR ČPP COMECON ČEZ CEPS ČEPRO CEO CEE CC BVK BIS BG BEB BDSZSZ BC AWP ÁPV AG ÁFOR ÁÉB A BBREVIATIONS

European ReconstructionforEuropeanDevelopment andBank DélalföldiÁramszolgáltató Dél koruna Czech Czech Českástranademokratickásociálně SocialistCzechoslovakParty People’sCzechoslovak Party FederalCzechoslovakRepublic Českýplynárenskýpodnik Mutualfor Council ČeskéČEZ EnergetickéZávody CentralPipelineEuropeSystem Českéropovodyproduktovodya ExecutiveChiefOfficer CentralEasternEurope and CapabilityCrisis Service) VegyiKombinátBorsodi Information (Security IntelligenceAgency služba informační Bezpečnostní Bulgaria Germangascompany HungarianFederationof MineWorkersUnions BorsodChem Adria CompanyHolding Rt. Vagyonkezelő és Privatizációs Állami Aktiengesellschaft(Stokholder’scompany) Hungarianoil ÁltalánosBankÉrtékforgalmi Group of sevenof largestGroup CivicPartyandAgrarianWorkers Kisgazda Független Hungariancenter Foreigninvestmentdirect Euro company Észak BudapestiMűvekElektromos Estonia Észak -

dunántúli Áramszolgáltató dunántúli

- - – ayrrzg Áasoglaó Áramszolgáltató magyarországi Áramszolgáltatódunántúli Republic

ViennaPipeline

Community / EuropeanCommunityUnion

– productwholesale distribution

Hungarianchemicalcompany

- right party right

- EconomicAssistance

, Földmunkás ,

industrialized countriesindustrializedRussia.and

–

– Hungarianchemicalcompany

Czechgascompany

Hungarianregionalelectricity company

– x

–

Hungarian regional electricityHungarianregional company – Hungarian regional electricityHungarianregional company –

–

electricityCzech company Czech oil pipelineoilCzech operator

és Polgári Párt Polgári és – Hungarianregionalelectricity company

CzechSocialDemocraticParty

– –

Hungarian Privatization and State State and Privatization Hungarian

Hungarian Hungarian

–

Independent Smallholders, Independent

einl electricity regional

–

Czech

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW NATO NAFTA MVM MSZP /NAHTU MSzOSz MSZMP MOL MFK MFB MFA MERO MENA MEC MDF MCHZ LV LUKOIL LTO LT LNG KÖGÁZ KSČ KISZ KDU KDS KDNP KDH IOC INA IKL IEA HZDS HUF HU HPP HHI HAG GIC GDP GDF

Ministry of ForeignAffairsMinistryof Ropovody Mezinárodní AfricaNorthEastMiddleand Europeannetworkintelligence Magyar Fórum Demokrata Moravskéchemickézávody Latvia companyRussianoil HeatingOil Light Lithuania Liquefiednaturalgas Közép KomunistickástranaČeskoslovenska Szövetség League Ifjúsági Kommunista Magyar Democraticand Union unie demokratická a Křesťanská Kresťanskodemokratickástrana KereszténydemokrataNéppárt Kresťanskodemokratickéhnutie InternationalOil Company(ies) companyCroatianoil Ingolstadt InternationalEnergyAgency demokratickéza HnutieSlovensko HungarianForint Hungary HydroelectricPowerPlant Herfindahl HungaryGasconnectorAustria GrossInlandConsumption Grossdomesticproduct FrancedeGaz North AtlanticNorthTreaty Organization upstreamcompanySlovakoil MagyarMűvekVillamos Magyar SzocialistaPárt Party) FederationUnionTradeHungarianNational TradeHungarianUnions Workers' Országos Szakszervezetek Socialist Magyar (Hungarian PartyHungary MunkáspártCommunist in Szocialista Magyar companyHungarianoil FinantsovayaMezhdunarodnayaKompanya MagyarFejlesztésiBank

- dunántúli

– –

Hirschman IndexHirschman Kralupynad Vltavou –

Frenchenergy company

Gázszolgáltató

–

– – – –

Czechoslovak People'sCzechoslovak Party

HungarianPartySocialist

Operator of the Czech part of the Druzhba pipelinetheDruzhbaparttheCzechofOperator of

HungarianDevelopmentBan HungarianElectricalWorks –

–

Hungarian

chemicalCzechcompany xi

– –

ChristianDemocraticPeople's Party –

ChristianDemocraticParty – ChristianDemocraticMovement Hungarianregionalgascompany –

Litvínovpipelineoil

Szövetsége Československá MovementDemocraticaSlovakiafor –

CommunistCzechoslovakia Partyof DemocraticForum

– –

InternationalFinanceCompany ugra Yug Communist Young Hungarian –

ainl ofdrto of Confederation National

taa lidová strana

–

Christian Christian

–

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW USD orUSA US UN UK TVK TÜZÉP TOE TITÁSZ TARKI TAL TAKPE SZDSZ SPP SNS SMER( SKK SK SITC SI SE SDĽ SDK S/D RWE RO RES REES PPC PL PKN PEW PES OVG OPAL OMV OECD ODS ODA NPP NGO NGKM NEB

SD)

Társaság a KeletiaEgyesületPiacokértTársaság SzabadDemokratákSzövetsége Slovenskýpodnik plynárenský Slovenská Center koruna Slovak Slovakia InternationalTradeStandard Classification Slovenia SlovenskéElektrárne demokratickejStrana Slovenskádemokratickákoalícia Supply/DemandIndex Germanenergycompany Romania RenewableEnergySources External(Index)RiskyEnergySupply Paroplynovýcyklus Poland KoncernPolskiNaftowy ResearchPewCenter Primaryenergysources stateAustria’scompanyoil Ostsee ÖsterreichischeMineralölverwaltung EconomicOrganisationCo for Občanskádemokratickástrana Občanskádemokratickáaliance Nuclearplantpower Nongovernmentalorganization MinisztériumaEconomicRelations Kapcsolatok Gazdasági Nemzetközi BarometerEuropeNew United StatesUnitedDollar AmericaStatesUnitedof NationsUnited Kingdom United VegyiKombinát Tiszai FuelsCompanyforandTrading ofGJ equivalentoilTons (approximately41.868 ÁramszolgáltatóRt. Tiszántúli (SocialResearchTársadalomkutatásiIntézet Institute) TransalpinePipeline - -

left politicalpartyinSlovakia left Pipeline

Národná Strana Strana Národná

- Anbindungsleitung Anbindungsleitung

–

ľavice – – Slovakcombine

oil pipe

– SlovakElectricity Works a public opinion polling and researchandapollingopinion outlet public

Hungariancompanychemical –

– Polish oilPolish company –

SlovakNationalParty

PartytheDemocraticof Left

line xii – – - –

operationDevelopmentand

–

Slovakgascompany ConstructionMaterials – Hungarianelectricityregional company

Civic DemocraticCivic Party

Civic DemocraticAllianceCivic

AllianceFreeof Democrats SlovakDemocraticCoalition –

–

d – gas

Austrianoil company energyheatandcompany a lobbyagroup

pipeline in Germanypipelinein

or11.63MWh)

–

iity f Foreign of Ministry

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW ZSNP VSŽ VPN ÚV USSR

ZávodySlovenskéhopovstanianárodného Východoslovenskéželeziarne násiliuVerejnosťproti PartyCommunist Central ofSocialistSoviet Union Republics –

Public Against ViolenceAgainstPublic Committee (in CSFR) Committee(in – xiii

EastIronworkSlovakian

–

Slovakcompany aluminum

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 a day. EUR million 100 or EUR, billion one estimated an lost crisis this during Slovakia production. industrial their limit seriously to forced was countries EU of number situation, unmatched this of result a As completelyshut been has EU to Russia from pipe gas import important most samethe 2009, January the in later, percent. 50 to percent 20 Cze from anywhere of Serbia the and Hungary Austria, Slovakia, Poland, Italy, Germany, France, in reductions supply in resulted This gas main the on pressure security,’ ‘energy 1 the On alone.commandedmarketlogicby before have EU of number 2009 and 2006 co both of winters the In life. everyday for security energy of importance the of countries EU many of politicians and citizens reminded incidents recent Two I

Alexander Duleba, “Poučenia z plynovej krízy v januári 2009: Analýza príčin vzniku, pravdepodobnosti pravdepodobnosti vzniku, príčin Analýza 2009: januári v krízy z plynovej “Poučenia Duleba, Alexander “TheRusso Yafimava, K. and Stern, J. Pirani, S. Options," Energy Its Exploring "EU: Stratfor, was shut Mažeikių refinery Lithuanian pipelinesupplying Oil 2007. in January Belarus to Russia supplyfrom cuts Oil gas and Bothelectricity but also part as prices gas and tariffs transit row over ofa result a was to Ukraine ofgassupplies cut 2006 January Karel Beckman, “Interview: Maria van der Hoeven, new chief of the IE: We must find mechanisms to strengthen to strengthen mechanisms find must ofthe WeIE: Hoeven, newchief der van Maria “Interview: Beckman, Karel Bratislava zemného dodávok oblasti v SR bezpečnosti energetickej zvýšenie na opatrení návrhy a opakovania downstream. countries other all affected but Russia, and betweenUkraine assessment,” company. not Russian was soldto and Polish refinery toRussia. infrastructure its energy over hand to refusal oftheUkrainian http://www.europeanenergyreview.eu/site/pagina.php?id=3581#artikel 15, 2012, March economies”, emerging the with cooperation NTRODUCTION untries experienced what Ukraine, what experienced untries “ It's always about energy security. Always. It's always about whether the energy security of their country is fully met.” is fully ofcountry their energysecurity the whether about always It's security. Always. aboutenergy always It's

st (2009),http://www.sfpa.sk/dokumenty/publikacie/281.

of January 2006, as Russia took over the chairmanship of the G8 with the theme of of theme the with G8 the of chairmanship the over took Russia as 2006, January of :

Oxford Institute for EnergyStudies for Institute Oxford E nergy supplies from Russia are subject to unpredictable disruptions, and are not not are and disruptions, unpredictable to subject are Russia from supplies nergy - down 8

Therecession gascutrelated

were stopped to Georgia into2006. Georgia stopped were

aunprecedented moveinpeace

–

Maria Maria

van 2

(2009). Georgia,

der Hoeven, Executive Director of the International Energy Agency Energy oftheInternational Director Hoeven, Executive der Strategic Forecasting Inc. Forecasting Strategic - Ukrainian gas dispute of January 2009: a comprehensive comprehensive a 2009: ofJanuary dispute gas Ukrainian - exporting pipeline to Europe from Russia decreased. Russia from Europe to pipeline exporting

The shut The

3 1

Belarus,

in Slovakia was believed to have causedto have Slovakia 1 wasbelieved in - - the reasonsafter oftechnical onpretext a down down took place during a price a during place downtook - ti

4 me Europe. me

and Lithuania and (January 03, 2006 1 03, 2006 (January

_3581 (accessed June 7, 2013). (accessed _3581

as individual countries countries individual as 8 15 GMT). 15 8 - cum - 6 political plynu,” plynu,” h Republic, ch

Three years years Three

row row - 1.5% 1.5% 1

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 10 9 intheircountries.ownonly not power, and influence their increase further to opportunity new the use to chose them of many als but political only not influence, their preserving of ways for dignitaries looked countries former vassal former the its in counterparts crumbled, empire soviet former the As region. whole the power of positions in formerly officials both when time the At transition. power of context the in made otherwise explanation the for search In securityam relat its the by hardest the hit been have Russia, of allies cut energy countriesamong intheirabilityc European to differences large the political revealing to addition betweenin security, energy and welfare interconnection economic sovereignty, the highlighted have cuts energy recent most two These Puzzle reservedthemostfor pressed growth; GDP in decrease

Monika Poláková, “PLYN: Počiatek:Plynová kríza bude mať na ekonomiku SR dopad v rozpätí 1 rozpätí v dopad SR ekonomiku na mať bude kríza Počiatek:Plynová “PLYN: MonikaPoláková,

http:/ krízy zplynovej plynova príjmy znížili kríza mat TASR Due to both the gas crisis and the economic recession which was just starting. wasjust starting. which recession theeconomic and gas crisis to both the Due - na /spravy.pravda.sk/sk_ekonomika.asp?c=A090206_092455_sk_pludia_p01 (accessed April 2012). 6, (accessed /spravy.pravda.sk/sk_ekonomika.asp?c=A090206_092455_sk_pludia_p01 , January 20, 2009, http://www.euractiv.sk/ekonomika 20, 2009, , January and and - os ih usa et agl uafce. hs bevd miia difference empirical observed This unaffected. largely went Russia with ions ekonomiku - even kriza

- ey iia countries, similar very ong otherwiseong similarcountries off had on their citizens and citizens their on had off those newly empowered faced new faced empowered newly those - znizili to impose limits on residential gas consumpti gas residential on limits impose to -

Pravda.sk”, February 6, 2009, 6, 2009, February Pravda.sk”, štátu o 40 percent!”, February 2, 2009, http://www.cas.sk/clanok/104734/ekonomicka 2, 2009, February percent!”, štátuo40 - sr - prijmy - dopad o financial. Having access to both material resources material both to access Having financial. o

acutecrises. - statu - 9 v

national tax revenues in January 2009 dropped by 40%. by dropped 2009 January in revenues tax national - rozpati - o

- why there have been such stark differences stark such been have there why

- -

percent.html (accessed April 6, 2012); ČTK, “Podniky ešte nevyčíslili škody škody nevyčíslili ešte “Podniky ČTK, April 2012); 6, (accessed percent.html 1 I uncover a story which illustrates how policy choices were were choices policy how illustrates which story a uncover I - 15 - hdp the

(accessed April 6, 2012). 6, April (accessed is thesourceisthepuzzle thatguidesof research.my economy. Bulgaria and Slovakia, traditionally loyal traditionally Slovakia, and Bulgaria economy. ope with energysupply disruptions with ope

2 reality se

energy cuts. Czech Republic, much stingier in stingier much Republic, Czech cuts. energy - a - euro/clanok/plyn together with with together on, step considered most severe and severe most considered step on,

ČTK, “Ekonomická a plynová a “Ekonomická ČTK, new opportunities opportunities new - pociatekplynova

and the and in energy security of security energy in ,

and - 10 1,5 % HDP,” 1,5 %

- Bulgaria was was Bulgaria information, information, kriza

the

and n energy in - – bude

impact impact - across a

- their their -

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW SlovRusGas. and Slovakia Panrusgáz. and bank AEB Russian the in best the danced Hungary While improveitsto energymove security. significant any make not did but times, at it about spoke Slovakia unfinished. process the left started Hungary security. energy of understanding mainstream Republic thus supplies, energy Czech its for contracts The and routes sources, Hungary. diversified and Slovakia Republic, Czech countries: European central I thecomplexhowrelationshipandevolved. her W countries. theindividual in work strategythis did much how differences remarkable were there west, the towards themselves reorient to tried which countries been has approach Russian that see we While tango. to two takes it Butinfluence. of sphere theformer of countries theto resources energysupplying forasvehicles Post thesecountries Russia’s country. to country from em Russia. in as capitalism well as countries crony the with associated risks the time same the at and Union, Soviet collapsing from disruptions supply of threat the faced countries CEE All similarsmallcountries? differen are there why not are there interestingbecauseonly countries open Small options. different for look must countries Smaller differently. vulnerabi face to leverage higher have countries Large odr to order n western European partners, there partners, European western - sovie t state capitalists in Russia tried to establish banks, as well as intermediate companies intermediate as well as banks, establish to tried Russia in capitalists state t

study was not given.wasnot Czech Republic Czech hs developments these ces not only between large countries and small countries, but also among among also but countries, small and countries large between only not ces

are

Nonetheless, the way how they coped with this situation differed situation this with coped they how way the Nonetheless,

a lot of them, as Katzenstein reminds. The puzzling question is questionis puzzling The Katzenstein asreminds. them, of lot a resurgence refused to play according to the Russian conductor, and conductor, Russian the to according play to refused was second to follow with the pair consisting of Devín bank Devín of consisting pair the with follow to second was

were differences were I hoe sample a choose I ,

and use of former and new dependencies new and former of use and

bank 3

- cum in the moves that that moves the in lities and face their energy insecurities insecurities energy their face and lities - middle of hile Russia was the same for all of all samefor the was Russia hile

diversifying its gas supplies but but supplies gas its diversifying three - man couple man erging both in their own own their in both erging ot similar, most “ re ars ms o the of most across tried ticking all the boxes the all ticking her former allies took took allies former her which consisted land towards towards - locked locked ” the

of of CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW thepartyHungary. So party which views differing have parties poli While parties? political the of views different by explained be differences the Could differentthisinto practicetheregion.althoughin extent, across left the both allegations publicized to the explain not does itself in this Nonetheless, it. in entangled region the in widespread been has financing party illicit d agenda plain just or corruption, political and financing party by explained be this Could differences? these of source the is What Slovakia.orRepublic Russi additionally towards aversion popular lower much was there because also but earlier, much started it because only not scale, full achieved companies The andschemedown ex (an partner Dzurinda’sgovernm change by stopped was scheme this Slovakia In and Slovakia in did it way Hungary. the security energy on influence negative have didn’t Republic inter particular by state the capturing at attempts experienced elites, also Republic Czech political altogether. arrangement this reformist of emergence prevented of group small by well used Russia, of fear the Republic Czech In hold fledgling

. wor

o this of k

group

helped by massive privatization which took place much earlier than in than earlier much place took which privatization massive by helped instigated - communist SDĽ) profiteering from the privileged Russia connection, Russia privileged the from profiteering SDĽ) communist

of the same arrangement of people around Gas Invest/ Gas around people of arrangement same the of

the rules of thetherulesof game essentially Mečiarfrom changedera. ewr ws ruh t perfection to brought was network ent despite being forced to tolerate occasional excesses of its junior coalitionjunior its excessesof occasionaltolerate to forced being entdespite

- the type of energy policies which were implemented by a left by implemented were type energy which policies of the ideological identitydoes not ideological –

this does not explain the fact that in Slovakia it was the right the was it Slovakia in that fact the explain not does this ifferences among different political parties? Corruption and and Corruption parties? political different among ifferences - win ests, g,

s el s h right the as well as 4 but

seem to provide sufficientprovideseemexplanationto either. hs pcfc ye f orpin n Czech in corruption of type specific this n government, in n ad post and ans

, n Hungary in

and energy sector has been especially especially been has sector energy and

observed - ig ate wr implicated, were parties wing - Te ytm f f of system The . oit atgte. I altogether. soviets when the reformist first first reformist the when differences. According According differences. Chemapol

- wing party in partyin wing either

never took never slowed the the slowed ront Czech Czech t -

wing wing - tical tical was end

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW energytermsof similarmostRepublic,cases,structurallyCzech and Slovakia Hungary. conditions external prioritization security a provide not does explanation ‘fundamentals’ this Nonetheless, resources. energy domestic lesser with countries than securi energy to priority lower attribute will countries rich energy that expecting fundamentals, on based are security energy of prioritization and policies energy in differences of explanation in differences explain can What prioritizeenergyexternallycomparablestructuralpositionextents.different security into in countries, these that demonstrates This situations. security energy precarious face to prepared si illustrate, Europe in developments recent the or As welfare sovereignty. their of reduction the in penalized being risk they Otherwise maximize. to strive alike countries all which aim absolute an as presented been has security energy literature, the In walksthreatincludinglifethusconcernedeconomybeinallenergy.andaboutof to and of baggage historic the not carryingof suppression and intervention Union Soviet of successor direct a as Russia saw dissent, post soviet the of offspring direct less or more were whom of center around congregating elites Political relevant. remains transition perception their and threats specific how Question understood. sufficiently not is felt is vulnerability this vulnerable, are countries open small The - soviet Russia as a threat. Political elites on the other side of the spectrum, including former former including spectrum, the of side other the on elites Political threat. a as Russia soviet

affects the political process and influences influences and process political the affects ,

and s

among relatively similar countries of CEE. T CEE. of countries similar relatively among isolate effects of fundamentals; of effects isolate ase wy e inse sc glaring such witnessed we why answer n

the level of energy security prioritization? The most common most The prioritization? security energy of level the only personal liberties personal only

especially in their energy security, energy their in especially 5

energy

in this dissertation I look at three, in in three, at look I dissertation this in ,

- but but r com era policy choices in small countries in countries small in choices policy also ia cutis r differently are countries milar o control for the effects of of effects the for control o uit ate, i nt see not did parties, munist freedom of their country their of freedom - left political parties, many many parties, political left

difference but precise way how way precise but s

n energy in

- based ty –

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW early the in countries European Eastern and Central the of most of case the is This making. the in are ones new and falter relations power and alliances former when face powers major but allies economic and political aspired their between mismatch apparent an facing transition, in countries open small to especially applies provide I which explanation The similarposition.countries in pr stable with sectors, different of number a over spread the de diversified, is market import are suppliers and routes transit import energy its when security energy high c dependent import energy An prices. energy and mix energy concentration, market import diversification, supplier diversification, transit of: structure and type level, of aspects agenda policy the on high be should it thus and security of parcel and part be to argued is supplies energy of Security theirinterests.promoting de are interests industrial incumbent when and power, from thre of effects the dampen can thus and threat of source perceived the with links personal on draw can who elites former when parties, ruling of supporters among concentrated perce popular When interact: and coincide aspects three when prioritized are securityenergy enhancing policies transition, in countries European East and Central the in observe I As conditions. inhibiting and sec prioritizing of factors the understand to is aim My temporalcomparabledomesticspatialon andofto variationinternational responses conditions. field research broader the to contributes dissertation this questions, these answering By timing? an variation of type the explains what and time, over vary dependence import energy of position structural with coping of responses domestic their do Why differently. security energy I dissertation this In Research Question ption of threat which can plausibly be connected to the energy supply is high and and high is supply energy the to connected be plausibly can which threat of ption - concentrated, and its energy mix is diversified is mix energy its and concentrated, for countries across the world. I define energy security by five constituent five by security energy define I world. the across countries for study why countries under comparable international conditions prioritize conditions international comparable under countries why study

urity in energy policy, and their facilitating their and policy, energy in urity ices - concentrated and face obstacles in obstacles face and concentrated

t levels at –

with

comparable – domestic

situation which situation at are removed are at

ountry has ountry consumers o other to d its its d all all

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW policy influences pa achoices in vulnerability of perception specific the how illustrate also I this achieving In happen. ownership of changes significant before implemented be to need transition during increasing to aiming policies prioritizing over ownership government of of change control that the argue lowering also I policy. energy in security of prioritization lower to case in which elites, former of participation higher enabled laws vetting transparent less and consequential less that argue I opportunitystructure. threat elites ruling the choice policy factors: important most three of interplay of result a as domestic happened This prioritization. of result a is argue, I countries, similar otherwise three these among difference observed The Slovakia. and Hungary Republic, Czech of cases three on work empirical comparative intensive by supported is argument This singleone. one as security energy analyzing for model conceptual also I governments. by pursued being are that aspects energ and InternationalRelations b by debate policy energy contribution theoretical The influence. of reins the of out way their for looking were they as nineties, ,

n coc o vet of choice and

rticularpolicy area elcig fet o pwru dmsi itrs gop, ulc ecpin of perception public groups, interest domestic powerful of effects reflecting

ig as t h tm o tasto wih nlecd h domestic the influenced which transition of time the at laws ting

of lower perception of threat of perception lower of ign bc dmsi politics domestic back ringing that I aim to make through through make to aim I that y policy that energy security, albeit important, is only one of the of one onlyis important, albeit security,energy that policyy –

energysecurity.

ene rgy nry ses piaiain was (privatization) assets energy 7

euiy Teeoe security Therefore security.

of the energy policy priorities, but not t not but priorities, policy energy the of towards t towards tie to strive hs dissertation this , s: specifically of sequencing and and sequencing of specifically s:

and and Soviet Union and its sphere of sphere its and Union Soviet he source of dependence lead lead dependence of source he lay foundations for broader broader for foundations lay reminding the students of of students the reminding s in is - increasing policies policies increasing

n btce to obstacle an ermn the reframing interests of of interests he CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 11 energy the compare also I concentration. market import 3) and diversification (contract) supplier 2) and diversification, (pipeline) transit 1) both through diversification, supply energy aspects: typ level, through security energy of prioritization the capture I prioritization. security energy of variable dependent the capturing aspects constituent five all in developments of comparison detailed a provide I chapter second the of end the At cou three all in prioritization security energy the affecting structures industrial the of comparison elites of type elites ruling on focus specific three the in perception threat popular of influence the comparing with start I security. energy of prioritization the influenced have they how and variables independent selected three the of view comparative offer I chapter second the In politicalforce,thetypessupportersruling andamonglawsofvetting of enacted. energy important the as Russia from threat of perceptions popular of presence the by inhibited suppo energy, of consumers industrial domestic largest of interests and concentration type the with elites ruling of interests and structure types, The factors: three between interplay propos I that model The thedomesticdifferences in isolatefactorsIway. thiswhich the out point and cases, the across comparable are which structure opportunity external and cases similar most the on rival based is choose I that design literature, research The detail. in model research the the and explanations in discussion theoretical existing the to dissertation this of contribution of overview provide puzzle, theoretical and empirical the present I introduction the after chapter first the In sections. two into divided is dissertation This of theStructure dissertation andoverview of chapters

Methods of Scientific Investigation Scientific Methods of John Stuart Mill, Mill, JohnStuart ntries.

and the scope for maneuver they had during the transition. Next transition. the during had they maneuver for scope the and A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive: Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the the and of Evidence Principles the of View Connected a Being Inductive: and Ratiocinative ofLogic, A System –

the Mill’s method of difference. of method Mill’s the

(John W. Parker, 1843), 455ff. 1843), W. Parker, (John t epan aito i pirtzto o eeg scrt cnit of consists security energy of prioritization in variation explain to e

’

relat ions with Russia, and the influence vetting laws had on the on had laws vetting influence the and Russia, with ions 8

I control for the effects of fundamentals, fundamentals, of effects the for control I ad tutr o is ie constituent five its of structure and e

the theoretical context of the project, project, the of context theoretical the

countries on three main main three on countries countries;

continue with continue I provide the provide I td or rted CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 12 energy favored choices policy the policies, influencing closely and directly followed p preferred and available the influenced has transition, the of part as chosen vetting/lustration of kind and degree the through exemplified as past, the with coping of type that, is argue I What Russia. high through governments the between relations of intensity the measure also I available. readily is countries two these for data the since Republics, Slovak and Czech of case in government the in collaborators service secret measuring by this operationalize I policy. energy its in security prioritize to government the was likely less government, the in exponents regime former of number the ch laws vetting the between relation a is there that is test I that transition elite on hypothesis The countries. CEE the in public general of surveys representative numerous from data longitudinal extensive using government. the in force supplies energy to relevance of actor the when prioritized energy of aspect security the First, hypotheses: three following the test I effort this In thedifferencesfinallycomparison5)offer importin as ofdomesticas well energy prices. deman (domestic mix

ltcl hie i te nry policy. energy the in choices olitical Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes, Volume I: General Considerations General I: Volume Former Regimes, with Reckon Democracies ed., Kritz, J. Neil (n.d.); Case” Czech The Past: Communist the Overcoming “C Kopeček, Lubomír August 11,2010); (accessed (1989 Poland “Lust David, inHungary,” Vetting Competition: Political as “Lustration Ágnes and Munkácsi, Hack, Péter Barrett, Elizabeth (2003); approach” K. Williams, A. Szcserbiak, and B. Fowler, “Explaining lustration in Eastern Europe A post EuropeA Eastern in lustration “Explaining B. Fowler, and A.Szcserbiak, K. Williams, osen and the number of former regime exponents in the transition government. The higher higher The government. transition the in exponents regime former of number the and osen

- up and the former members of the regime’s security apparatus were excluded from from excluded were apparatus security regime’s the of members former the and up ration Laws in Action: The Motives and Evaluation of Lustration Policy in the Czech Republic and and Republic Czech in the Policy ofLustration Evaluation and Motives The Action: inLaws ration - 2001),” 2001),”

Justice as Prevention: Vetting Public Employees in Transitional Societies in Transitional Employees Public Prevention: as Vetting Justice Law & Social Inquiry &Social Law

ecpino etra threat, external of perception d structure) through comparing 4) energy mix type and its structure, and and structure, its and type mix energy 4) comparing through structure) d

I measure the developments developments the measure I

- ee stat level

28, no. 2 (Spring 2003): 387 2003): (Spring 2 28, no. ,

is present and concentrated among supporters of po of supporters among concentrated and present is 12

vst bten y ae onre’ oenet and governments countries’ case my between visits e In cases where lustration has been more thoroughly thoroughly more been has lustration where cases In reating a New Democratic System and the Problem of Problem the and System Democratic New a reating 9

ascribable to specific political or economic economic or political specific to ascribable in popular perceptions of external threat threat external of perceptions popular in

(United States Institute of Peace, 1995). Peace, of Institute States (United – 439, http://www.jstor.org/stable/1215775 http://www.jstor.org/stable/1215775 439, Transitional Justice: How Emerging How Emerging Justice: Transitional

(2007): 260 (2007):

security (and were less were (and security the share of former former of share the - communist politics communist – 307; Roman 307;

policy is policy .

litical litical CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 13 toandSlovakiasixHungaryand respectively. apart. drifting started republics Slovak and Czech as Federation Czechoslovak of years important two first the and Slovakia Republic, Czech of studies case detailed three with proceed I dissertation, this of section second the In restructuring. economic avoiding and pricing, energy competitive of effects the from shielding and quo status rent the cement or 1998) after Slovakia in partially and period, earlier the in Republic Czech in case the was (as competitiveness increase and transform it as role a of privatization the of effects The place. takes privatization the internalizebefore to easierare benefits,which its securityand energy of good public of provision of prioritization assetsPrivatization energycan hinder of asmajorenergywellprivatizationrestructuring. and consumers’ as assets’ energy both of sequencing and timing the through also captured is This prioritized. be short in industry on costs exerting means it if even prioritized be can security energy interests, their promoting I policy. energy hypoth in security of prioritization the influencing factors additional were country energy of concentration and type presence, that hypothesize I Finally, o Slovakiaprioritized(asobserved in be to likely were aims policy other changed, periodically or halted inconsequential, was lustration Russia

And into certain extent also Poland. also extent certain into And - esize that when incumbent industrial interests are de are interests industrial incumbent when that esize redy n eea, s bevd n zc Republic Czech in observed as general, in friendly can be either used to weaken the entrenched industrial interests and the reluctance to to reluctance the and interests industrial entrenched the weaken to used either be can

Chapter four is devoted to the detailed analysis of Czech Republic, chap Republic, Czech of analysis detailed the to devoted is four Chapter - run. If energy If run. Hungary, which I offer in four chapters. Chapter three offers details on details offers three Chapter chapters. four in offer I which Hungary,

intensive industry is concentrated, e concentrated, is industry intensive rHungary)

and policiesandwere moremuchRussia

energysecurity divestingcosts of by the - ekn politic seeking 13 - concentrated and face obstacles in obstacles face and concentrated ). In contrast, in countries where where countries in contrast, In ). the major energy consumers play consumers energy major the

nergy security is less likely to to likely less is security nergy - intensive industries in the the in industries intensive l rvtzr preferring privatizers al - friendly ters five five ters .

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW “n and “old” the between distinction the and wi was prioritization security energy The agenda. policy how s way of the prioritization high reflected Also place took made. sector energy was the of decision privatization time the at for hoped few only benefit additional Norw long a also included latter The links. diversification gas and oil both time over premium security energy high provided but time, the at sense economic little make T investmentsof Russiancompanies gas Norwegian of import the enabling connector gas build to decision the and interests, Russian with connected being as seen was Chemapol the to 1994 in refineries Czech the this privatize to of not decision examples the are prominent struggle Two way.” “Russian a actually been have would way” “Czech o privatization, the in part take to investment direct foreign allowing between been has Republic Czech in policy energy the in security of prioritization the to relating argument political prominent most The choicesparticipatithrough lasted sensitivity public recognized and known publicly was identity their coincidences fortunate of number u left mostly were they economy into moved they when prosecution, its secret of state former the phases While transition. initial the in affairs public on party former communist the former of and influence apparatus the security of rid get to strove Republic Czech consequence of a particularly As and Russia. regime, former the of wary extremely was Republic Czech the in Public Republic Czech he ng socialng wide ay, which contributed to aggregate lower prices of gas as compared with regional peers regional with compared as gas of prices lower aggregate to contributed which ay, - spread popular popular spread - democratic government, democratic r to allow the “Czech way” to prevail. Nonetheless, perception has been that the that been has perception Nonetheless, prevail. to way” “Czech the allow to r

the fear of Rus of fear on onde on r ability ir . mocraticwasseriouslypolicymakingcurtailed.

whic sia has helped Czech politicians invest into what seemed to to seemed what into invest politicians Czech helped has sia o iety nlec pbi plce ad nry security energy and policies public influence directly to

h followed in the latter period. T thelatterperiod. in followed h service rather than further expansion of Russian imports or or imports Russian of expansion further than rather 11

officers tried to influence their immunity from from immunity their influence to tried officers w eie bcm smwa blurred somewhat became elites ew”

lessened into some degree only during left during only degree some into lessened - ntouched. Still, thanks to a a to thanks Still, ntouched. term import contract with with contract import term he division of interests of division he e uiyi energy in curity

and while and ,

s the as w hich – – -

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 14 sequencethis as well as legislation, energy major through pushed governments two Dzurinda’s this, Despite Apis. shareholder main ex partner coalition a had membership, NATO and EU towards country steered explicitly and Russia with relations the cooled having Because similarcompanyHungaryroleequivalentto in assume never could company the but established, was SlovRusGas company trading gas man a sustainable rather than yourselfisation” “help wild in interested more were and 1994) 1991/1992 in periods two the for (except 1998 until elections free first the since power ener reasonable somewhat at attempts charge, in was government technocratic a when period, interim short a for Only elections. first the until Republic Czech in unlike Slovakia, in preserved was which elites Communist vis difference This government. maintained apparatus security the also allegedly and party communist the with connected people transition its of phase first the In Hungary. was Slovakia in situation The Slovakia divisionlines.theoriginalacross “power

(Bratislava: M.E.S.A. 10, 1999). 10, M.E.S.A. (Bratislava: Jana Cervenáková, Viktor Niznanský, and Ol’ga Reptová, Reptová, Ol’ga and ViktorNiznanský, Cervenáková, Jana - sharing” arrangements among both the politicians and their backing financial groups ran ran groups financial backing their and politicians the both among arrangements sharing” f h vr wd caiin f anti of coalition wide very the of

prioritization ofsecurityprioritization waspre - communist party SDĽ, with its ties to Russia through Deví through Russia to ties its with SDĽ, party communist “ 49 it column fifth

% privatization of the “strategic“ ene “strategic“ the of privatization % energy security

gy policies could be detected. Mečiar’s governments Mečiar’s detected. be could policies gy

uh os ta Ceh eulc and Republic, Czech than worse much

- à - ” i Ceh eulc a a was Republic Czech vis

n h gvrmn. zrna a t tlrt the tolerate to had Dzurinda government. the in

policy. During the last months of Mečiar’s rule a middle rule Mečiar’s last months the of During policy. - Mečiar forces, even Dzurinda’s government, while while government, Dzurinda’s even forces, Mečiar - – 12 empted.

Panrusgas.

From common toprivate From

full

oto oe te alaet n the and parliament the over control 14

a cash a

rgy assets, but but assets, rgy lso visible in the continuity of of continuity the in visible lso - stripping wild stripping

: 10 years of privatisation in Slovakia of privatisation years : 10 even even mainly rme ta in than grimmer , -

“privatization, n B n which were in were which ank and its and ank because of because junior junior free

” - CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 15 long the for vehicle Panrusgáz company intermediary Hungarian socialist the of months first the in 1994 1, October On large socialist subsequent the wa as diversification, it but Austria, to pipeline gas of construction the starting by security energy prioritized center reformist the transition, the after government first The incaseRussia,unlikerunof Czech didn’t thepolitical Republic, clearlyalong l party right by only priority policy lef the on especially Russia of fear absent of consequence a As legislation. lustration and justice transitional at attempts chaotic and isolated and response weak relatively for reason a also was This earlier. started economy the “normalization than life happier much citizens its allowed Hungary in regime communist the but Czechoslovakia, and b of case in than widespread less much were Hungary in Russia of fears public The Hungary connectionsclosercountries withRussiaprioritizingsecurityenergypreferring not and in policy. re taken priorities policyas well as particular) in Transpetrol company (oil companies energy to nominations political the SMER, ex by replaced was government second Dzurinda’s When Russia. to links alleged poli to benefit particularistic of means a as policy energy of use and policy energy in security of prioritization of lack illustrates overall Slovakia of case The

RosUkrEnergo, RosUkrEnergo, The “venture” companies used as front companies for Gazprom or its managers mas itsor managers Gazprom for frontas companies used companies “venture” The

- Czech Republic. The soviet invasion took place only dozen years earlier than in in than earlier years dozen only place took invasion soviet The Republic. Czech scale privatization of energy privatizationassets.scaleof

- - term intergovernmental gas import. Thus this majority Gazprom controlled Gazprom majority this Thus import. gas intergovernmental term era” Czechoslovakia, and the economic reforms an reforms economic the and Czechoslovakia, era”

- wing political elites. Despite the fact that the perception of fear of fear of perception the that fact the Despite elites. political wing

t affirmed the argument of ex of argument the affirmed - ieo h oiia pcrm eeg scrt a rae s a as treated was security energy spectrum, political the of side

energy

- liberal coalition government was more interested in in interested more was government coalition liberal 15

diversification was set was 13

- up and in the 1996 treaty named exclusive named treaty 1996 the in and up nvr followed never s tically connected cronies, with strong strong with cronies, connected tically - . - communist parties in post in partiescommunist iea Hr governmen Horn liberal Antall - right - Boross government Boross Antall hroomed: hroomed: d internationalization of internationalization d - - Boross government, government, Boross p ih contract a with up TurkmenRosGaz, TurkmenRosGaz, ines. oth Slovakia Slovakia oth - communist Russian t - transition transition

initiated -

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 19 18 17 16 thepartyHungary.along linesin in interests Europe. Russia’s Central facilitating Russia with relations intensive fostered and priorities other had governments socialist the Russia, of “fear” upon acted and policy energy the in security right While governments. (center) the of policies between consistency exceptional showed Hungary of experience The reinstated. companies Russian and Russia with relations friendly socialist of return the With managers.Gazpromto of Orbán’s grew. family Rakhimkulov by curated imperium economic the and stronghold gained Panrusgas socialist the During one astheseatof Interpocom officials, transfe later Interprocom, Rakhimkulov. set was Interprocom, one, first The companies. front Gazprom important other of number a for place Hungar to gas natural of importer largest the became company

Foreign Policy Affairs ForeignPolicy Policy,” Energy Government’s Gyurcsány The Manner: in Hungarian “Diversification Makarov). by founded Florida, and (Cyprus Itera 26, 2012). September (accessed http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/gazprom 21, 2001, May Dmitriyeva) (Yelena Sheremet Vyacheslav boss Rem ofGazprom thedaughters and Chernomyrdin), Anit Baka (both Interhaz, Respublica, Ukrainian by regional role in its chronologically Followed sonsThe of Kohl inGermany. met when day Gorbachev same very The BC a Orbán, Orbán, a refinery business, attempted through a through attempted business, refinery - up in Budapest already in June 1989 June in already Budapest in up 17 first

became the vehicle for cash stripping of Gazprom and exporting assets from Russia. Russia. from assets exporting and Gazprom of stripping cash for vehicle the became 18 Rakhimkulov

government Power, energy, and the new Russian imperialism newthe Russian and energy, Power, was later joined by Eural Trans Gas headed by former communist official, as well well as official, communist former by headed Gas Trans Eural by joined later was 19

XV, no. 3 XV, ofoperationthebankingAEB. Gazprom’sforeign Th - is is interesting especially given rather weak distribution of fear of Russia Russia of fear of distribution weak rather given especially interesting is is iea government liberal

(Ruslan (Ruslan

– stoppedprivatization

4 ( 4 -

- ig governments wing liberal coalition government, privatiza government, coalition liberal 2006):44 Rakhimkulov

Florian Hassel, “Gazprom Assets A Family Af A Family Assets “Gazprom Hassel, Florian – 55.

energy , ) and former Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin (Vitaly Chernomyrdin Minister Viktor Prime former ) and rred effectively to the family members of Gazprom Gazprom of members family the to effectively rred

by the former top manager of Gazexport Megdet Megdet Gazexport of manager top former the by number of front of number , 14

(Praeger Security International, 2008); András Deák, Deák, András International, 2008); Security (Praeger and wageda and ossety mlmne plce prioritizing policies implemented consistently

Vyahkhirev (Tatyana Dedikova) and his deputy his deputy and Dedikova) (Tatyana Vyahkhirev euiy co security

n open n sdrtos ee oty absent. mostly were nsiderations y. Hungary was also a registration a also was Hungary y. - end companies allegedly leading allegedly companies end - assets tion was restarted, and more and restarted, was tion

fight against hostile takeover hostileagainsttakeover fight -

ih ad socialist and right - a - family International Issues & Slovak &Slovak Issues International fair,” fair,” i); and Omrania and and Omrania and i); - affair/253518.html affair/253518.html The Moscow Times The Moscow - (liberal) (liberal) ,

PREVIEW

THIS PREVIEW DOES NOT INCLUDE PAGES 15-215 CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 667 666 thesethetimewithinthroughout countries differently out played paths these Nonetheless transition. of paths their during countries these of policies energy shaping andinfluencing in role tremendous played as well as assets, valuable on and personal of role politically Euro of criteria political debts, their aspects alsosmallcountries energycases ofprompted policy, requirements of financing but by of pol The thespeedonlyimpacting not alsoofthekindsocietytransition buteconomy. in and restructuring, industrialto hurdle aor of, enginean eitherand policy,industrial of tool a wasalso foc transition the during policy Energy not. did other but security, energy their improve to measures active took countries some conditions new these Under change. policy rapid for opportunities rare provided and threats and allegiances War Cold the after transition economic and Political goals. and priorities issues, of number a of account take which policies devising of business the in are Governments muchishowthanobservationsdiscussedliterature. it in frequ less much is goals policy other over security energy of primacy time, over security energy their improve countries few only Since literature. der in the energyDirector, ExecutiveMaria securityIEA literature.view recently of van growing The overseen surprisingly been has countries for matters security energy much how and why, When, C OECD,” 388. OECD,” security. energy their having improved economies.” emerging the with cooperation

ONCLUSION Sovacool and Brown recorded in the past four decades, only four c onlyfour decades, four in thepast recorded Brown Sovacool and Beckman, “Interview: Maria van der Hoeven, new chief of the IE: We must find mechanisms to strengthen tostrengthen mechanisms mustWe find IE: ofthe Hoeven, newchief der van Maria “Interview: Beckman, Hoeven, that “It's always about energy security. Always.” security. energy about always “It's that Hoeven, tc o energy of itics

well

- connected groups, all of these often at the cost of long of cost the at often these of all groups, connected

interest networks of privileged individuals who had access to information to access had who individuals privileged of networks interest security

start

a nt ny oiis f optn pirtztos f various of prioritizations competing of politics only not was Sovacool and Brown, “Measuring Energy Security performance inperformance the Security Energy “Measuring Brown, Sovacool and - up capital up -

tatcitgainpoes a process, integration Atlantic .

used not only on security, efficiency, and welfare. It welfare. and efficiency, security, on only not used ,

216 in combination with fear or absence thereof has thereof absence or fear with combination in

ountries out ofthirty ountriesout 666

is too often reverberated in the the in reverberated often too is

among the countries, but countries, the among s well as private interest of interest private as well s ently refle ently - term energy term - four OECD members members OECD four

667 nldd hfs in shifts included cted in empirical empirical in cted

this shows that that shows this

security. The security.

also

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW center market decreased it has nor base, supplier the diversified not Antall of government reform right an security energydecreasedownership which changeof in especially policies, numberofa pursued 1998 After concentration. market energy decreased and diversification right independent first its with started Republic Czech power. assumed governments different as changed business intensive energy with connections also but Russia with relations of intensity process, lustration w visible most were These countries. the within time the across differences were there countries, three the among identified I differences the Besides otherpriorities. gov last not did commitment the but prioritized, initially was security energy Hungary In security. energy security energy prioritized not transition the throughout has insecurity energy higher much with country de thus and contracts insecurit energy its decreased and security energy prioritized further has security, energy high relatively with transition its started which country import energy their with coped have systems, energy si most and conditions external similar of effects sharing while countries, three These Slovakia. and Hungary Republic, Czech choosing by factors, external and fundamentals of under countries among difference puzzling comparable internation the uncover To not. did other while security energy prioritized transition in countries some why puzzle the on focused I dissertation this In d were clear examples of lack of security prioritization. Similarly in Hungary, the first center first the Hungary, in Similarly prioritization. security of lack of examples clear were d T . rmn pirtzn eeg scrt, hl left while security, energy prioritizing ernment - e roiiain f nry euiy olwd hne i gvrmn wt right with government in changes followed security energy of prioritization he left government has not considered energy security a priority. With the return to power of of power to return the With priority. securityaenergy considered not governmenthas left . W . hen the crises of 20 of crises the hen

- ig g wing - al conditions prioritizing their energy security differently, I isolatedeffectssecurity energy I conditions differently, prioritizingal their concentrated the energy import market. Slovakia on the other hand, hand, other the on Slovakia market. import energy the concentrated vrmn ad iesfe eeg tasot icesd supplier increased transport, energy diversified and overnment 06 and 2009 came, Slovak economy paid economy Slovak came, 2009 and 06 - Boross, diversified the energy import infrastructure, but has but infrastructure, import energy the diversified Boross, 217

- ig ugra gvrmns oue on focused governments Hungarian wing y by diversifying import routes, import import routes, import diversifying by y

dependence t te hne o gvrmns a the as governments, of changes the ith ocnrto. h subsequent The concentration.

differently. Czech Republic, Republic, Czech differently.

, high

center

price for neglecting for price - left government government left milar domestic milar - wing wing - ,

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW post with contacts of history personal left More camps. rath but left and right the between differences, ideological by not guided was variation this Nonetheless, left and security, energy prioritizing mostly government left also followed largely variation This energy of security. good public a into investment of costs the bearing in interested less were owners energy of prioritization to obstacle an as served assets, energy privatization over government through happened as ownership of change de are interests elites political to connected industrial incumbent when and power; from removed ar threat of effects the on dampen can thus and threat, of source draw perceived the with links personal can who elites former when parties; ruling of supporters among concentrated and popular When interact: and coincide w threat, of aspects perception three when prioritized are security energy enhancing policies transition, in countries European East and Central these in observed I As reforms by up tied was government the because lacking been has it government Dzurinda’s subsequent the in Russia, with relations friendly largely the of because absent was through country. single a within time the across variation consistent uniquely a provides thus Hungary rank. priority center to again returned center - right government of Orbán, energy security was back on the agenda, and when the rule the when and agenda, the on back was security energy Orbán, of government right out its history, although for different reasons. While during Mečiar’s rule energy security energy rule Mečiar’s during While reasons. different for although history, its out er by personal connections of politicians concentrated in these two large ideological ideological large two these in concentrated politicians of connections personal by er of higher urgency.higher of

Slovakia was affected by the lack of prioritization of energy security, persistent persistent security, energy of prioritization of lack the by affected was Slovakia - ig politicians wing hich can plausibly b plausibly can hich - left govern left

and face and ment of MSZP of ment in CEE CEE in other - oit onre ad usa hn right than Russia and countries soviet - e connected to the energy supplier energy the to connected e obstacles in promoting their interests. I argued that that argued I interests. their promoting in obstacles ih pltcl iie wt right with divide, political right came from former communist parties, and had had and parties, communist former from came 218

- SDSZ energy security again fell out of the of out fell again security energy SDSZ - wing parties neglecting energy security. energy neglecting parties wing ,

hc lwrd t lowered which dealing with policies with dealing - concentrated - -

wing parties in in parties wing ig po wing country security as new new as security he control of of control he , is high high is , liticians. not , and e ,

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW for foundations of laying broa to contribute also I consistency, conceptual more for calling By security, of expectations the to Contrary everything Not thefit empiricalto observations,empiricalstartobservations. I with of Instead approach. descriptive by guided definition right security energy to conceptualapproach prescriptive refocusin is context this in literature security energy the to contribution My conceptualizations.and meta additional and literature security doz four almost in resulted this Subsequently be. should it what and is security energy what redefining and defining publications, their of each in often and author, every almost of case in resulted has This areas. many across activity human energy both Second, engineers. stud where literature. the in persists analyze, and it measure to how is, security energy what about confusion Conceptual transition.during choices policy on literature the to secondly and literature, security energy of field burgeoning literature of bodies two to contribute dissertation my of Findings TheoreticalContribution andConceptual increasingbyenergyincluding security. Right der conceptual model for analyzing and contextualizing energy security among other policy policy other among security energy contextualizing and analyzing for model conceptual der - wing politicians more frequently perceived Russia as a threat which should be acted upon acted be should which threat a as Russia perceived frequently more politicians wing even in the objective absence of sufficient security, sufficient absenceof objective the in even ns f nentoa rltos and relations international of ents This is a result of interplay of number of factors. First, energy security is a field a is security energy First, factors. of number of interplay of result a is This , to conceptualization of energy security grounded in empirical observation and observation empirical in grounded security energy of conceptualization to , that

governments prioritize and do and prioritize governments

and the literature, governments often prioritize other aims than than aims other prioritize often governments literature, the

euiy r ihrnl cross inherently are security

literature on classification of energy security definitions definitions security energy of classification on literature prescribing what energy security ought to be a trying a be to ought security energy what prescribing en of mainstream definitions available in the energy the in available definitions mainstream of en 219

euiy et with meet security

which has been preoccupied with finding thefinding with preoccupied hasbeen which which pertains to energy to pertains which

and go unpunished for long periods. long for unpunished go and - etrl concept sectoral

–

economists, lawyers and and lawyers economists, in the first place to the the to place first the in g the attention from from attention the g ,

is energy security. energy is s relating to to relating s

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW are and sector, business to cater that sources available commercially few those Even contracts. prices on information longitudinal reliable, to comes it when hardest perhaps is challenge This secret. state as classified or secret, trade a considered either problem, face security energy of researchers that problems the of One Innovation Methodological comparableto conditions.international domes of variationspatialand temporal on researchfield thebroader contributedto also have I transition in countries in time over dependence import energy by of position structural pursued being are that aspects the of governments. one only is important, albeit security, Energy duringtransition.securitypolicyprioritization of understanding to contributing by and politics, domestic back bringing by debate policy energy reframi for argument of consists dissertation this of contribution theoretical broader The towardspluralisticones.moreandopen general in of problem the linking regime, to pertinent particularly is which security, energy previous to justice transitional the to officials government of links of measure A before. done been not has this knowledge best my To assessment. security energy the into threat security energy Conceptually efficiency welfare as such policy, energy to pertinent priorities dtoal, hv erce te nry euiy ieaue y nrdcn te quantitative the introducing by literature security energy the enriched have I dditionally,

, or environmentalsustainability.or , is extensive scarcity of publicly available data. Information is not availab not is Information data. available publicly of scarcity extensive is ,

and energy security in particular during times of transition from totalitarian regimes totalitarian from transition of times during particular in security energy and ,

introduce I By providing explanation for variation and timing of domestic responses to to responses domestic of timing and variation for explanation providing By

by introducing a longitudinal and quantified measure of public perceptions of of perceptions public of measure quantified and longitudinal a introducing by d

the longitudinal approach to assessing historic historic assessing to approach longitudinal the

220

n affordability and , and I experienced the same same the experienced I and , ,

and understanding of security of understanding te detail other competitiveness , developments of of developments le because it is is it because le tic responses tic s

f energy of ng the ng

and and CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 670 669 668 in chosen have I politics, f external of effects the for control to order In ofthe ModelApplicability Explanatory researchers it, popularized and approach, this of relevance and before approach simple, relatively being approach this Despite comparative provides assessmen it country), same the from commodity the source they (if companies limitations energ in available are which imports energy of values dividing by data: of sources available readily two from deduced be can Price prices. cal to method developed have I dissertation, this for challenge.serious a poses this security, energy of definitions the of most of parcel and part is price energy Since geographicbreadth depth historic sufficient of data carry not do simply academics, for unaffordable largely (accessed June 7, 2013). June (accessed sac.org/globsec2010/uploads/document al., enhanced http://www.ensec.org/i Security,” Energy Its Enhanced Has Republic theCzech How Prague: from “Lessons Lang, Petr and Nosko Andrej Republic”; in theSlovak Security ofEnergy “TheEvolution Policies,” Foreign inVisegrad Role Research Science Social Human Journal of efforts. collaborative in this contributions individual co in a which and resulted lead

GLOBS C 2010: Panel 5: “ he Visegrad Four”: nergied Four”: Visegrad he 5:“ Panel 2010: C GLOBS to Power You: “More Romaniuk, ScottNicholas al., et Nosko nergetická be ečnost ČR a budoucnost energetické olitiky U energetické budoucnost ečnosta ČR be nergetická - its t for virtually all countriesthew virtually forall of t ,

669 - such as inability to disaggregate prices by individual supply contracts, or supplier supplier or contracts, supply individual by prices disaggregate to inability as such energy

Energy Security Energy and policymakersandevertheregion since. in which are reported in the trade databases, databases, trade the in reported are which

to overcome the absence of absence the overcome to In the absence of comparative longitudinal cross longitudinal comparative of absencethe In - security&catid=108:energysecuritycontent&Itemid (accessed May 10, 2011); Petr Binhack et et Binhack Petr 10, 2011); May (accessed security&catid=108:energysecuritycontent&Itemid , as this is ofvaluelimitedforisasthis bus ,

ndex.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=258:how .

- Although this was a collaborative cross collaborative was a this Although depth comparison of three most similar countries. The complexity of of complexity The countries. similar most three of comparison depth

- authored report, the price calculations, an calculations, price report,the authored databases y

The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs of International Quarterly The Polish

12, no. 8 (2012); András Rácz, “The Greatest Common Divisor: Russia’s Divisor: Russia’s Common “TheGreatest Rácz, András 12, no.(2012); 8 s/Panel%20Summaries/GLOBSEC_2010_Panel_5_summary.pdf s/Panel%20Summaries/GLOBSEC_2010_Panel_5_summary.pdf Wie hs approach this While . Securing Central Europe’s Future Energy Supply,” Supply,” Energy Future Europe’s Central Securing

orldonthecountry levelbasis. publicly available pricing data pricing available publicly I am not aware of anyone else havi else anyone of aware not am I 221

(Bratislava, September 14, 2010), http://www.ata 14, 2010), September (Bratislava, cos n euiae h srcue f domestic of structure the elucidate and actors

(Úst iness. 668 Journal of Energy Security Journal of Energy

av mezinárodních vztahů, 2012). vztahů, mezinárodních av 670 with results having been referred to by by to referred been having results with uae ogtdnl cross longitudinal culate

- border international research effort, which I which effort, research international border with the amounts of energy imports energy of amounts the with d threat perceptions were both were clea perceptions threat d , no. 4 no. , a sfe from suffer may - country import energy prices, energy countryimport (2012):32 -

the (2010), . I have I . - czech

– 51; Nosko and Ševce, Ševce, and Nosko 51; - republic - ng applied this applied ng border import import border

tested validity tested nme of number a Global Global - has - - rly my my rly

and

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Bulgaria, Republic, Czech the from evidence The earlier. not if 1997, since least at have continued etc., penetration, intelligence politicians, governments of corruption European penetration, East economic subvert through to attempts “Russian noted Blank, Steve As Russia. this with coped transition in countries dependenc structural EU eastern other how way The propose. I model explanatory the using studied be can Russia, on particularly dependence, energy the with Coping post of model my sources, information available and peculiarities, local for adjustments minor With Moscow. in reach their releasethe information For previousregime for used explanatory the that example an as serves be not could measure this st former the in records their through Slovakia and Republic Czech in elites of linkages the assessing for measure proxy chosen have I countries. not does it that is dissertation this de import energy allapplicable to countries. make the study I that required argument the countries undergoing transition. Even though access to reliable data on connections with with connections on data reliable to access though Even transition. undergoing countries example,

to corroborate the hypotheses. The absence of particular type of data data of type particular of absence The hypotheses. the corroborate to tog clai strong - soviet energy importing countries.soviet energyimporting

Nevertheless, even if the political elite political the if even for somefor s bu apiaiiy f h epaain dvlpd n hs hss o other to thesis this in developed explanations the of applicability about ms is y was affected by the type and presence of elites and perception of threat of threat of perception and elites of presence and type the byaffected was y

applicable to all ten countries of Eastern EU, and most likely for likely most and EU, Eastern of countries ten all to applicable ,

this this there is no reason why the developed explanatory model would not be be not would model explanatory developed the why reason no is there

countries consistently is

not possible, asarchivessecretare service ofnot possible, theoutof theformer pendent countries in transition.T in countries pendent provide the provide would beofquestionout would ate secret service databases, service secret ate

applied in countries of the former Soviet Union Union Soviet former the of countries in cases

model

, 222

no great into and I had to to had I and test test

is not dependent on the methodological tools tools methodological the on dependent not is for the explanatory model model explanatory the for detail; develop an develop , othermeans ,

this

but he

preclude

acknowledged already in case of Hungary Hungary of case in already alternative measure. alternative c an could be could s

be devised.be beyond the three the beyond the possibility to possibility the would want to want would li mitation of mitationof overcome overcome majority

T his

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 674 673 672 671 Russia's […] proceeds. criminal of laundering and smuggling espionage, Russian for point “made Europe around freely travel to residents Latvia’s for possibility the and agent financial policy. energy expansive its support to Lithuania to Lithuania. of case in this illustrate sector, energy privatization, the in companies Russian heavy of the investment or Paksa, president Lithuanian of impeachment around developments 2003 The in also traced be can elites previous of importance The beenprioritized. on position of developments include of prioritization its expanding Republic. Czech mor where CEE, the in country only the is Poland strategic a to points and Moscow.”in decision overwhelming is states Baltic the and Poland Slovakia, Hungary, (2006). h Paper Wilson Woodrow Washington: Prospects. and Problem Relationship:

ttp://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/18932/ (accessed 8, 2013). June (accessed ttp://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/18932/ Keith C. Smith, “Current implication “Current Keith Smith, C. probe,” KGB “MPdemands in theBaltic Influence Russian Soft Power: and Coercion “Legacies, AgniaGrigas, Euro and States Baltic “The StephenBlank, R ussian ,

(2012). who worked in Latvia in worked who

ifrn pirtztos f nry euiy hn okn a te w infrastructural two the at looking when security energy of prioritizations different cen

a cnrc etnin hc cno b se be cannot which extension contract gas

Odessa ter and energy –

and an entry point for Russian money into the EU the into money Russian for point entry an and

the plans to build Norway build to plans the

oad can Poland

allegations of collaborat of allegations oad a be eteey aeu aot t engagement its about careful extremely been has Poland - Brody options, but also engaging also but options, 671

The Baltic Times Baltic The (Plock) pipeline in 2007 2007 in pipeline (Plock)

e lo traced also be the country’s the

s of Russian energy policies,” policies,” energy ofRussian s 673

Russia even sent former KGB former sent even Russia - , January 10, 2007, 10, 2007, , January Atlantic Enlargement,” Enlargement,” Atlantic ion of high of ion - Poland pipeline in 2003 in pipeline Poland Te atclr ae th cases particular The . geographical position, bridging Russia and the west, the and Russia bridging position, geographical 223

with Russia with

Center For Scholars Center e respondents saw Russia as Russia saw respondents e is 674 -

also ranking Lithuanian diplomats with KGB with diplomats Lithuanian ranking Latvia, another Baltic state, is not only a a only not is state, Baltic another Latvia, n s nry euiy nacn. Polish enhancing. security energy as en all of the Baltic post Baltic the of all Center for Strategic and International Studies and Strategic for Center Sabina A. Sabina an example an , but t but ,

nldn cocs ae during made choices including

(2003). he variation in variation he . A . - M. Auger, The Transatlantic Transatlantic The M. Auger,

, operative,

and concurrent negotiation concurrent and studied be could at ccording to a former KGB KGB former a to ccording

States,” States,” when energy security has has security energy when

- soviet countries. soviet Chatham House Briefing Chatham

as it an ideal entry ideal an it

a threat than in in than threat a s an energy security energy

ih Russia, with ambassador ambassador

would would 12

672

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 678 677 676 675 Dimitrova. Europeanization of context the within narratives policy competing of perspective Plant, Power Nuclear Kozloduy the of decommissioning Russia caseBulg ofin loyalties Personal made.” are that decisions […and] [policy] the determine corruption, to lead to continue apparatus communist repressive Bulgari on experts investigated, further be to need would policy security energy tumultuous Bulgarian on effect particular Although astonishing. been has history political recent Bulgaria’s in service secret communist former the threat. perception Although the and elites former of links the east, south the to Further Simm. Hermann history NATO in spydamaging” most “theof case in visible Balt of challenge the and links former of importance US.” the and Europe to people their send to trampoline, a like Latvia use services security Bulgarian Foreign Policy and Transport and Energy Infrastructure Policy” (Central European University, 2008). University, European (Central Policy” Infrastructure Energy and Transport and Policy Foreign Bulgarian 2013). http://www.dw.de/bulgaria betrayed Spy,” Damaging’ 8, 2013). June (accessed The Guardian

DW, “Bulgaria Explores Officials’ Ties to Communist Secret Service,” Service,” Secret to Ties Communist Officials’ Explores DW, “Bulgaria “Bet Ulrich, Andreas and Schmid Fidelius politics business, for playground Russia’s “Latvia: Harding, Luke egn Dmtoa “rm rgt ih t Baku: h Influe The Blackout: to Light Bright “From Dimitrova, Gergana

S backed backed till variation in the country’s prioritization o prioritization country’s the in variation till - new Bulgarians were throughout the transition history the second most friendly in their their in friendly most second the history transition the throughout were Bulgarians s 678

, January 23, 2013, http://www.guardia 23, 2013, , January of Russia (after Slovenians) as only around five around only as Slovenians) (after Russia of -

documents

aria are construction atconstruction arearia oten a corridor. gas Southern Spiegel Online Spiegel 676

- reveal - explo , April 30, 2010, http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/betrayer April 2010, 30, ,

- truth res

- - officials on - nato rayer and Betrayed: New Documents Reveal Truth on NATO’s ‘Most ‘Most on NATO’s Truth Reveal Documents New Betrayed: and rayer the Belene nuclear power plant, and plant, power nuclear Belene the Additional case for study of Bulgarian energy policy is is policy energy Bulgarian of study for case Additional - - a note that “informal networks that were linked to the the to linked were that networks “informal that note a ties s - most - to n.co.uk/world/2013/jan/23/latvia - communist - 2 damaging 24 677

The particular two cases that could be studied studied be could that cases two particular The f energy security energy f - - spy c tts o noe te ws painfully was them uncover to states ic secret – account

and crime | World news | guardian.co.uk,” guardian.co.uk,” newsWorld | | crime and - a per cent per -

nce of the Europeanization Paradigm on on Paradigm Europeanization the of nce 691817.html (accessed J (accessed 691817.html - – DW.DE service/a

Estonia’s r nlec cn e rcd also. traced be can influence ir

of which of

, March 14, 2008, 14, 2008, , March of -

3185229 can be traced. be can respondent saw Russia as Russia saw respondent

defense ministry official defenseministry - russian , vacillating vacillating

from a from - 1 (accessed June 9, June (accessed 1 - une 8, 2013). une playground playground ,

constructivist is offered by by offered is

- The role of of role The support and - 675

The for

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 679 be would and research this conducted T contribute This security. energy influenced industries also I agency ofisolatefactors further to pursuing, worth topic a be would This security. energy in outcome policy to priority polic from path detailed the systematically studied not have I dissertation this In study. further dissertation, this by generated questions additional are There Suggestions Research for Future energysecurity done absence contacts my occasions, different at communis former of linkages personal of importance high confirmed Bulgaria and have Romania I Latvia, interviews Estonia, personal in the conducted from Nonetheless, languages. local the of understanding and question in countries the of knowledge intimate require would research project explanatory in require would applicability the of test the As presidentofenergy linksIliescu, P emerged. has energy rol their and elites former of linkages the dependent, energy less much is Romania While Transition Politics Transition in Post Influence Wars: Russian Energy to ofInfluence Sandhurst, Academy, Military Royal Centre, Research (Conflict Studies e ot o trade of costs he

Virgil George Baleanu, Baleanu, Virgil George . F . did not provide not did . Research into elite linkages, availability of proxy data on linkages, and in and linkages, on data proxy of availability linkages, elite into Research . or and

both not only toonlyenergy not securityliterature

model type of lustration of type

, 24, no. 3 (2008): 386 (2008): 3 24, no.

shaping of structural economic reforms in the country, including prioritizationof country,including the in reforms structuraleconomic of shaping and theparticularandw

beyond the three countries that I study I that countries three the beyond - fs n nry euiy roiiain is prioritization security energy in offs A clear and present danger to democracy: The new Romanian Security Services are stillare watching Services Security ThenewRomanian democracy: todanger present and A clear

details of what is the path of of path the is what of details rl a a domesti a as artly , and particular veto players and catalystsandplayersparticular veto and ,

implemented, – who studiwho 414. ays how corruptionaysplayedhow out.

f atclr interest particular of pltcl s political c ed at Moscow’sated energywere institute,discussed 225 and the way how coping with the past has been been has past the with coping how way the and topic ,

- - but the field of politicaleconomybut theoffield as well. Communist Romania,” Romania,” Communist depth research, m research, depth

influence is rgl, hn lee KB n Russian and KGB alleged when truggle, ot suyn and studying worth

1996); Theodor Tudoroiu, “From Spheres Spheres “From Tudoroiu, Theodor 1996); cannot be ev be cannot

o ftr study future for a question that emerged while I I while emerged that question a and which in energy security prioritization. prioritization. energysecurity in y claim for applicability of the of applicability for claim y

how concentration how Journal of Communist Studies and and Studies of Communist Journal t elites t

provide opportunity for for opportunity provide idenced in the current the in idenced , effects of effects , ol potentially would I i mr cost more it Is :

rfrby also preferably - depth country depth

of energy of presence, presence,

679

in e y - CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW provideexperiencelessons would E evidencebeyondandand Central far capture state of tragedy st more much risk a is capture state that transition in countries the in out played corruption institutional this differently how financial through also influence wield energy in interests business that transition, during especially rational, thus is It politicalenvironment. andregulatory regime stability of requires industry emerged.Energysector security energy of study the throughout Finally, thispursuingbut researchpolicies,worthinthefuture, is policyasitsrelevance is welfare? returns see can they as similarly investment on return public these securi energy in change should How received? benefits the with commensurate “security” for paid cost the Is competiveness? and of efficiency increase and reform gradual to commit rather or transition the of beginning the at prices industry pressur to completelythe expose to effective governments for d te ah o sae atr in capture state of paths the udy I have not a not have I - od nacn plce, ht r csl i sot u, o ht ulc a se the see can public that so run, short in costly are that policies, enhancing good ttempted precise ttempted

and opaque and has been has

me played out, but one of the most revealing. revealing. most the of one but out, played detail quantification ans prevalent

if they are available to them to available are they if Eeg sco i ol oe f h sae wee the where stages the of one only is sector Energy . 226 ty be measured, and how can how and measured, be ty ,

h poiec o corru of prominence the uig transition during

of both costs and benefits of energy security energy of benefitsand costs both of

n nrae n cnmc fiiny or efficiency economic in increase on i wud e otwie to worthwhile be would it , es of world . Nonetheless, given Nonetheless, . asternEurope. to i te energy the in ption politicians pursue pursue politicians Building on this on Building especiallyhigh - market energymarket

and the fact the and

both both .

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart A PPENDIX 2 : Timeline of:changesTimeline governments in :

C OMPARATIVE ASPECTS 227

(Czech Republic, Slovakia,Hungary) Republic, (Czech

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart Chart Fundamentals 10000 12000 14000 2000 4000 6000 8000 % of GDP 0 100.00 4 3 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 : Comparison of FDI inflows:ComparisonFDI of :Comparisondebtexternal of 0.00 1993 1994

1995 1996 (OECDdata USD, millions 1997 FDI FDI inflow Total World 1998 External Debt

1999 (EBRD) 228

2000

2001 2002

2003

2004 2005 2006 SLK HUN CZE SK HU CZ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart -25 -15 15 25 35 -5 5 5 : FDI Inwardflows:FDI fromRussian Federation 1998 CZ HU SK InwardflowsFDI fromFederationRussian 1999 2000 USD Millions USD Millions (OECD, 2013) 2001 229

2002

2003

2004

2005 2006

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW popularcountri Chart 1000 1200 1000 1000 1200 -800 -600 -400 -200 -600 -400 -200 -800 -600 -400 -200 200 400 600 800 200 400 600 800 200 400 600 800 0 0 0 6 : Inward FDI flows flows FDI Inward : 1993 1993 1993 VirginIslands, British Cyprus Netherlands VirginIslands, British VirginIslands, Cyprus Netherlands VirginIslands, British VirginIslands, Cyprus Netherlands 1994 1994 1994 es of incorporationof Russianfor businesspeople.es

1995 1995 1995 HU SK CZ Inflow FDI 1996 1996 1996 Inflow FDI 1997 1997 Inflow FDI 1997 to Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia from three most three from Slovakia and Hungary Republic, Czech to

1998 1998 1998

1999 1999 1999

2000 2000 2000 (OECD dataUSD, millions) (OECD dataUSD, millions) (OECD dataUSD, millions) 230 2001 2001 2001

2002 2002 2002

2003 2003 2003

2004 2004 2004

2005 2005 2005

2006 2006 2006

2007 2007 2007

2008 2008 2008

2009 2009 2009

2010 2010 2010

2011 2011 2011

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 680 Chart Chart 10 10 15 20 25 2013). -6 -4 -2

The World Bank, “Data”, 2012, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD (accessed April 7, (accessed http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD 2012, “Data”, Bank, WorldThe 0 2 4 6 8 0 5

8 7

1993 1996M01 : Annual GDP:GrowthAnnual data:CzechSlovakiaUnemploymentforHungaryand Republic, 1996M06 1996M11 1994 1997M04 1997M09

1995 1998M02 1998M07

1998M12 Slovak Republic Slovak 1996

1999M05 680 1999M10 Annual Annual

1997 2000M03 Unemployment Unemployment 2000M08 % (Eurostat) definition ILO

1998 2001M01 2001M06 GDP GDP Growth 231 2001M11 Czech Republic Czech 1999 2002M04 2002M09

2000 2003M02 2003M07

2001 2003M12 2004M05

2004M10 Hungary 2002 2005M03 2005M08 2003

Slovakia Hungary Republic Czech 2004 2005

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart Chart Threat Perception 10 20 30 40 50 60 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 0 10 9 % see Russia as threat (PEW as threat Russia % see 1991 % RU as % RU 1991 :Res threat (PEW) threat : Popular perceptions of Russia in 1991Russiaperceptionsin of : Popular negative influence or threat Data: PEW and NEB pondentsseeingRussianegativeoraseitherinfluence threat Q39) % ofrespondents seeing Russia either as 1991 popular 1991 popular perceptions data) (PEW seeing Russia as Russia seeing 1992 (NEB II) % II) (NEB 1992

threat % see Russia as negative Russia % see influence (PEW Q21a) (PEW influence 1996 (NEB IV)% (NEB 1996 seeing Russia as Russia seeing threat 232

seeing Russia as Russia seeing 1998 (NEB V)% (NEB 1998 threat % see Russia as positive Russia % see influence (PEW Q21a) (PEW influence 2004 (NEB VII) % VII) (NEB 2004 seeing Russia as Russia seeing threat

CZ SK HU CZ HU SK

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart Chart

% seeing as real threat % seeing as real threat 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 20 40 60 80 0 12 11 0 : Threat perception in CEE (NEB IICEE1992)perception(NEBin Threat : : ThreatCEEperception in Do Do you think any ofthese a realpose threat to Do Do you think any ofthese a realpose threat to peace peace and security in this society? peace peace and security in this society? Ethnic Ethnic minorities Russia – (NEB II1992) (NEB1992) II

non - immigrants countrythreatsII1992)(NEB 233 Germany

neighboring states USA

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart Chart 15 25 35 45 55 65 10 20 30 40 50 60 -5 0 5 14 13 : Share of thoseShareofcountries : named perceivingthreat in as Typesthreatofin: Czechperceived Republic, SlovakiaHungaryand Do Do you think any ofthese a realpose threat Czech to peace and security in this society? CZ Russia minorities Ethnic Perception of threat NEB IV 1996 (NEB II1992) Germany immigrants SK Slovak 234

USA states neighboring 1996 HU Hungary

USA DE RU

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Germany,Russia.or USA, Chart Chart

Axis Title 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00% 15 0.00% 16 : Share of thoseShareofcountries 2004: named perceivingthreat in as : % of those that that those of % : 1992 Perception of threat NEB V1998

do not do (neighbors, USA, DE, RUS) No No External Threat

perceive external threat external perceive 1996 235

1998

from neighboring countries, neighboring from

2004 28. USA 28. Germany 28b. 28a.Russia HU SK CZ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart Chart 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00% 0.00% 5.00% Axis Title 100.00% 18 17 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 80.00% 90.00% 0.00% : Numberexternalofthreats: identified those%thatof : CZ 1992 Number externalof Number threats NEB92 do not do

see majorseepowers threatas No No External Threat (USA, DE, RUS) (USA, 1996 236 SK

(Russia, Germany, USA)Germany,(Russia, 1998

(USA, Germany,Russia)or(USA,

2004

3 2 1 HU SK CZ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart threats)external Chart 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00% 50.00% 0.00% 5.00% % 10 20 30 40 50 20 0 19 : Developments in:Developmentspopularperceptionsthreat of : Measure of fear i fear of Measure : 1992 1992

1 - 2 ext threat (neighbors included) (big/some) (big/some) Threat: Russia n general n 1996 1996

(Share of respondents that have identified 1 or 2 or 1 identified have that respondents of (Share 237

1998 1998

(NEB data) (NEB 2004

2004

HU 2 threats HU 2 threats SK 2 threats CZ 2 threat HU 1 threat SK 1 threat CZ 1 Hungary Slovak Czech

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart Chart 10 15 20 25 10 15 20 25 0 5 22 21 : Affinity towardsAffinity : 1991Russiain : Affinity towards:Affinity 2001 Russiain Affinity towards Russia (NEB VI 2001) % see % see Russia as positive influence % see Russia as positive influence (PEW Q21a) (PEW influence as positive Russia % see (PEW 1991Q21a)

Russia 238

CZ SK HU SVK CZ HU

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW K/PB Confident,K/TS, Chart RulingElites withthe Regime Previous Links Chart 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0% 5% 0 23 24 1990 United States United : Affinity towards:Affinity general countriesin : Ministers recorded in the communist the in recorded Ministers : 1991 % ofministers registered by ŠTB governmentin 1992 1993 Affinity perception (NEB VI, 2001) European Union European – 1994 (categories D,A, K/TS,K/PB)

candidates of collaborationcandidatesof holdersagencyapartments).or of 1995 1996 1997 Norway and Norway Switzerland 239 1998

1999 secret service databases service secret 2000 European countries European Other Cen. E. Cen. Other 2001

2002 2003

2004

(A Russia 2005 –

Agent; D D Agent; 2006

– SK CZ SVK CZ HU

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart statecatego Chart 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 0% 26 25 1990 :TotalvisitsnumberRussiaofwith : Ministers : Number Number of visits between 1993 1991 riesundersurveillance).(people 1992 surveyed 1993 % ofMinisters Surveilled by ŠTB 1994 (Enemy of the state categories)

by the past communist secret service service secret communist past the by 1995 HU, 28 HU, 1996

1997 SK, 29 240

(1993

1998

- 2005) 1999 CZ, 30 CZ, 2000

- 2005 2001

2002

EOS

2003 –

2004 enemy of the the of enemy CZ-EOS SK-EOS 2005 2006

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 681 Chart Chart 10 12 14 VY zoznam_zmluv_podla_statov&CSTATE=RUSKO&OpenDocument=Y&LANG=SK&PAGE_VSETKYZMLU aster&URL=/App/WCM/main.nsf/vw_ByID/medzinarodne_zmluvy http://www.mzv.sk/servlet/content?MT=/App/WCM/main.nsf/vw_ByID/zahranicna_ n.d., Rusko”, štátov: podľa zmlúv “Zoznam http://www.kulugyminiszterium.hu/szerzodes/main.aspx. “CO ofHungary, http://www.mzv.cz/jnp/cz/encyklopedie_statu/evropa/ru n.d., Russia]”, and Republic Czech between treaties ofinternational [List Rusko republikou:

Data from from Data 0 2 4 6 8 - DWMCEA 1993 28 27 :TotaltreatiesRussianumberofwith :Numbero Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Czech Republic, “Seznam platných mezinárodních smluv s Českou ssmluvČeskou platnýchmezinárodních “Seznam Republic, ofCzech Affairs ofForeign Ministry 1994 Total bilateral treaties between Russia and... - 7XEM76=4. NTRACT Web: Szerződés Web: NTRACT 1995 Number of treatiesof Number betweenand… Russia f bilateralf treaties

1996

1997 CZ, 35 CZ, HU, 24 HU, - nyilvántartó Rendszer”, n.d., n.d., Rendszer”, nyilvántartó 1998 (1993

(compiledfromandsources)MFAspublic

1999 241 - 2005)

; and ; and

sko/smlouvy/index.html. (1993 2000 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Slovak Republic, Republic, Slovak of Affairs MinistryofForeign - SK, 67 2005 2001

681 ) 2002

2003 ; Ministry of Foreign Affairs Affairs ofForeign Ministry _politika&TG=BlankM 2004

2005

HU CZ SK

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart Chart 0 1 2 3 10 12 14 16 18 0 2 4 6 8 1993 30 29 :Staterepresentation visitsoflevel accordingto :Highest visits level 1994 President/PM 1995 Presidential/Prime 1996 Total state visits 1990 in

1997 1998 Head of Parliament of Head 1999 242

2000 - minister's visits 2001

- 2002 2005 2003

MFA

2004 2005 HU SK CZ HU SK CZ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart Industrial Interests 0 1 2 3 1994 C Mining and C Mining 31 Quarrying : Numberstrikesoflockouts: and

1996 LABORSTA Statistics Labour Database (ILO 2013)

Strikes and lockouts by economic activity CZ and Water Supply Water and E Electricity, Gas Electricity, E

1991

1992 C Mining and C Mining Quarrying 1997

1998

by economicby torelatedenergy activity 243

HU 1995

and Water Supply Water and E Electricity, Gas Electricity, E

1999

2004 1992

C Mining and C Mining Quarrying

SK and Water Supply Water and E Electricity, Gas Electricity, E

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW energy torelated Chart

Workers involved (Thousands) 11 13 15 17 19 -1 3 5 7 9 1 32 Nme o wres novd n tie ad lockouts and strikes in involved workers of Number : C Mining and C Mining Quarrying

CZ Gas and Water Gas E Electricity, E Supply Strikes and lockouts by economic activity LABORSTA LabourStatistics Database (ILO 2013) C Mining and C Mining Quarrying 244 HU Gas and Water Gas

E Electricity, E Supply C Mining and C Mining Quarrying

y cnmc activity economic by SK Gas and Water Gas E Electricity, E Supply 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW industries Chart CZ HU SK 23 Coke, Refined Petroleum Products and 23 Coke, Refined Petroleum Products and 23 Coke, Refined Petroleum Products and 26 Other Non¬Metallic Mineral Products 26 Other Non¬Metallic Mineral Products 26 Other Non¬Metallic Mineral Products 33 24 Chemicals and Chemical Products 24 Chemicals and Chemical Products 24 Chemicals and Chemical Products Epomn i eeg itnie industries intensive energy in Employment :

25 Rubber and Plastics Products 25 Rubber and Plastics Products 25 Rubber and Plastics Products Average paid employment specific in industrial Nuclear Fuel Nuclear Fuel Nuclear Fuel (% of total(% 1993manufacturing LABORSTA LABORSTA Labour Statistics Database (ILO 2013) 27 Basic Metals 27 Basic Metals 27 Basic Metals 0.0% sectors 245

1.0% 2.0%

3.0% s hr o manufacturing of share as - 2005) 4.0%

5.0%

6.0% 7.0% 8.0%

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 682 Chart Chart of Industry Structure 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.2 Division, “UN Comtrade.” Division, “UN consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer,

Eurostat and European C European and Eurostat 20% 25% 10% 15% 0 1 0% 5% 35 34 1993 : Energy intensityselected:Energy of industrial sectors SlovakRepublic in : Share of:metallurgicShare exports onproduction 1992 1994 1993 Share ofMetallurgic Production on Export Energy intensity of Total Industrial Export 1995 1994 ommission, “Energy & Transport in Figures 2006: Part 2: Energy”; Eurostat Eurostat 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures in Transport & “Energy ommission,

1996 1995 (kTOE/M$ (kTOE/M$ of SITC TOTAL Exports) (eurostat + UNCOMTRADE)

1996 1997 1997 1998 (SITC 66,67,68) -

all products products all 1998 1999 246

1999 2000 -

annual data [nrg_100a]”; United Nations Statistics United [nrg_100a]”; data annual

2000

2001 2001 2002 2002

2003 2003 2004 682 2004

2005 2005 -

Data Data SK HU CZ 2006 2005 SK HU CZ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 683 country)securethe Chart Energy Security Indices Chart 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 10.5

Le Coq and Paltseva, “Measuring the security of external ofexternal thesecurity “Measuring Paltseva, and Coq Le 0.00 0.5 1.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 36 37 51.90 1992 : Measure of increase in the:metallurgicMeasureincreaseefficiencyin exportsectors ofof : Combined REES Index of Energy (i Energy of Index REES Combined : Hungary 50.20 (SITC 66+67+68+69) (kTOE/M$ of SITC TOTAL Exports) (Data Eurostat UNCOMTRADE) Eurostat & (Data Exports) TOTAL SITCof (kTOE/M$ 66+67+68+69)(SITC

1993

Slovakia Energy intensity of metallurgic export sectors

Lithuania 1994 (Le Coq & Paltseva, 2009; the lower the value the higher the the higher security) lower value Paltseva, the & the Coq2009; the (Le 683 Bulgaria

1995 Latvia REES Index of Energy (in)security

Romania 1996

Austria 17.30

Czech Republic 1997

1998 Greece 14.20 AVERAGE

1999

247 Finland energy supply in the European Union.” European supplyin the energy

Estonia 2000 n)security Italy Portugal 2001

Poland 2002

(the lower the value the more the value the lower (the Germany Spain 2003

Slovenia 2004 Belgium

2005 The Netherlands

2006 France Sweden

UnitedKingdom Denmark Ireland SK HU CZ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 685 684 Chart thesecuremorethe value country) Chart 10 12 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00

Röller, Delgado, and Friederiszick, “Energy: choices for Europe.” for choices “Energy: Friederiszick, and Delgado, Röller, Ibid. 0 2 4 6 8 0.00 5.00

39 38 : : REES Index of Energy (in)security Energy of Index REES : EnergyIndex Policy

Hungary REES Index of Energy (in)security Slovakia Lithuania (Le Coq & Paltseva, 2009; the lower the value the higher the security) the higher the value lower the the 2009; Paltseva, & Coq (Le Bulgaria EnergyPolicy Indexindex)(combined Latvia

Romania

(Röller & Delgado & Friederiszick 2007). Friederiszick & Delgado & (Röller

Austria (the higher(thethethevaluesecurity) higherthe Czech Republic 684

Greece AVERAGE 248 Finland

for gas and oil separately (the lower the the lower (the separately oil and gas for Estonia Italy Natural Gas Natural

Portugal Poland Gas Gas & oil sub

Germany

Spain Slovenia Oil

Belgium -

indices

685 The…

France

Sweden UnitedKingdom

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 686 Chart 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 Supply/Demand Index Quantification for EU for Index Quantification Supply/Demand

Scheepers et al., “EU Standards for Energy Security ofSupply Security Energy for “EU al., Standards et Scheepers 40 :Supply/Demandsecurity index

64.4

S/D energy security indexsecurity S/D energy

- (Scheepers, et al. 2007) etal. (Scheepers, 27.”

(the higher the value the higher(thevaluethesecurity) higherthe the 249

- Updates on Updates 54.8

the Crisis Capability Index and the Index and theCrisisCapability

50.6

686

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 687 Chart annual data [nrg_100a].” data annual Eurostat 2: Energy”; Part 2006: inFigures Transport & “Energy European Commission, and Eurostat Statistics”; “Energy Eurostat, 9, 2010); June (accessed energy_review_2008/STAGING/loca http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_

Own calculations based on data from from data on based Owncalculations Poland 41 : Asymmetryimportsof: energy

Asymmetry of natural gas imports

100% BP&Eurostat data 2008 25% 50% 75% 0% l_assets/2010_downloads/Statistical_Review_of_World_Energy_2010.xls l_assets/2010_downloads/Statistical_Review_of_World_Energy_2010.xls BP, “Statistical Review of World Energy 2010”, 2010, 2010, 2010”, Energy ofWorld Review “Statistical BP, Republic Hungary Czech -

Data Explorer, “Supply, transform “Supply, Explorer, Data 687

250

4.66%

ation, consumption consumption ation, Slovakia 5.76%

4.27% Inland Consumption Inland on Gross gas imported % of exports pipeline Russian on imports % of Russia from imports pipeline % of

3.63% -

all products products all

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 688 Chart Transit Infrastructure Diversification C 0 1 2 3 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% Data Explorer, “Supply, transformation, consumption consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer, Data Eurostat Energy”; 2: Part 2006: inFigures Transport & “Energy Commission, European and Eurostat Statistics”; hart

Own calculations based on data from from data on based Owncalculations 0.00% 5.00% 1990 43 42 % of imports on Russian pipeline exports pipeline Russian on imports % of :Asymmetryimportsof energy :importNumberphysicalgaspipelinesof 1991 5.76% 1992 Hungary 31.67% Asymmetry of natural gas imports 1993

1994

1995

BP&Eurostatdata 2008 BP, “Statistical Review of World Energy 2010”; Eurostat, “Energy “Energy Eurostat, 2010”; Energy ofWorld Review “Statistical BP, 3.63% 1996 Slovakia Number Number of Gas interconnectors 27.56% 1997

688

1998 251 - % of imported gas on Gross Inland Consumption Inland on Gross gas imported % of

all products products all

1999

Czech Republic Czech 4.27% 2000 -

annual data [nrg_100a].” data annual 14.51% 2001

2002

2003

4.66% 2004 Poland

8.42% 2005

SK HU CZ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 689 Chart Supplier Diversification Market Chart 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 0.5 1.5 2.5

Own calculations based on on based Owncalculations 1 2 1990 1990 45 44 : Number of physical oil import:pipelinesNumberphysicaloil of :Numberpartnersimportsof oil for 1991 1991 1992 1992 1993 HU SK CZ 1993 Number Number of oil importing sources United Nations Statistics Division, “UN Comtrade.” “UN Division, Statistics Nations United 1994

Number Number of oil interconnectors 1994

1995 1995 1996 1996 [SITC Rev.2 code code 33] Rev.2 [SITC 1997

1997 252 1998 689

1999 1998

2000 1999

2001 2000 2002

Data. 2001 2003

2002

2004

2003 2005 2004 2005 SK HU CZ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 690 Chart Chart 10 15 20 25

Own calculations based on on based Owncalculations 0 5 Value of HH index 10000 1990 47 46 7000 8000 9000 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 :Numberpartnersof importsgasfor :Con 0 HH HH index for market ofimported oil and gas(SITC 1991 1994 centration 1992 1995 1993 Number Number of gas importing sources 1996 Ibid.

1994 ofmarketandgasoil compared

data 1997

1995

1998 1996 1999 [SITC Rev.2 code code 34] Rev.2 [SITC 1997 33 &34) 253 2000 1998 690

1999 2001

2000 2002

2001 2003 2002 2004 2003 2005 2004

2005 OIL HH -SK HH OIL -HU HH OIL -CZ HH OIL -SK HH GAS -HU HH GAS -CZ HH GAS HU SK CZ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 691 denotessecurity)higherenergy Chart Chart 10 10 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 7 000 8 000 9 000 2 000 all products products all Euros Statistics”; “Energy Eurostat, 2:Energy”; Part

Own calculations based on on based Owncalculations Axis Title 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 48 500 49 :Marketconcentration importsgasfor 0 Sae f estvt t gs akt concentration market gas to sensitivity of Scale : 1990 -

annual data [nrg_100a].” data annual 1991 1992 Scale of Sensitivity to Gas Market Concentration

1993 Gas marketimport concentration Ibid.; Eurostat and European Commission, “Energy & Transport in Figures 2006: 2006: inFigures Transport & “Energy Commission, European and Eurostat Ibid.;

1994 HHI * share of imported gas on consumption gross on gas imported * of share HHI

1995 (THE HERFINDAHL (THE

Data. 1996

1997 1998 tat

254 1999 -

- Data Explorer, “Supply, transformation, consumption consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer, Data HIRSCHMAN INDEX) HIRSCHMAN

2000 (higher value meansless(highercompetition). value 2001 2002 2003

o gs imports gas for

2004 2005

2006

2007 2008

(low value value (low 2010 data data 2010 COMTRADE UN and 2009 Eurostat 2010data UN COMTRADE 2009Eurostat and

691 -

SK CZ HU SK CZ HU

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 692 denotessecurity)higherenergy Chart Chart 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 Data Explorer, “Supply, transformation, consumption consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer, Data & “Energy Commission,

Own calculations based on on based Owncalculations Axis Title 0 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 50 200 400 600 800 51 :Marketconcentration imports oil for 0 Sae f estvt t ol akt concentration market oil to sensitivity of Scale :

Transport in Figures 2006: Part 2: Energy”; Eurostat, “Energy Statistics”; Eurostat Eurostat Statistics”; “Energy Eurostat, 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures Transport in Oil Import Oil Import Market Concentration United Nations Statistics Division, “UN Comtrade”; Eurostat and European and Eurostat Comtrade”; “UN Division, Statistics Nations United

HHI * share of imported oil on consumption on gross oil imported * of share HHI Oil Market Concentration

(THE HERFINDAHL (THE

255 -

all products products all - HIRSCHMAN INDEX) HIRSCHMAN

(higher value meansless(highercompetition). value -

annual data [nrg_100a].” data annual

o gs im gas for

ports (low value value (low ports

Data.

2010 data COMTRADE UNand Eurostat 2009 2010 data COMTRADE UN2009 and Eurostat -

692

SK CZ HU SK CZ HU

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 694 693 Chart Energy Mix fromaverage)shareHH*importedV3on gross consumption (difference Chart -0.5 -0.3 -0.1 [nrg_100a].” Eurostat Statistics”; consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer, Data Eurostat Statistics”; “Energy Eurostat, 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures Transport & in “Energy Commission,

0.3 0.5 0.7 0.1 Eurostat and European Commission, “Energy & Transport in Figures 2006: Part 2: Energy”; Eurostat, “Energy “Energy Eurostat, 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures in Transport & “Energy Commission, European and Eurostat on based Owncalculations Axis Title 10% 20% 30% 40% 53 1994 52 : Share ofon:naturalgasconsumptionShareinland Cmaio o gs akt ocnrto fco o eeg security energy on factor concentration market gas of Comparison :

Comparison Comparison of Gas Market Concentration on 1995

Share ofGas on Gross Inland Consumption -

Data Explorer, “Supply, “Supply, Explorer, Data 1996 United Nation United

1997 (% Difference from V3 average of of V3 average from Difference (%

1998 Energy Security s Statistics Division, “UN Comtrade”; Eurostat and European and Eurostat Comtrade”; “UN Division, sStatistics (Eurostat data) transformation, consumption consumption transformation, 1999 256 -

all products products all 2000

2001 694 -

HH*share) annual data [nrg_10 data annual

2002

all products products all

2003 2004 0a].” -

annual data data annual 693

Data.

2005

SK CZ HU SK HU CZ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 695 Chart Chart 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 15% 25% 35% [nrg_100a].” Eurostat Statistics”;

Eurostat and European Commission, “Energy & Transport in Figures 2006: Part 2: Energy”; Eurostat 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures in Transport & “Energy Commission, European and Eurostat 5% 1990 55 54 1990 : Share of:importedinlandShare onnaturalgasconsumption : Share of oil on inland consumptionofinland:oilShareon 1991

1991 1992 Share ofOilon Gross Inland Consumption 1992 -

Data Explorer, “Supply, transformation, consumption consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer, Data Share ofImported on Gas Gross Inland 1993 1993 1994

1994 1995

1996 1995 (Eurostat data) 1997 (Eurostat data) Consumption Consumption 1996 1998 1997 257 1999

1998 2000 2001 1999 2002

2000 - 2003

all products products all 695 2001 2004

2005 2002 -

annual data data annual 2006 2003 2007

2004 , “Energy , “Energy 2005 SK HU CZ SK HU CZ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 696 Chart Chart 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% [nrg_100a].” Eurostat Statistics”;

Eurostat and European Commission, “Ene Commission, European and Eurostat Axis Title 10% 15% 20% 25% 57 56 1990 : Share of:importedonShareconsumptioninland oil : Share of:importedoilShareonconsumption andgasinland 1990

1991 Share ofimported gas and oil grosson inland 1991 1992 -

Data Explorer, “Supply, transformation, consumption consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer, Data Share ofimported oil on gross inland 1992 1993 1993

consumption consumption (Eurostat data) consumption consumption (Eurostat data) 1994 1994

1995 1995 1996 rgy & Transport in Figures 2006: Part 2: Energy”; Eurostat, “Energy “Energy Eurostat, 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures in Transport & rgy 1996 1997 1997 258 1998 1998

1999 1999 2000

2000 2001 2001 -

all products products all 2002 696 2002

2003

2003 -

annual data data annual 2004 2004 2005 2005 SK HU CZ SK HU CZ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 698 697 Chart Chart Energy Prices 0.50% 0.75% 1.00% 1.25% 1.50% 1.75% 2.00% 2.25% 2.50% 2.75% 3.00% 3.25% 3.50%

Own calculations based on on based Owncalculations IEA/OECD, 10.00 11.00 12.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 7.00 8.00 9.00 59 58 1990 : Reported gas import:gasReported prices :ofValueimportsgas GDP shareofas Natural Gas Pipeline Prices intoImport Europe 1991 Natural gas information 2009 information gas Natural 2004 1992

Austria Germany Slovakia Hungary Czech 1993 Value of Imported Gas as Share ofGDP United Nations Statistics Division, “UN Comtrade”; The World Bank, “Data.” World The Comtrade”; “UN Division, Statistics Nations United

1994

1995 (USD/MBtu 2005 1996 .

1997 2004 (UN COMTRADE and WB data) WB and (UN COMTRADE 1998 - 2007 (formethodology)2007 259 1999

698 2006 -

2000 IEAdata) 2001 2002 2003

2007 697 2004

2005

2008

Slovakia Hungary Rep. Czech

Data.

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 700 699 Chart UNcalculations COMTRADEMydata.basedon Chart 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 -25% -20% -15% -10% http://www.interfax.com/txt.asp?rbr=9 (accessed April 2013). 7, (accessed http://www.interfax.com/txt.asp?rbr=9 consumption transformation, Eurostat 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures Transport & in “Energy Commission,

10% 15% Interfax, Interfax, Euros “EnergyStatistics”; Eurostat, Comtrade”; “UN Division, Statistics Nations United -5% 0% 5% 61 60 : Crossborder: pricesgas : Comparison of import gas prices in Czech Republic, Hungary and Slovakia. Slovakia. and Hungary Republic, Czech in prices gas import of Comparison : 1994 Gas market data (computer file received from EON Gas Hungary) Gas EON from file (computer received data market Gas (% difference from average of V3) Price calculated as quotiet of VALUE (UN VALUE of as quotiet calculated Price V3) of fromaverage difference (% 1995 Cross border gas (Interfax prices data) Comparison Comparison of calculated prices 1996 -

all products products all

CzechRep. 1997 700 comtrade)/VOLUME (Eurostat) comtrade)/VOLUME

annual data [nrg_100a].” data annual 1998 260

1999 699 Hungary

, n.d., 2000

- 2001

Data Explorer, “Supply, “Supply, Explorer, Data Slovakia 2002 tat and European tat and

2003 2004 CZ SK DE HU

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 702 701 Chart Chart 100 120 140 160 180 200 100 150 200 250 transformation, consumption consumption transformation, Eurostat 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures Transport & in “Energy Commission, consumptio transformation, Eurostat 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures Transport & in “Energy Commission,

United Nations Statistics Division, “UN Comtrade”; Eurostat, “Energy Statistics”; Eurostat and European and Eurostat “EnergyStatistics”; Eurostat, Comtrade”; “UN Division, Statistics Nations United European and Eurostat “EnergyStatistics”; Eurostat, Comtrade”; “UN Division, Statistics Nations United 20 40 60 80 50 0 0 63 62 1990 :Calculatedaverageimportgasprices 1994 :Calculatedgas importprices 1990 1991 Gas (value/volume)Gas Price USD/MTOE averages 1994-1997 1992 Calculated as quotiet of VALUE (UN comtrade)/VOLUME (Eurostat) comtrade)/VOLUME (UN VALUE of as quotiet Calculated 1993 n - -

1994 all products products all products all

1995 Calculated Gas Price 1996 - -

annual data [nrg_100a].” data annual [nrg_100a].” data annual 1998-2001 1997 USD/TOE 261 - 2004 1998

702 1999

- 2005 2000

701 2001

2002-2005

- -

D “Supply, Explorer, Data 2002 ata Explorer, “Supply, “Supply, Explorer, ata 2003 2004

Czech Rep. Czech Slovakia Hungary Czech Rep. Czech Slovakia Hungary

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart 100 200 300 400 500 600

0 (USD/TOE)* 105 125 145 165 185 205 64 65 85 1994 :Comp 1994 Czech Rep. Czech Hungary Slovakia 1995 arison of calculatedofarisonpriceimportedof gas Price Price calculated as quotiet ofVALUE(UN 1995 1996 Comparison Comparison of calculated prices comtrade)/VOLUME (Eurostat) Slovakia Hungary Rep. Czech 1996 Price Price of Imported Gas 1997 (calculated value/volume) USD/MTOEvalue/volume) (calculated 1997 1998 1998 262 1999

1999 2000 2000

2001

2002

2003 2003 2004 2004

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 704 703 Chart Chart Chart transformation, consumption consumption transformation, Eurostat 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures Transport & in “Energy Commission, consumption transformation, Transpo & “Energy Commission,

United Nations Statistics Division, “UN Comtrade”; Eurostat, “Energy Statistics”; Eu “EnergyStatistics”; Eurostat, Comtrade”; “UN Division, Statistics Nations United European and Eurostat “EnergyStatistics”; Eurostat, Comtrade”; “UN Division, Statistics Nations United (USD/TOE)* (USD/TOE)* 100 110 120 130 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 67 66 70 80 90 70 80 90 65 :Comparisoncalculatedpricesgas of1993 :Comparisoncalculatedpricesgas of1998 Cmaio o cluae pie f motd a (tce chart) (Stacked gas imported of price calculated of Comparison : 1993 Price calculated as quotiet of VALUE (UN comtrade)/VOLUME (Eurostat) (UN comtrade)/VOLUME of VALUE quotiet as calculated Price Price calculated as quotiet of VALUE (UN comtrade)/VOLUME (Eurostat) (UN comtrade)/VOLUME of VALUE quotiet as calculated Price 1998 Comparison Comparison of Calculated Prices Comparison Comparison of Calculated Prices - -

all products products all products all rt in Figures 2006: Part 2: Energy”; Eurostat Eurostat 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures in rt

1994 - -

annual data [nrg_100a].” data annual [nrg_100a].” data annual 1999 263

1995 - - 1997 2001

703 704 2000

- -

Data Explorer, “Supply, “Supply, Explorer, Data “Supply, Explorer, Data 1996 rostat and European and rostat

Czech Rep. Slovakia Hungary

2001 Czech Rep. Slovakia Hungary 1997

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 706 705 Chart Chart 10.00% 12.00% 14.00% 16.00% 18.00% transformation, consumption consumption transformation, Eurostat 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures Transport & in “Energy Commission,

ERRA Division, Statistics Nations United 0.00% 2.00% 4.00% 6.00% 8.00% (USD/TOE)* 120 170 220 270 320 370 69 68 - :Comparisoncalculatedpricesgas of2001 :otherTaxesandon gas feestotal price

Energy Regulators Regional Association, “Products/Tariff Database.” “Products/Tariff Association, Regional Regulators Energy Hungary Share ofTaxes and Other Fees on Total Gas Price Wholesale 2002 ( Difference of Total price less pre price of Total Difference Price calculated as quotiet of VALUE (UN comtrade)/VOLUME (Eurostat) (UN comtrade)/VOLUME of VALUE quotiet as calculated Price Slovakia Comparison Comparison of Calculated Prices -

all products products all Czech Rep. Slovakia Hungary Hungary

“UN Comtrade”; Eurostat, “Energy Statistics”; Eurostat and European and Eurostat “EnergyStatistics”; Eurostat, Comtrade”; “UN End-user 2003 -

Slovakia annual data [nrg_100a].” data annual - tax price as share on total price price total share on price as tax 264 Hungary

Residental 2004 706

- 2004 Slovakia

705

Hungary -

non-Residental

Data Explorer, “Supply, “Supply, Explorer, Data 2005 ERRA data) ERRA Slovakia

2006

2006-2009 2002-2005 1998-2002

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 708 707 Chart Chart

Ibid. Ibid. 1998 / 4 1998 / 4 1999 / 1

1999 / 1 71 1999 / 2 70 1999 / 2 : NaturalGas Wholesale: Prices 1999 / 3 : 1999 / 3 1999 / 4 NaturalGas Wholesale(prePrices 1999 / 4 2000 / 1 2000 / 1 Natural Gas Wholesale Prices pre 2000 / 2 2000 / 2

2000 / 3 Natural Gas Wholesale Prices, total ERRA 2000 / 3 2000 / 4 2000 / 4 Slovakia Poland Hungary 2001 / 1 Slovakia Poland Hungary 2001 / 1 2001 / 2 2001 / 2 2001 / 3 2001 / 3

2001 / 4 2001 / 4 2002 / 1 2002 / 1 2002 / 2 2002 / 2 2002 / 3 2002 / 3 2002 / 4 2002 / 4 2003 / 1 2003 / 1 2003 / 2 2003 / 2 2003 / 3 2003 / 3 2003 / 4

708 2003 / 4 2004 / 1

2004 / 1 ( 2004 / 2 ERRA

265 2004 / 2 2004 / 3 - 2004 / 3 2004 / 4 tax)

2004 / 4 2005 / 1 2005 / 1 2005 / 2 707 2005 / 2 )

2005 / 3 2005 / 4 2005 / 3 2006 / 1 2005 / 4 2006 / 2 2006 / 1 2006 / 3 2006 / 2 2006 / 4 2006 / 3

2007 / 1 2006 / 4 - 2007 / 2 2007 / 1 tax, USD GJ / 2007 / 3 2007 / 2 2007 / 4 2007 / 3 2008 / 1 2007 / 4 2008 / 2 2008 / 1 2008 / 3 2008 / 2 2008 / 4 2008 / 3 2009 / 1 2008 / 4

2009 / 2 2009 / 1 2009 / 3 2009 / 2 2009 / 4 2009 / 3 2006-2009 2009 / 4 2002-2005 2006-… 1998-2002 2002-… 1998-… 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 USD / GJ USD / GJ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 710 709 Chart Chart

Ibid. Ibid.

73 72 : Natural Gas Residential:NaturalGas (pre Prices : Natural Gas Residential:NaturalGas Prices Hungary Poland Slovakia Hungary Poland Slovakia Gas Gas residential (ERRAprices pre Gas Gas residential (ERRAprices total)

(pre 266 - - tax) tax)

709 710

- tax)

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 USD/GJ USD / GJ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 711 Chart 10.5 Division, “UN Comtrade.” Division, “UN consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer,

Eurostat and European Commission, “Energy & Transport in Figures 2006: Part 2: Energy”; Eurostat Eurostat 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures in Transport & “Energy Commission, European and Eurostat 0.5 2.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 74 1992 : Energy intensityselected:Energy of industrial sectors (SITC 66+67+68+69) (kTOE/M$ of SITC TOTAL Exports) (Data Eurostat UNCOMTRADE) Eurostat & (Data Exports) TOTAL SITCof (kTOE/M$ 66+67+68+69)(SITC 1993 Energy intensity of metallurgic export sectors 1994 1995

1996

1997 1998 -

all products products all 1999 267

2000 -

annual data [nrg_100a]”; United United [nrg_100a]”; data annual 2001 711 2002

2003 2004 2005 Nations Statistics 2006 -

Data Data SK HU CZ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 712 industries Chart Chart Fundamentals A 0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% [nrg_100a]”; The World Bank, “Data.” Bank, World The [nrg_100a]”; Eurostat Statistics”;

PPENDIX Eurostat and European Commission, “Energy & Transport in Figures 2006: Part 2: Energy”; Eurostat, “Energy “Energy Eurostat, 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures in Transport & “Energy Commission, European and Eurostat % -15.00% -10.00% 10.00% 75 -5.00% 76 0.00% 5.00% :ChangesinEnergyinGDPCzech Consumption and Republic 1993 Epomn i eeg itnie industries intensive energy in Employment :

Difference in growth ofenergy consumption : CZ D Manufacturing (Secondary axis) (Secondary Manufacturing CZ D Quarrying and Mining CZ C 1990 1994

C - ZECH

Data Explorer, “Supply, transformation, consumption consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer, Data 1991

1995 1992 GDP-Gas Czech Republic Czech GDP-Gas R

1996 EPUBLIC 1993

LABORSTA LabourStatistics Database (ILO 2013) 1997

and and GDP growth 1994 CZ employment CZ 1998 1995

1996 1999 268 1997

2000 CZ E Electricity, Gas and Water Supply Water and Gas Electricity, CZ E 1998 GDP-OIL Czech Republic Czech GDP-OIL 2001 1999

s oprd o manufacturing to compared as 2002 2000

all product all 2003 2001 2002 2004 s -

annual data data annual 712 2003

2005 2004 25.50% 26.00% 26.50% 27.00% 27.50% 28.00% 28.50% 29.00% 29.50% 30.00% 2005

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart Threat perception 77 :Threat PerceptionParty and Republic Czech Republic Czech

Preferences in 1991Preferencesin 269

Slovakia Slovakia

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 713 1996 and1992, 1998 Chart Lazarsfeld Society, “SN 6455 6455 “SN Society, Lazarsfeld Paul and Rose, R. 24, 2012); October (accessed http://www.esds.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=6454 http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA 1993 6454 “SN Society, Lazarsfeld 24, 20 October (accessed http://www.esds.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=6453 http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA II, 1992 Barometer

Rose, R. and Paul Lazarsfeld Society, “SN 6453 Society,6453 “SN Lazarsfeld Paul Rose,and R. - 1994 [computer file]. Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive [distributor], June 2010. SN: 6454, 6454, SN: 2010. June [distributor], Archive UKData Essex: Colchester, file]. [computer 1994 78 : Threat perception in Czech Republic by political affiliation political by Republic Czech in perception Threat : - 1993 [computer file]. Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive [distributor], June 2010. SN: 6453, 6453, SN: 2010. June [distributor], Archive Data UK Essex: Colchester, file]. [computer 1993 713

- - New Europe Barometer IV, 1995” ((Vienna), New Europe Barometer IV, 1995 Barometer Europe New ((Vienna), IV, 1995” Barometer Europe New III, 1993 Barometer Europe New - -

SN SN - - 6454 6453 - - 1., n.d.), n.d.), 1., n.d.), 1., - New Europe Barometer II, 1992 Barometer Europe New 270

- 1994” ((Vienna), New Europe Barometer III, Barometer Europe New ((Vienna), 1994” - 1993” ((Vienna), N ((Vienna), 1993”

Russia as threat in threat as Russia 12); Rose, R. and Paul Paul and Rose, R. 12); ew Europe Europe ew

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 714 Chart 10 20 30 40 50 60 5243 http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA 5243, SN: 2007. July [distributor], Archive Data UK Essex: Colchester, 5243 “SN “SN Society, 6455 Lazarsfeld Paul and 6453 “SN Society, Lazarsfeld Paul and R. Attitudes”; Rose, and 24, 2012). October (accessed http://www.esds.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=6455 http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA Colchester, file]. [computer

Times Mirror Center for the People & the Press, “The Pulse of Europe: ASurvey ofEurope: Pulse the “The Press, & thePeople for Center Mirror Times 0 - negative influence negative 1., n.d.), http://www.esds.ac.uk/findingData/snDescrip 1.,n.d.), 79 1991 % RU as % RU 1991 : Czech’s perception: Czech’s Union) (Soviet of threat Russia as - New Europe Barometer VII, 2004 EuropeBarometer New (PEW) negative influence or threat Data: PEW and NEB 50

% ofrespondents seeing Russia either as

Essex: UK Data Archive [distributor], June 2010. SN: 6455, 6455, SN: 2010. June [distributor], Archive UKData Essex: 1991 % RU as % RU 1991 threat (PEW) threat

41 - SN

- - New Europe Barometer IV, 1995”; Richard Rose and William Mishler, WilliamMishler, and Rose IV, Richard 1995”; Barometer Europe New 6455 - - 1., n.d.), n.d.), 1., 2005” (New Europe Barometer VII, 2004 Barometer Europe (New 2005” seeing Russia as Russia seeing 1992 (NEB II) % II) (NEB 1992 threat 271 39

tion.asp?sn=5243 (accessed October 24, 2012). October (accessed tion.asp?sn=5243 - New Europe Barometer II, 1992 Barometer Europe New 1996 (NEB IV)% (NEB 1996 seeing Russia as Russia seeing threat 54

of Political and Social Values Values Social and ofPolitical

negative - seeing Russia as Russia seeing 2005 [computer file]. file]. [computer 2005 1998 (NEB V)% (NEB 1998

threat

714 48 -

1993”; Rose, R. Rose, 1993”;

- SN

- CZ

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart RulingElites withthe Regime Previous Links 80 : Czech ministers recorded: Czech thecommunist secret former databases in service 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 0% AGENTS Czech ministers recorded in the former communist secret databases service D (Confidants) KTS for (Candidates cooperation) 272

Allegations

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart 81 : Collaborators and: Collaborators peoplethe g in ofinterest Czech 100% Representation of people of interest to former 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% AGENTS KTS (Candidates for cooperation) for (Candidates KTS 0% communist secret in the Czechservice 1 3

1 0

government 1 0

13 273

PO-NO-S-KONTROL (Enemies of the state) the of (Enemies PO-NO-S-KONTROL Allegations D (Confidants)

1 0

10 overnment

1 0

2 0

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1990 82 : Intensity of official relations between Russia and Republic: IntensityCzech ofRussia relations official between 1991 1992 1993 President/PM 1994 Czech Republic and Russia 1995 1996 Parliament 1997 274

1998 1999 MFA 2000 number of treaties with Russia with treaties of number 2001

2002 2003

2004 2005

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart of Industry Structure 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00% 50.00% 83 0.00% 5.00% : Share of selected industrial: Sharetotal ofselected industrial sectors energy on consumption Share of Sectors on Final Energy Consumption of Industry 1990 Construction Leather and Textile Products, Wood and Wood Print, and Pulp Paper, and Tobacco Food Machinery and Equipment Transport and Petrochemical Chemical Quarrying) and Mining Minerals, Non-Metallic Metals, Non-Ferrous Steel, and (Iron mining and Metallurgy 1991 1992 1993

1994 1995 (Eurostat data) (Eurostat 1996 275

1997 1998

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 -

CZ 2004

2005

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 715 on the exports oftotal value Chart 10.00% 11.00% 7.00% 8.00% 9.00% 0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 6.00%

United Nations Statistics Division, Division, Statistics Nations United 84 : Share of exports of energy intensive manufacturing sectors manufacturing intensive energy of exports of Share : 1993 1994 7 MACHINES,TRANSPORT EQUIP 7 MACHINES,TRANSPORT STEEL AND 67 IRON 5 CHEMICALS,RELTD.PROD.NES 1995 CZ

1996 -

Share on export by SITC codes 715

1997 “UN Comtrade.” “UN

1998 1999

276 2000

2001 68 NON-FERROUS METALS 68 NON-FERROUS MANFCT 66 NON-METAL.MINERAL 2002 2003 2004 2005

(SITC 5, 66, 67, 68)67, 66, 5, (SITC

2006 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 0.00% 10.00%

Share of SITC 7

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 717 716 Chart the European Union. European the Europe.” Eastern

For methodology and distribution of sectors see sectorssee of distribution and methodology For Ibid. % of Total Exports 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00%

85 5.00% : Share of industrial exports by intensity sectors byintensity : Shareexports data ofindustrial Shares of industrial exports in Czech Republic 1992

as modified by modified as

Heavy- basic Heavy- 1993

1994 Kurekova, Kurekova,

1995 Heavy- complex Heavy- 1996 Commodity export structures and the analysiso the and structures export Commodity Greskovits, “Leading Se “Leading Greskovits, 1997 277 1998

1999 Light - basic Light 2000 ctors and the Varieties of Capitalism in ofCapitalism theVarieties ctorsand 716 2001 , methodology. 2002 f trends in leading export sectors in leadingexport in f trends Light - complex Light 2003 2004 717

2005 2006

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 718 Chart 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Division, “UN Comtrade.” Division, “UN transformation “Supply, Explorer,

Eurostat and European Commission, “Energy & Transport in Figures 2006: Part 2: Energy”; Eurostat Eurostat 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures in Transport & “Energy Commission, European and Eurostat 1992 86 : Energy intensityofselected industrial sectors Republic inCzech 1993 (kTOE/M$of SITC TOTAL Exports) (eurostat + 1994 CZ

1995 -

Energy intensity of export sectors Machinery+Transport (SITC 7) (SITC Machinery+Transport 66+67+68+69) (SITC minerals Non-metalic and Metals 5) (SITC and Petrochemical Chemical TOTAL SITC , consumption , consumption 1996

1997 UNCOMTRADE) - 1998

all products products all 278 1999

annual data [nrg_100a]”; United Nations Statistics United [nrg_100a]”; data annual 2000 2001

2002 2003 2004 718

2005 -

Data Data 2006

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 720 719 Figure Chart 100% tisk14/94.” Dlouhého c transformation, “Supply, Explorer,

PSP Archív, “Odpověď na interpelaci poslance Michala Krause na ministra průmyslu a obchodu Vladimíra Vladimíra obchodu a průmyslu ministra na Krause poslanceMichala interpelaci na “Odpověď Archív, PSP Eurostat 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures in Transport & “Energy Commission, European and Eurostat 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 87 88 : Distribution Final Energyin of bysectors Industry Consumption : Refinery rest : Refinery ve věci privatizace a transformace (případně restrukturalizace) české petrochemie PČR, PS 1993 PS PČR, petrochemie české restrukturalizace) (případně transformace a privatizace věci ve CZ

Share of sectors on final energy consumption ructuring

onsumption onsumption 720

(Eurostat data) of Industry -

all products products all 279

annual data [nrg_100a].” data annual

719

Print and Pulp Paper, Leather andTextile Construction Equipment Transport Products Wood and Wood Metals Non-Ferrous Quarrying Mining and -

Data Data - 1996, 1996,

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart Supplier Diversification Market 10 12 14 0 2 4 6 8 1990 89 : Contracted ofactual imports gasvs. volumes 1991 CZ CZ imports (Eurostat converted) (Eurostat CZ imports CZ Gazprom CZ GFU CZ VEMEX CZWintershall 1992 : Contracted volumes vs. imported volumes of 1993 1994 1995

1996 1997 gas (BCM) 1998

280 1999

2000

2001

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 721 industries Chart Chart Fundamentals A 0.00% 1.00% 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% [nrg_100a]”; The World Bank, “Data.” Bank, World The [nrg_100a]”; Eurost Statistics”;

PPENDIX Eurostat and European Commission, “Energy & Transport in Figures 2006: Part 2: Energy”; Eurostat, “Energy “Energy Eurostat, 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures in Transport & “Energy Commission, European and Eurostat % -15.00% -10.00% 10.00% -5.00% 0.00% 5.00% 90 91 : ChangesinEnergyGDP Consumption in and Slovakia 1993 Epomn i eeg itnie nutis s oprd o manufacturing to compared as industries intensive energy in Employment :

Difference in Growth of Energy Consumption and 1990 : SK C Mining and Quarrying and Mining SK C SK D Manufacturing (Secondary axis) (Secondary Manufacturing SK D 1994

at at S 1991 - LOVAK

Data Explorer, “Supply, transformation, consumption consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer, Data

1995 1992

1996 R 1993 EPUBLIC

LABORSTA LabourStatistics Database (ILO 2013) 1997

1994 SK employment 1995 1998 GDP GDP Growth

1996 1999 281 1997

2000 SK E Electricity, Gas and Water Supply Water and Gas Electricity, SK E 1998 2001 GDP-OIL Slovak Republic Slovak GDP-OIL Republic Slovak GDP-Gas

1999

2002

- 2000

all products products all 2003 721 2001

2004 2002 -

annual data data annual 2005 2003 2004 25.00% 25.50% 26.00% 26.50% 27.00% 27.50% 2005

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 722 19 Chart Threat perception 6455 Lazarsfeld

96 and 1998 Rose, R. and Paul Lazarsfeld Society, “SN 6453 Society,6453 “SN Lazarsfeld Paul Rose,and R. - New Europe Barometer IV, 1995.” Barometer Europe New 92 : Threat perception in Slovakia by political affiliation political by Slovakia in perception Threat : Society, “SN 6454 6454 “SN Society, 722

- New Europe Barometer III, 1993 Barometer Europe New

- New Europe Barometer II, 1992 Barometer Europe New 282

- 1994”; Rose, R. and Paul Lazarsfeld Society, “SN “SN Society, Lazarsfeld Paul and R. Rose, 1994”;

Russia as threat in 1992, in threat as Russia - 1993”; Rose, R. and Paul Paul and R. Rose, 1993”;

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 723 Republic Chart 10 20 30 40 50 60 Europe Barometer VII, 2004 EuropeBarometer “SN Society, 6455 Lazarsfeld Paul and 6453 “SN Society, Lazarsfeld Paul and R. Attitudes”; Rose, and

Times Mirror Center for the People & the Press, “The Pulse of Europe: A Survey of Political and Social Values Values Social and ofPolitical ASurvey ofEurope: Pulse the “The Press, & thePeople for Center Mirror Times 0 negative influence negative 93 1991 % RU as % RU 1991 : Perception of Russia (Soviet Union) as threat or negative influence in Slovak in influence negative or threat as Union) (Soviet Russia of Perception : 723 (PEW) negative influence or threat Data: PEW and NEB

33 % ofrespondents in SK seeing Russia either as

1991 % RU as % RU 1991 threat (PEW) threat -

2005.” 27

- New Europe Barometer IV, 1995”; Rose and Mishler, “SN 5243 5243 “SN Mishler, and IV, Rose 1995”; Barometer Europe New seeing Russia as Russia seeing 1992 (NEB II) % II) (NEB 1992 threat 283 26

- New Europe B Europe New 1996 (NEB IV)% (NEB 1996 seeing Russia as Russia seeing threat 50

arometer II, 1992 arometer seeing Russia as Russia seeing 1998 (NEB V)% (NEB 1998 threat 45 - 1993”; Rose, R. Rose, 1993”;

- New

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart RulingElites withthe Regime Previous Links 94 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 0% : Slovakministers recordedthe for in AGENTS 2 2 3 Slovak ministers recorded in the former

communist secret databases service D (Confidants) 1 2 2

KTS (Candidates for cooperation) for (Candidates KTS 1 1 6

284 mer communistmer secret databases service

1 1 2

1 4 2

Allegations

1 2 2

0 2 0

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart 100% 95 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% : Persons toFormer withties in the Secret Government Service Slovak Representation of people of interest to former KTS (Candidates for cooperation) for (Candidates KTS AGENTS 2 2 3

communist secret in the Slovakservice 1 2 2

government 1 1 6

285

1 1 2

PO-NO-S-KONTROL (Enemies of the state) the of (Enemies PO-NO-S-KONTROL Allegations D (Confidants)

1 4 2

1 2 2

0 2 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart Chart 10 12 14 16 10 12 14 16 0 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 1990 1990 97 96 : Comparisonvariables for of SlovakRepublic and: IntensitySlovakRepublic ofRussia relations official between 1991 1991 1992 1992 Relations between Slovakia and Russia 1993 1993 1994 1994 1995 Slovakia and Russia 1995 1996 1996 1997 286 1997 1998

1998 1999 President/PM visits President/PM Russia w/ treaties Bilateral perception Threat

1999 2000 2000 2001

2001 2002 number of treaties with Russia with treaties of number MFA Parliament President/PM 2002 2003

2004 2003 2005 2004 2005 60 0 10 20 30 40 50

% seeing Russia as threat

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart of Industry Structure

Axis Title 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% 98 0.00% : Energy Share of sectors on final energy consumption of Industry 1990 Transport Equipmentand Machinery Chemical and Petrochemical Metallurgy and mining (Iron and Steel, Non-Ferrous Metals, Non-Metallic Minerals, Mining and Quarrying) Construction Paper,Pulp Print,and Wood and Wood Products,Textile and Leather Food and Tobacco - intensity of sectorsintensity different industrial 1991 1992 1993

1994 1995 (Eurostat data) 1996 287

1997 1998

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 -

SK 2004

2005

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 724 exports68) on the (Slovakia) valueoftotal Chart Chart

United Nations Statistics Division, “UN Comtrade.” “UN Division, Statistics Nations United 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

0 Axis Title 10.00% 12.00% 14.00% 16.00% 18.00% 20.00% 99 100 0.00% 2.00% 4.00% 6.00% 8.00% 1990 : Share of energy intensive sectors: Share on ofenergy : Share of exports of energy intensive manufacturing sectors sectors manufacturing intensive energy of exports of Share : 1993 1992 67 IRON AND STEEL AND 67 IRON 5 CHEMICALS,RELTD.PROD.NES 1994 SK Share on export by SITC codes

- 1995

1994 Share on export by SITCcodes

1996 68 NON-FERROUS METALS 68 NON-FERROUS STEEL AND 67 IRON MANFCT 66 NON-METAL.MINERAL 5 CHEMICALS,RELTD.PROD.NES 1996 1997 724

288 1998

exports Data) (UN COMTRADE

1998 1999 68 NON-FERROUS METALS 68 NON-FERROUS MANFCT 66 NON-METAL.MINERAL 2000 2000 2001 - 2002

2002 SK

(SITC 5, 66, 67, 66, 5, (SITC 2003 2004 2004

2005 2006

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 725 Chart 100% Explorer, “Supply, transformation, consumption consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer,

Eurostat and European Commission, “Energy & Transport in Figures 2006: Part 2: Energy”; Eurostat Eurostat 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures in Transport & “Energy Commission, European and Eurostat 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 1990 101 Mining andMining Quarrying EquipmentTransport Machinery Non-Metallic Minerals SteelIron and : Distributionof Final Energy SK 1992 -

Industrial energy consumption 1994

1996 Non - MetallicMinerals Construction Non-Ferrous Metals Paper, Print and Pulp Non-specified (Industry) - Consumption Industry (Slovakia) in bysectors 1998

Chemical and Petrochemicaland Chemical all products products all Iron and Steel and Iron 289

2000 -

annual data [nrg_100a].” data annual

2002 (Eurostatdata) 2004 Wood Wood and Products Textile Leather and TobaccoFood and andChemical Petrochemical

Non 2006 - Ferrous MetalsFerrous -

Data Data 2008

725

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 728 727 726 Chart (Slovakia) Chart Division, “UN Comtrade.” Division, “UN consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer, Union. European the Europe.” Eastern 10

Eurostat and European Commission, “Energy Commission, European and Eurostat sectorssee of distribution and methodology For Comtrade.” “UN Division, Statistics Nations United 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 % of Total Exports 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00% 50.00% 1992 103 0.00% 5.00% 10 2 : Energy of intensity selectedindustrial sectors in 727 Sae f nutil xot b itniy etr data sectors intensity by exports industrial of Share : 1993

as modified by modified as

1994 Machinery+Transport (SITC 7) (SITC Machinery+Transport 66+67+68+69) minerals (SITC Metals and Non-metalic 5) (SITC and Petrochemical Chemical TOTAL SITC Shares of industrial exports in Slovakia SK

1995 -

Energy intensity of export sectors (kTOE/M$ (kTOE/M$ of SITC TOTAL Exports) (eurostat + UNCOMTRADE) Kurekova, Kurekova, 1996

1997 Commodity export structures and the analysis of trends in leading export sectors in leadingexport in trends analysisof the and structures export Commodity

& Transport in Figures 2006: Part 2: Energy”; Eurostat Eurostat 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures in Transport & 1998 - Greskovits, “Leading Sectors and the Varieties of Capitalism in ofCapitalism theVarieties and Sectors “Leading Greskovits,

all products products all

290 1999

- 2000

annual data [nrg_100a]”; United Nations Statistics United [nrg_100a]”; data annual 2001 Slovak Republic 2002 2003

726 2004 , methodology. methodology. ,

728 2005

Light - complex Light -Light basic complex Heavy- basic Heavy- -

Data Data 2006

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart Supplier Diversification Market 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1990 104 1991 : Contracted ofactual imports gasvs. (Slovakia) volumes SK 1992 : Contracted volumes vs. imported volumes of converted) (Eurostat SK imports SK Gazprom 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

1998 291 gas

1999

2000 2001 2002

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 729 Chart industries Chart Fundamentals A 2.00% 3.00% 4.00% 5.00% 0.00% 1.00% [nrg_100a]”; The World Bank, “Data.” Bank, World The [nrg_100a]”; Eurostat Statistics”;

PPENDIX Eurostat and European Commission, “E Commission, European and Eurostat % -15.00% -10.00% 10.00% -5.00% 0.00% 5.00% 106 105 1993 : ChangesinEnergyGDPHungary Consumption in and Epomn i eeg itnie industries intensive energy in Employment :

1990 Difference in growthof energy consumption HU D Manufacturing (Secondary axis) (Secondary Manufacturing HU D Quarrying and Mining HU C : 1994

H 1991 - UNGAR

Data Explorer, “Supply, transformation, consumption consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer, Data

1995 1992

1996 Y 1993

LABORSTA LabourStatistics Database (ILO 2013) GDP-Gas Hungary GDP-Gas 1997

1994 HU HU employment and and GDP growth nergy & Transport in Figures 2006: Part 2: Energy”; Eurostat, “Energy “Energy Eurostat, 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures in Transport & nergy 1995 1998 1996 1999 292 1997

2000 HU E Electricity, Gas and Water Supply and Water Gas Electricity, HU E 1998 GDP-OIL Hungary GDP-OIL 2001 1999

s oprd o manufacturing to compared as

2002

- 2000

all products products all 2003 2001 729

2004 2002 -

annual data data annual 2005 2003 2004 21.00% 21.50% 22.00% 22.50% 23.00% 23.50% 24.00% 24.50% 25.00% 2005

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 730 Hungary Chart Threat perception 10 20 30 40 50 60 Europe Barometer VII, 2004 EuropeBarometer “SN Society, 6455 Lazarsfeld Paul and a

nd Attitudes”; Rose, R. and Paul Lazarsfeld Society, “SN 6453 6453 “SN Society, Lazarsfeld Paul and R. Attitudes”; nd Rose, Times Mirror Center for the People & the Press, “The Pulse of Europe: A Survey of Political and Social Values Values Social and ofPolitical ASurvey ofEurope: Pulse the “The Press, & thePeople for Center Mirror Times 0 negative influence negative 107 1991 % RU as % RU 1991 730 Preto o Rsi (oit no) s het r eaie nlec in influence negative or threat as Union) (Soviet Russia of Perception : (PEW)

negative influence or threat Data: PEW and NEB % ofrespondents in HU Russia seeing either as 56

1991 % RU as % RU 1991 threat (PEW) threat -

2005.” 20

- New Europe Barometer II, 1992 Barometer Europe New 1996 (NEB IV)% (NEB 1996 seeing Russia as Russia seeing threat 29

seeing Russia as Russia seeing 1998 (NEB V)% (NEB 1998 threat 13 -

1993”; Rose, R. Rose, 1993”; - New

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW and 1998 1995 Chart 108 : Threat perception in Hungary by political affiliation political by Hungary in perception Threat :

294

Russia as threat in 1992, 1992, in threat as Russia

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW ac publicly on is, it relies since evidence this anecdotal and soft how both Given popu oftheadult (14% 1.2 million MSZMP and members 800,000 approximately had KISZ Since 731 inHungaryKISZ forcaveats (seefootnote Chart RulingElites withthe Regime Previous Links 10 15 20 25 Hungary. Hungary. of in case supportive a evidence as used be cannot measure this inpolice Czechoslovakia, service secret era to communist compared as MSZMP in and KISZ ofmembership nature different very well as as organizations, communist thewith incollaboration or membership than common more was much organizations in these membership MSZMP Azegykori utóélete. előélet Karácsony, “Az töltöttekbe.” ( identi with ofits ministers about half right The organizations. regime communist theformer of ofeither members were who thepost by lead government following The regime. communist organization representative (KISZ) a as League Communist Young Hungarian youthorganization its or (MSZMP) Party Workers' Socialist theHungarian ties to personal minimal had oftransition government in bot observed thedivision weakly, very although corroborates, assistant) research Hungarian ofnative help (witha articles news and governments Hungarian

Városi Újság, “A Fidesz azon politikusainak listája, akik korábban a kommunista rendszerben valamilyen funkciót funkciót valamilyen rendszerben kommunista a korábban akik listája, politikusainak azon Fidesz “A Városi Újság, Using 0 5 109

the crude proxy of manual cross ofmanual proxy crude the 1990

: Ministers with alleged ties to ties withalleged Ministers : - era secret service in service Czechoslovakia. secret era )

1991 MDF Hungarianministers alleged with 1992

1993

1994

1994 fied ties to MSZMP or KISZ, including a number of high ranking ministers. ministers. ranking ofhigh number a KISZ,including or ties to MSZMP fied MSZP-SZDSZ -

search performed on biographies and names of members of different ofdifferent ofmembers names and biographies on performed search 1995

1996 KISZ or MZSMP

h Czech Republic and Slovakia. While the first Hungarian Hungarian first Whilethe Slovakia. and Republic hCzech the previous regimepreviousthe 1997 - 731 tagságra vonatkozó adatok adatok vonatkozó tagságra 295

). 1998

Fidesz-MDF-FKGP 1999 - communist MSZP had majority ofits ministers majority had MSZP communist 1999

2000 membershipin Share of ministerst w/ past ties w/ past ministerst of Share ties with past ministers # of

knowledged membership in the two in the membership knowledged 2001 (membership in MZSMP or MZSMP (membershipin megbízhatósága.” 2002 MSZP-SZDSZ - wing government had had government wing 2002

2003 lation) (data from from (data lation) s of the softhe ) the ) the 2004

MSZP 2004

2005 - 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart 0 1 2 3 4 110 1990 : Intensity of officialand Hungary Russia relations between

1991

1992 President/PM 1993

1994 Hungary and Russia

Parliament 1995

1996 296

MFA 1997

1998 number of treaties withRussia

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart of Industry Structure

Axis Title 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 111 0.00% : Energy Share of sectors on final energy consumption of Industry Food and Tobacco and Food Machinery and Equipment Transport and Petrochemical Chemical Quarrying) and Mining Minerals, Non-Metallic Metals, Non-Ferrous Steel, and (Iron mining and Metallurgy Construction Leather and Textile Products, Wood and Wood Print, and Pulp Paper, 1990 - intensity ofintensity sectors different industrial 1991 1992 1993

1994 1995 (Eurostat data) 1996 297

1997 1998

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 -

HU 2004

2005

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart

Axis Title 10.00% 12.00% 112 4.00% 6.00% 8.00% 0.00% 2.00% : Share intensive ofenergy sectors onexports 1993 67 IRON AND STEEL AND 67 IRON 5 CHEMICALS,RELTD.PROD.NES 1994 Share on export by SITC codes 1995 1996 1997 1998 298

1999 68 NON-FERROUS METALS 68 NON-FERROUS MANFCT 66 NON-METAL.MINERAL 2000

(UN COMTRADE Data) (UN COMTRADE 2001 2002 -

HU 2003

2004 2005

2005

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 733 732 Chart on the(Hungary) exports oftotal value Chart 10 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00% Division, consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer, 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

“UN Comtrade.” “UN : Energy of intensity selectedindustrial sectors inHungary : Share of exports of energy intensive manufacturing sectors manufacturing intensive energy ofexports of Share : 1992 1993 HU 1993 1994 -

Energy intensity of export sectors 1994 (kTOE/M$ (kTOE/M$ of SITC TOTAL Exports) (eurostat + UNCOMTRADE) HU 7 MACHINES,TRANSPORT EQUIP ANDSTEEL67 IRON 5 CHEMICALS,RELTD.PROD.NES

1995

- 1995

Share on export by SITC codes 1996

1996 1997 1997 732 - 1998

all products products all

1998

299 1999

1999 -

2000 annual data [nrg_100a]”; United Nations Statistics United [nrg_100a]”; data annual 68 NON-FERROUS METALS 66 NON-METAL.MINERAL MANFCT 2000 2001 2001

2002 2002 Machinery+Transport (SITC 7) (SITC Machinery+Transport 66+67+68+69) (SITC minerals Non-metalic and Metals 5) (SITC and Petrochemical Chemical TOTAL SITC 2003 733

2003

(SITC 5, 66, 5, (SITC

2004 2004 2005 2005 -

Data Data 67, 68)67, 2006 2005

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 735 734 methodology Chart the European Union. European the Europe.” Eastern

For method For Comtrade.” “UN Division, Statistics Nations United % of Total Exports 10.00% 15.00% 20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00% 40.00% 45.00% 50.00% 0.00% 5.00% 115 Sae f nutil xot b itniy etr i Hungary in sectors intensity by exports industrial of Share : ology and distribution of sectors see sectorssee of distribution and ology 735 1992

) as modified by modified as

Heavy- basic Heavy-

Shares of industrial exports in Hungary 1993

1994 Kurekova, Kurekova,

1995 Heavy- complex Heavy- 1996 Commodity export structures and the analysis of trends in leading export sectors in leadingexport in trends analysisof the and structures export Commodity 1997 Greskovits, “Leading Sectors and the Varieties of Capitalism in ofCapitalism theVarieties and Sectors “Leading Greskovits,

300 1998

1999 Light - basic Light 2000 2001 2002 Light - complex Light 2003

2004

2005 (Data 2006 734

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 736 Chart 100% Explorer, “Supply, transformation, c transformation, “Supply, Explorer,

Eurostat and European Commission, “Energy & Transport in Figures 2006: Part 2: Energy”; Eurostat Eurostat 2:Energy”; Part 2006: Figures in Transport & “Energy Commission, European and Eurostat 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 0% 1990 116 Metallurgy and (Iron mining Steel, Non-Metallic Metals, Non-Ferrous Minerals, Quarrying) and Mining andChemical Petrochemical EquipmentTransport Machinery and TobaccoFood and Paper, Print, and Pulp Wood Wood and Products, Textile Leather and Construction : Distributionof Final Consumption Energy Industry (Hungary) in bysectors 1991 1992 HU 1993

- Share ofsectors on final energy 1994 consumption consumption of Industry

onsumption onsumption 1995 1996 -

all products products all (Eurostat (Eurostat data) 301 1997

1998 -

annual data [nrg_100a].” data annual

1999 2000 2001

2002 2003 - 2004

Data Data 2005 736

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Chart Supplier Diversification Market 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 8 1990 117 : Contracted volumes ofactual imports gasvs. (Hungary) 1991 converted) (Eurostat imports HU Yamburg HU cash for Orenburg HU HAG through swap Ruhrgas HU HAG through swap Ruhrgas HU HAG through swap GDF HU Panrusgas HU HU: ContractedHU: importedvolumesvs. gasvolumes of 1992 1993 Imports 1994

1995 1996 1997

1998 302

1999 2000 2001 2002

2003 2004 2005

2006 2007

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 737 Figure

Týden (il), “Maďarskou metodou?”. (il), “Maďarskou Týden 118 : [Diversification]Hungarian theWay

303

737

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW domination.” to route stealth takes Gazprom Hungary, to Poland “From Neil. Barnett, Levera Russian End to Time Security: Energy “EU Zeyno. Baran, docume security “National S. Eva Balogh, energy 2005. the “Evaluating George. Virgil 23, Baleanu, Hayes. Peter and August Williams, J. Prezam”, Suzuki, Tatsujiro A., firma David Baldwin, získala Šaľa Duslo “RETRO: Olaj Vladimír. Bačišin, “Az Zsolt. Arató, Róbert Angelusz Czech of Stories Life the in Lineage Family Bourgeois Class: Buoyant “The Vladimir. Andrle, Council. Chemistry e American political the and Oil politics: “Crude E. J. Alt, T. Graham Allison, strany is A. Energy F.“What Security?” Alhajji, financoval ČEZ že víme, Všichni “Schwarzenberg: ina). nem, (teš, Aktuálně ——— ——— Europe.” Central East in Realities Political and Values Democratic “Basic Attila. Ágh, Internation Agency, kartu.” norskou na “Sázka Alena. Adámková, B IBLIOGRAPHY http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/ana Independent 131 4(2007): 30, no. documents http://esbalogh.typepad.com/hungarianspectrum/2012/03/national 2012. 18, still watching security impactsof energyIn policies.” 29, 2012). http://hnonline.sk/c1 2011. (accessed 20,2012). December http://magyarnarancs.hu/belpol/az_olaj http://edok.lib.uni 1996. Egyetem, Közgazdaságtudományi corvinus.hu/217/1/MT_2_Angelusz_Tardos.pdf (accessed 20 December Budapesti Budapest: 29, Persons.” ( http://soc.sagepub.com/content/35/4/815 Elite Business Ethylene_Manual%203096.pdf. http://www.lyondellbasell.com/techlit/techlit/Handbooks September 1970 Norway, (accesse October 27,2012). http://aktualne.centrum.cz/domaci/politika/clanek.phtml?id=715678 Aktuálně.cz”, transition the of overload internal and external the process.” transition: of paradoxes “The . Budapest University 1993. ofEconomics, Science, Political of Department Foundation, Studies Democracy for Center Hungarian . 30, 2013). 75 1995): 1, (January 1 no. e Co Economic 1997. s ga dasa s From Nomenclatura to Clientura: The Emergence of New Political Elites in East in Elites Political New of Emergence The Clientura: to Nomenclatura From

g Ko g

The Journal ofCo Jnay , 06 sc Bsns Aayi & Features. & Analysis Business sec. 2006, 8, January , - . ConflictCentre, Royal Studies Research Sandhurst, MilitaryAcademy, 1996. - the Essence of decision; explaining the the Essence of decision;explaining Cuban crisismissile

al Energy. al e

Tardos Róbert. Róbert. Tardos - – operation operation (OECD),and Development 1997. - p 85.” hungarian - A clear and present danger to democracy: The new Romanian Security Services are Services Security Romanian new The democracy: to danger present and clear A

e s elet s

British Journal ofPolitical Science – 144. - 22648145 Energy Policies of the Slovak Republic 1997 Survey 1997 Republic Slovak the of Policies Energy - uro mmunist Studies andTransition Studies mmunist Politics -

- case.html (accessedcase.html 2012). 24, March ae láa Kns ai e ls” 1996. lesz”, nem ami Kincs, állása: gate – tyee rdc Seadhp udne Manual Guidance Stewardship Product Ethylene 4 ht:/w.so.r/tbe4480 (cesd April (accessed http://www.jstor.org/stable/41468208 94. a Sociology

pagzaá traam megítélése társadalmi piacgazdaság A

ban / Society and Economy in Central and Eastern Europe Eastern and Central in Economy and Society / ban - Energy Issue Politics. IV. Spring retro nts, the Hungarian case.” case.” Hungarian the nts,

- 304 Ekonom, 1997, 41(17), S. 33 S. 41(17), 1997, Ekonom, The Routledge Handbook ofThe Handbook Routledge En duslo 5 n. (oebr , 01: 815 2001): 1, (November 4 no. 35, -

gate_allasa_kincs_ami_nem_lesz

- conomy of unemployment in Britain and and Britain in unemployment of conomy sala accessed 2013). 30, April -

17, no. 02 (1987): 149 02(1987): 17, no. ziskala lysis - - and firma . Boston,:Little, 1971.

%20and%20Manuals/ACC_

ge.” ge.” 10, no. 3 (1994): 15 3(1994): 10, no. - features/from

- (2008). Hungarian Spectrum Hungarian

rzm acse March (accessed prezam The Washington Quarterly Washington The Mûhelytanulmányok. . - ergy Security 36. ISSN 1210 ISSN 36.

. Organization for Organization . – 199. , 2012).

- Central Europe Central 61512 - poland

, 2011. , a – - 2004. , security

34. , March , rsadalom - 0714. - – to

833.

The - 17, d

- - - . ,

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW sticks.” controversy but forward, moves privatization “CEZ Frantisek. Bouc, inRussian “Hungarian sees nationalism.” Borowiec, Andrew. danger J. Bollen, Michael A.Bohi, and R., Douglas Toman. shocks.” price energy of effects macroeconomic the “On R. Douglas Bohi, s “Podvody Pavel. Blažek, Euro and States Baltic “The Stephen. Blank, Chronologie Unipetrolu| “Privatizace Relations. Public Rose Bison& Analýza Tichý. Lukáš and Thim, Michal Európy. Nosko, Andrej Jaroš, Jakub Petr, stredovýchodnej Binhack, regióne v spravodlivosť “Posttranzičná Tomáš. Bezák, energetiky?” privatizace přinesla “Co Jan. Bettheim, R. Mats Berdal, vyrovnanie.” na čaká “Petrochema Gabriel. Beer, find must We IE: the of chief new Hoeven, der van Maria “Interview: Karel. Beckman, andRepublic, Czech After Communism: the Germany, Eastern Change Baylis, Thomas “Elite A. “1995.” Tamás. Bauer, and States United the between Relations the and Perception of “Problems A. Raymond Bauer, Competition: Political as “Lustration Munkácsi. Ágnes and Hack, Péter Elizabeth, Barrett, oebr 7 2001. 17, 145 (1991): 00BJ http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=4476 2 November 3D50 http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docvie 1994. 3, no. Assessment Environmental 2008. Agency, 17, 2013). March (accessed http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/016505729190012R 13, (accessedmiliard.html October 21,2012). http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/40954 (2003). ForScholars Center Prospects.Washington:Wilson Woodrow and ProblemRelationship: Transatlantic Oct http://privatizaceunipetrolu.cz/page ČR no.4(2011): ústavovlustrácií 43, pamäte a národa” 420 07 Pub, 2002. 2012). 29, (accessed March http://firmy.etrend.sk/firmy June 7,2013). (accessed http://www.europeanenergyreview.eu/site/pagina.php?id=3581#artikel_3581 M economies”, emerging the with cooperation strengthen to mechanisms (accessedhttp://eep.sagepub.com/content/12/2/265 2013). 30, April Slovakia.” 20,2012).December Union.” the Soviet (2007): 260 Hungary.” in Vetting 2012). hungary Energy security, air pollution, air security, Energy 14. ober 27,2012). a a energetickébudoucnost politiky EU - , 1994. - Y38X&csi=151894&oc=00240&perma=true.

002Y

- Transnational organized crime and international security: business as usual? as business security: international and crime organized Transnational gazprom

– at uoen oiis Societies & Politics European East -

307. 426W&csi=8176&oc=00240&perma=true.

- takes

Journal of Resolution Conflict Beszélõ LTO zřejmě přišly zřejmě LTO

utc a Prevention: as Justice - stealth ,

00 ht:/ezl.3h/00/0ae.t (accessed http://beszelo.c3.hu/00/06/10bauer.htm 2000. and climate change: an integrated cost integrated an change: climate and - nefinancny - route The economics ofThe economics energy security . Ústav mezinárodních vztahů, 2012.. Ústav mezinárodních vztahů, - - to privatizace

305 - - - stát na 100 miliard.” 100 na stát tatc Enlargement.” Atlantic domination podvody - sektor/petrochema

etn Pbi Epoes n rniinl Societies Transitional in Employees Public Vetting

(1961): 223

knm 19, 82) S 5. SN 1210 ISSN 51. S. 38(26), 1994, Ekonom, 2 n. (ac 1 19) 265 1998): 1, (March 2 no. 12, - 2004 - s ýždenník R ND R ýždenník -

lto - 203hm (cesd ac 24, March (accessed 522003.html - - unipetrol zrejme –

– 446. w/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3SJB 229. -

- The Washington Times 1996. . Springer, caka benefit approach benefit Právo

- prisly - -

aia A. Sabina re.tl (accessed orlen.html Privatizace 2004”, 2006. 2004”, Privatizace - na , September 30, 2004. 30, September , - stat - nergetická be ečnost be nergetická vyrovnanie.html Resources and Ene and Resources

Jn 6 2005. 6, June ,

- na

- Lynne Rienner Lynne arch 15, 2012. 15, arch . ue, The Auger, M. - . Netherlands . 100 rge Post Prague

- - Y670 , March – – 299. 162. - rgy - - ,

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW “Plyn Iva. Chaloupková, Reptová. Ol’ga and Niznanský, Viktor Jana, Cervenáková, zdvojnásobí.” 2000 roku do se domácnosti pro plynu “Cena Milan. Černý, ——— sector.” gas for RWE choose “Czechs Brian. Cattell, skončil.” jak a zbohatl Jak Česku: v letadlo soukromé první vlastnil který “Muž, Petr. Casnova, Tom. Casier, ——— E. Kent Calder, ——— “Agrofert Sam. Cage, 2010. Wilde. de Jaap and Wæver, Ole Barry, Buzan, 2010”, http://is.muni.cz/th/219334/fss_b 2009. Slovensku”, na zločin “Organizovaný Matej. Bučko, Energy In Republic.” Czech the in “Privatization World Alena. Buchtlikova, Soviet in image of mirror “The Urie. Bronfenbrenner, ——— Review Brecher, Michael. “Statistical BP. Europe.” Central East in change elite of interpretations“Theoretical Andras. Bozoki, specsłużbami.” rosyjskimi z łączy nie nas Nic PZL: kupna do “Chętni Magdalena. Bożko, S. 6. ISSNS. 6. 1210 privatis 1995. privatizations.” 014S Czech kill may http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq? change “Legal . 014S http: October 21,2012). ktery FirstClass to Dependence?” 1996. . London 0004 Proceed.” to http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=46WM Unlikely Purchase “Unipetrol . 3S80 http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=44W4 2002. RiennerLynne Pub., 1998. 2012). 29, (accessed March 1996. Co report. . s/Statistical_Review_of_World_Energy_2010.xls 9,2010). (accessed June _publications/statistical_energy_review_2008/STAGING/local_assets/2010_do http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and (accessed0008 2013). 30, April http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/brill/comps/2003/00000 Sociology 2,2012). November do Biznesu The foreign of system policy Israel: process setting,images, Pacific defense Pacific untries - kupna //www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=44V2 - - - - -

6053&csi=6940&oc=00240&perma=true. Y276&csi=244689&oc=00240&perma=true. Y4CB&csi=244689&oc=00240&perma=true. 0004 vlastnil “The Rise of Energy to the Top of the EU the of Top the to Energy of Rise “The ation in Slovakia ation in ” , August 12, 2009. http://www.strefabiznesu.dziennikwschodni.pl/artykul/chetni2009. 12, August ,

, by B. Błaszczyk and R. Woodward. Center for Social and Economic Research, Economic and Social for Center Woodward. R. and Błaszczyk B. by , ; Sonoma, Calif.: Pub.,1997. Calif.: Brealey Nicholas ; Sonoma, Journal ofSocial Issues , October 4, October , Asia’s - pzl Decisions Israel’s in foreignolicy - 60P7&csi=6940&oc=00240&perma=true. - -

prvni - : arms, energy, and America’s future in Asia in future America’s and energy, arms, : nic Conoco to Acquire Unipetrol; Czech Republic.” Republic.” Czech Unipetrol; Acquire to Conoco

- deadly triangle deadly 7794. - - nas Geopolitics

- nástroj moci a ovládání konce 20. století?” 20. konce ovládání a moci nástroj , o 1 20) 215 (2003): 1 no. 2, soukrome

- . Bratislava: M.E.S.A. 10, 1999. , 1997. nie 2012. http://www.firstclass.cz/lode 2012. - laczy

16, no. 3 (2011): 536 3(2011): 16, no.

17, no. 3 (1961): 45 3(1961): 17, no. : how arms, energy, and growth threaten to destabilize Asia destabilize to threaten growth and energy, arms, how : - letadlo -

z - ro syjskimi - v Securi . Oxford university press,. Oxford 1974. 306 - cesku

- ty specsluzbami ‐ -

American relations: A social psychologist social A relations: American : a new framework for analysis for framework new a : jak

– – - - 56. . Oxford university press,. Oxford university 552. zbohatl Russia Agenda: From Interdependence From Agenda: Russia hmcl Week Chemical

al Deal Daily

. Vol. 1st. New York: W. Morrow, W. York: New 1st. Vol. .

rm omn o private to common From

al Deal Daily - - a 96.tl (accessed 19161.html - - a jak rvtzto i Post in Privatization - letadla/privatni Pražské Noviny, 1997, 2(58), 1997, Noviny, Pražské - kni/ (accessed skoncil/ Chemical Week Chemical Dcme 1, 2001. 18, December , Spebr 5 2002. 25, September , Nvme 6 2001. 6, November , Rudé Právo Rudé 002/00000001/art0

lni=44CN . Boulder, Colo.: Boulder, .

1972.

- 1 yas of years 10 : letani/muz , March 21, March , , January 2, January , Comparative - - communist - TSX0

wnload 5JW0 - SB00 - Pacific – Strefa 247. - - - ’ s - - - . CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW József. Debreczeni, Energy Government’s Gyurcsány The Manner: Hungarian in “Diversification András. Deák, lobbista nahrávce na in Policy Lustration of Evaluation and Motives The Action: říká in Laws “Lustration Roman. David, strany, politické platí a zemi řídí “ČEZ jaf. and zep, ČTK, ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— 2009. 2, February percent!”, 40 o štátu príjmy znížili kríza plynová a “Ekonomická ČTK. privatizace Kuponová ČT24: “Speciál (duk). ČT Klub. Energia and Centre, Research Corruption Chlo Coq, Le Security?” Banal or Total Security: Energy on Notes “Conceptual Felix. Ciuta, Ches i security: energy on perspectives three “The Jewell. Jessica and Aleh, Cherp, ter, L. “Conceptualising energy security and making explicit its polysemic nature.” nature.” polysemic its explicit making and security energy “Conceptualising L. ter, Policy.” Policy.” 2002. 387 2003): (1989 2009. Poland and http://zpravy.idnes.cz/cez Republic 24, Czech 23, the 2012. August April ČR”, 19, i /domaci.aspx?c=A120619_155647_ekono June svobodě”, Rusko iDNES.cz”, má na Zájem prodej. zůstane 27,2012).(accessed October na je http://tn.nova.cz/zpravy/ekonomika/unipetrol StB “Unipetrol . šéf /zahranicni.aspx?c=A001218_092324_zahranicni_mhk (accessed November 2,2012). “Poslední http://zpr . 2012). 6, (accessed April krízy plynovej z škody http://spravy.pravda.sk/sk_ekonomika.asp?c=A090206_092455_sk_pludia_p01 nevyčíslili ešte “Podniky . October 27,2012) http://zpravy.ihned.cz/c1 2011. potvrdil 29, September strany”, “Opozi . 6,2013). (accessed March vězení.” http://zpravy.e15.cz/domaci/udalosti/karel z venku letech osmi po je Srba “Karel . 40 http://www.cas.sk/clanok/104734/ekonomicka Sector Electricity privatizace http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ct24/exkluzivne Hungarian ČT24 the nt in http://energiakontrollprogram.hu/sites/energiakontrollprogram.hu/files/ekp_report_ Corruption 1/2/69e39a771b7e9b2a05ce78ef5be50f60 (accessed http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6V2W Union.” European 123. 2(2010): 41, no. policy 21, 2012). May (accessed http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877343511000583 integration.” for Sustainability potential the and roots disciplinary - - seeking percent.html (accessedpercent.html 2012). 6, April

38, no. 2 (2010): 887 2(2010): 38, no. , n Eea atea “esrn te euiy f xenl nry upy n the in supply energy external of security the “Measuring Paltseva. Elena and é, - International Issues Slovak & Foreign Affairs Policy schwarzenbergova ční politik potvrdil Schwarzenbergova slova o tom, že ČEZ skrytě sponzoroval skrytě ČEZ že tom, o slova Schwarzenbergova potvrdil politik ční —

- – avy.idnes.cz/posledni - and ceskoslovensky 439. http://www.jstor.org/stabl439.

Orbán Viktor - corruption.pdf 6,2013). (accessed March ČT24 .

, o 4 Spebr 01: 202 2011): (September 4 no. 3,

nry Policy Energy

. Osiris, 2 —

– - 895. - bestseller/ 2012). (accessed 10, March slova

ek televize.” Česká - sef - o 002. - - tom

stb

307 7 n. 1 Nvme 20) 4474 2009): (November 11 no. 37, - - - zustane 2001).” 2001).”

ze mika_zep 27,2012).(accessed October

– - cez e/1215775 (accessede/1215775 2010). August11,

oenet alrs Rent Failures, Government - československý bestseller bestseller československý srba - na - - skryte - - na je a & oil Inquiry Social & Law - - a ct24/1 je - - - plynova na svobode - Zprávy / E15.cz April 27, 2010). April 27, po - -

prode sponzoroval Č 24 Č XV, no.3 XV, - - -

osmi

4WR2C4X 41270 urn Oiin n Environmental in Opinion Current rvas” Fbur 6 2009. 6, February Pravda.sk”, - kriza Otbr 1 2011. 31, October , - j - - d6b - letech zajem 53058290 - Bdps, 2010. Budapest, . special - - elektrarna - -

znizili 4 (2006): 44 4 (2006): - - - - tay (accessed strany Spebr , 2010. 2, September ,

venku ma - ekn ad ik of Risks and Seeking -

ntellectual history, ntellectual ct24 — 8 n. (Spring 2 no. 28, - - - prijmy rusko opozicni

Security Dialogue Security - - Exkluzivně na Exkluzivně - z prunerov kuponova - vezeni vezeni – - - i 55. - statu cr.html -

politik –

Energy – 4481. - - o 212. 08i

- - re - - -

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW uott “nry ttsis, 2010. StB osob zájmových seznamu v “Hledání StB. osob Statistics”, zájmových Evidence ——— Energy.” 2: Part 2006: Figures in Transport & “Energy Commission. European and “Energy Eurostat, Eurostat http://www.eru.cz/dias 2012. úřadu”, regulačním Eurostat. Energetickém o “Informace ERU. Beszélő.” ERRA | patt “Villamosipari János. Eörsi energetiky: slovenskej riešenie alternatívne za Iniciatíva 2000, “ENERGIA 2000. ENERGIA Service.” Secret Communist to Ties Officials’Explores “Bulgaria DW. — ——— Alexander play.” Duleba, privatization power “Prague’s James. Drake, ruská.” vždy bude plynu “Část Vladimír. Dlouhý, Gergana. Dimitrova, Nye. S. Joseph and A., David Deese, “We Miller. B. Linda and A., David Deese, In Security.” Energy for Strategy U.S. “A Nye. S. Joseph and Alm, L. Alvin A., David Deese, —— ng10], n.d. 2012. http://ec.europa.eu/energy/publications/statistics/statistics_ - Energy.” 2: Part 2010: Figures in Transport & “Energy . _en.xls. http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/energy_transport/f Commission European and Eurostat October 28,2012). http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=nrg_100a& [nrg_100a]”, 2013). April 7, http://epp.eurost read_article.php?articleId=52 (accessed 27,2012). October 1999. http://www.er August SR”, politiky http://beszelo.c3.hu/keretes/villamosipari Energetickej prerokovanie verejné http://www.seps.sk/pravo/energia/e2000/e2000.doc (accessed 30,2012). October na Materiál 3185229 http://www.dw.de/bulgaria . “Pursuing Agenda.” Eastern an plynu.” zemného pravdepodobnosti vzniku, dodávok oblasti v príčin SR bezpečnosti energetickej zvýšenie na opatrení Analýza návrhy a opakovania 2009: januári v krízy plynovej z “Poučenia . (1996): 96 Relations.” European East 014S http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=45GM 5921. European University,Central 2008. Policy”. Infrastructure Energy and Transport and Policy Foreign Bulgarian on Paradigm 1981. Joseph Nye, Deeseand A. S. 181 Mass.: 1981. Pub. Co., Ballinger Security and Energy

aa xlrr “upy tasomto, consumption transformation, “Supply, Explorer. Data nry euaos einl soito. Pout/aif aaae, 2010. Database”, “Products/Tariff Association. Regional Regulators Energy -

, 1996. Y159&csi=244689&oc=00240&perma=true.

Directorate - 1 (accesse – 98. www.nato.int/acad/fellow/96 “rm oiain o atesi: h Prpcie o Russian of Perspectives The Partnership: to Domination “From .

Fo Bih Lgt o lcot Te nlec o te Europeanization the of Influence The Blackout: to Light Bright “From ranet.org/Products/TariffDatabase 8,2010). September (accessed - te.uoae/otlpg/otleeg/nrdcin (accessed at.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/energy/introduction Bratislava , edited by David A. Deese and Joseph S. Nye, 391 Nye, S. Joseph and Deese A. David by edited , eea fr nry n Transport and Energy for General

d June2013). 9,

(2009). http://www.sfpa.sk/dokumenty/publikacie/281. - explores ia Rpr t te AO eerh elwhp Program Fellowship Research NATO the to Report Final Energy and security and Energy

– Transition2 (19) 227. Cambridge, Mass.: 1981. Pub. Co., Ballinger

stern Europe.” In Europe.” stern -

- Directorate officials 308

- Lidové Noviny, 19 Noviny, Lidové patt (accessed 20,2012). December igures/pocketbook/doc/2006/2006_energy - Bes élő Hetila Hetila Bes élő - 98/duleba.pdf. ties -

eea fr nry n Transport and Energy for General (1996): 52 . Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger Pub. Co., Pub. Ballinger Mass.: Cambridge, . - to

- communist al Deal Daily Energy and Security and Energy Eurostat and European Commission European and Eurostat –

55. 1. zm Éfla 7. Évfolyam szám, 16. , 96, 9(275), S. 2. ISSN 0862 ISSN 2. S. 9(275), 96, -

en.htm. all products products all

DW.DE - secret Otbr , 2000. 5, October ,

- (accessed lang=en – -

, March 14, 2008. 14, March , , edited by David by edited , service/a 424. Cambridge, 424. A KAVAN”, JAN

nul data annual

– Central

- - H270 (2006): (2010):

1998 - – - - CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Of Assets PeterS.“Bonanza Privatized Green, or Sale Bust? Fizzles.” Czech cable embassy “US Prague. Embassy US Graber/ Domestic of Sources Republic. Slovak of Government International The Reversed: Image Second “The Peter. Gourevitch, making.” decision and “Threat Arian. Asher and Carol, Gordon, Asks Past? Spy “What Victor. Gomez, ——— MarshallGoldman, I. Continued.” Game, n.d. 2001. Spying “The Szakacs. Judit and Andras, Slovenska”, Gal, bezpečnost?” národní rezervy za odpovídá “Kdo Ivan. 5, Gabal, “Energeticke lokte.” dlouhé na “Diverzifikace Jana. Energie. Frančíková, November Alternativne model economy political A force: of use the and perception threat of politics “The B. Fordham, Pre Fond Mihail”, 1, ——— November (accessed http://foaf.sk/firmy/15560#historia 2012. a.s.”, “Plastika, “Rahimkulov, FOAF. FN24. ——— 7, February electricity”, imported to access want groups Power “EUROPE: Times. Financial FideszFIDESZ. “A http://www.fgsz.hu/en/content/company n.d. FGSZ”, | history “Company FGSZ. new the security: “Energy Martin. M. A. Ferguson, Köll János Koltay, Jenõ Kézdi, Gábor Barnabás, Ferenczi, eebr 8 20, e. Business. sec. 2001, 2005 roku 18, do December http://cables.mrkva.eu/cable.php?i republiku 30, 2012). October (accessed http://www.vlada.gov.sk/uznesenia/1997/0930/uz_0684_1997.html Slovenskú Politics.” (2001): 196 man.html (accessedOctober 22,2012). http://www.praguepost.com/archivescontent/16693 Joseph111 and Nye, S. In Countries.” Communist of Role “The . 7, April 2012). (accessed http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,339026,00.html ISSN 1210 0862 of uses US o http://www.seps.sk/zp/fond/uspory/2.htm 1,2012). (accessed November http://foaf.sk/firmy/244756#historia 2012. Košice”, spoločnosť (accessed November akciová “VSŽ . 2012). 2012). http://fn.hir24.hu/vallalkoz signals. “Hungary state utilities sell 2001. 2012). 24, (accessed March Issues 2002. 2002 In Market Transformation.” Labour Of Decade Hungarian A Wages: I. Focus “In Sik. Endre and Medgyesi, (accessedVAN 27,2012). October http://www.svazky.cz/test/svazkyMT.php?display=byname&jmeno=JAN&prijm=KA -

9587. 29, no. 4 (2008): 366 4(2008): 29, no.

International Organization International

- , 1996. – 1168. - 215. f force, 1949 f force, Magyar Polgári Párt pontj választási negyven The Piratiz

, 1994.

1, 2012). –

ation ofRussia: Russian Goes Reform Awry 130. Mass.: Cambridge, 1981. Pub. Co., Ballinger - Uznesenie 684/1997 k návrhu aktualizovanej energetickej aktualizovanej návrhu k 684/1997 Uznesenie – 1994.” 1994.”

370. as/2001/11/05/rahimkulov_mihail (accessed December 20, December (accessed as/2001/11/05/rahimkulov_mihail

eie b Krl Fzks n Jn Kla. Budapest, Koltay. Jenő and Fazekas Károly by edited ,

International Studies Quarterly 32 (Autumn 1978): 881

- d=101712 (accessed 27,2012). October off this year”, February4, offyear”, 1993. this

30 o Ol Man Oil Top 9

Energy and Security and Energy ISSN 3. S. 40(217), 1996, Noviny, Hos odářské cold war.” cold - ld Fron Mladá

õ, Erzsébet Eperjesi Lindner, Márton Lindner, Eperjesi Erzsébet õ, 7RGE1” Mrh 3 2007. 23, March 07PRAGUE313”, - what International Journal of Global Energy Global of Journal International – a”, 1998.a”, 911. - - spy

42, no. 3 (1998): 3(1998): 42, no. 567 a ns 19, (6) S 6. S. 5(161), 1994, Dnes, ta , edited by David A. Deese A. David by edited , h Pau Ps” n.d. Post”, Prague The ora o Cnlc Resolution Conflict of Journal

. Routledge, 2003. . Routledge, - TIME past

- asks Ags 2, 2002. 20, August , The New York Times 1997. , -

top

- oil koncepcie pre koncepcie -

– - history 590. The

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW State day: the seize state, the “Seize Kaufmann. Daniel and Jones, Geraint Joel, Hellman, Vaclav Series: Speaker Distinguished Policy “Foreign University). (Cornell Michelsen Heike Stoevska. Valentina and Susan, Hayter, demokra “Akcionáfiská Jiří. Havel, Affair.” Family A Assets “Gazprom Florian. Hassel, politics business, for playground Russia’s “Latvia: Luke. Harding, ——— neochromí.” nás hrozba “Ruská Jitka. Hanžlová, ply v cesta “Česká Mojmír. Hampl, utilities public the in privatization and “Restructuring D. Hall, Pa Hájek, ——— ——— of (University Policy Public of Study the for Centre and Rose, Richard Christian, Haerpfer, States.” Wilde. György Baltic the in Influence Russian Power: Soft and Coercion “Legacies, Agnia. Grigas, ——— ——— Greskovits, “Brothers Béla. Klaus, President of Czech Republic.” Republic.” Czech (2000). no. 2444 of transition.” in influence and corruption capture, President us http://events.cornell.edu/event/foreign_policy_distinguished_speaker_series_vaclav_kla Klaus, In Coverage:Bargaining Statistical International Finance and (accessedaffair/253518.html 26,2012). September http://www.themoscowtimes.com/business/article/gazprom June 8,2013). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jan/23/latvia guardian.co.uk.” 5921. zdrojem.” jediným být nemusí “Rusko . 5921. 38 Roč.č. 7, 1996, edition. (1997). of (University ISSN 0862 Policy Public of Study the for Centre 1992. Strathclyde), Glasgow: 204. policy public . forCentre theStudyo . 1993. of Strathclyde), (University Policy Public of Study the for Centre Glasgow: 212. policy public in Studies Strathclyde). nutshell House BriefingChatham Paper (2005):113 no. 39 Europe.” Eastern in Capitalism of Varieties the and Sectors “Leading . CASE Poland.” for lessons with experience Hungarian the reforms: economic “Consolidating . Socialist Countries Transformation.” Hungarian the in privatized http://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/18/business/bonanza New Democracies Barometer 4: A 10 A 4: Barometer Democracies New e Dmcais ewe Sae n Mre: Bsln Rpr o Pbi Opinion Public of Report Baseline A Market: and State Between Democracies New vel, and (fl). “Bude privatizace energetiky“Budeprivatizace bolet?”(fl). and vel, _president_of_czech_republic (accessed _president_of_czech_republic 20, May 2013). , 1996. , 1997. , n.d. , n.d. 22,2012).www.mol.hu/repository/782135.pdf (accessed December -

CEU Working Papers Face and faith and Face -

asse - 5, no. 9 5, no. 7436.

Europe: Eastern in Transformation to Adapting ts

- (2001

fizzles.html (accessed October 27, fizzles.html (accessed October 2012). (1993).

- – 10 (2005): 441 -

in 128

- ): 111

f (University Policy Public 1996. ofStrathclyde), - Arms or Rivals in Politics? Top Politicians and Top Makers Policy inPolitics?Top orRivals Arms Politicians and The 20 year history of the Hungarian Petrole Hungarian the of history year 20 The . http://gerpisa.org/actes/39/gerpisa_actes39.html.

h Guardian The

cie „Czech made “.” “.” made „Czech cie , no. 31 (1999). , no.31 – (2012). nu: Dovoz z Ruska na věčné časy.” časy.” věčné na Ruska z Dovoz nu: 41.

Social Dialogue Indicators: Trade Union Density and Collective and Density Union Trade Indicators: Dialogue Social –

459. - Nation Survey Nation eomn te tt: icl n Wlae eom n Post in Reform Welfare and Fiscal State: the Reforming 310

quiry 2008

Lidové Noviny, 1997, 10(66), S. [1]. ISSN 0862 ISSN [1]. S. 10(66), 1997, Noviny, Lidové 9( 1996, Noviny, Idové Jnay 3 2013. 23, January , . Studies in public policy 262. Glasgow: 262. policy public in Studies . Finance a úvûr a Finance World Bank Policy Research Working Paper Working Research Policy Bank World

Sondy odborových sva ů, 1993, 3(14), s. 2.s. 3(14),1993, ů, odborovýchsva Sondy - 09 h Mso Times Moscow The . ILO, 2010. - russian – Europe.” Europe.”

- or – e Dmcais aoee 2 Barometer Democracies New

- and crime | World news | | news World | crime and - bust assets – - um Association (HPA) in a in (HPA) Association um lyrud (access playground

5) S 1. SN 0862 ISSN 11. S. 258), Czech Journal of Economics of Journal Czech Respekt -

czech London: PSIRU Report PSIRU London: - a -

family My 1 2001. 21, May , Cornell - , September 16, September , Actes du Gerpisa du Actes sale

- - n.d. , Suis in Studies . of

- ed - - - , . ,

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW ——— ——— draft up draws Government REPORTS; GOVERNMENT “BUDGET AND Radio. Hungarian scrutiny under ties Lukoil “Klaus’ Markéta. Hulpachová, ——— dovozce tvrdí šok, cenový nepřinesse plynu zdrojů “Diverzifikace (jaf). noviny Hospodářské Horn a Adalékok olajügyek: az és olajgate “Az D. Gábor Horváth, 16, December Request”, Data Attitudes Global “Pew Pewresearch. and Katie, Sprehe, Holzwart case A images: national and system belief “The R. Ole Holsti, ——— olajgate erőmű “Az Vilmos. Holló, az norské o lže “Folytatódik Klaus “Václav Čestmír. Hofhanzl, Richárd. Hlavay, O. Albert Hirschman, ——— Hirm J Suzuki, Tatsujiro David, Hippel, Von Hellma Hel lman, Joel, and Daniel Kaufmann. “Confronting the Challenge of State Capture in Transition in CaptureState of Challenge the “Confronting Kaufmann. Daniel and Joel, lman, n Krl “ei elnj pea pervu oy Tženk RN | eTREND”, | TREND Týždenník | ropy prepravcu predať neplánujú “Česi Karel. an, n, Joel S. “Winners take all: the politics of partial reform in postcommunist transitions.” postcommunist in reform partial of politics the all: take “Winners S. Joel n, Broadcasts companies.” energy privatizing for plans on briefed “Journalists . BBC Summaryof Broadcasts World home of purchase on Negotiations “HUNGARY; . 0017 http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3S51 socio of scrutiny.html 2013). 20, (accessedMay Pos kontrolu.” ponechat energetice v chtít ISSN S.2. 0862 42(163), bude asi si “Stát . Transgas.” olajugyek Magya 2009. 244 3(1962): 6, no. 6719 plant erőmű “Az . plant power October 22,2012). http://www.cesky 20, 2012). http://energiainfo.hu/cikk/folytatodik_az_olajgate 2011): political economy.international Politika,1995,Mezinárodní 19 19(4), S. a ropy dodávok “Diverzifikácia . http://www.etrend.sk/trend 2001. neplanuju 11, April 21, 2012). May (accessed Asia.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509005138 Northeast in sustainability (November and security “Energy Politics http://journals.cambridge.org/abstract_S0043887100008091 (accessed 7,2013). March World March 10, 2013). (accessed http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2001/09/hellman.htm Economies.” t Mrh 2 20. http://www.praguepost.com/news/757 2009. 12, March , -

G0SB&csi=10962&oc=00240&perma=true. - rnemzet mine integration).” mine integration).” - , December 22,1994., December -

- cnmc pact.” economic 857026 (accessed857026 20,2012). December predat Hos odářské Noviny, 1996, 40(212), S 1996,40(212), Hos odářské Noviny, - Spebr 5 20. http://mno.hu/migr_1834/az 2000. 25, September , -

áy itgái lzrs é étkls (lsn adeautn te power the evaluating and (Closing értékelése és lezárása integráció bánya mine int iac ad eeomn | F&D | Development and Finance ainl oe ad h srcue f oeg trade foreign of structure the and power National - prepravcu -

dialog.net/clanek/1681 – -

252. bánya integráció II. és III. üteme (The 2nd and 3rd phase of the the of phase 3rd and 2nd (The üteme III. és II. integráció bánya egration).” -

9587. MVM Közleményei Rt. - ropy.html (accessed November 1,2012). B Smay f ol Broadcasts World of Summary BBC 0 n. 2 19) 203 (1998): 02 no. 50,

, 1998.

. Budapest Berkeley: UniversityBerkeley: Press, ofCalifornia 1945. ms . ilas Tmty aae ad ee Hayes. Peter and Savage, Timothy Williams, H. ames MVM Közleményei Rt.

ln d Č a R e taeiku tzo dneška.” otázkou strategickou je SR a ČR do plynu

- 21. ISSN0543

311

- home service, Novemberhome service, 1992. 16, m plynu plynu m vaclav . [1], 2. ISSN0862 , April1993.

- - archiv/rok -

klaus

- News g.26hm (cesd December (accessed ugy.3246.html - -

produced coal by electricity board.” electricity by coal produced 7962. -

, March1994. 8 n. (etme 2001). (September 3 no. 38, - - ek dao” Jnay , 2006. 3, January dialog”, Český study.” ügy.” lze - , 1995. -

o The Prague Post.” Prague The Vl Epne. tde in Studies Expanded. Vol. . - - /cislo norskem nry Policy Energy - o dřk Nvn, 1998, Noviny, Hos odářské Journal of Conflict Resolution Conflict of Journal omn felelősségéhez.” kormány Decemb ,

- - 9587. klaus BBC Summary of World of Summary BBC Energiainfó - Apr%C3%ADl/cesi

- - , 1996. ln (accessed plynu lukoil - olajgate

r 6 1994. 16, er 2002. , 11 no. 39,

ties The Prague The - R5K0 - – under - es – 6730. 234. - - az

- - -

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW tagozatából.” vállalkozói MSZP az “Nevek Gábor. Juhász, Kaderják.” Peter with Interview (law)! gas a “What Zegnal. Judit of Security Energy for Standards “EU Seebregts. A. and Scheepers, M. Maters, H. J., Jong, De ——— ——— Jesný Jervis, Robert. Járosi, long of indicators “Designing Boots. G. M. and Arkel, Van G. W. C., J. Jansen, panika nastala medveďmi, za odišiel premiér “Keď Vladimír. Jancura, 1995. Justice. of Court International June Interfax. ——— ——— feszültség”, IEA/OECD. “Magas Babiše.” od „deset“ soudu vysvětluje stole“ na „pět kauzy z “Lobbista iDnes. Archívum. ——— HVG ——— ——— , Martin. “Čo robia milióny za Slovnaft | Týždenník TREND | eTREND”, October 11, October eTREND”, | TREND Týždenník | Slovnaft za milióny robia “Čo Martin. ,

átn ad rő Petz. Ernő and Márton, (accessed 20,2012). December http://archivum.hvg.hu/article/199550Nevek_az_MSZP_vallalkozoi_tagozatab http://sip 22, 2012).December 2007. 5, (2006). Supply” 1,2012).(accessed November v http://www.etrend.sk/trend “Napätie megawattmi.” . s drôte megawattmi.html (accessed 1,2012). November na http://www.etrend.sk/trend “Klaster http://www.etrend.sk/trend . slovnaft.html 1,2012). (accessed November 2010. Manuscript, www.enpol2000.hu/files/jp_priv_utan_en.doc. 2000. supply security.” (accessede_p58 2012). 30, July http://spravy.pravda. 2010. 1997. 1997). 37 http://www.interfax.com/txt.asp?rb . Panrusgáznál”, . Deve a babise 2001 “Részvényátruházás (accessed 20,2012). December http://archivum.hvg.hu/article/199737Reszvenyatruhazas_a_Panrusgaznal.aspx . 2012). 20, December (accessed http://archivum.hvg.hu/article/199506Magas_feszultseg.aspx 002S http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3W37 Broadcasts inaction.” government over strikes call to ready unions “Trade . 0017 http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3S51 World supplies.” gas and electricity regulating on bill draft submits “Minister . Natural gasinformation with2008Natural 2009: data surveyHungary 1991 (Energy policies: ) a mre dt (optr ie eevd rm O Gs Hungary) Gas EON from received file (computer data market Gas - http://zpravy.idnes.cz/lobbista . - lopment, 1995.lopment, G52F&csi=10962&oc=00240&perma=true. W1NK&csi=10962&oc=00240&perma=true.

- Energy policies of Hungary: 1995 survey 1995 Hungary: of policies Energy pb9 Perception and misperception in international misperceptionin politics Perception and Jn 6, June , - /krimi.aspx?c=A110118_132549_krimi_cen (accessed 28, March 2012).

Energy of Netherlands researchCentre the ECN

ikc Slovalca.” linkách Broadcasts

sk/sk_domace.asp?r=sk_domace&c=A101106_083522_sk_domac - rnigtce.o/es20/30/355.t (accessed trunking.tmcnet.com/news/2007/03/05/2385256.htm Gabčíkovo bu te ugra eeg plc pir o h acsin o h EU the to accession the to prior policy energy Hungarian the About - - Nvme 8 1993. 8, November , archiv/rok archiv/rok

- Nagymaros Project (Hungary/Slovakia) Project Nagymaros . OECD/IEA, 1992. . OECD/IEA, r=9 (accessed April 7, 2013). 7, r=9 (accessedApril 312 - - - 2011/cislo 2012/cislo - z . Organisation for Economic Co Economic for Organisation . ýždenník R ND R ýždenník archiv/rok . 2009. OECD/IEA, -

kauzy

ýždenník R ND R ýždenník

- pet

- -

. PrincetonPr, Univ 1976. 11/napat 19/klaster - - 2010/cislo na -

stole Budapest Business Journal Business Budapest

(2004). V Archívum HVG - ie vysvetluje - -

- na Mrh 6 2011. 16, March , Pravda.sk”, November 6, November Pravda.sk”, v - 45/co

- linkach drote BBC Summary of World of Summary BBC

(Contentious Cases (Contentious a 1, 2012. 16, May - iDnes - robia - s soudu BBC Summary of Summary BBC - - slovalca.html slovalca.html - operation and operation - , January 18, January , 5 1995. 50 , em energy term -

miliony - - deset TCR0 ol.aspx - 68C0 , n.d. ,

March

1991. - - od za - - - - . CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW ed. J., Neil Kritz, And There Or Republic: Czech The And Russia Between Relations “Political Petr. Kratochvíl, ——— D. Stephen Krasner, MOL a hülyeség való “Tanítani András. Kósa, Haggard. Stephan and János, Kornai, the Overcoming of Problem the and System Democratic New a “Creating Lubomír. Kopeček, “Gazex Alexandrovič. Jurij Komarov, nyerünk?”Kocsis, “Ésha György. Koch, 2006. 11, January ministry”, ——— jeho a Grosse vyslýchat jedou “Poláci Jaroslav. Kmenta, T. Michael Klare, to “Hungary Kester, sell Eddy. Mol.” stake in ——— ——— Katze Costs.” 13. Energy by Battered “Hungary Amy. Kaslow, Szám 7, Évfolyam Beszélő”, | napjai u előélet nehéz “Az Gergely. Sándor Karácsony, “Nagy Béla. Kalmár risk.” under decision of Goldwyn. analysis L. David and An H., Jan Kalicki, theory: “Prospect Tversky. A. and D., Kahneman, nstein, Peter J. Peter nstein, David. “Hungary’s Prime Minister Exposed as Former Communist Spy”, July 25, 2002. 25, July Spy”, Communist Former as Exposed Minister Prime “Hungary’s David. General Considerations General In Again?” Back Industrial States Advanced In Weakness.” Internal and Strength External of Paradox the Unraveling Policy: Monetary and Commercial States “United . Princeton: Princeton University Press, 197 _to (accessed December2012). 22, http:/ 2007. Countries (n Communist Past: Case” The Czech více.”ročně 2009. http://www.worldpress.org/Europe/651.cfm (accessed 2012). 7, April NATO.” zemí členských ISSN S.10. 1210 6(64), 1995, ropovodu k připojit nemůže se “Praha . /domaci.aspx?c=A060910_232729_domaci_ad (accessed 22,2012). October http://zpravy.idne Books, 2001. Budapest, N.Y.: UniversityIthaca, Cornell Press, 1985. of Policies . Economic Foreign Structures: Domestic Industrial StatesAdvanced and Relations “International . Madison: University ofWisconsin Press, 1978. 4NV0 http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3SJB 1990. (accessed March http://www.karacsonygergely.hu/letoltesek/Angeluszkotet_Karacsony_teljes.pdf 341. In megbízhatósága.” http://beszelo.c3.hu/cikkek/nagy Illustrated The Hopkins Johns edition. University Press, 2005. Econometrica Small states in worldmarkets in states Small /hirszerzo.hu/hirek/2007/6/30/38885_tanitani_valo_hulyeseg_a_molprivatizacio - 0012 . Cambridge University. Cambridge Press, 2001. Transitional Justice: How Emerging Democracies Reckon with Former Regimes Former with Reckon Democracies Emerging How Justice: Transitional Resource wars Resource

- 47, no. 2(1979):47, no. 263 Hos odářské Noviny, [1], ISSN S. 4. 0862 1997,41(58), 246S&csi=7945&oc=00240&perma=true (accessed 2013). 11, March

Defending the National Interest: Raw Materials Investments and U.S. Foreign Policy Foreign U.S. and Investments Materials Raw Interest: National the Defending Between Power and Plenty: Foreign Economic Policies of Advanced Industrial States Industrial Advanced of Policies Economic Foreign Plenty: and Power Between 11, 2013). Paper Presented at ICEG PresentedPaper ICEG at EC Conference s.cz/polaci . United StatesInstitute 1995. ofPeace, Átás

: the new landscape of global conflict global of landscape new the : , 51 - viszonyok. Tanulmányok Angelusz Róbert 70. Születésnapjára. 70. Róbert Angelusz Tanulmányok viszonyok. .” .”

– Tallózó : industrial policy in Europe inpolicy industrial : 87; Madison: University ofWisconsin Press, International Organization, International - ólt. z gkr MSZMP egykori Az tóélete. - 1168. jedou port: ČR zaplatí za ruský plyn až o 150 milionů dolarů dolarů milionů 150 o až plyn ruský za zaplatí ČR port: Reforming the State: Fiscal and Welfare Reform in Post in Reform Welfare and Fiscal State: the Reforming – , no. January 11 (1996): 55 11(1996): , no.January 291. - Energy and Security: Toward a New Foreign Policy Strat Policy Foreign New a Toward Security: and Energy

sandor , 1995. - vyslychat .d.).

Financial Times ewe Pwr n Pet: oeg Eooi Plce of Policies Economic Foreign Plenty: and Power Between 313

- -

nehez privatizáció története.” története.” privatizáció

grosse The Christian Science Monitor Science Christian The - napjai (accessed December 20, 2012). . Cornell studies in political economy. political in studies Cornell . , October 17,2002., October , no. 30 (Winter 1976): (Winter , no.30 1 - , 5:6, 2004. , 5:6, a . Vol. 1st. New York: Metropolitan York: New 1st. Vol. . - jeho

- – - ministry asga oakz adatok vonatkozó tagságra 57.

- 9587. Hirszerzo.hu - f44 ld Fot Dnes, Fronta Mladá

, 1997.

- 1978. , November 1, November ,

–

45. Jn 30, June , , Volume I: Volume , -

Socialist , 328 , egy

– - . . . CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW analytical and linkages Theoretical war: of causes the and “Misperception S. Jack Levy, ——— Hrad!” files service secret “Missing Ľuba. Lesná, na banku.” Devín na banku “Lukoil zmenili politici “Ako Marián. Leško, Jiří. Leschtina, “D Hayden. S. Lesbirel, ——— Dlouhého.” Vladimíra realita Objektivní nepříčetný: nebyl Rus aby “Jen István. Lékó, industry using study a shocks: price oil of effects dynamic the “On Ni. Shawn and Kiseok, Lee, Ned. Richard Lebow, “Prehovoril!” testperception,Matter:of A threat Culture andBethany,“Democracy Lee. Charlotte and Lacina, Gavorník. Štefan and Roland, Kyška, Lucia. Kurekova, Roman. Kupchinsky, podzim.” na už Ingolstadtu z ropovodu kilometry “První Vítězslav. Kulich, (IPB).” Banka Postovni a Investicni of Fall and Rise “The Zdenek. Kudrna, benzin platil nám Chemapol přiznali: ČSSD “Lídři Kmenta. Jaroslav and Jiří, Kubík, karet čipových deset dostala nás od ČSSD Transu: Chemapol vedení “Člen Jiří. Kubík, energy for “Indicators Groenenberg. H. and Vries, de H.J.M. Vuuren, van D.P. Bert, Kruyt, . “Tisova vila a Gašparovičove spisy ŠTB.” ŠTB.” spisy problems.” Gašparovičove a 20, 2012).(accessed October vila http://www.delet.sk/spravy “Tisova . http://spectator.sme.sk/articles/view/27835/2/ (accessed 2012). 24, March 3,2012).(accessed November 2007. http://www.sme.sk/c/104190/ako http://dialog.ihned.cz/komentare/c1 Journal ofPolitical Science(Cambridge) podtlakem. “Vláda ruské lobby.” S.52 3(44), 1996, data.” level October 1981. University PressBaltimore, US.” Science Association Conference the in formation opinion policy foreign and trust, 1, November 2012 (accessed http://www.pluska.sk/plus7dni/rozhovor/prehovoril.html 28,2012).(accessed October http University, Union. European s.4.ISSN0862 37(173), 1993, ht 25,2012).(accessed October 2002). 10, (September 21, 2012). nam 1999. 30, September iDNES.cz”, 21,2012).(accessed October od http://zpravy.idnes.cz/clen 1999. 1, October iDNES.cz”, 6/2/7dfa92a4c8ec60293f20a099949e871a (accessed 8,2010). February http://www.sciencedirect.com/sc security.” - nas ://votcceu.googlepages.com/ExportStructures_ResearchNote_Kureko.pdf - ). platil

- dostala

- Commodity export structures and the analysis of trends in leading export sectors in the the in sectors export leading in trends of analysis the and structures export Commodity benzin Journal ofMonetary Economics World PoliticsWorld Ga rom’s u nry Policy Energy - deset

Between iversification and Energy Security Risks: The Japanese Case.” Case.” Japanese The Risks: Security Energy and iversification - - 57. ISSN 1210 uaet Pltcl cnm Rsac Gop Cnrl European Central Group, Research Economy Political Budapest: fqb - cipovych - dmc.sxc903_953dmc_t (cesd October (accessed /domaci.aspx?c=990930_090553_domaci_itu

36, no. 1 (1983): 76 1(1983): 36, no. ec ad a: h ntr o itrainl crisis international of nature The war: and peace

(2009). ropean Webropean tp://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2144277 -

- - 9587. politika/editorial/tisova karet - 9940.

ience/article/B6V2W Týden, 1997, 4(6), S. 26. ISSN 26. 1210 4(6),S. Týden, 1997, 5, no. 1(2004):5, no. 1 7 n. (ue 09: 2166 2009): (June 6 no. 37, -

politici (1993). 1g1 http://zpravy.idnes.cz/lidri reconstructed.” . The Jamestown Foundation,2009. - 55962350 , 1996.

314 49, no. 4 (2002): 4(2002): 49, no. - /domaci.aspx?c=991001_114315_domaci_itu

zmenili –

99. -

o dřk Noviny Hos odářské lukoil - – banku 22. h Soa Spectator Slovak The - - ls dní 7 Plus na vila -

823 4VV1BD3 - - hra - Prepared for the Midwest Political Political Midwest the for Prepared na - vedeni – a - Delet 852. - SME d (accessed May 2013). 20, gasparovicove devin -

cssd Arl 5 2009. 25, April , - Spebr , 2001. 3, September , chemapol - - Arl 4 2009. 24, April , banku.html - - 9940. priznali

Hos odářské noviny, noviny, Hos odářské . Johns Hopkins Hopkins Johns . 5 2012. 5 ,

, June 4, 2007. 2007. 4, June , SN eLibrary SSRN , 1997. -

- spisy tran - chemapol su -

Japanese stb – - Týden, 2181. cssd

- - - -

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Stuart. John Mill, Miklovi Péter. Mihályi beszállása leggazdagabbjának ország az el indított spekulációkat “OTP: Fórum. Menedzsment policy.” foreign US and lobby Israel “The Walt. M. Stephen and J., John Mearsheimer, pieniądze?” Vodochody ma Aero buy to suitable not Chemapol “Klaus: Brendan. McNally, Penta “Skąd Piotr. Mazurkiewicz, Mayer ——— Way’.” ‘Czech The Go To Refineries Oil Wants “Klaus Ann. Marsh, “Š Vagovič. Marek privatizácie.” slovenskej model politici: a “Manažéri Anton. Marcinčin, “Olajgate Nemzet. Magyar Gazprom “A Hírlap. Magyar “Off C. M. ——— cesta.” jedna jenom vede divarzifikaci opravdové “K Vratislav. Ludvík, Lovins. Hunter L. and B., Amory Lovins, War.” for Push “The Anatol. Lieven, ——— - ich Aeadr ad al D Greiff. De Pablo and Alexander, Rieckh, č, Michal. Michal. č, 8 1994. 2006. szeptember the and Evidence Methods of Investigation Scientific mfor.hu”, 2012). 20, Kiadó December (accessed http://econ.core.hu/file/download/privatizacio/ertekeles.pdf Fórum, Egyetemi http://www.mfor.hu/cikkek/29956.html (accessed December Menedzsment 4967.2006.00260.x/full (accessed April 25,2013). Policy East not http://www.praguepost.com/archivescontent/ October 23,1996. http://www.ekonomia24.pl/artykul/352311.html (accessed 2,2012). November societiestransitional 00BJ http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview 18, Refineries.” Oil Of Control For Compete Interests Czech “Western, . 00BJ http: March 8,2013). http://www.sme.sk/c/3367764/siroky 2012). 2, November (accessed http://journal.fsv.cuni.cz/storage/2843_199711am.pdf (1997). http://mno.hu/migr/olajgateugy 20, 2012). December (accessed http://www.origo.hu/uzletinegyed/hirek/20020221agazprom.html (Brussels).”, 2,2008. December ISSN0862 S.11. 40(207), české privatizací “S . ISSN S.5. 0231 88(303), Mass.: 1982. House Pub.Co., Brick 2013). http://www.lrb.co.uk/v24/n19/anatol (1998): 139 peace.”of conditions the and war of causes “The . - suitable - //www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3SJH - - eod icsin ih ih akn ofca a te lvk iity f economy of ministry Slovak the at official ranking high with discussion record Y3C0&csi=151894&oc=00240&perma=true. Y384&csi=151894&oc=00240&perma=true.

Mga Piaiái Enciklopédiája Privatizáció Magyar A

A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive: Being a Connected View of the Principles of Principles the Viewof Connected a Inductive:Being and Ratiocinative Logic,System of A Rezidentúra EXPO

– 3 n. (06: 29 (2006): 3 no. 13, - 165. to iroký chcel byť tajným aj po revolúcii.” revolúcii.” po aj tajným byť chcel iroký - buy

. SSRC, 2007. . SSRC, - aero - o lnrntí y e eěo váhat.” nemělo se by plynárenství ho ügy: lassú nyomozás.” nyomozás.” lassú ügy: - - vodochody.html (accessed 25,2012). October vodochody.html 732X. – - 9587.

- tet a Panrusgázt.” a átvette 67

. Paměť Dějiny. 2011. USTRCR, a , 1996.

, 1996. MTA Közgazdaságtudományi Intézet, 2010. 2010. Intézet, Közgazdaságtudományi MTA – 7 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10 87. - l

assu

Brittle power Brittle

- 315 - - nyomozas odn eiw f Books of Review London lieven/the chcel

. John W. Parker,1843. W. . John Justice as prevention: vetting public employees in in employees public vetting prevention: as Justice . 2 vols. Veszprém Veszprém vols. 2 . - byt

: energy strategy for national security national for strategy energy : -

- tajnym /getDocForCuiReq?lni=3SJH - ayr Nemzet Magyar 624597 (accessed624597 20,2012). December

push Annual R Annual

Ekonomia24.pl - Http://www.origo.hu/ for - aj - - po a (cesd pi 25, April (accessed war eview of Political Science Political ofeview

- 20, 2012). o dřk Nvn, 1996, Noviny, Hos odářské Prague Post Prague eoui.tl (accessed revolucii.html SME Finance a úvěr a Finance

25024 , October 3, 2002. 2002. 3, October , Ags 2, 2009. 22, August , Ags 1, 2004. 18, August , –

Svobodné Slovo, 1996, 1996, Slovo, Svobodné

- Jn 2, 2007. 27, June ,

uaet Pannon Budapest: The Prague Post”, Prague The

klaus Prague Post Prague , May 25, 1994. 25, May , .1111/j.1475 2 2002. 21 , -

. Andover, . chemapol 47, no. 11 no. 47, - -

YY70 YY40

1, no. 1 no. 1, Middle , May May , - - - - -

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW ——— ——— ——— ——— 2003. MTI “AgreementonHUF electricity 8.6bn sector Econews. 8,1998. fund”, May 9, September befektetőket”, orosz ——— az látja ——— szívesen “Medgyessy MTI. ——— ——— Zapadno a Jukosz a és MOL “A MOL. zmlúv “Zoznam Republic. Slovak of Affairs Foreign of Ministry Szerződés Web: “CONTRACT Hungary. of Affairs Foreign of Ministry s smluv mezinárodních platných “Seznam Republic. Czech of Affairs Foreign of Ministry n.d. Internete”, na SR register “Obchodný Republiky. Slovenskej Spravodlivosti Ministerstvo Milne, Seumas. “Europe: Bashing Unions in the East East the in Unions Bashing “Europe: Seumas. “oenet rf o piaiain f nry sec nonLatin1Chars=true. energy of rivatization+of+energy+sector&csi=237924&oc=00240&shr=t&scl=t&hac=f&hct=f& privatization on 1994. http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/api/version1/sr?sr=Government+draft+on+p draft “Government 12, . April hac=f&hct=f&nonLatin1Chars=true. 2003. says”, Matolcsy Austria”, beralised+in+three+years%2C+Matolcsy+says&csi=237924&oc=00240&shr=t&scl=t& years, three 9, in liberalised and http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/api/version1/sr?sr=Gas+prices+should+be+li be should prices September “Gas Hungary . előtt”, Between csi=237924&oc=00240&shr=t&scl=t&hac=f&hct=f&nonLatin1Chars=true. 2001. Pipeline Hungary+and+Austria%C3%A2%E2%82%AC%C2%9D%2C+April+12%2C+1994.& tőke “Gas http://www.lexisnexi orosz . 11, az . “Electricitydistributors’ shows 1,1997. improvement”,October performance út February az n.d. 2012). Decemb (accessed “Szabad http://www.origo.hu/gazdasag/hirek/20030909szabad.html Pozsonyban”, . http://www.fidesz.hu/index.php?Cikk=4941via: (accessed 2013). 11, March “Mol . volt http://index.hu/gazdasag/magyar/orosz030909/ (accessed December2012). 22, “Ünnep bruar_11./ (accessed July 7, 2013). http://www.mol.hu/hu/a_molrol/mediaszoba/koz . 11, “MOL 2013). March (accessed http://bet.hu/newkibdata/107028429/MOL110519QRH01.pdf . 22,2012).December es MOL PAGE_VSETKYZMLUVY zoznam_zmluv_podla_statov&CSTATE=RUSKO&OpenDocument=Y&LANG=SK& zmluvy __politika&TG=BlankMaster&URL=/App/WCM/main.nsf/vw_ByID/medzinarodne_ http://www.mzv.sk/servlet/content?MT=/App/WCM/main.nsf/vw_ByID/zahranicna n.d. http://www.kulugyminiszterium.hu/szerzodes/main.aspx. http://www.mzv.cz/jnp/cz/encyk and Republic Czech between Russia]”, treaties international of [List Rusko republikou: Českou http://w NWW0 http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=40FN Guardian free before heel.” to workers bring to moves reportson Milne bite. reallySeumas policies market size to down movement union trade assertive increasingly the cutting busy - jukosz -

Csoport Befektetői Kapcsolatok”, December 20, 2002. http://ir.mol.hu/hu/mol 2002. 20, December Kapcsolatok”, Befektetői Csoport - - privatizáció: családellenes dö családellenes privatizáció: - Lno, uut , 1991. 9, August London, . 00VY ww.orsr.sk/ 4,2012). (accessedNovember - zapadno - - 912T&csi=138620&oc=00240&perma=true. spr Iőöi eeőéi ezml” 2011. Beszámoló”, Vezetőségi Időközi Csoport - malobalik

s.com/nl/business/api/version1/sr?sr=Gas+Pipeline+Between+

- - DWMCEA olajmezore -

aoai oamzr vntoó zrőét r aá | alá írt szerződést vonatkozó olajmezőre Malobalik lopedie_statu/evropa/rusko/smlouvy/index.html. ntés a nagytőke javára”, October 11, 2002. Accessed 2002. 11, October javára”, nagytőke a ntés

316 - - vonatkozo 7XEM76=4.

Governments in Hungary and Poland are Poland and Hungary in Governments

lemenyek/archivum/2001/2001._fe - szerzodest

o” Nvme 1, 1990. 15, November tor”,

oľ šáo: uk” n.d. Rusko”, štátov: podľa

- irt - nyilvántartó Rendszer”, nyilvántartó - l/ (ac ala/ uut , 2000. 4, August

r 22, er cessed

The - CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW V. Hnain oe Cmais t., n.d. Ltd.”, Companies 2006. 10, March részvényei”, saját Mol a kerültek Power cégbe “Offshore Gazdaság. Napi “Hungarian R. Martin Myant, MVM. Exceptions.” With Track, On Remains “Privatization Eva. Munk, ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— http://index.hu/gazdasag/magyar/mol7838/ (accessedhttp://index.hu/gazdasag/magyar/mol7838/ 22,2012). December 1989 Since 2012). 19, March (accessed http://www.mvm.hu/en/organization/history/Lapok/default.aspx 00BJ http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business 1993. 1996. “Strike 4, 004B 22, June http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3SJH August Hungary”, . for October”, 1991. 004B Plan http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3SJF in Programme Economic Energy “Secret 12, . rise Passes 004B price “Parliament http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3SJJ June . energy 004B Off”, “No http://www.lexisn 8, April . 2004”, Called until =f&nonLatin1Chars=true. Hungary in necessary+in+Hungary+until+2004&csi=237924&oc=00240&shr=t&scl=t&hac=f&hct unnecessary capacity Strike http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/api/version1/sr?sr=New+power+capacity+un power 1998. “New . 29, “National 004B July http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3SJH sector”, . energy 1992. hac=f&hct=f& the ry+and+trade+policy+package+for+Hungary&csi=237924&oc=00240&shr=t&scl=t& 10, 1991. 16, April Hungary”, in for package http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/api/version1/sr?sr=Ministry+develops+indust policy January trade and industry develops heads “Ministry . agreement”, 1998. faces 004B reach 29, “Minister http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3T8F government . July and 004B Preparation”, “Miners http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/ Under . Policy &hct=f&nonLatin1Chars=true. 1990. Energy +system+is+one+of+the+main+tasks.&csi=237924&oc=00240&shr=t&scl=t&hac=f 16, November “Hungary’s http://www.lexisnexis.com/n Committee”, . Strategy 1Chars=true. Energy up +Strategy+Committee&csi=237924&oc=00240&shr=t&scl=t&hac=f&hct=f&nonLatin sets http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/api/version1/sr?sr=Hungary+sets+up+Energy “Hungary . atin1Chars=true. Budape Nineties”. gement+in+the+Nineties&csi=237924&oc=00240&shr=t&scl=t&hac=f&hct=f&nonL the in Management http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/api/version1/sr?sr=Hungarian+Energy+Mana Energy “Hungarian . ------Y2T7&csi=151894&oc=00240&perma=true. W09J&csi=8279&oc=00240&perma=true. W46B&csi=827 W0KN&csi=8279&oc=00240&perma=true. W396&csi=8279&oc=00240&perma=true. W3P4&csi=8279&oc=00240&perma=tru W2X3&csi=8279&oc=00240&perma=true. W395&csi=8279&oc=00240&perma=true.

. EdwardElgar Publishing, 2003. The Rise and Fall of Czech of Fall and Rise The

nonLatin1Chars=true.

exis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3SJJ 9&oc=00240&perma=true. -

l/business/api/version1/sr?sr=rationalizing+the+pricing

akrud, ue 1 June Background”, Nepszabadsag, Magyar Hirlap”, December 12, 1990. 12, December Hirlap”, Magyar Nepszabadsag,

Capitalism: Economic Development in the Czech Republic Czech the in Development Economic Capitalism:

317 /docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3SJH docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3SJH

Prague Post Prague t Ags 2, 1992. 25, August st, , September 6, 1995.6, September , , 1991. 2,

- - - 6TD0 37R0 - - - - - WJH0 YWX0 YKK0 YFW0 YFW0 S6V0

1999. ------CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Slova the in Security Energy of Evolution “The Ševce. Peter and Andrej, Nosko, Wojci Orbán, Anita Andrej, Nosko, Enhanced Has Republic Czech the How Prague: from “Lessons Lang. Petr and Andrej, Nosko, ——— ——— Nosko, “1 Andrej. The.” Challenges, Security Energy and Policy East Middle US “New Pierre. Noël, ——— ——— ——— ——— ——— Slovakia.” in matter laughing no is card green a “Getting 2007. Tom. Nicholson, 9, September supply?”, of security Nahlédněte nádrží”, uVltavy. skrýváČesko doútrob “Strategické zásobyropy Jan. Nevyhoštěný, measure to “How Anne. Neumann, John Nellis, R. Neff,

Thomas L. “Improving energy security in Pacific Asia: diversification and risk reduction reduction risk and diversification Asia: Pacific in security energy “Improving L. Thomas ierd euiy oprto Iiitv, 2010. Security Initiative, Energy Cooperation of http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=262:the Security Journal http://www.visegradgroup.eu/download.php?ctag=download&docID=139. Visegrad Security.” security&catid=108:energysecuritycontent&Itemid (accessed 10, May 2011). czech Energy http://www.ensec.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=258:how http://heinonlinebackup.com/hol Its Dr.MullerAktiengesellschaft KG, 2008.Verlag &Co. . 8,2010). September (accessed http://www.personal.ceu.hu/perg/file/Nosko.pdf 53. (2007): Project (PERG) Project (PERG) Group Research Economy 43. Inte “Economic . 30, 2012). content/uploads/2009/11/10 2009 bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/intj62§ion=11 (accessed 25, April 2013). (2006): (accessed http://spectator.sme.sk/articles/view/25248/11/ 2006. N 27, neopustili.” November outrageous are nominations “Transpetrol . http://specta 8,2013). (accessed March eštebáci 2009. prospered who spy “The . “Širokého 2, 2012). http://www.sme.sk/c/5121686/sirokeho . past.” http://spectator.sme.sk/articles/view/10245/3/ (accessed 2, November is business Mutual Sr: Lexa and “Penta . 1,2012).(accessed November . 3, 2012). November (accessed http://spectator.sme.sk/articles/view/8145/1/ 1997. 22, May http://ekonomika.idnes.cz/mero October 25,2012). 2012. nelahozevsi 24, June 2010). 24, (accessed June http://www.energypolicyblog.com/2007/09/09/how of MassachusettsInstitute (PARES) Internation Technology, Center for fuels.” nuclear and fossil for Gorila S ovember 2,2012). ovember crtzto wti Eooi Sco: h Cs o Dvriiain f nry Resources Energy of Diversification of Case The Sector: Economic within ecuritization 645 , -

republic . Bratisla . Time toinTime privatization rethink transition economies?

0 Years of Energy Policy in Slovakia.” In Slovakia.” in Policy ofEnergy 0 Years - fvm - – has 5. rtsaa CNA 20. http://cenaa.org/wp 2009. CENAA, Bratislava: 658. va: Vydavateľstvo Dixit, 2012. http://www.martinus.sk/?uItem=122240 2012. Dixit, Vydavateľstvo va: - /ekonomika.aspx?c=A120723_ dpnec o Nw U ebr tts n Russia.” and States Member EU New of rdependence -

enhanced

tor.sme.sk/articles/view/37237/2/the_spy_who_prospered.html

- ech Paczyński, Jakub Jaroš, and Filip Černoch. Filip and Jaroš,Paczyński, ech Jakub

- The Slovak Spectator.” Spectator.” Slovak The its Project Commissioned by the Pacific Asia Regional Energy Security Energy Regional Asia Pacific the by Commissioned Project

- years - energy - of Jo

1/2007. CEU Political Economy Research Group Research Economy Political CEU 1/2007. 318 - ra o Eeg Security Energy of urnal - energy - estebaci

The Slovak Spectator.” Spectator.” Slovak The - policy 693eooianh (accessed 161913_ekonomika_neh - h Soa Spectator Slovak The neopustili.html (accessed November November (accessed neopustili.html Panorama of Global Security of Environment Global Panorama

in - The Slovak Spectator Slovak The World Bank Publications, 1999. BankWorld Publications,

to - lvkadc acse October (accessed Slovakia.doc - - skladuje measure SME al Studies al Otbr 2010). (October - 1 2009. 11 , - statni secur The Slovak Spectator Slovak The The Slovak Spectator Slovak The Ags 2, 2002. 26, August ,

(1997). - ity ropne , November 30, November , 2012). - of Energy Security Energy

E Political CEU

k Republic.” k

supply/ - rezervy

n’ J. Int’l VDM . (2010). -

- - the cgi

- 62 v - - - - , , . CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW ropovod.” téma: “Žhavé Ivo. Polišenský, škoda.” jedna, jen Monik Poláková, byla “Škoda Petr. Pithart, Russo “The Yafimava. K. and Stern, J. S., Pirani, “Ne Economist. Petroleum to threat new a as wars’ ‘resource strategies: security energy western “Coercive Susanne. Peters, ——— ropa ruská a radar “Americký Jiří. Pehe, Attila Ószabó Schultz. Oskamp, P. Stuart, Wesley and ——— ——— MOL árvizekről, az Krónikában Origo. Reggeli a miniszterelnök “A Viktor. Orbán Orbán, Anita. Ondruš, Vladimír. Jitka. oprojekty“Spor Oleárníková, trvá.” (IEA). Agency Energy International and OECD, wire “Leaked ľudia. Obyčajní Register “VýpisregistraObchodný SR. obchodného z SR In Security.” and “Energy S. Joseph Nye, Nu n Sm JmsR Sheigr Rbr . bl adCne fr taei ad International and Strategic for Center and Ebel, E. Robert Schlesinger, R. James Sam, nn, “Hogyan nézett ki eddig a Mol tulajdonosi szerkezete?” szerkezete?” tulajdonosi Mol a eddig ki nézett “Hogyan (1992). 15 euro/clanok/plyn 1 http://www.pithart.cz/archiv_textu_detail.pp?id=489 21, October (accessed 2012). assessment.”comprehensive 00GT http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3W05 security.” global . March 5,2013). http://www.pehe.cz/Members/redaktor/americky 2008. http://2001 20,2012).December http://www.e 2000. veszett (accessed http://www.origo.hu/itthon/20080401 SZDSZ.” az be vált fenyegetést éves “Tizenhárom . privatizációja.” 5, http://www.origo.hu/uzletinegyed/hirek/20110524 22,2012).December Mol a http://www.origo.hu/uzletinegyed/befektetes/20061211lezarult.html “Lezárult . (accessedszerkezete.html 2013). March 11, April 2011. 21,2006.orbanviktor.hu/hir.php?aktmenu=3_4&id=369 (accessedDecember 2012). mezőgazdaságról”, review 1,2012).(accessed November (accessedhttp://orsr.sk/vypis.asp?ID=21105&SID=2&P=1 Novem Joseph 3 Nye, S. Press,CSIS 2000. D.C.). (Washington Studies republic&catid=110:energysecuritycontent&Itemid=366 (accessed 30,2012). October evolution - Vytunelovaná demokracie , % HDP.” % 1,5 - hdp (accessed April 6, 6, hdp (accessed April 2 . Organisation for Econom for . Organisation - Power, energy, and the the Power, and new Russian energy, imp Y2SS&csi=318086&oc=00240&perma=true. -

ossze a. “PLYN: Počiatek:Plynová kríza bude mať na ekonomiku SR dopad v rozpätí v dopad SR ekonomiku na mať bude kríza Počiatek:Plynová “PLYN: a. - - of ad Éa “uuó uee I. rubelek “Guruló Éva. Vajda Atentát na nežnú revolúciu na Atentát - - energy az s.hu/oszabo_attila

- – Geopolitics mszp.html (accessed20, December mszp.html 2012).

21. Cambridge, Mass.: 1981. Pub. Co., Ballinger - pociatekplynova - TASR security

Gvrmn Lf Hlig h Bb” Jnay , 1999. 6, January Baby”, the Holding Left Government w . Academia, 2002. . Academia, -

aig ‘oia” nd http://obycajniludia.com/gorila.html n.d. ‘Gorila’”, tapings Jnay 0 20. http://www.euractiv.sk/ekonomika 2009. 20, January , 9, no. 1 (March 2004): 187 1(March 2004): 9, no. 012). - The geopolitics of energy into the 21st century 21st the into energy of geopolitics The in Oxford Institute forOxford Institute Energy Studies

- the

ic Co ic Attitudes and opinions - vajda_eva;gurulo_rubelek_i;2005 — . 1.vyd. ed.. 1.vyd. Bratislava: Ikar,2009. - Noviny, 1992, 1(60), s. 1 a 16.Noviny, s.1a 1992,1(60), - slovak kriza

ioé oiy 19, (7) s 6 IS 0862 ISSN 6. s. 5(175), 1992, noviny, Lidové Energy and and Energy Jiří Pehe.” Pehe.” Jiří - operation andoperation 1999. Development, 319 - koalicios - erialism

bude - Http://www.origo.h

Energy policies of IEA countries: Hungary 1999 1999 Hungary countries: IEA of policies Energy - kana gs ipt o Jnay 2 January of dispute gas Ukrainian - mat . Praeger Security. Praeger 2008. International, o dřk Noviny Hos odářské Americký Radar a Ruská Ropa Ruská a Radar Americký Security - v - - alsag

na . PsychologyPress, 2005.

SLOVBENA, a.s. v likvidácii”, 2012.SLOVBENA, a.s. vlikvidácii”, – Http://www.origo.hu/ - 212. ekonomiku eie b Dvd . es and Deese A. David by edited , - - I., aur 1 2002. 1, January III.”, 1995ben

Http://www.origo.hu/ radar

u/ (2009). Dcme 1, 2006. 11, December ,

(n.d.). -

- a nagy - - - 07 sr ruska

Arl 5 2011. 15, April , - . Washington, D.C.: Washington, . ber 1,2012).ber - dopad

- 0hm (accessed 20.html - a sandor - - mol

ropa ropa , April 2, 2008. 2, April , - - v

tulajdonosi . ČRo 6, 15 6, ČRo . - - rozpati miatt My 24, May , (accessed - JGK0

- ról, a a ról, 0: a 009: -

5921. -

- 1 - a - - - - -

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW 5243 “SN Mishler. William and Richard, Rose, ——— of (University Policy Public of Study the for Centre and Haerpfer, Christian Richard, Rose, ——— Strath of (University Policy Public of Study the for Centre and Richard, Energy Rose, Future Europe’s Central Securing You: to Power “More Nicholas. Scott Romaniuk, Lars Röller, Do Chemapolu.” Hungary: “EUROPE: Alison. Roberts, n.d. “Záhada world.” new a for realism American interest: national the “Rethinking Condoleezza. Rice, Pavel. (‘SE’)”, Reisenauer, elektrárne nezd tekla kolébky u kapitalismu: českého “Zrod Ludmila. Rakušanová, Slovenské Policies.” Foreign Visegrad in Role Russia’s Divisor: Common Greatest “The András. Rácz, of International on Perspectives Recent Three “Privatisation State: the Dissolving “Review: Wagner. Harrison R. Two of PWC. Logic The Politics: Domestic and “Diplomacy D. Robert Putnam, ——— obchodu a průmyslu ministra na Krause Michala poslance interpelaci na “Odpověď Archív. PSP prísnejšie.” trestal pankáčky ruské by “Čarnogurský Veronika. Prušová, dsrbtr, uy 07 S: 23 http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA 5243, SN: 2007. July [distributor], 2004 VII, Barometer Europe for (UniversityCentre Policy theStudyofPublic ofStrat . Strathclyde), of (University1994. Policy Public of Study the for Centre Glasgow: 230. policy Strathclyde). for (UniversityCentre Policy theStudyofPublic 2005. ofStrathclyde), . (UniversityStudy ofPublicPolicy 2002. ofStrathclyde), Countries Enlargement of Evaluation Supply.” Europe.” justified?” 00W3 http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=40PR reputation this is But bloc. Communist the former the been in investment haswestern for Hungary destination favourite economies, European East the of westernised most the as seen Affairs 2012). http://respekt.ihned.cz/korupce/c1 n.d. u republiky”, Denik.cz Polish Affairs of Quarterly International České http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706 Parlamentu Relations.” http://www.pwc.com/g do Organization, International “Volby 1993 http://www.psp.cz/docs/texts/election PS . PČR, http://www.psp.cz/eknih/1993ps/tisky/t1494a00.htm 25, (accessed October 2012). petrochemie (př transformace a privatizace věci ve Dlouhého Vladimíra 2013). 20, (accessed May http://www.sme.sk/c/6508167/carnogursky - Insiders and Outsiders: New Europe Barometer 2004 Barometer Europe New Outsiders: and Insiders New Democracies Barometer 5: A 12 A 5: Barometer Democracies New kolebky - edi, un egd, n Hn Wlgn Fidrsik “nry cocs for choices “Energy: Friederiszick. Wolfgang Hans and Delgado, Juan Hendrik,

Y0XH&csi=234036&oc=00240&perma=true. (2008): 2 Ags 1, 00 http://www.denik.cz/z_domova/zrod 2010. 14, August , Global Journal of Human Social Science Social Global JournalofHuman Research - Bruegel Series, Blueprint tekla New Democracies Barometer 3: Learning from What Is Happening Is What from Learning 3: BarometerDemocracies New nentoa Organization International - – nezdanena.html (accessed 24,2012). October 26.

42, 3(Summer 1988):427 no. x/en/utilities/privatisation 2012). 18, (accessed March

- 2005 [computer file]. Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive Data UK Essex: Colchester, file]. [computer 2005

Bruegel . Studies in public policy 364. Glasgow: Centre for the for Centre Glasgow: 364. policy public in Studies . netr Chronicle Investors 301 (accessed 2011). 10, April , no. 4 (2012):, no.4 32 - - it Nation Survey Nation - 54210570 - -

yourse 1996, tisk 14/94”, March 6, 1995. 1995. 6, March 14/94”, tisk 1996, (2007). 320

s.html (accessed 2012). 30, July - New Europe Barometer VII, 2004 VII, Barometer Europe New 8 n. (uy , 94: 435 1974): 1, (July 3 no. 28,

lf Capitalism Needs A Helping Hand Hand Helping A Needs Capitalism lf -

by - zahada - . Studies in public policy 306. Glasgow: 306. policy public in Studies . . Studies in public policy 404. G 404. policy public in Studies . ruske –

12, no. 8(2012). 12, no. 51.

ouc P Česku Po oruce – - - 460. chemapolu (accessed October 21, October (accessed chemapolu pankacky

, hclyde), 1998. hclyde), ípadně restrukturalizace) českérestrukturalizace) ípadně

June 7, 1997. 1997. 7, June

- trestal - nn nfa krev.” a nafta aněná ceskeho

clyde).

. Studies . - - prisnejsie.html SN - SME ee Games.” Level - - - 5243 kapitalismu 2005”. New 2005”. A Bottom up Bottom A 8 2012. 8 ,

n.d. ,

- in public public in 34K0 - lasgow: . n.d. 1., - Foreign

– Long

466. The - -

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW Gautam. Sen, Lubomir. Sedlak, “History SEAS. Andrew. Schwartz, The.” Policy, Security National of Content “Economic L. Charles Schultze, post in collection debt and credit “Courts, Bruno. Schönfelder, Truth Documents on New Reveal Betrayed: and “Betrayer Ulrich. Andreas Fidelius, and Schmid, Crombie. Thomas Schelling, Energy for Standards “EU Maters. Hans and Jong, de Jacques Seebregts, Ad Martin, Scheepers, government and network Boy’ Old “The‘ Ulrike. Schaede, “Off Š. V. “Ropovody: Blanka. Růžičková, James N. Rosenau, ——— ——— ——— 6452 “SN Society. Lazarsfeld Paul and R. Rose, 00BJ http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=3SJH 2012). elektrarne/history 18, March (accessed Europe (1972): 522. 7 167 (2005): transition.” successful a of ingredients understudied some about Spy.” Damaging’ reveal ‘Most http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/betrayer NATO’s 1966. Index Q Supply of Security Journal Studies ofJapanese 28, 2008. ht ISSN 1210 2012). 24, October (accessed http://www.esds.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=6455 http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA 6455, SN: 2010. June [distributor], Archive Data UK Essex: Colchester, file]. [computer 1995 6454, 6455 “SN . 2012). SN: http://www http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA 2010. 1993 III, 6453, 6454 “SN . 2012). SN: October (accessed http://www.esds.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=6453 2010. 1992 II, 6453 “SN . October 24,2012). 6452 http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA6452, SN: 2010. June [distributor], Archive Data 1991 I, Barometer Europe New (Vienna), 2012). 24, October (accessed http://www.esds.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=5243 - record interview about restructuring of Czech Gas Industry (Budapest)”, November (Budapest)”, Industry Gas Czech of restructuring about interview record - -

. nd ht:/w.ssa.kfnigaasDsrpinaps=42 (accessed http://www.esds.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=6452 n.d. 1., Y2XG&csi=151894&oc=00240&perma=true. -

. Rowman &Littlefield,. Rowman 2006. The military international t origins and of industrialisation truth - uantification foruantification EU

1993 [computer file]. Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive [distributor], June June [distributor], Archive Data UK Essex: Colchester, file]. [computer 1993 - 1994 [computer file]. Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive [distributor], June [distributor], Archive Data UK Essex: Colchester, file]. [computer 1994 -

- 1168. -

The scientific study ofThe scientificstudy foreign policy - - on The Poli The ed.cu/idnDt/necito.s?n65 (cesd coe 24, October (accessed .esds.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=6454 - New Europe Barometer III, 1993 III, Barometer Europe New – New Europe Barometer II, 1992 II, Barometer Europe New “Oil Refineries Seek ‘Czech Way’.” Way’.” ‘Czech Seek Refineries “Oil New Europe Barometer IV, 1995”. (Vienna), New Europe Barometer IV, Barometer Europe New (Vienna), 1995”. IV, Barometer Europe New ES, .. http://www.seas.sk/en/the n.d. SEAS”, 53. - nato , 1995.

- tics of Greed: How Privatization Structured Politics in Central And Eastern And Central in Politics Structured Privatization How Greed: of tics pae o te rss aaiiy ne ad h Supply/Demand the and Index Capability Crisis the on Updates - s - rs n influence and Arms most

tp://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA

21, (1995):293 no.2

rtmu pn logiky.” plný protimluv - damaging - 27” (n.d.). 27”

- 321 spy

Vl 10 Nw ae: ae nvriy Press, University Yale Haven: New 190. Vol. . . Nichols Publishing Company, 1980. . Nichols Publishing Company, -

- a 1992 [computer file]. Colches file]. [computer 1992 - – 691817.html (accessed June 8,2013).

317. - - - e Erp Brmtr , 1991 I, Barometer Europe New Spieg 1993”. (Vi 1993”. 1994”. (Vienna), New Europe Barometer Europe New (Vienna), 1994”.

ld Fot De, 95 62) S 12. S. 6(27), 1995, Dnes, Fronta Mladá l Online el

- - and uies rel business rade rivalry - rge Post Prague SN - enna), New Europe Barometer Barometer Europe New enna), company/about - betrayed - commun - 6455 Arl 0 2010. 30, April , . Pinter London, 1984. - Economic annals Economic - - . n.d. 1., tosis n Japan.” in ationships SN SN - new Jn 1, 1994. 15, June , s Soai: Notes Slovakia: ist - - 6454 6453 - documents ter, Essex: UK Essex: ter, oeg Aff. Foreign - us/slovenske - - . n.d. 1., n.d. 1.,

- YXH0

- 50, no. 50, 1992”. - - SN

24, 51 51 - - -

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW meas and “Conceptualizing Mukherjee. Ishani and K., Benjamin Sovacool, the in performance Security Energy “Measuring Brown. A. Marilyn and K., Benjamin Sovacool, K. Benjamin Sovacool, Ján. Sopóci, Attila. Károly Soós, Intelligence L. Jack Snyder, War Cold [Russian vojny studenej hry spravodajské “Ruské Michael. Smith, Ru of implications “Current C. Keith Smith, ——— Čarnogurský.” KDH.” drese v aj bankou Devín s nerokuje Jána brata svojho podľa Čarnogurský “Ivan (rf). SME bol Moskve v oslavách “Na rk). (rek, SME zahraničné “Podniky (mož). SME sa banka “Devín (dd). SME KDH.” za bankou Devín s rokuje Čarnogurský “Ivan (dam). SME ——— pravé.” sú ——— zoznamy “Cibulkove SME. ropných zahraničních účasti bez obejde se Ingolstadtu z ropovodu “Výstavba Olga. Skalková, Some Systems Intelligence Jeffrey. Police Simon, in Pathologies “Organizational James. Sheptycki, 21, 2012). May approach.” (accessed http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544211004294 synthesized A In OECD.” Europethe Central and in Former Soviet Union 1991. http:/ Games].” Studies International (accessedgbely.html November 1,2012). Gbely.” Nafta “Kauza . brata SME 7,2013). (accessed March http://www.sme.sk/c/2212993/na ludmi http://www.sme.sk/c/886606/podniky 2013). deblokaciam SDĽ.” http://www.sme.sk/c/2128832/petrochema 4,2013). (accessed March http://www.sme.sk/c/2203104/ivan 1995. postaveniu”, 21, strategickému sprivatizovana napriek aj sprivatizovaná August bude elektrární.” Dubová “Petrochema . zmluvy 2012). “Nevýhodné http://www.sme.sk/c/233 . 2012). http://www.sme.sk/c/537240/cibulkove firem.” Relations 307 3(2004): 1, no. Intelligence of Lexicon the to Contributions Záujmové v skupiny slovenskej politike v rokoch 90. - , October 1, 1999. http://www.sme.sk/c/2203259/ivan 1999. 1, October ,

- jana /www.sis.gov.sk/materials/nazory/n14.html /www.sis.gov.sk/materials/nazory/n14.html 2009). 21, (accessed June

z - Hos S.2. odářské 38(103), Noviny,1994, . RowmanLittlefield, & 2004. stb.html (accessed August2,2012). Myths of empire: Domestic politics and international ambition international and politics Domestic empire: of Myths SME NATO

- nerokuje y Sy Magazine Spy Eye Politics and Policies in PostinPolicies Politicsand - The Routlegeof Handbook Energy Security ruskeho Atm 19. http://www.sme.sk/c/2181599/devin 1999. Autumn , - aj The of Handbook Routledge Ener - n te zc ad lvk eulc: Cmaaie td i Civil in Study Comparative A Republics: Slovak and Czech the and napriek

12 (2006). – - s

332. - - má k deblokáciám ruského dlhu dostať vďaka stykom so špičkami špičkami so stykom vďaka dostať dlhu ruského deblokáciám k má devin dlhu

strategickemu ho obchodu mali zvláštny útvar s ľuďmi z ŠtB”, May 5, 2003. 5, May ŠtB”, z ľuďmi s útvar zvláštny mali obchodu ho - 2320/nevyhodne SME - dostat bankou n. 7 Ags 1, 04. cesd i Soa version: Slovak via Accessed 2004). 12, (August 27 no. ,

6 99 http://www.sme.sk/c/2193013/kauza 1999. 6 , Energy - vdaka - - - oslavach v Communist Transition: Prim Transition: Communist -

- carnogursky drese 322

- - - po zahranicneho stykom

sa eeg policies.” energy ssian - . Central European University Press, European . Central 2011. 6 n. (uut 01: 5343 2011): (August 8 no. 36, zoznamy

staveniu.html 29, (accessedMarch 2012).

- - kdh.html (accessed March 4,2013). (accessed March kdh.html - - zmluvy gy Security Led Policing.” Led v ISSN 0862 - moskve - so Www.sme.sk . Bratislava, 2002. . Bratislava, , 2010. - rokuje - - Www.sme.sk spickami su - lkrrihm (cesd pi 5, April (accessed elektrarni.html - . Taylor &Francis, 2011. . - obchodu rv.tl acse Mrh 15, March (accessed prave.html - bol

- - s 9587. - - devin aj European Journal of Criminology of Journal European - Ags 9 2005. 9, August , d.tl acse My 20, May (accessed sdl.html - SME - ary and SecondaryPrivatisationand ary carnogurs carnogursky.html . Cornell University Press, University Cornell . My , 2002. 9, May , , 1994. - mali SME - bankou Center for Strategic and and Strategic for Center , September 30, 1999. 30, September ,

uring energy security: energy uring - zvlastny My 1 200 11, May ,

ky - - banka za - - dubova podla

- kdh.html - utvar

- sa - - svojho Military - – - - ma nafta bude -

5355.

s - - k 5. - - - -

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW metodou?” “Maďarskou (accessed http://comtrade.un.org/ n.d. Comtrade”, “UN Division. Statistics Nations helyzetének United és története érdekegyeztetés Magyarországi “A (il). Kft. Consulting 2004 UNIO Týden Implications.” Policy Security: Energy of Perceptions “Contemporary Manuela. Tvaronavičienė, Russi Wars: Energy to Influence of Spheres “From Theodor. Tudoroiu, Slovak Office. and Statistical Trlicova, Zdenka, “Re: 21, May 2010. Stredoeuropska Univerzita”, “Sztrájktörők.” Vos John and Schelling, Saposs Corinne H., Laurence Tribe, Dávid. Trencséni paroplynu.” privatizáciu zrušiť chce “Lipšic SITA. and TASR, Monika, Tódová, ——— Press.the & People the for Center MirrorTimes http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD 2012. “Data”, Bank. capture.” World The “State (K.M.). Economist minister.” No, The energy: Czech pokraču and “CEZ Economist. stále The Miklošom dodržen.” nebude termín s “Původní Ivan. Tesař, Fica spor “Súdny TASR. Tabery, Erik. zpochybnit.” nelze “Temelín (jaš). slovo Svobodné 1999. otázkou.” sudetoněmeckou STUZ/SR”, podmíněn není “Ropovod Edmund. Stoiber, “Informacie P.Stern, Jonathan SR. zivot Steinbruner, J.D. udrzatelny trvalo pre Spolocnost Zuzana, Czech and Spolcova, Office. Statistical “Re: 24, November Dotaz”, September 8,2010). September rendszervá (accessederdekegyeztetes.pdf 20,2012). December a áttekintése http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000299936&local_base=ANL. Iss Sustainability Journal ofSecurity and 386 Romania.” Communist analysis,environmental discourse,(1976). decision” and http://www.168ora.hu/itthon/sztrajktorok Wall http://www.sme.sk/c/6286356/lipsic 2012). 18, (accessed March 2012. Attitudes”. and Values Social and Political Berlin http://www.tarki.hu/adatbank Databank. of M Survey Times A DC: Europe: Washington, of Pulse “The . http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=267. the 2013). 7, (accessed April October 28,2012). http://www.economist.com/blogs/easternapproaches/2011/11/czech (accessedhttp://www.economist.com/node/15869464 28,2012). October S.VI. 57 ISSN Č. [ říloha], 0 (accessedpokracuje.html 27,2012). October http://www.pluska.sk/spravy/z 732X. [1], ISSN S. 20. 37(235), 1993, 2002. htm 30, (accessed October 2012). http://web.archive.org/web/20010420071316/http://www.seps.sk/zp/stuz/ii/9943/2. – 414.

Vládneme, nerušit:Vládneme, její smlouva oa dědictví iční , 1994.

The cybernetic theoryThe cybernetic dimensio of decision:New The Future of Russian Gas GazpromThe Gas Future ofand Russian

Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics Transition and Studies Communist of Journal

tsó 2010 ltástól 862 ro Cne fr h Pol & h Pes 19. TÁRKI 1991. Press, the & People the for Center irror

0862 - - 5921. domova/sudny

ues - 9587. 6 Óa Online Óra 168 Pweerhetr 2009. PewResearchCenter, .

, 1993. 1, no. 4(2012):1, no. 235 323 - g, .. http://www.stratosz.hu/fszh/2010 n.d. ig”, The Pulse of Europe 2009: 20 Years After the Fall of Fall the After Years 20 2009: Europe of Pulse The , 1993. -

e/index.html. - ioé oiy 19, (8) Fnnn Noviny Finanční 6(281). 1993, Noviny, Lidové Svobodné Slovo, 1994, 50(97), S. 1. ISSN 0231 ISSN 1. S. 50(97), 1994, Slovo, Svobodné

8901.html (accessed 20, December 8901.html 2012).

h Economist The . Oxford University Press, 2005. - spor 2006. . Paseka, - chce ns of political analysisns of political

s. “When values conflict. Essays on Essays conflict. values “When s. - fica - zrusit

h Economist The – - , December 3, 2007. 2007. 3, December , miklosom 247.

e, aur 2, 2012. 24, January je”, - Nvme 2 2011. 2, November , priva

tizaciu n nlec i Post in Influence an Týden

- 2009. . PrincetonPr, Univ stale Hos odářské Noviny, Noviny, Hos odářské - Arl , 2010. 8, April ,

politics(accessed 24, no. 3 (2008): 3 no. 24, 1996. , - SME - paroplynu.html

, March 5, March ,

- - - CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW ——— Daniel. “Energy SecurityYergin, the1990s.” in Wionc post A Europe Eastern in lustration “Explaining Fowler. B. and Szcserbiak, A. K., Williams, American in systems myth of role “The Harvey. Wheeler, kontrolou.” pod “Monopoly (JB). and Václava, Weignerová, in xenophobia “Political W. M. Watts, ——— Kenneth Neal. Waltz, studies.” security of renaissance “The M. Stephen Walt, Az újraelosztás: helyett “Privatizáció Éva. Voszka, Hana. Vojtová, ——— ——— Rahimkulov.” Megdet 2007. bankot: ——— a viszi SPP”, “Aki VG. privatizácie Raymond. Vernon, development.” sustainable for indicators procese “Energy Langlois. Lucille and Ivan, Vera, o “Herfindahl “Správa Város V.B. discussion “Private Czech Republic’s about Energy(Telč)”, Security July 3, 2008. Division. SR. Antitrust UV ZNB USDOJ: KS 25, “Strana: ÚPN. Úsg “ Fds ao pltksia lsáa ai krba a omnsa rendszerben kommunista a korábban akik listája, politikusainak azon Fidesz “A Újság. i e, iul . Eeg ad nentoa scrt i te 90: elte or Realities 1980s: the in security international and “Energy S. Miguel zek, “nuig nry S http://www.jstor.org/stable/20031912 (accessed 2010). 12, May Energy “Ensuring . misperceptions?” (2003). communist politics approach” Resolution 6. ISSN0862 German youth.” East among . (1991): 211 21, December 2012). Panrusgázban.” (accessed Szemle http://epa.oszk.hu/00000/00017/00074/pdf/Voszka.pdf Közgazdasági pozíc a gázpiacon.” “Visszavenné 20,2012).December http://www.vg.hu/gazdasag/visszavenne magyar “Helycsere . a 20,2012).December http://www.vg.hu/vallalatok/energia/helycsere érdekeltség . 20,2012).December “Gazprom http://ww . 20,2012).December http://www.vg.hu/penzugy/aki 875 6 (2007): 2013). 11, (accessed March li szerint/241 http://www.vujsag.com/cikkek/velemenyunk 2012. be”, töltöttek funkciót valamilyen 1,2012). November (accessed http://www.nrsr.sk/dk/Download.aspx?MasterID=180446&DocID=270042 http://www.justice.gov/atr/public/guidelines/hhi.html (acces (accessed90716 2013). 20, May http://www.upn.gov.sk/regpro/zobraz.php?typ=kraj&kniha=81&strana=25&zaznam= staja Man, the state, and the Man, theoretical a war: analysis -

akik Ro a tečea Ingolstadt i Ro jihu.

(1960): 179 - w.vg.hu/gazdasag/gazprom – korabban - The Oil crisis velemenyuenk 239. – - 9587. 882. Man, state and the war

Third World Quarterly Third World

(1993). - –

a 184. -

kommunista .

New York:Norton,New 1976. ecurity.” ecurity.”

szerint LII éf (zpebr 01: 726 2001): (szeptember évf. XLVIII. Political Psychology

the transition from socialism: Threat, racism and ideology and racism Threat, socialism: from transition the - - viszi ralu 1994y nej odjara o ději - - . Columbia University Press, 1959. ióit a Gazprom.” Gazprom.” a ióit ii

- oeg Affairs Foreign - rendszerben evfolyam -

a páa t Br ŠtB Správa - 5, no. 4(1983):5, no. 839 324 - erdekeltseg Foreign Affairs bankot . New York:ColumbiaUniversity. New Press, 2001. - pozicioit

lai ayn os 19 é 20 között.” 2001 és 1998 sorsa vagyon állami -

(1996): 97 (1996): 8 - megdet - - - szam/873 a valamilyen - - panrusgazban

- nentoa S International a a - - 5 n. (pi 20) 69 2006): (April 2 no. 85, isha Idx, n.d. Index”, Hirschman - magyar -

gazprom Hos odářské noviny, 1993, 37(115), s. 37(115), 1993, noviny, Hos odářské 67, no. 1 (1988): 1(1988): 67, no. 110 oit relations.” Soviet - rahimkulov – VG tsaa Sra I), n.d. II)”, (Séria: atislava 126. – - 847. a - - - funkciot gazpiacon Nvme 8 2005. 8, November , , n.d. fidesz

sed 2013). 6, April - 59 (accessed 15297

uis Quarterly tudies 405 (accessed 147015

- - azon 062 (accessed 104622

VG - toeltoettek - 43 (accessed 54435 Journal of Conflict Conflict of Journal - 2006. , VG politikusainak – VG Energy 132. n.d. ,

n.d. , 5 n. 2 no. 35,

- be be

32, no. 32, – – 744. 82.

- - - CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW “Mol Profil Company Rt “MOL “MOL gripeny kauza “Korupční “Gripen nergied Four”: Visegrad “he 5: Panel 2010: C GLOBS 1990 ČSFR “FS Newslette EMEA 1990 ČSFR Daily: “FS Gas “European Republic.” Slovak of Concept “Energy http://www.mkogy.hu/kepviselo/elet/n n.d. privatizácie Sándor”, Nagy “Dr. slovenskej “Dejiny http://www.miniszterelnok.hu/in_english_cv_of_viktor_orban n.d. Orbán”, Bursík Viktor of “CV tvrdí legislativu, unplugged “ČEZ ovlivňuje Kocourka přes “ČEZ 1997. 3, April (3)”, Japan of Study Case a to Application and Analysis Security Energy for Framework A banky Devín zrodu K záujmov ruských kôň “Trójsky Miloš. Žiak, - Jukosz megállapodás Moszkvában | Belföld | Moszkvában megállapodás Jukosz iafl.u, .. http://www.kisalfold.hu/belfold_hirek/mol n.d. jukosz_megallapodas_moszkvaban/1035463/ (accessed 22,2012). December kisalfold.hu”, http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history/Lo n.d. Rt”, Me/MOL MOL on Information (accessed 2012). March 24, http://www.mol.hu/hu/a_molrol/mediaszoba/kiadvanyok/eves_jelentes/ 2012). ct/207452801240009/obsah/113635 http://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ivys 25, 2012). http://www.svt.se/2.101059/1.1447173/gripen_ el_5_summary.pdf 7,2013). (accessed June sac.org/globsec2010/uploads/documents/Panel%20Summaries/GLOBSEC_2010_Pan http://www.ata 2012). cgi http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:R7qcZOhEoVIJ:www.psp.cz/ October 30,2012). http://www.psp.cz/eknih/1990fs/slsn/stenprot/020schuz/s02 http://www.platts.com/Products/europeangasdaily/ 8, (accessed September 2010). 30,2012).(accessed October http://www.sme.sk/cdata/1627702/Energeticka_politika_Slovenskej_republiky.doc 20, 2012). 2012). 18, March 89 (accessed http://www.izurnal.sk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2073&Itemid= 2013). 11, (accessed March (accessedunplugged March 2012). 28, bursik.html 27,2012). (accessed October Securi http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/249927 http://www.nautilus.org/archives/pares/PARES_Synthesis_Report.PDF, 1998. For Institute Nautilus 1. Phase Project, (PARES) Security Energy Regional Asia Pacific the 2012). 7, 3.html (accessed April http://www.sme.sk/c/2070014/trojsky - i/i/ki/90sss/tnrt09cu/099.t (access bin/win/eknih/1990fs/slsn/stenprot/009schuz/s009096.htm -

- h Secret The

92 S a N 2. cůe čs 1315 1. . 92” Fbur 1, 1992. 19, February 1992)”, 2. (19. 133/135 část schůze, 20. SN, a SL 1992,

- : Czech Market Place Market Czech : Rt.html (accessed March 24, 2012). 24, (accessedRt.html March - 92 S a N 9 shz, át 614 1. 2 19), n.d. 1990)”, 12. (12. 96/114 část schůze, 9. SN, a SL 1992, -

— y n Ssanbe Development, Sustainable And ty

Reportéři ČT: 12. 3. 2007 2007 3. 12. ČT: Reportéři e, Information, Business Description, History, Background Background History, Description, Business Information, e,

Deals Deals

” 21. http://www.czechmarketplace.cz/en/2518.cez 2010. , ilani/1142743803 vs eets, n.d. jelentés”, Éves - -

korupcni -

325 - kon

- pda gasnn | v.e, n.d. svt.se”, | granskning Uppdrag cez ulc irr vial va SME via Available Mirror Public

ať ” Jnay 0 2008. 30, January 5”, časť - Magyarország hírei | Győr | hírei Magyarország - ruskych rs and Reports Reports and rs pres

- kauza - - tesce_el (cesd October (accessed _the_secret_deals kocourka - — reporteri - Bailv, etme 1, 2010. 14, September Bratislava, . - zaujmo

rpn/ acse Otbr 25, October (accessed gripeny/ iVysílání iVysílání 7.t acse December (accessed 575.htm - - ovlivnuje v - k

13hm (accessed 0133.htm – - — zrodu

. Synthesis Report for for Report Synthesis . ek tlvz” n.d. televize”, Česká oik.z, n.d. Novinky.cz”, - -

legislativu - - devin Moson d uut 9, August ed lts, n.d. Platts”, -

banky - Sopron Sopron

, 1999. 1999. , - tvrdi

- - / - - - -

CEU eTD Collection PREVIEW dôležitých strategicky privatizácii pri štátu záujmov zabezpečení o Z.z. 192/1995 č. “Zákon “SZT Case.” SIS.” úloh plnení o Mitra V. “Správa Bill Ducky Another Wins “SPP sociálně stranou Českou me i u avřená reublice České v rostředí olitického stabilního vytvoření o Smlouva n.d. Conditions.” Text, Privatisation CEZ közepéig.” Over Controversy “Restructuring; 1997 kormányváltástól évi | Slovensko | dlhopisy na zmenili sa kupóny občanov, 1994. odškodnenie vystriedalo “Privatizáciu az “Privatizáció probe.” KGB Group>About“PPC Energy the Company demands “MP - tisztek”, n.d.http://s oebr 0 2001. http://www.zbierka.sk/sk/predpisy/192 1995. 2,2012).(accessed November podnikov.”, 30, o 2012). http://www.thedaily.sk/spp Občanskoudemokratickou a demokratickoustranou 00HT http://ekonomika.etrend.sk/ekonomika http://www.lexisnexis.com/nl/business/docview/getDocForCuiReq?lni=44MY n.d. November eTREND”, dlho | slovensko/privatizaciu Ekonomika http://mek.niif.hu/02100/02185/html/400.html (accesse 2012). 18, (accessed March http://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/18932/ (access - plneni pisy.html (accessed March 17, 2012). pisy.html 17, (accessedMarch -

22PB&csi=168861&oc=00240&perma=tru - uloh - sis.html (accessed October 31,2012). sis.html October (accessed zigoruantitkos.hu/szt - vystriedalo

- wins SME - - another odskodnenie , n.d. http://www.sme.sk/c/2179771/sprava n.d. ,

h Bli Times Baltic The : ” 326 , n.d. http://www.paroplyn.sk/index.php?no=347

- - tisztek (accessed March 24, 24, (accessedMarch 2012). tisztek

ducky h Diy Slovakia Daily The , 1998. - obcanov - bill e.

- ae (cesd oebr 1, November (accessed case/ - kupony d December 2012). 20, , January 10, 2007. 2007. 10, January 8,2013). ed June , Ags 2, 2011. 25, August , - sa oen oe System Power Modern - - zmenili 1995 - z -

- z.p na - - - 3305.pdf 3305.pdf

- v VFP0 - mitra - - - ,