DOCSLIB.ORG

Přehled Konkurence Letounu Aero L-159 Alca

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Přehled Konkurence Letounu Aero L-159 Alca View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Digital library of Brno University of Technology VYSOKÉ U ČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRN Ě BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA STROJNÍHO INŽENÝRSTVÍ LETECKÝ ÚSTAV FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING PŘEHLED KONKURENCE LETOUNU AERO L-159 ALCA SURVEY OF COMPETITION AIRCRAFT OF AERO L-159 ALCA BAKALÁ ŘSKÁ PRÁCE BACHELOR´S THESIS AUTOR PRÁCE JAROSLAV BARTON ĚK AUTHOR VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE ING. IVAN DOFEK SUPERVISOR BRNO 2008 Abstrakt Bakalá řská práce se zabývá cvi čnými a lehkými víceú čelovými letouny pro pokra čovací výcvik srovnatelnými s letounem Aero L-159 ALCA. Je zde vytvo řen p řehled několika letoun ů, jejich užití, technických dat, historického vývoje a vzájemné porovnání dle letových výkon ů a dalších vlastností. Aero L-159 ALCA je nejnov ější konstrukce cvi čného letounu a víceú čelového spole čnosti Aero Vodochody a následník cvi čného letounu L-39 Albatros. Klí čová slova: cvi čný letoun, lehké víceú čelové letadlo, pokra čovací výcvik, L-159 ALCA, BAe Hawk, Jak-130, MiG-AT, PC-21, A-29, T-50 This bachelor‘s thesis deals with military training and lightweight multi-role continuation trainers which are comparable with the Aero L-159 ALCA. Here, a survey of the most important airplanes is created, of their using, technical data, historical development and mutual comparison based on their flight performances and other properties. Aero L-159 ALCA is the latest construction of training and multi-role aircraft of the company Aero Vodochody and the successor of the traning airplane L-39 Albatros. Keywords: training airplane, lightweight multi-role airplane, continuation training, L-159 ALCA, BAe Hawk, Jak-130, MiG-AT, PC-21, A-29, T-50 Bibliografická citace bakalá řské práce BARTON ĚK, J. Přehled konkurence letounu Aero L-159 Alca. Brno: Vysoké u čení technické v Brn ě, Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. 36 s. Vedoucí bakalá řské práce Ing. Ivan Dofek. Prohlášení: Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto bakalá řskou práci vypracoval samostatn ě za použití uvedených zdroj ů. V Brn ě 18.5.2008 Pod ěkování: Touto cestou bych cht ěl pod ěkovat všem, kte ří se jakkoliv podíleli na vzniku této práce. Na prvním míst ě samoz řejm ě vedoucímu mé práce panu Ing. Ivanu Dofkovi za neutuchající podporu od zadání práce až po její odevzdání. Výrazn ě mi pomohl doc. Ing. Jan Čižmár, CSc. z Univerzity obrany v Brn ě poskytnutím mnoha informací o konstrukci moderních letoun ů a o řešení r ůzných technických problém ů. Dále d ěkuji podplukovníku Ing. Jaroslavu Bilovi z letectva A ČR za velmi zasvěcený náhled do situace kolem vývoje, zavád ění a provozu letounu L-159 ALCA. Záv ěrem chci pod ěkovat své rodin ě a p řátel ům za trp ělivost a ochotu, kterou prokázali p ři mé práci na následujícím textu a p ři mých leteckých zálibách v ůbec. Bakalářská práce Přehled konkurence letounu Aero L-159 ALCA Jaroslav Bartoněk OBSAH Úvod – Hlavní úkoly cvi čných a lehkých víceú čelových letoun ů……………………….…3 Letoun L-159 ALCA a jeho konkurence Lehký víceú čelový letoun Aero L-159 ALCA……………………………………….…….5 Kritéria výb ěru konkuren čních typ ů…………………………………………………….….8 British Aerospace Hawk……………………………………………………………….…...9 Jakovlev Jak-130……………………………………………………………………….….12 Mikojan-Gurjevi č MiG-AT………………………………………………………………..15 Embraer EMB.314 Super Tucano…………………………………………………………17 Pilatus PC-21……………………………………………………………………………....20 Korean Aerospace Industries T-50 Golden Eagle…………………………………………22 Srovnání letoun ů podle zvolených kritérií Obecné výkony – rychlost, dostup a dolet………………………………………...………26 Pom ěr tahu motoru k hmotnosti letadla…………………………………………………...28 Únosnost výzbroje a po čet záv ěsných bod ů………………………………………………28 Délka dráhy vzletu a přistání……………………………………………………………...29 Jednotkové ceny cvi čných letoun ů………………………………………………………..29 Záv ěr……...………………………………………………………………………………….30 Seznam použitých zdroj ů…………………………………………………………………...33 Seznam použitých zkratek ………………………………………………………………….36 Letecký ústav Strana 1 Bakalářská práce Přehled konkurence letounu Aero L-159 ALCA Jaroslav Bartoněk Letecký ústav Strana 2 Bakalářská práce Přehled konkurence letounu Aero L-159 ALCA Jaroslav Bartoněk Úvod – Hlavní úkoly cvi čných a lehkých víceú čelových letoun ů První letadla, jejichž primárním ú čelem byl výcvik nových pilot ů, se objevila v dob ě první sv ětové války, kdy vál čící státy západní Evropy formovaly své první letecké sbory a vznikla pot řeba rychle vycvi čit stovky nových pilot ů. Zpo čátku byly k těmto úkol ům používány mén ě výkonné letouny, které by už v boji nep řežily, ale p ři výcviku byly užite čné. Zhruba od poloviny války pak za čaly vznikat typy vyráb ěné speciáln ě proto, aby noví piloti získali v ovládání letadel pat řičnou zru čnost. Šlo p ředevším o letadla továrny Avro, Farman, Fokker a Curtiss. B ěhem mezivále čného období vzniklo mnoho zda řilých typ ů cvi čných letoun ů jako nap říklad britský Tiger Moth, Avro 621 Tutor, ruský Polikarpov Po-2 apod. Vzhledem k tomu, že v ětšina stát ů tehdy své ozbrojené síly spíše redukovala, uplatnily se tyto letouny p řevážn ě v civilní sfé ře. D ůsledkem pak ovšem byla zna čná nezkušenost mnohých letových posádek. V pr ůběhu Bitvy o Británii, kdy Anglie trp ěla akutním nedostatkem pilot ů, trval obvykle výcvik letc ů velmi krátce. Z části to Obr. 1: De Havilland Tiger Moth bylo dáno pot řebou rychle získat piloty plnící bojové úkoly. Na druhé stran ě ale podobný p řístup umož ňovala relativn ě jednoduchá letecká technika. Pouhých n ěkolik let po skon čení druhé sv ětové války se však spektrum úkol ů letectva výrazn ě rozší řilo. Vznikla možnost provád ět letecké operace na velmi dlouhé vzdálenosti, přibyla pot řeba elektronického pr ůzkumu, dopl ňování paliva za letu atd. Cena letecké techniky vzrostla, pronikav ě se zvýšila i cena technicky složité výzbroje a nutného p řístrojového vybavení letounu. Z p řípravy pilota bojového letounu se tak stala dlouhodobá a finan čně velmi náro čná záležitost, jež si vyžádala konstrukci víceú čelových letoun ů, které by bylo možné efektivn ě využít jak k výcviku nových pilot ů, tak i k provád ění n ěkterých typ ů bojových operací. Tento trend trvá až do dnešních dn ů. Letadla, která jsou p římými p ředch ůdci stroj ů popsaných v této práci, vstoupila do služby v pr ůběhu sedmdesátých a po čátkem osmdesátých let. Typickými zástupci této kategorie jsou nap ř. L-39 Albatros, TS-11 Iskra, Alpha Jet, MB.326 a další. Obr. 2: Alpha Jet Obr. 3: Aermacchi MB.326 Letecký ústav Strana 3 Bakalářská práce Přehled konkurence letounu Aero L-159 ALCA Jaroslav Bartoněk Letecký ústav Strana 4 Bakalářská práce Přehled konkurence letounu Aero L-159 ALCA Jaroslav Bartoněk Lehký víceú čelový letoun Aero L-159 ALCA Obr. 4: L-159A ALCA (jednomístná bojová verze) Historický vývoj Aero L-159 ALCA (Advanced Light Combat Aircraft) je nejnov ějším výrobkem spole čnosti Aero Vodochody. Vychází z léty prov ěř ené a osv ědčené konstrukce letoun ů řady L-39/59/139, a to proto, že vývoj zcela nového moderního bojového letounu by byl časov ě i finan čně nad možnosti českého leteckého pr ůmyslu. L-39 Albatros pat ří k nejrozší řen ějším cvi čným letadl ům sv ěta. Bylo dodáno tém ěř 3000 kus ů do více než t řiceti zemí sv ěta, p řevážn ě ve východní Evrop ě, Asii a Africe. Letoun používají či používaly i mnohé akrobatické skupiny. První návrhové studie letounu L-159 za čaly vznikat v r. 1992, roku 1994 byl zahájen vývoj. K realizaci byla doporu čena varianta D a letoun, který z tohoto základu vznikl, byl ozna čen L-159A ALCA. Tím byla zárove ň umožn ěna i realizace verze C, která vedla ke vzniku letounu dnes ozna čovaného L-159B. Nejd ůležit ějšími zm ěnami oproti letounu Albatros m ěla být zástavba nového, zna čně výkonn ějšího motoru, instalace moderního zbra ňového a naviga čního po číta če a avioniky, zvýšení po čtu záv ěsných bod ů pro výstroj a výzbroj a n ěkterá další zlepšení, která zvyšují opera ční schopnosti letounu. K prvnímu letu dvoumístného prototypu došlo 2. srpna 1997. Následujícího roku pak zahájil zkušební lety i jednomístný prototyp. Letoun byl poprvé ve řejnosti p ředstaven na leteckém dnu CIAF 98 v Hradci Králové. V červenci 1997 byla podepsána smlouva, podle níž m ělo letectvo A ČR obdržet celkem 72 letoun ů. 20. října 1999 byl zalétán první sériový kus. Ke konci toho roku byl spušt ěn také vývoj dvoumístné verze L-159B. V dubnu roku 2000 byly zahájeny dodávky sériových jednomístných stroj ů letectvu. Poslední letouny verze A byly dodány r. 2003, tedy s mírným zpožd ěním oproti plánu. Bylo však rozhodnuto, že v aktivním provozu z ůstane pouze 18 stroj ů, dalších šest bude p ředstavovat zálohu. Zbývajících 48 letoun ů bylo nabídnuto k prodeji do zahrani čí. 24. února 2003 havaroval letoun ev. č. 6056. Pilot p ři havárii zahynul. Dosud jde o jedinou havárii tohoto letounu. Letecký ústav Strana 5 Bakalářská práce Přehled konkurence letounu Aero L-159 ALCA Jaroslav Bartoněk Technický popis L-159 ALCA je jednomístný (verze A) či dvoumístný (verze B a T1) jednomotorový podzvukový cvi čný a lehký bojový dolnoplošný letoun. Jeho hlavním posláním je výcvik pilot ů a n ěkteré typy bojových operací. A čkoliv je vn ějším vzhledem velmi podobný svému předchůdci L-39, ve skute čnosti jde o nový letoun. Jeho navrhovaná životnost je 25 let. Domovským letišt ěm všech užívaných stroj ů je 21. základna taktického letectva v Čáslavi. Uvád ěná jednotková cena letounu je p řibližn ě 8 milion ů USD. Členové posádky mají k dispozici vyst řelovací seda čky typu VS-2 s charakteristikou 0-0. Křídlo je lichob ěžníkového tvaru. Na koncích nese palivové nádrže o objemu 230 l.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Aero Ae 45 & Ae
    This production list is presented to you by the editorial team of "Soviet Transports" - current to the beginning of January 2021. Additions and corrections are welcome at [email protected] Aero Ae 45 & Ae 145 181 Ae 45 built by Aero at Prague-Vysocany from 1947 to 1951 The c/n consisted of the year of manufacture and a sequential number. 1 OK-BCA Ae 45 Aero f/f 21jul47 the first prototype; rgd 11sep47; underwent trials with the SVZÚ sep47 OK-BCA Ae 45 Ministers. dopravy trf unknown Ministry of Transport OK-BCA Ae 45 CSA trf unknown canx 1953 2 OK-CCA Ae 45 Aero rgd 09apr48 the second prototype; f/f 12mar48 OK-CCA Ae 45 Celulozka Bratisl. trf unknown Celulozka Bratislava; canx 1958 not known Ae 45 Czechoslovak AF trf unknown 49 003 G-007 (1) Ae 45 Hungarian AF d/d 15may49 HA-AEB Ae 45 MÉM Rep. Szolgálat trf 06apr52 Hungarian Flying Association; damaged 29apr52 when the landing gear broke HA-AEB Ae 45 OMSZ trf 18jun57 Hungarian Air Ambulance; w/o (or canx ?) 22nov62 49 004 OK-DCB Ae 45 rgd 21apr49 canx to Italy I-CRES Ae 45 Aero Club Milano rgd 18jul59 Aero Club Milano of Linate; owner also reported as Franco Rol; based at Torino; canx 1970 F-GFYA Ae 45 Pierre Cavassilas res aug88 Pierre Cavassilas of Chavenay; possibly never fully registered F-AZJX Ae 45 Pierre Cavassilas rgd 08jul94 seen Chavenay 20may94 with a 'W' taped over the 'A' of the registration; still current in 2007; under restoration near Paris in 2008; was to be reflown jan09; seen Compiègne 19jun09 and 27jun09 in all-grey c/s with large blue registration, in great condition; seen Soissons-Courmelles 28may12 with smaller black registration; l/n Compiègne 15jun13, active 49 005 OK-DCA Ae 45 rgd 23apr49 I-AERA Ae 45 Luigi Leone rgd 11oct61 based at Torino 49 006 HB-EKF Ae 45 Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Experimental Analysis of Composite Jet Engine Air Inlet
    36th Danubia-Adria Symposium on Advances in Experimental Mechanics 24–27 September 2019, Plzeň, Czech Republic EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE JET ENGINE AIR INLET Karel DOUBRAVA1, Milan DVOŘÁK2, Nikola SCHMIDOVÁ3, Tomáš KOSTROUN4, Jan VÁCLAVÍK5 and Milan RŮŽIČKA6 1 Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 166 07 Prague, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected] 2 Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 166 07 Prague, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected] 3 Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 166 07 Prague, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected] 4 Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 166 07 Prague, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected] 5 AERO Vodochody AEROSPACE a.s., U Letiště 374, 250 70 Odolena Voda , Czech Republic, E- mail: [email protected] 6 Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technická 4, 166 07 Prague, Czech Republic, E-mail: [email protected] 1. Introduction 2. Air inlet Aero L-39 light jet trainer is widely used in many The complete air inlet (see Fig. 2) is composed countries around the world. One important element of three main composite parts. of the structure is the air inlet. Fatigue life of the metal air inlet is one of the factors limiting service life of entire aircraft. The new generation L-39NG jet trainer (see Fig. 1) represents deep modernization of the L-39 combining latest engine and aircraft systems technology with traditional advantages of L-39s legacy.
    [Show full text]
  • L-39 Albatros
    L-39 ALBATROS Type: L-39 Albatros Max Speed: 490 KIAS / Mach 0.80 Max Range: 864 NM G-Limits: +8.0g / -4.0g Ceiling: 36,000 ft Max Climb Rate: 4,130+ fpm Max Endurance: 3.8 hours The L-39 Albatros is a highly capable, stable, subsonic aircraft that first flew in November 1969. The aircraft is produced in the Czech Republic and it is constructed in conjunction with plans developed by Aero Vodochody and its chief designer, Jan Vlček. The L-39 is flown worldwide, principally with former Soviet allies. The aircraft continues to fly in countries as diverse as Iraq, Chechnya, Libya, Syria and Russia. The Albatros is flown primarily as a trainer or light attack aircraft similar in mission to the Italian MB339 or M-346, the British Hawk and the US Goshawk. The L-39 is designed with many distinguishing characteristics. The aircraft possesses a uniquely tall vertical tail that is swept back and is one of its dominant features. The tail, with its inset rudder, provides directional control to the aircraft. The L-39 has thick wings that provide ample lift for the airframe, and each wing has provisions to mount stores or fuel tanks that extend the range of the L-39. Operational g-force limits at 4,200 kg are +8g/-4g. Side-by-side airbrakes are located under the L-39 fuselage slightly ahead of the wing’s leading edge. The L-39 has variable-incidence horizontal stabilizers mounted on the rear of the aircraft at the base of the rudder.
    [Show full text]
  • Energy Security in Transition
    ENERGY SECURITY IN TRANSITION: PREVIEWCOPING WITH ENERGY IMPORT DEPENDENCE IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC, SLOVAKIA AND HUNGARY By Andrej Nosko A Doctoral Dissertation submitted to Central European University Department of Political Science In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science Supervisor: Professor Béla Greskovits Budapest, Hungary 2013 CEU eTD Collection DECLARATION I hereby declare that no parts of this thesis have been accepted for any other degrees in any other institutions. This thesis contains no materials previously written and/or published by another PREVIEWperson, except where appropriate acknowledgment is made in the form of bibliographical reference. Andrej Nosko CEU eTD Collection ii ABSTRACT In this dissertation I study why countries under comparable international conditions prioritize energy security differently. Why do their domestic responses of coping with structural position of PREVIEWenergy import dependence vary over time, and what explains the type of variation and its timing? By answering these questions, this dissertation contributes to the broader research field on temporal and spatial variation of domestic responses to comparable international conditions. In order to understand the factors of prioritizing security in energy policy, and their facilitating and inhibiting conditions in countries in transition, through case selection, I isolate effects of fundamentals and external factors. As I observe in the Central and East European countries in transition, policies enhancing energy security are prioritized when three aspects coincide and interact: When popular perception of threat, which can plausibly be connected to the energy supply, is high and concentrated among supporters of ruling parties; when former elites who can draw on personal links with the perceived source of threat, and thus can dampen the effects of threat, are removed from power; and when incumbent industrial interests are de-concentrated and face obstacles in promoting their interests.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report
    annual report ANNUAL REPORT 2009 AERO VODOCHODY A.S. contents 06 14 20 28 04 FOREWORD OF THE PRESIDENT 22REPORT ON BUSINESS ACTIVITIES General Financial Situation 08 COMPANY PROFILE Revenues Corporate Profile Profit Aerostructures Division Property Structure Defence & MRO Division Financing Resources Portfolio of Companies Human Resources Strategic Objective Environment 36 46 70 10 HISTORY 30 OPINION OF THE SUPERVISORY BOARD Early Days Expansion 32 AUDITOR’S REPORT ON ANNUAL REPORT War Production Prelude to the Future 34 AUDITOR’S REPORT Jet Era ON FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Indigenous Jet Trainers Civil Program 38 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 12 AERO IN DATA 48 NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 16 KEY EVENTS OF 2009 68 REPORT ON RELATED PARTIES 18 COMPANY BODIES AND MANAGEMENT Organization Chart ANNUAL REPORT 2009 AERO VODOCHODY A.S. foreword of the president 04 05 of the company In 2009, Aero faced adverse situations affected also the employees by reducing their number by 10 %. Thanks in the aerospace market. Virtually all areas to successful start-up of activities in the field of "lean management" of civil aviation program have been affected it was possible to maintain profitability at a decent level and also by significant reductions in demand, but Aero to lay the foundation of long-term maintenance of competitiveness. has succeeded to respond to this negative swing accordingly. Relatively significant cost In 2009, Aero also started its way of "risk-sharing" programs by entering reductions were done, which unfortunately into a contract in June and starting with the project for development and subsequent production of the CSeries aircraft leading edge for the Canadian company Bombardier.
    [Show full text]
  • Red Air” Comes from the Private Sector
    Photo by Robert Destatio Enemies for Hire By Walter J. Boyne Sometimes, the best “Red Air” comes from the private sector. ighter pilots have been practicing formance and tactics that were studied by air combat maneuvering—dogfi ght- the respective air forces and industries ing—since 1914. Most air forces on both sides. Contemporary magazines, have some kind of formal dogfi ght- such as Britain’s Flight Magazine, printed ing instruction, and most fi ghter numerous insightful analyses of enemy Fpilots do it on their own—frequently against aircraft, including three-view drawings regulations and often with casualties. It was and detailed sketches of technical in- not until the Vietnam War, however, that novations. systematic air combat maneuver (ACM) Both sides repaired and fl ew captured training was introduced using aircraft with enemy aircraft, often to practice friendly dissimilar performance air combat. A few pilots, such as German Formal schooling was established for ace Rudolf F. O. Windisch, who earned 22 dissimilar air combat tactics after Vietnam, victories, went further. For his sixth kill, but it wasn’t until the early 1990s that Windisch shot down a French SPAD S. private fi rms were attracted to provide VII, fl own by Portuguese Captain Oscar DACT as a commercial service. Monteiro Torres. Windisch had the SPAD Increasingly, these fi rms provide many repaired and painted it red, replacing Al- types of DACT at far lower cost than the lied markings with German insignia. Then military services can achieve on their own. he fl ew it in combat, reportedly liking it Most of the activities don’t involve “Red better than his own government-issue on Blue” dogfi ghts, although these receive Albatros D.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Modernization of the Czech Air Force
    Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2001-06 Modernization of the Czech Air Force. Vlcek, Vaclav. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10888 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, California THESIS MODERNIZATION OF THE CZECH AIR FORCE by Vaclav Vlcek June 2001 Thesis Advisor: Raymond Franck Associate Advisor: Gregory Hildebrandt Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 20010807 033 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMBNo. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED June 2001 Master's Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE : MODERNIZATION OF THE CZECH AIR FORCE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Vaclav VIcek 8. PERFORMING 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) ORGANIZATION REPORT Naval Postgraduate School NUMBER Monterey, CA 93943-5000 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING / MONITORING N/A AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • L-29 Delfín CZECHOSLOVAK JET TRAINER and LIGHT ATTACK AIRCRAFT 1/48 SCALE PLASTIC KIT Profipack #8099
    L-29 Delfín CZECHOSLOVAK JET TRAINER AND LIGHT ATTACK AIRCRAFT 1/48 SCALE PLASTIC KIT ProfiPACK #8099 INTRO The onset of military jets necessitated new training airplanes, preparing student pilots for demanding machinery better than piston trainers. The Fouga Magister took off for first time during 1952 as the first successful example of this new breed. Shortly afterwards also the countries of the then Warshaw Pact (WP) realized the need for such an aircraft. The Czechoslovak Ministry of National Defense (MNO) specified the tactical and technical requirements for future jet trainer in 1955, demanding use of the domestic turbojet M710 engine with one stage axial- flow compressor, which was under the development at the time. The project took off under the C-29 designation with Zdeněk Rublič starting the work on the design immediately. Later on, Karel Tomáš joined him as a second main designer, and both were assisted by younger prospect Jan Vlček, who, in 1960, took the lead role in further development, as both the main designers retired. Later on Vlček used his experience from L-29 in design of successor L-39 Albatros. Shortly after the start of pre-design work the C-29 attracted attention of Soviet officials, who were acquainted with the project in early stage of development. The reason was obvious: while Czechoslovakia needed only some 100 of trainers, the demand of Soviet Union promised orders of thousands of them. The first consultations between Czech and Soviet representatives took place in Moscow in May 1956 and the requirement for turbojet engine with a robust radial-flow compressor instead of axial-flow one emerged as one of the main requests from Soviet side.
    [Show full text]
  • CHANGE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION CHG 2 Air Traffic Organization Policy Effective Date: November 8, 2018
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION JO 7340.2H CHANGE FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION CHG 2 Air Traffic Organization Policy Effective Date: November 8, 2018 SUBJ: Contractions 1. Purpose of This Change. This change transmits revised pages to Federal Aviation Administration Order JO 7340.2H, Contractions. 2. Audience. This change applies to all Air Traffic Organization (ATO) personnel and anyone using ATO directives. 3. Where Can I Find This Change? This change is available on the FAA website at http://faa.gov/air_traffic/publications and https://employees.faa.gov/tools_resources/orders_notices. 4. Distribution. This change is available online and will be distributed electronically to all offices that subscribe to receive email notification/access to it through the FAA website at http://faa.gov/air_traffic/publications. 5. Disposition of Transmittal. Retain this transmittal until superseded by a new basic order. 6. Page Control Chart. See the page control chart attachment. Original Signed By: Sharon Kurywchak Sharon Kurywchak Acting Director, Air Traffic Procedures Mission Support Services Air Traffic Organization Date: October 19, 2018 Distribution: Electronic Initiated By: AJV-0 Vice President, Mission Support Services 11/8/18 JO 7340.2H CHG 2 PAGE CONTROL CHART Change 2 REMOVE PAGES DATED INSERT PAGES DATED CAM 1−1 through CAM 1−38............ 7/19/18 CAM 1−1 through CAM 1−18........... 11/8/18 3−1−1 through 3−4−1................... 7/19/18 3−1−1 through 3−4−1.................. 11/8/18 Page Control Chart i 11/8/18 JO 7340.2H CHG 2 CHANGES, ADDITIONS, AND MODIFICATIONS Chapter 3. ICAO AIRCRAFT COMPANY/TELEPHONY/THREE-LETTER DESIGNATOR AND U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • EU Enlargement and Armaments Occasional Paper
    Occasional Paper September 2004 n°54 Edited by Burkard Schmitt EU enlargement and armaments Defence industries and markets of the Visegrad countries published by Timo Behr and Albane Siwiecki the European Union Institute for Security Studies 43 avenue du Président Wilson F-75775 Paris cedex 16 phone: + 33 (0) 1 56 89 19 30 fax: + 33 (0) 1 56 89 19 31 e-mail: [email protected] www.iss-eu.org In January 2002 the EU Institute for Security Studies (EUISS) was created as a Paris- based autonomous agency of the European Union. Following an EU Council Joint Action of 20 July 2001, it is now an integral part of the new structures that will support the fur- ther development of the CFSP/ESDP. The Institute’s core mission is to provide analyses and recommendations that can be of use and relevance to the formulation of EU policies. In carrying out that mission, it also acts as an interface between experts and decision-mak- ers at all levels. Occasional Papers are essays or reports that the Institute considers should be made avail- able as a contribution to the debate on topical issues relevant to European security. They may be based on work carried out by researchers granted awards by the EUISS, on contri- butions prepared by external experts, and on collective research projects or other activities organised by (or with the support of) the Institute. They reflect the views of their authors, not those of the Institute. Publication of Occasional Papers will be announced in the EUISS Newsletter and they will be available on request in the language - either English or French - used by authors.
    [Show full text]
  • ECCAIRS 4.2.8 Data Definition Standard
    ECCAIRS 4.2.8 Data Definition Standard Aircraft make/models The ECCAIRS 4 aircrafts are based on ICAO's ADREP 2000 taxonomy. They have been organised at three hierarchical levels. Note that for ATM purposes there is a separate table 'Aircraft Type Designators' 17 September 2010 Page 1 of 157 ECCAIRS 4 Aircrafts : Flight Operations Data Definition Standard 12950000 129500100 A109 POWER (GRAND, LUH) 129500200 A119 KOALA A119 KOALA 129500300 A129 A129 129500400 EH-101 EH101 Merlin Joint Supporter A.V.ROE & COMPANY (UNITED KINGDOM) 7130000 71300100 504, REPLICA 71300200 594, 616 AVIAN 71300300 621 TUTOR 71300400 652 ANSON 71300500 683 LANCASTER 71300600 696 SHACKLETON 71300700 748 (C-91) 71301000 RJ-100 AVROLINER 71300800 RJ-70 AVROLINER 71300900 RJ-85 AVROLINER A/C INDUSTRIES - CANADA 640000 6400100 JOBMASTER 6499900 UNKNOWN AAC AMPHIBIAN AIRPLANES OF CANADA (CANADA) 100000 1000100 SEASTAR AB RADAB (SWEDEN) 11100000 111000100 WINDEX AB Sportine Aviacija (Lithuania) 13710000 137100100 LAK-17AT 137100200 LAK-19T 137100300 LAK-20M ABS AIRCRAFT (GERMANY) 120000 1200100 RF-9 ABS AIRCRAFT AG 130000 (SWITZERLAND) 1300100 RF-9 ACE 010000 100100 BABY ACE MODEL D 100200 JUNIOR ACE 100300 STALLION, SUPER STALLION 199900 UNKNOWN ACRO SPORT 090000 900100 ACRO-SPORT I 900200 ACRO-SPORT II 900300 BIPLANE 900400 NESMITH COUGAR 17 September 2010 Page 2 of 157 ECCAIRS 4 Aircrafts : Flight Operations Data Definition Standard 900500 POBER JUNIOR ACE 900600 POBER P-9 (PIXIE) 900700 POBER SUPER ACE 900800 SUPER ACRO-SPORT AD AEROSPACE LTD (UNITED KINGDOM) 160000 1600100 T-211 ADAM 020000 200100 RA-14 LOISIRS 200200 RA-15 MAJOR; RA-151 200300 RA-17 299900 UNKNOWN ADAM AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES (UNITED STATES) 170000 1700300 A-500 The Adam A500 is a six-seat civil utility aircraft that was produced by Adam Aircraft Industries.
    [Show full text]
  • Aero Vodochody/Let L-29 Delfin
    Last updated 1 December 2020 ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| AERO VODOCHODY/LET L-29 DELFIN |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 093704 • L-29L (to Soviet AF as 16) ES-YLI (1 Dolfin Aero, Tallin, Estonia 96 ZU-BCJ Stuart D. Davidson, Port Elizabeth-Seaview 10.96/97 sold to Australia: struck-off reg. 25.7.97 Nigel Arnot/ Ultimate Aerobatics, Sydney NSW .97/98 (shipped to Australia, arr. dism. Camden .98) VH-BQJ Col Rogers & Geoff Muller/ Colarena Investments, Sydney NSW 3.9.01/04 (ff Camden 12.01, flew as Soviet AF “16”) Nigel T. Dunn, Goolwa SA 29.7.04/09 Charles Camilleri, Bathurst NSW 8.1.10/20 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 093705 • L-29 (to Soviet AF as 30 Black) N937GA Global Aero-Marine Ltd, Newport RI 11.99/00 sold to Canada, struck-off USCR 1.00 N937GA Golf Romeo Papa Inc, Dover DE: rest. USCR 10.7.00/02 C-GGRP Phoenix Hangars Inc, Sidney BC 18.9.02/09 Classic Wings Adventures, Vancouver BC 22.12.09/19 struck-off register 16.9.19 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 093734 • L-29 N8164C Adrenalin Airsports LLC, Caldwell ID 2.2.99/00 Craig B. Kaul, Inver Grove MN 9.8.01/09 Jon
    [Show full text]