Jack C. Ellis and Betsy A. Mclane

Home , Born into Brothels, Circle of the Sun, Comic Book Confidential, Desert Victory, Nine from Little Rock, One Day in September

A NEW HISTORY OF DOCUMENTARY FILM

Jack c. Ellis and Betsy A. McLane

.~ continuum

NEW YOR K. L ONDON -

Contents

Preface ix

Chapter 1 Some Ways to Think About Documentary 1 Description 1 Definition 3 Intellectual Contexts 4 Pre-documentary Origins 6 Books on Documentary Theory and General Histories of Documentary 9

Chapter 2 Beginnings: The Americans and Popular Anthropology, 1922-1929 12 The Work of Robert Flaherty 12 The Flaherty Way 22 Offshoots from Flaherty 24 Films of the Period 26 Books 011 the Period 26

Chapter 3 Beginnings: The Soviets and Political btdoctrinatioll, 1922-1929 27 Nonfiction 28 Fict ion 38 Films of the Period 42 Books on the Period 42

Chapter 4 Beginnings: The European Avant-Gardists and Artistic Experimentation, 1922-1929 44 Aesthetic Predispositions 44 Avant-Garde and Documentary 45 Three City Symphonies 48 End of the Avant-Garde 53 Films of the Period 55 Books on the Period 56

= vi CONTENTS

Chapter 5 Institutionalization: Great Britain, 1929- 1939 57 Background and Underpinnings 57 The System 60 The Films 63 Grierson and Flaherty 70 Grierson's Contribution 73 Films of the Period 74 Books on the Period 75

Chapter 6 Institutionalization: United States, /930- 1941 77 Film on the Left 77 The March of Time 78 Government Documentaries 80 Nongovernment Documentaries 92 American and British Differences 97 Denouement 101 An Aside to Conclude 102 Films of the Period 103 Books on the Period 103

Chapter 7 Expansion: Great Britain, 1939- 1945 105 Early Days 106 Indoctrination 109 Social Documentary 113 Records of Battle 115 Films of the Period 118 Books on the Period 119

Chapter 8 Expansion: Canada, 1939- 1945 120 Founding of the National Film Board 121 Theatrical Series 122 Nontheatrical Films 125 Summary 126 Fil ms of the Period 127 Books on the Period 128

Chapter 9 Expansion: United States, 1941- 1945 130 Training 131 Indoctrination 131 Records of Battle 135 Social Documentary 138 Comparisons: Great Britain, Canada, the United States 141 Films of the Period 146 Books on the Period 147 --

CONTENTS vii

Chapter 10 The Unfulfilled Promise: Postwar Documentary, 1945- 1952 148 Personnel and Leadership 152 Sponsorship 155 Subjects ) 56 Approaches and Techniques 163 Final Observations 164 Films of the Period 164 Books on the Period 165

Chapter 11 In Pursuit of Excellence: National Film Board of Canada's Unit B, 1948-1964 167 Films of the Period 177 Books on the Period 177

Chapter 12 A New Channel: Documentary for Television, the "Golden Years," 1951-1971 179 Historical Background 180 Documentary Series 181 Special Characteristics of Television Documentary 189 Films of the Period 193 Books on the Period 195

Chapter 13 British Free Cinema and Social-Realist Features, 1956-1963 196 Critical Background 197 Free Cinema Films 197 Political and Cultural Context 203 Social-Realist Features 204 Films of the Period 206 Books on the Period 207

Chapter 14 Direct Cinema and Cinema Write, 1960- 1970 208 Historical Background 208 New Technology and First Films 210 Direct Cinema vs Cinema Verite 215 Effects on Documentary Subjects and Styles 218 Aesthetic and Ethical Considerations 222 Films of the Period 224 Books on the Period 225

Chapter 15 English-Language Documentary in the 1970s-Power of th e People 227 Veteran Filmmakers 228 New Directions in Verite 235

• viii CONTENTS

Social and Political Emphases 242 Historical Documentary 252 Films of the Period 255 Books on the Period 256 Chapter 16 English-Language Documentary in the 1980s-Video Arrives 258 Cable and Sa tellite Technology 260 The Personal Essay Film 262 The Historical Film 265 Strictly Political 270 Racial and Ethnic Minorities 271 Representing Gay and Lesbian Culture 279 Musk and Performance 287 Films of the Period 29 1 Books on the Period 292

Chapter 17 English-Language Documentary in the 1990s and Beyond- Reality Bytes 293 Business and Technology: The Bad and the Good 294 American Public Television 297 The Ken Burns Phenomenon 299 Ca nada Soldiers On 302 Developments in the United Kingdom 304 American Independents 310 Theatrical Documentary 316 Films of the Period 323 Books on the Period 324 Chapter 18 Some Other Ways to Think About Documentary 326 Technological Promises 327 Aesthetics and Content 328 Finance 330 Intimate Doings of Reality 332 Newer Theory 334 The Future 335 Conclusion 338 Books on the Period 339

Appendices 341 One: Film Festivals 341 Two: Academy-Award-Winning Documentaries 345 Three: The National Film Registry 351 Four: The Grierson Award 353 Five: The lda Awards 356 Index 357 Acknowledgments from Betsy A. McLane 385 INDEX

ABC, 18 1, 186, 194,215,235,243,333 "An Allegation of Rape," 234 Abraham and Mary Lincoln: A House Di Allegret, Marc, 26 vided, 302 Alien, Steve, 221 Academy Award-winning documen taries, Alpert, Jon, 248, 261, 296, 323 345-50 Alternative Media Cen ter (of New York Action Statiofls!, 128 University), 247 Adair, Nancy, 279, 282 Always for Pleasure, 310 Adair. Peter, 279, 282 Alwyn, WiIliam, 11 5, 116 Adato, Perry Miller, 255, 256 Amanpour, Christiane. 296 Addison, Joseph, 70 Amateur Night at City Hall, 289 Ades, Lisa, 302 America, documenta ry in. See also Direct Adkin, David, 303 cinema; English-language documen Advance/Newhouse. 261 tary "Adventures on the New Frontier," 186 battle records and (1941- 1945), 135- 38, A&E, 261, 296, 297 144 Aero-Engine, 74 beginnings of (1922-1929), 12-26 Aesthetics, 44 -45, 222-24, 328-30 British documentary v. (1930-1941)' L' Age d'or, 46 97-101 Canada, Great Britain, and (1941- 1946), Agee, James. 148 141-46 El Agente agrotlomo (The County Agent), expansion and (1941- 1945 ), 130- 47 147 Flaherty, Robert, work of, 12-25 Agitka,28 government productions (1 930- 1941), Agitprop, 28 , 30, 78, 244, 271 80-91 Aileen: Life and Death of a Serial Killer, 306, independents and (1990-),309-15 324 indoctrination and (1941-1945), 131- Aileen Wuoron os: The Selling of a Serial 35, 144 Killer, 306 institutionalization and (1930-1941), a.k.a. Don Bonus, 276 77- 104 Akomfrah, John, 275, 292 internationalism and ( 1945- 1952), 157 Alan Landsberg Productions, 333 leftist film and (1930- 1941), 77- 78 Alatlis, 277 MOT and, 4, 30, 31, 37, 77, 78-80. 79, Alexeieff. Alexa nder, 122 92,93,100, 101 , 103, 122, 123 , 138, Algren, Nelson, 222 139,143,143, 158, 181, 182, 184, l89, Ali, Muhammad, 260 192 Alk, Howard, 255 nongovernment productions (1930- All My Babies, 149-50, 162, 165,245 1941), 92-97

357 358 INDEX

personnel, leadership and (1945-1952), Applebaum, Louis, 123 152-53, 154, 155 Approaches and techniques (1945- 1952), public television and (1990-), 297-99 163- 64 social documentary and (I941-1945), Apropos de Nice, 47 138-41, 146 Apted, Michael, 287, 291 , 308, 309, 323 sponsorship and (1945-1952),155,156 Argonallts of the Western Pacific (Malinow- television and (1951-1971),180- 93 ski), 5 training film s and (194 1-1945), 131 "Argument in Indianapolis," 182, 193 America Lost and Found, 266 Aristotle, 216 American Documentary Films. 95 The Ark, 305 American Dream, 320, 322 The Armies of the Night (Thompson), 4 American Experience. 298 Armitage, Simon, 306-7, 324 An American Family. 222, 223, 224, 235. Army Film and Photographic Unit, 115 240 Amell, Richard, 88 American Film Center, 101 The Arrival of a Train at the Station, 6, 338 American Frontier, 154 Articles of War, 131 American Hollow, 261 Artists Must Live, 162 American Masters, 289, 298 Artkino, 187 American Movie Classics. 261 The arts (1945- 1952),161 America's Answer, 9 Asian Cine Vision, 275 America's War 011 Poverty. 274 Asq uith, Anthony, 105, 107 Amos and Andy, 274 TIle Assassination of a British Sentry, 7 And So They Live, 90, 96- 97, 101,103, 193 Association of Documentary Film Produc- Anderson, Lindsay, 197- 98.200.202,204, ers (ADFP), 101 205,206,207 Association of Moving Image Archivists, Anderson, Max. 11 8 295 . The Anderson Platoon, 225. 244 Association of Realist Film Producers, 101 Anderson, Robert, 162, 165 Astruc, Alexandre, 224 Andersoll, Sherwood. 57 Atlantic Patrol, 122, 127 Anemic Cinema, 46 Atomic Cafe, 266, 291 Angela: Portrait of a Revolutionary, 255 Attack on a China Missi01l, 7 "Angola: Journey to a War," 185, 194 Attack on a Japmlese Convoy, 7 Angry Boy, 165 Attack! The Battle for New Britain, 137, 146 Angry Young Men, 196, 203, 204 Attiro, 255 Animal Planet, 295 Auden, W. H., 67, 70 Animated Cartoons: TI,e Toy That Grew Up, Aufderheide, Pat, 262, 273, 334 161 The Autobiography of a Jeep, 140, 146 Anka, Paul, 172, 173, 174,218- 19 Avant-garde, in Europe (1922-1929), "Annie Lee Moss Before the McCarthy 44-56 Committee," 190 Avid Media Composer, 258. 327 Anstey, Edgar, 61, 63, 64, 68, 74,75, 107 L' Avventura, 22 1 Anthropology, in North America (1922- 1929),5,6, 12- 26 Baboona,25 Antonia: Portrait of a Woman , 242, 256 Bachelor's Pnrty, 221 Antonioni, Michelangeio, 221 The Back of Beyond, 164 AOL Time Warner, 319 The Back-breaking Leaf, 174-75, 177 Apollinaire, Guillaume, 46 Bagwell, Orlando, 274 Appal'hop, 248, 249, 274 Baker, Douglas, 88 Apple, 327 Baldwin, Stanley, 102

r INDEX 359

Ball. Joseph. 106 Bell, Marlin, 317 TIle Ballad of Baby Doe. 87 Benet, Stephen Vincent, 87 Ballet. 314 Benjamin, Burton, 185, 194 Ballet mecanique, 46 Benjarnin, Mary, 266 The Baltimore Plan, 164 Benjy. 148. 165 The Band. 287 Benson, Lillian, 274 Bank Holiday. 105 Berga: So ldiers of Another War, 270 Baptism of Fire, 134 Berkeley irJ th e Sixties. 322 Barbour. Malcolm. 234. 333 Berle, Milton, 180 Barenaked in America. 287 Berlin: Symphony of a Great City. 47. 48, Barenaked Ladies. 287 50.51.52- 53.55.57.186.202 Barlow, Roger, 96, 12 2 Berlin er, Alan, 263-64 Bames, John, 164 Berlinger. Joe. 261. 287. 322. 324 Barnes, Paul, 301 Berry. Chuck. 287 Barnouw, Erik, 252, 255 Berten, Pierre, 170, 172 Barren. Elizabeth. 249 Tlte Best Years of Our Lives, 153 Barron. Arthur. 191. 195. 225 The Betrayed. 305 Barstow. Stan . 204 A Better Tomorrow, 141 , 147 Baseball. 301 Beveridge, James, 122, 128 Basic Training, 189, 190,238 TIle Bicycle Thief, 149 "The Basis of 'Film Eye' [Kill0 Glaz]," Big Brother, 333 33-34 Biggie and Tupac, 239 The Battle for the Marianas, 137 Billy Liar. 205. 207 TIle Battle of Algiers. 38- 39 Biography. 296 The Battle ofBritain, 133, 146, 153-54 Biography Channel. 296 TIle Battle of China. 133. 146 «Biography of a Bookie Joint," 184. 194 The Battle of Midway. 146 Biography of the Motion Pictu re Camera, "The Battle of Newburgh." 185. 194 161 The Battle of Russia. 133. 145. 146 Bird. Lance. 266. 267. 292. 299 Tile Battle of San Pietro. 135. 136. 147 Bird. Stewart. 253, 256 The Battle of the Somme. 9 Birth and Death, 225 The Battle of the Yalu. 7 Bishop. Terry. 158. 160. 165 Battle records Bjerring, Gudrun, 125-26, 128 America and (1941-1945). 135- 38. 144 Black Audio Film Collective, 274- 75 Canada and (1939-1945). 144 Black Journal. 272 Great Britain and (1939-1945). 115-18. Black Sta rs i1l Orbit, 274 144 Black Tar Heroin: The Dark Elld of the Battleship Potemkin, 35, 40, 41, 52, 59, 64 Street, 276 BBC. 180.234. 252. 296. 298. 304. 306. 308. Black Wax. 289 312.333 Blackside. Inc.• 273. 274 B.B.G.-The Voice afBritain, 75 Blair, Tony, 305, 306 The Beatles. 172 Blanchard. Guy. 194 Beaver, Chris, 268 Blank. Les. 290. 29 1. 309-10. 311 Beddington. Jack. 107. 108 Blitzstein, Marc. 92, 94 Beethoven. 224 Block. Mitcheil. 236. 237. 255. 263 Before Stonewall. 279. 282 Blockade. 303 Before They Are Six, 126 Blood and Fire, 174, 177 Belfast. Maine. 314. 323 The Blood of a Poet. 46 Bell. Geoffrey. 75 Blood of the Bemts. 197 360 IND EX

Blood of the Condor. 222 British Film Institute, 197, 198,202 Blood Transfusion, 109 Brittain, Donald, 177,228-29 Blossoms of Fire, 31 0 BriLten. Benjamin. 67. 70 Blue Vinyl. 312 The Bro adcast Tapes of Dr. Peter, 284- 85. The Blues Accordin ' to Lightnin' Hopkins, 286 310 Broken Dykes. 109 Blues Breaks, 290 Broken Noses. 316 Blumenthal. Jerry. 249 The Brooklyn Bridge. 29 1. 299. 300 Blythe. Frank. 277. 279 Broomfield. Nick. 237-38. 239. 240. 241. Boas, Franz, 5 256.263.306 .30~324 Bocheo, Steveu, 235 Brotherhood of Man. 163 Bohlen. Anne. 256 Brother's Keeper, 26 1, 322 Bonanza, 123 Brown, Andrew, 279, 282 Bond, Julian, 273 Brown, Barry, 244, 246 Bond. Ralph. Jl4 Brown, Bruce, 225 Bonus March. 78 Brown, Rita Mae, 279 Boomerang. 87 Bruck, Terry. Jr., 255 Born into Brothels. 331 Bruzzi. Steila, 335 Borneo, 25 Bryan. Julien. 139.140.147. 158.163 Boulevard des [taUens, 6 Bryans, Michael, 266, 291 Boulting. Roy. 115. ll6. llB. 119 Bryant, Baird, 266 Boundary Lines, 163 Bryson. Lyman.190. 193. 22 1 Bourke-White, Margaret. 77 Buba. Ton~292.321 Bourne. St. Clair, 274 Bucher. Jules. 139. 141. 146. 147 Bow[irlg!or Columbine, 319, 320, 324 Buck. Frank. 25 Brabazon, lames. 313 Buena Vista Social Clu b. 287 The Braddock Chronicles. 321 Buftuel, Luis, 46. 47 Braddock Films, 32 1 Burden of Dreams, 291 . 310 Bradley. Ed. 192 "The Burma Surgeon Today," 186 Brady. Mathew, 4, 301 Burma Victory. 11 6. 11 9 Braine. John. 203- 4 Burnford, Paul, 165 BrandoD, Lianne. 252 The Burnillg Question, 109 Brault. Michel. 174.211, 212- 13. 21 5. 217. Burns, Amy Steckler, 301 224. 225 Burns. Ken. 170. 184. 189.265. 291 .295. The Brave Bulls, 84 299-302. 300. 30 1. 310. 322. 338. See Breathing Lessons: The Life and Work of also specific films of Mark O 'Brie», 276 Burns, Red, 247 Brecht. Bertolt, 96 Burns, Ric, 301, 302 Breitrose, Henry. 334 Burstein, Nanette, 297 Brenton, Guy. 198 Burstyn. Sydney. 149 Brico. Antonia, 242 Bush, George, 320 The Bridge. 46 - 47. 53. 55. 139. 146 Business and technology (1990s-), 294- 97 A Brief History of ErroJ Morris , 308 "The Business of Gambling," 194 A Brief History of Time. 264. 322 "The Business of Health: Medicine, Money Bright Leaves, 263 and Politics," 190, 194 Bring 'em Back Alive, 25 Butlignol. Rudy. 303 Brirrg on the Night, 287, 309 Briski. Zana, 331 The Cabinet of Dr. Ca ligari, 51- 52 Britain. See Great Britain CABLEready. 333-34 INDEX 361

Cable/satellite technology (l980s), 260-62 Carson, L. M. "Kit," 235, 255 Cadillac Desert: Water arid tile Transforma- Cartier-Bresson. Henri. 92 tiOIl of Nature, 312, 323 Carville, Tames. 3 13 . 314 Cage, john, 231 TI,e Case ofCharf;e Gordon, 127 Cagney, james, 78, 105 Cassavetes, John, 210, 222 Caldwell, Sarah, 315 A Ca tered Affair, 22 1 California Newsreel, 245, 247, 297 Cavalcanti, Alberto, 47, 48, 49. 55, 61, 64, The California Reich, 316 66,67,69,70,75, 108, 109, 11 2, 142, Call Northside 777, 87 152 . See also specific films of Cameras, 21, 22, 23,208,209,210,217,235 CBS, 181, 182, 184, 185- 86, 189, 191, 192, "Canada Carries On" (eCO), 122- 23, 123, 195,296 127, 128, 143 CBS Reports, 182, 183, 184, 185, 189, 190, Canada, documentary in. See also English 191 , 194 language documentary; Na tional Film The Chair, 213, 216, 219, 220, 225 Board; Unit B Challenge for Change (1970s), 245-47, 251 America, Great Britain, and (1941- Chamberlain, Neville, 93, 105, 106, 107 1945),141- 46 ChanK, 24- 25 battle records and (1939- 1945),144 Channel Incident, 107 developments in (1990s- ), 302- 4 Chaplin, Charlie, 2 expansion and (1939- 1945), 120- 29 Chaplin 's Coliatl!, 308 indoctrination and (1939- 1945), Chasnoff, Debra, 298 143- 44 TI,e Chicago Matemity Center Story, 249, internationalism and (1945- 1952), 158 256 NFB, founding of, 121-22 Chicago Sun Times, 318 non theatrical films and (1939- 1945), Un Chien andaloll, 46 125-26 Children at School, 68 personnel, leadership and (1945- 1952), The Children Must Learn, 96 153, 154-55, 155 The Ch ildren of Canada, 251 social documentary and, 144, 146 Children of Chemoble, 305 sponsorship and (1945-1952), 155, 156 Children of the City, 114, 118 television and (1951 - 1971), 180 Children of War, 260 theatrical series and (1939-1945), Ch ildren on Trial, 148 122-25 "The Children Were Watching," 186, 194 Canadian Broadcasting Corporation China Strikes Back, 93, 103 (CBC), 180, 284, 303, 304 The Chinese jn Hollywo od, 276 Canadian Film Development Corporation, Chopra, Joyce, 225, 242 303 Choy, Christine, 275-76, 292 Canadian Landscape, 128 Christmas at Moose Factory, 277 Canby, Vincent, 29 1 "Christmas in Korea," 181- 82 "Candid Eye," 174, 175, 176 Chronicle of a Summer. 213. 214- 15, 216. Capital Story, 141 , 147 217 Capo te, Truman, 4 Chulas Fronteras, Del Mero Corazon, 310 Capra, Frank, 116, 11 8, 132, 133, 134, 135, Churchill, Bob, 96 140, 146, 147, 153,338 Churchill, joan, 237-38, 240, 241 , 256, 306, Capturing th e Friedmans, 324 307,324 Carlton Television, 305, 307 Churchill, Winston. 107, 11 6, 134 Carnovsky, Morris, 95 Churchill's Island, 122, 128 Carr, Martin, 184 Cigarrette Blues, 310 Carsoll, Johnny, 221 Cinema Quarterly, 62

h 362 I NDEX

Cinema verire, 68, 164, 186, 206, 229, 234, Common Threads: Stories from the Quilt. 235,236,237,240,241,254,259,272, 284,292 291,313,314,318,327,333,334,338 Complaints of a Dutiful Daughter. 323 aesthetic and ethical considerations of, Concert of Wills: Making the Getty Cemer, 222-24 314,323 direct cinema and (1960-1970), 208-26 The Congress, 299 new directions in (19705), 235-42 The Connection, 307 subjects and styles of. 218-22 Contact. 74 technology and first films of, 21O-1S Contemporary Film Historians, Inc., 92 Cinematographe. 208 COl1versatiorls with Willard Van Dyke, 95 Cinemax, 260, 296 Cool RUllnings: The Reggae Movie, 289-90 Circle of the Sun, 177 The Cool World, 232 Citizen Kane, 1> 135 Cooper, Budge, 114, 118 Citron, Michelle, 236, 241, 256, 263 Cooper, Gary, 105, 185 The City, 47, 90, 91, 94- 96, 97,100, 101, Cooper, Merian C, 24-25, 26 103,115, 154, 156, 190 Copland, Aaron, 95, 141 City of Gold, 1, 169, 170, 171 , 172, 177, 221, COPS, 234, 235, 333 246, 299 CoronatiOrl of Nicholas I/, 7 City symphonies, in Europe (1922-1929), Corporation for Public Broadcasting 48-53 (CPB),297 The Civil War, 299, 300, 301, 322, 338 Corml, 168, 169, 177 Clair, Rene, S6 The Cosby SholV, 274 Clark, Kenneth, 106, 107 Coutant, Andr', 210, 217 Coutard, Raoul, 2 15 Clarke, Shirley, 225, 232 Couturie, Bill, 284, 292 "A Class Divided," 299 TIle Covered Wagon, 38 Clayton, Jack, 206 Coverup: Behind the Iran Contra Affair, 27 1 Clearing Enemy Mine Fields, 131 Coward, Noel, 112 Clinton, Bill, 313 Cowley, Malcolm, 92 Close Quarters, 112 Cox Communication, 261 Close-Up!, 186, 187, 190, 194, 195,215,221 The Cradle Will Rock, 92 CNN, 261, 296 Cran, Bill, 298 Coal Face. 62, 63, 67, 70, 75 Crawley, Budge, 122 Coal Mining Women, 249 Crawley, F. R., 128 Coastal Command, Ill. 118 Crawley Films, 156 Cocteau, Jean, 46 Creation According to Genesis. 165 Cohn, Arthur, 308 "Crisis: Behind a Presidential Commit- Cold Front, 140 ment," 93, 103, 194,269 The Cold War, 253, 323 Cronkite, Walter, 186. 191 Coilins, Judy, 242, 256 Crosby, Fioyd, 84, 86, 87, 88 Colonial House, 333 La Crosiere floire (The Black Cruise), 26 Color Adjustment. 274 "Cross of Gold," 100 The Color of Honor, 276 Crossley, Callie, 274 Columbia Pictures, 122 Crowley, John, 266 Columbia Revolt, 244 Crown Film Unit, lOS, 109, 110, Ill, 112, Come Back, Africa, 210 113,140,142,148, 154 Comic Book Confidential, 303 Crumb,323 Coming of Age ill Samoa (Mead), 5, 18 A Cry from the Grave, 305 Coming Out Under Fire. 275. 298 "Cuba: Bay of Pigs," 185, 195 INDEX 363

«Cuba: The Missile Crisis," 195 Diagonal Symphony. 45 cummings, e e, 25 A Diary for Timothy, Ill, 11 3, 119 The Cummington Story, 141, 147 Dichter, Lee, 301 Curtis, Edward, 6-7, 7. 12 Dickson, Deborah, 314 Cutler, R. I., 313, 323 Dickson, Paul, 162, 165 Cyprus Is an Island, 158, 164 Dineen, MoUy,305- 6,323 Ding, Loni, 276 da Silva, Howard, 94 Direct cinema, 30, 164, 172, 174,186,189, Dali, Salvador, 46 190,206,229,235,241,254,314 Dallas, 234 aesthetic and ethical considerations of, Dalrymple, lan, 152 222- 24 Daly, Tom, 122, 167, 168, 172 cinema verite and (1960-1970), 208-26 Daressa, Larry, 297 documentary subjects ,and styles of, Dark Circle, 268 218- 22 Daughter Rite, 236, 241, 256 historical background of, 208-10 Daumier, Honore, 47 new technology and first films of, David,222 210- 15 David Holzman 's Diary. 235.236,237.255 Discovery ChanneUCommunications, 261 - David: Story of a Welshman, 148 62,295,296,297,336 Davis, Bette, 105 Disney, 134, 139-40, 163 Davis. Elmer, 140 Disraeli, Robert, 165 Davis, Peter, 184, 195,244,245,256 Distribution, America v. Great Britain Tlt e Day After Tri1lity, 266, 291, 312 (1930-1941),98- 99 A Day in the LIfe of Bonny COIlSU/O, 237 Divide and Conquer, 133- 34, 146, 160 Daybreak hI Udi, 158, 160, 165 Does for Sale, 331 The Days Before Christmas, 174, 177 Documentary. See also English-language Days of Our Lives, 224 documentary; specific countries Days of Waitirlg, 276 Academy Award-winning, 345- 50 D-Day Remembered, 270, 323 aesthetics and content of, 328- 30 de Antonio, Emile, 228, 229, 230, 231, 255, continental realist tradition and, 5-6, 9, 316 46 de Beaufort, Marc, 307 definition of, xi, 3-4, 59 de Kruif, Paul, 86 description of, 1- 3 De Leo, Maryann, 296 finance and, 330-32 de Rochemont, Louis, 78. 79. 98, 103, 122, future of, 335-37 138, 139 intellectual contexts of. 4-6 "The Death of Stalin," 185, 194 intimate doings of reality and, 332-34 December 7th, 135 naturalist (romantic) tradition and, 4-5, TIle Decihle of Western Civiliza tion, 287 9,23-24,33,72 Deep Dish Satellite Network/TV, 247, 248 newer theory of, 334- 35 DeGauUe, 134 newsreel tradition and, 5, 7, 27, 30 Del.ney, Shelagh, 203, 204 origins of, 6-9 DeMille, Ceeil B., 41, 121 other ways to think about, 326- 39 Demme, Jonathan, 287 production method and technique of, Desert Victory, 115,116, 118,144 2- 3 Destination Nicaragua, 271 propaganda tradition and, 4, 5, 7, 9, 27, Deutsche Panzer (German Tanks), 55 28,30 DeVinney, Jim, 274 purpose/viewpoint/approach to, 2 Dewey Aboard the "Olympia" at Manilla, 7 The Documentary Channel, Canada, 303

- 364 INDEX

Documentary Film (Rotha), 4-6 "Edward R. Murrow Talks on Senator Mc- Documentary Film Productions. 96 Carthy," 193 Th e Documentary Idea, xi Eggeling, Viking, 45-46, 49 Documetltary News Letter, 62. 200 Eight Minutes to Midnight, 266 Dogtown and Z Boys, 324 1848, 161 Domestic Violence. 314, 323 Einstein, Albert, 6 Dong, Arthur, 275,276,298, 323 Eisenhardt, Bob, 314, 323 The Donner Party, 30 1 Eisenhower. Dwight D., 117 Don', Look Back, 225, 287, 316, 338 Eisenstein. Sergei, 28, 33. 39. 40, 41. 47. 59, Doob, Chris, 314 64. See also specific films of Dos Passos, John, 92 Eisler, Hanns. 93 Dovzhenko, Alexander, 39, 41 Eldridge, john, 48, 165 Down from th e Mountain, 313-14 The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (Wolfe), 4 Downtown Community Television Center Else, jon, 266, 273- 74, 291, 312, 313, 323 (DCfV), 248, 255, 296, 297 Elton, Arthur, 61, 63, 68, 74, 75, 107 Dr. Death: The Rise and Fall of Fred E. Leu~ Empire Marketing Board (EMB), 59- 60, chter, Jr., 264 60-62,63,64, 121,122,139,154 Dream Deceivers: The Story Behind lames The Empowerment Project, 271 Vanee vs. Judas Priest?, 288 Encyclopedia Britannica Films, 164 Drew, Anne, 314, 315 Th e Endless Summer. 225. 316 Drew Associates. 186. 194, 211 , 213, 215, England. See Great Britain 216,221,225,269,333 Engle, Morris, 209-10 Drew, Robert, 186, 187,211,212,213, 215, English-language documentary 217,222,225,313,314,315,334,343. American independents and (1990-), See also Drew Associates 309-15 Drifters, 4, 38, 60, 63-64, 73. 74 American public television and (1990- ), Drinkillg for England, 306- 7 297-99 Drums Along the Mohawk, 135 Burns, Ken, phenomenon of and Dry Wood and Hot Pepper, 310, 311 (1990-),299-302 du Luaft, Yolanda. 255 business and tech nology (1990-), Duchamp, Marcel, 46 294-97 Dude. Wh ere's My Cou ntry ?~ 319 cable and satellite technology and Dunham, Harry, 93, 103 (l980s),260- 62 Dunne, Philip, 140 Canada, developments in and (1990-), The Durbar at Delhi, 6 302- 4 Dyer, Gwynne, 266, 291 Challenge for Change and (1970s), Dyke,actics, 285 245-47 Dylan, Bob, 287 emerging organizatio ns and (I970s), 248-50 "The Earth and Its Peoples," 165 feminist institutions and (1970s), Eastern Valley. 96 250-52 Eastman Kodak, 21 , 135, 179,210 gay/lesbian culture and (l980s), 279-87 Ebert, Roger, 265, 318 Great Britain, developments in and Eddie,222 (1990-), 304- 9 Eddy, Nelson, 121 historical documentary and (1970s), 252 Edison Company, 6, 8, 208, 209 historical films and (1980s), 265-70 Educational Film Institute of New York music, performance, and (19805). University, 96 287-91 INDEX 365

new directions in cinema verite and The Fall of th e Romanov Dynasty, 35, 35- (1970s),235-42 37,42,52,57, liS, 186 Newsreel Collective and (1970s), 244-45 Famous Players-Lasky, 15 1970s, of, 227-57 Fang and Claw, 25 1980s, arrival of video and, 258-92 Fanning, David, 298- 99 1990-, of, 293-325 Farkas, Nicholas, 165 personal essay films and ( 1980s), 262-65 The Farm: Angola USA , 313, 323 political films and (1980s), 270-71 Farrebique. 197 public access cable and (1970s), 247-48 Fast, Cheap, and Out of Control. 264 racial/ethnic minorities and (1980s), Father Cough/in, 79 271-79 Father Roy: Inside the School of AssassirlS, social and political emphases and 271 (1970s),242-52 Feeding th e Baby, 6 theatrical exhibition and (1990-), Feelitlg All Right, 162, 165 315- 22 Tile Feeling of Hostility, 162 veteran filmmakers and (I970s), 228-34 Tire Feeling of Rejection, 162, 165 Vietnam and (1970s), 242- 44 Feelings of Depressiorz, 162 Enough to Eat?, 63, 68, 75 Feely, Jim, 327 The Entertainer, 206 FeJtham Sirzgs, 307. 324 Epic, in Soviet documentary, 37-38 Feminist institutions (1970s), 250-52 Epstein, Andrew, 282, 284 Ferguson, Graeme, 321 Epstein, Jean, 56 Fernie, Lynne. 303, 322 Epstein, Rob, 260-61 , 279, 282, 283, 284, Femo, John, 92, 93, 96, 103, 122, 125 291,292 Fiction. and Soviet documentary ( 1922- Etheridge, Melissa, 282 1929), 38-42 Ethnic Notions: Black People in White Field, Cannie, 253, 254, 256 Minds, 274 Fielding, Raymond. 14 3 Europe, documentary in The Fight for Life, 86, 87, 90, 100, 103, 249 aesthetic predispositions and, 44-45 Tile Fighting Lady, 138, 139, 146 avant-garde and (1922-2929),44- 56 Fil m and Photo League, 77-78, 80, 82, 92, city symphonies and, 48-53 244 Evans, Walker, 4 Film Canada Program, 303 Everest, 322, 323 Film Centre, 63, 101, 107 Every Day Except Christmas, 198,200.201, Film Committee of the Imperial Relations 202,203,206 Trust, 121 Excursion of the French Photographic Society "Film Eye," 33-34 to Neuville. 7 Film festivals, 312, 316, 318, 33 1, 332, 34 1- Experimentation. in European film and art 44,343 (1922- 1929),44-56 Film Society MagazirJe. See Seque"ce Extreme Makeover, 333 Filmmakers Eyes on tile Prize I: America's Civil Rights Am erican v. British (1930- 194 1), 98 Years 1954-1965,273-74,292,312 veteran (1970s), 228-34 Eyes on the Prize II: America at th e Racial Films Beget Films (Leyda), 37 Crossroads (1965-1985), 273-74, 292 Films Division, 106, 107, 154, 15 8 Films of Reco rd, 234 Faces, 222 Finance, and documentary, 330-32 «Faces of Ca nada," 186 Fine Line Features, 3 16. 318 Fahrenheit 9/11,319, 320, 324, 338 Finis Terrae, 56 Falkenberg, Paul, 165 Fire from the Mountain, 27 1 366 INDEX

Fires Were Started, Ill, 118, 193 The Fourth Estate, 1 Firestone, Cinda, 255 FOX, 333 The First Days, 106 Fox, John Langley, 234 First Steps, 165 France. See Cinema verite FIX: The Story of all Addicted City, 303 Franco, Francisco, 92, 93 Flaherty, David, 212 Franju, Georges, 197 Flaherty Film Seminars. 212, 213. 252, 342 Fraser, Donald, 122 Flaherty, Frances, 14, 15, 19. 24, 71, 212, Fraser, Nick, 304- 5 231,342 Frazer, James, 5 Flaherty, Robert. xi, 5- 7,12, 13,14. 16.18, Frazier, Joe, 260 23,27, 28.31,32,33,38,41,44,59, Free Cinema, in Great Britain (1956- 60,64,66,74,88.89,90, 91,97, 103, 1963),196- 207 llD, 149, 150, 151, 161 , 164, 165, 189, films of, 197-203 209, 214,215, 216,218,220, 221 , 224, political and cultural context of, 203-4 227, 235, 245,255,295,299,300, 315, Freed, Fred, 195 321 , 326, 334, 338. See also specific Freud, Sigmund, 6 films of Freund, Karl, 51- 52 Grierson and, 70- 73 Friedman, Jeffrey, 260- 61 , 284, 292 offshoots from, 24- 25 Friedman, Peter, 285 way of, 22- 24 Friendly. Fred W., 181, 193 work of, 12-22 From Forest to France, 9 The Fleet That Came to Stay. 138 "From Kaiser to Fuehrer," 186, 194 Fieischman, Stephen, 194 From Mao to Mozart: [saac Stern in China, Fletcher, John, 198 291,316 Flight of the Dragon , 125 From T11 ese Roots, 273 Flower Films, 310 Fromke, Susan, 314, 323 F1ynn, Errol, 116 The Front Line, 107 Fog, 140 Frontier Films, 78, 92, 93-94, 95, 101-2. The Fog of War: ELevert Lessons From the See also Nykino Life ofRobert s. McNamara, 264, 324 Frontier House, 333 Fonda, Henry, 148 Frontline, 298, 299, 314, 330 Fanda, Jane, 216 FrontfinelWorld, 330 Food as It Might Be, 126 The Funeral of Queen Victoria, 7 Food-5ecret of the Peace, 128 Furie, Sidney, 207 Food- Weapon of Conquest. 125. 128 Fury j" the Pacific, 138, 147 Football/Mooney vs. Fowle. 216, 225 For All Mallkind, 316 Gabriel Films, 3 12 For Auctiorl: An American Hero, 314 Gaines, Jane, 334 Forbiddell City U.S.A. , 275 Gap-Toothed Women, 310 Forbidden Love: Th e Unashamed Stories of Garbo, Greta. 105 Lesbian Lives, 303, 322 Garbus, Liz, 313, 323 Ford, John, 86, 93, 135,146, 153,197 Garcia. Ana Maria, 271 TIle Foreman Went to France, 112 The Garden, 314 Forster, E. M., 113 Garlic Is as Good as Ten Mothers, 291, 310 42 Up, 323 Garner, Ray, 194 Forward a Century, 164, 165 Gary, Diane, 301 Tile Four Hundred Million, 93, 103 Gas Masks, 39 Four Liffle Girls, 323 Gasl, Leon, 323 Four Mm i'l Prison, 148 Gates of Heaven, 264, 265, 316 INDEX 367

Gay/lesbian culture (1980s), 279-87 Gosling, Maureen. 310 Gazeccki, William, 323 The Gospel According to AJ Green, 290 The General Line/Old and New, 40, 41 Government Motion Picture Bureau, General Post Office (GPO)/Film Unit, 61, 120-21 62,63,68,70,105, 106,108, 109, 121 , Governmental agencies. 4. 48, 71, 80, 81, 122, 154 82,85,88, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, Geopolitik-Hitler's Plan for Empire, 128 110, Ill, 112, 113, 115, 120-2 1, 122, George Crumb: Voice of the Whale, 289 123, 124, 125, 126-27, 130, 133, 138- Georgia O'Keefe, 256 39, 140, 141, 142, 146, 149, 153, 154, Gen, 305, 323 155, 156, 157, 158,162,163, 164,167- Germany, documentary in (1930-41), 102 78, 180, 182,211,217,218,228,231, Gertrude Stein: When This You See, Remem - 245,246,247,250-52,266,268,271- ber M e, 255 72,277,287,299,302-3,330 Getting Out the Coal, 126 Graef, Roger, 234, 307, 324 "Ghandi," 190-91 The Grain That Built a Hem;sphere, 139 "Ghosts of Rwanda," 299 Granada Television, 180, 234, 253,305,308 Gide, Alldn!, 26 Granton Trawler, 63 , 64, 65, 74 Gifford. Dau, 323 The Grapes of Wrath, 135 Gilbert, Craig. 222, 223 Grass, 24, 26, 57, 303, 304 Gilbert, Peter, 316, 317, 323 Gray, Lorraine, 253, 256 Gimme Shelter, 222, 240, 255, 290,291 ,316 Gray, Michael, 255 Giovannitti, Len, 194 Grayson, Heien, 141 , 147 GitIin, lrving. 185 Great Britain, documentary in, 4. See also Giuliani, Rudy, 336 English-language documentary Glaser, Gary, 262 America, Canada, and (1941-1945), Glass, Philip, 265 141-46 Global Air Routes. 125 American documentary v., 97-101 Glover, Guy, 122 background and underpinnings of Go Furtller, 304 (1929-1939),57-60 "Go Tell Aunt Rhody," 84 battle records and (1939-1945), 115-18, God Respects Us When We Work, But Loves 144 Us When We Dance, 310 developments in (1990-), 304- 9 Godard, Jean-Luc, 222 EMB and, 60-62 Godmilow, lill, 242, 256, 335 expansion and (1939-1945), 105- 19 Gods of Metal, 271 films of (1929- 1939), 63 -70 Gold, Daniel B., 312 Free Cinema and (1956- 1963), 196-207 Gold Diggers of 1933, 222 General Post Office (GPO), 62 The Gold Rush, 2 indoctrination and (1939- 1945),109- The Golden Bough (Frazer), 5 13, 142- 43 "GoJden Years" of television documentary institutionalization and ( 1929- 1939) (1951-1971),179-95 internationalism and ( 1945-1952 ), 158 Goldfarb, Lyo, 256 personnel, leadership and (1945-1952), Goldovskaya, Marina, 328 152, 154, 155 The Golern, 52 private sponsorship and, 62-63 Good Times, 274 social documentary and (1939- 1945), Goodlife Channel, 333 113- 15,144 Goodman, David, 271 social-realist features and (1958-1963), Gordon, Clive. 305 204--6 Goretta, Claude. 198,206 sponsorship and (1945- 1952), 155, 156 368 INDEX

system of (l929- 1939l. 60-63 Hamlet. 134, 224 television and (1951- 1971). 180 Hammer. Barbara, 285, 322, 335 wartime developments and, 106- 9 Hammid. Alexander, 93.14 1. 146,147, 165 The Great Road. 35. 42 Hampton, Henry, 273. 274. 292 The Great Wa r, 252 Haruisworth Songs, 275. 292 Greaves, William, 271, 272,273 Happy Mother's Day. 225 "Greece: The Golden Age:' 194 Harlan County. USA. 249. 256 Greene, Lom e, 12 3 Harrelson, Woody, 304 Grey. Brad. 336 "Harvest of Shame," 183, 191,194,338 Grey Gardens. 217. 256 The Harvest Shall Come. 118 The Grierson Award, 353- 55 Hawes. Stanley. 122. 123. 128 Grierson, John, xi, 3-4. 12, 16,25,38, 57- Hawks, Howard, 222 6 5 . 58.6~65.66 .6 7 . 69. 70. 77.80. Hayes, Isaac, 288 81.82.89.90.91. 95- 96. 97. 98. 100. Hazam, LOll, 194 101.102.107.109.113.121.122.125. HBO. 260- 61 . 274. 284. 285. 296. 335 126- 27. 130. 144. 146. 150. 153. 154. Headline News, 261 155.157.158.160.167.168.176.180. A Healthy Baby Girl. 312. 323 189. 196.197.200.201. 202-3. 206. Hear It NolV, 181 209.213.245-46. 299.300.305.310. Heart of Spain . 92 326. 329-30, 334. See also specific The Heart of Spain. 103 films of Heart of the Allgel. 306 contribution to documentary, 73- 74 Heart' and Mind,. 244. 245. 256. 316 Flaherty and. 70- 73 Hecht, Ben. 57 use of term «documentary" and, xi Hegedus. Chris. 313.314.323 Grierson Memorial Trust, 306 Heidi Fleiss: Hollywood Madame, 24 1 Grierson, Rub y, 68, 11 8 Heisler, 5tuart, 147 Griffith. David Wark. 41 Helfand. Judith. 310-12. 323 Griffith. Richard. 101. 132 Hellman, Lillian, 92 Groulx. Gilles. 211. 224 The Hellstrom Chronicle, 316 Grubin, David, 302 Hemingway, Ernest, 92, 93 Gruenberg, Louis, 86 Henderson, Rayrnond, 32 1 The Guardian, 307 Hendricks, John 5.) 261 Guernica, 161 Herald-Examiner, Chicago, 58 Guggenheim. Charles. 269. 270. 299. 323 Herbert, Charles, 88 Herbert Schiller Reads the New York Times, Hackenschmied, Alexander. See Hammid, 248 Alexa nder Here Is Germany, 132 Hackford. Taylor. 287 Herzog, Werner, 310 Haddock. Mabel. 273 Heston. Charlton. 320 Haesaerts, Paul, 161 Hewer. Tim. 308 Hail. Hai4 Rock and Roll. 287 Hewitt, Don, 189 Haley. Jack. Jr .• 187 Heyer, John, 164 Half Life: A Parable for the Nuclear Age. 268 Heyerdahl. Thor. 159 Half Past Autumn: The Life and Works of "High Crimes and Misdemeanors," 299 Cordon Parks, 274 High Noon. 84 Halford. Rob. 288 High on Crack Street: Lost Live in Lowell, Hall. Larry. 297 296 Halleck, Dee Dee, 247, 297 High Over the Borders. 125. 128 Halliwell, Geri. 306 High Plain. 139. 146 INDEX 369

High School, 189,233,255 Hubbard, Frances, 14. See also Flaherty, High School1I, 314 Prances The High Wall, 163 Huey Long, 79 Highlander School, 94 Human Remairls, 323 Hill, Brian, 306-7, 324 Humphrey, Hubert, 186,212,214,216 Hill Street Blues. 235 Humphrey Jennings: The Mat! Who Listened Hiroshima-Nagasaki, August 1945, 252. 255 to Britaitl, 308 Historical documentary (I970s), 252 Hunger, 78 Historical films (l980s), 265-70 "Hunger in America," 184 History and Memory of Takiko and Takas- Huntley, Chet, 191 hige,276 Al- Hurra, 333 The History Channel, 261, 303 Hurwitz, Leo, 78, 82, 92. 94, IQ3 History Lessons, 285 Huston, John, 135, 136, 141, 146, 147, 152, Hitchcock, Alfred, 105 153 Hitler, Adolph, 79, 93, 102, 109, 125, 133, Huston, WaIter, 134, 135 134,336,337 Hyatt, Donald, 184, 194, 195 Hitlerjllnge Quex, 134 Hymn of the Nations. 141, 146 Hoffman, Deborah, 312, 323 Hoffman, Dustin. 284 1. F. Stone's Weekly, 255 Hoffman, Jobn, 336 I Love Lucy, 181 Holdsworth, Angela, 306 I Spy, 274 Holland, Luke, 305 I Was a Slave Labourer. 305 Hollywood and the Stars, 265 The IDA Awards, 356 The Hollywood Reporter, 331 Ida B. Wells: A Passion for Justice, 273 Holmes, J. B., 109, Ill, 118 Identification of the Japanese Zero, 131 The Holocaust on Trial, 305 If YOll Love This Planet: Dr. Helell Caldicott HoIst, Gustav, 172 on Nuclear War. 266. 268, 291 Home from the Hill, 305 IFC,297 Hoop Dreams, 249, 316, 317, 318, 323 I'll Find a Way, 251 Hopkins, Lightnin', 310 I'll Make Me a World, 274 Hornbeck. William, 132 Images Medievales, 161 Hoeton, Miles. 94 imagine: John Leflnon. 316 TI,e Hoser Hosed (L'Arroseur arrose). 293 IMAX, 321, 337, 338 Hospiral, 189, 190 In Cold Blood (Capote), 4 Hot Does, 332, 343 In Heaven There is No Beer?, 310 Hot lee, 127 In Memoriam: New York 9/11101,335,336 In the Land of the Head-Hunrers (Jrl the "Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight," 84 Land of the War Canoes), 6, 7, 12 Hott, Larry, 301 In the Year of the Pig, 230, 255, 316 House and Garden. 261 In Which We Serve. 112 The House 1 Live In. 163 Incidellt at Ogallala, 309 n,e House 011 92nd Street, 87 In cident at Restigouche, 277 Houseman.lohn, 141, 147 Independerlt Lens. 249, 298 Housing Problems, 63, 68, 69, 75, 100, 101 Independent Television and Video Service Houston, Penelope, 197 (ITVS), 297-98 Hovde, EUen, 256 Independent Television Authority (ITA). How Green Was My Valley, 140 180 How the Myth Was Made, 245 Independent Television Commission Howard Hawks: An American Artist, 308 (ITC), 307-8

• 370 INDEX

Indoctrination, political Jarle, 216 America and (1941-1945),131- 35,144 Japan-Master of tIle Orient, 79 Canada and (1 939- 1945), 143- 44 Jarecki, Andrew, 324 Great Britain and (1939-1945),109- 13, Jaszi, Peter. 273 142- 43 Jean Taris, champion de natation, 47 Soviet Union and (1922- 1929), 27- 43 Jennings Bryan, William, 100 Industrial Britain, 63, 64, 73, 74, 89 Jennings, Humphrey, 61, 90, 106, 107, 109, L' lrzhumaine, 48 111,112,113,118,119,174,197,202. "The Innocent Years," 190, 194 See also specific films of Inside Daisy Clover, 197 /epson-Young, Peter, 284-85,286 Inside Fighting Russia. 125 Jersey, William, 225 Inside Nazi Germany, 79, 158 John Henrik Cla rke: A Great and Mighty Inspiratio ns (Me mid lsaae Newton), 309 Walk, 274 Institutionalization /ohnson, Lyndon, 248 Great Britain and (1929-1939), 57-76 Johnson, Martin, 20, 25 United States and (1930-1941), 77-104 Johnson, Osa, 25 International Documentary Association, Johoson, Tonl.266 , 26~292,299 332 The Johnstown Flood, 269 International Film Foundation. 163 Le 10li Mai (The Lovely May), 217, 228 International Motion Picture Division, of Journey into Medicine, 165 V.S. State Department, 157 Journey Together, 112 Internationalism (1945- 1952), 157- 58 loyce at 34, 242 Interviews with My Laj Veterans, 244, 255 Joyee, James, 45, 46. 47 Intimate Stranger, 263 lulia,274 Ireland, A Television History, 253 / ung, Carl, 6 "Ireland: The Tear and the Smile," 186. Jurgens, Victor, 165 194 lllst a Wedding, 251 The Iron Horse, 38 Justiceville, 262 Irving. David. 305 lrving, / udy, 268 Kael, Pauline, 291 Isaacs, Jeremy. 253. 256. 299, 323 Kar,ehsatake: 270 Years of Re5istarlce, 277 Issari, M. Ali. 217, 218 Kanin, Garson, 116,117,119.147,152 It Happened One Night, 132. 140 Karpathi, Geza, 92 It's Elementary; Talking About Gay Issues in Kartemquin Collective/Film s, 249, 250, School, 298 256,316 Ivens, ]oris, 46-47. 48, 53, 54, 55, 56, 87, Kauffman, Ross. 331 88, 92, 93, 103, 122, 128. See also spe Kaufman, Boris, 28, 122 cific films of Kaufman, Mikhail, 28, 29 Ives, Stephen, 301 Kazan, Elia, 28, 78,92,94,103 Keene. Ralph, 158, 164 The Jackal of Nahueltero. 222 Keep It Clean, 131 Jackson, Jesse, 288 Kemeny, John, 245 lackson, Pat, 75,106, 111,118,152 Kennedy, John F., 186, 212, 214, 216 /ackson,Stanley, 172, 174, 176, 177 Kennedy, Racy, 261 /acoby, lrving, 122, 125, 127, 128,157,164, "Kenya." 186 165 Kerensky, Alexander. 30, 36, 40 lagger, Mick, 172,290,291 Kerner, Ben, 165 faj ai Efe au Bal-I Went to the Dance, 310 Kernochan. Sarah. 255 lames, Steve, 249, 250,316,317,323 Kerr, Robert, 321 IN DEX 371

Keuhl, Jerome, 295 Larnpson, 11ary, 230 Khrushchev, Nikita, 203 The Land. 88-90. 89. 103 Kieffer. Doug. 23 1 La,td of Promise, 144 Kilberg. Richard. 30 I Land With out Bread, 47 Kim-Gibson, Dai Sil, 276 Lange, Dorothea, 4 A Kind of Loving. 204. 207 Lang1ey. [ohn. 333 King. Albert. 288 Lapping. Brian. 296. 323 King. Allan. 222. 225 Larson, Roy, 78 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 274 Las Madres: The Mothers of Plaza de Mayo, Kino. 78 279.280. 291 "Kino Nedalia" ("Film Weekly"), 28 L.sky. lesse L.. 15.315 KitlO-Eye, 34, 42 Lassally. WaIter. 198. 204-5 "Kino -Pravda," 30- 33, 32, 40, 42. 44, 52, Lasse, Fred, 162, 165 57. 69. 235 Lassie Come Home, 132 Kinoy. Peter, 271 The Last Laugh, 52 Kirsanoff, Dimitri, 55 The Last Pullman Car, 249 Kitchell. Mark. 322 The Last Waltz, 287 Klein. James, 256 The Late Matthew Pascal, 48 Klein. Kim. 252. 253 Latino Public Broadcas ting, 279 Kleinerman, Isaac, 181, 185, 193, 194 Launching of "H.M.S. Dreadnought" by Klemperer. Victor, 332 King Edward VIl, 7 Kline, Herbert. 92 , 93, 103 Law and Order. 189. 232. 233. 235. 255.333 Knight. Eric. 132 Lawrence. D. H .• 198. 200. 202 Kuow Your Ally-Britaiu, 132 Lawson, John Howard, 92 Know Your Eucmy-Japan, 132 Lazin. Lauren, 312 Koox. Robert. 66 Leacock. Phil. 162 Koenig. Wolf. I. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. Leacock. Richard (Rickyl. 149. 186. 194. 173. 174. 177.225.299 212.213.215-16.217-18.220. 222. Kon Tiki. 159. 315 225.263.313.315.334.343. See also Kopple. Barbara. 249. 256. 288. 320. 322. Drew Associates; specific films of 334 League of Nations, 79 Korda, Alexander. 106 Lean, David, 112 Korty. [ohn. 312 The Learning Channel, 261 , 297 Kroiter. Roman. 169. 171. 172. 173. 174. TI,e Leather Boys, 207 177.225.321 Lee, Spike, 323 Krumgold. [oseph. 97 Leenhardt. Roger, 161 Krupskaya, Nadezhda, 27 Leger,Fernand,46,48,53 Kubrick, Stanley, 172 Legg. Stuart. 61. 63. 70. 75. 122.123. 124. Kudelski. Stefan. 210. 217 127. 128. 153. 157. 167.228 Kuralt, Charles, 191 Leigh, WaIter, 66 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich , 5, 27, 30, 36 Labour Front. 125 Leno. [ay. 22 1 Lacombe, Georges, 56 Lerner, Irving, 78, 88, 96, 103, 140, 146, Ladies and Gentlemen. Mr. Leonard Co hen, 165 228 Lerner, Murray, 29 1 The Lady VatJ ishes, 105 LeRoy. Mervyn. 222 Lalee 's Kin: Th e Legacy a/Cotton, 314 Let Th ere Be Light. 136. 141 . 147 Lambart, Evelyn, 128 Let's Get Lost, 316 Lambert. Gavin. 197. 198.200.202 Letter from Camp Bordon, 127 372 INDEX

Letters From Vietnam, 243. 244 The Londoners, 95 Levine, Joseph, 216 The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner, Levitt. Helen, 148 205,207 Leyda, Jay, 37, 93 Lonely Boy, 169, 172, 173, 174, 177, 218- L'Herbier, Mareel, 48 19,225,287 Liberia: An Uncivil War, 313 Long, Huey, 301 Liberty Media, 261 Long Night's Journey into Day, 312 The Library of Congress, 141, 147 Look Back in Anger, 203, 204, 206 Licensed to Kill, 275. 323 Look to the North, 128 Lico, Gary, 333 Lorentz, Pare, 38, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85. 86, 90- Life, 77 91,92,95,98,101, 102, 103, 154, 209, The Life and Times of Rosie the Riveter, 253, 249,315. See also specific films of 254,256 Losey, Joseph, 101 Life irl Her Hands, 148 Losey, Mary, 101 "The Lifer and the Lady," 299 Louisiana Story, 17, 22, 149,151,164,165, Lighming Over Braddock: A Rustbowl Fml - 218 tasy, 292, 321 Lovers and Lollipops. 210 Ligh ts Out in Europe. 93, 103 Low, Colin, I, 167-68, 169, 170, 171, 177, Line to Tschierva Hut, 75 246,299 The Lion has Wings, 106 Lowe, David, 183, 191 "Lippmann on Leadership," 182 Lowry, Malcolm, 229 Lippmann. Waiter, 59 Lowthorpe, Philippa, 306 lipscomb, James, 225 Lucas, George. 295 Lipscomb. Mance, 310 Luce, Henry. 78 Lipseu, Arthur, 175. 177 Lumet, Sidney, 28 Listen to Britain, 111 , 112, 118, 127. 143, Lumiere, Louis, xi, xi, 6, 7, 45, 53, 208,293, 174,190 338 Listen to the Prairies. 128 Littin, Miguel. 222 Macartney-Filgate, Terence, 174-75, 177, Little Caesar, 127 186,212,225. See also Drew Associ The Little Foxes, 136 ates The Little Fugitive. 210 MacDonald, David. 107 Littlewood, Joan, 203 Macdonald. Jeanette, 121 Littman. Lynne, 344 Macdonald. Kevin. 308 Litvak, Anatole, 132, 134, 145, 146, 147, MacDonald, Ramsay, 102 152, 153 MacGiIlivray, Freeman Films, 321, 323 Lives of the Poets (Addison ). 70 MacGillivray, Greg, 322 "Living Below the Line," 299 Mackenzie. William, 12 Living Broke in Boom Times. 271 MacLaine. Shirley, 316 The Living City, 164 MacLeish, Archibald, 92 The Living Museum, 261 Maddow, Ben. 139, 146, 165 Livingston, Jennie, 285 Madison, Larry. 141, 147 Loader, Jane, 266, 291 Mailer, Norman, 4 Lock-up: The Prisoners of Riker's Island, Make Way for Youth, 165 296,323 Malcolm X, 316 Lods, Jean, 47 Malcolm X: Make It Plain, 274 Loeb, Janice, 148 Malinowski, Bronislaw, 5 London Can Take It, 107, 118, 193 Malins, Geoffrey, 9 London, Jack, 20 Malone, John, 261 INDEX 373

The Maltese Falcon, 135 McDowell, J. B.• 9 Mamber, Stephen, 216 McElwee, Ross, 262, 263, 292 Man of Aran, 17, 18, 22, 24, 73 McFerrin, Bobby, 284 Man Ray: Prophet of the Avant-Garde, 289 McLaren, Norman. 122, 167, 168 The Marl Who Skied Down Everest, 316 McLean, Ross, 122, 154-55 The Man with a Movie Camera, 30,31,34, McLuhan, Marshall, 190,221 42,56 McMullen, Jay, 184, 194 The Man With the Golden Arm, 222 McNamara, Robert J. , 244 11ann, Ron, 303,304 Mead, Margaret, 5, 18 Mannahatta, 46, 55 Mechanics of the Brain. 42 Mallsoll,316 The Mediterranean- Background for War, Maps in Action, 128 79 Marc and Ann, 310 Meerson, Lazare. 48 March Against Starvation, 77 "Meet Comrade Student," 187, 194 March, Fredric, 93 Meet John Doe. 140 The March of Time (Fielding), 143 Meisel, Edrnund, 52 "The March ofTime" (MOT), 4, 30, 31, Melies, Georges, 6, 45 37,77,78-80,79,92,93,100,101, Melody of the World, 55 103, 122, 123,138,139, 143,158, 181, Memorandum, 228 182,184,189,192,315 Memphis Belle, 136, 137, 147 Marcorelles, Louis, 224 Men in Danger, 7S Margaret Mead Film Festival, 312, 341 Men of Bronze. 256, 274 Mariposa Film Group, 256, 279,281,282 Men of the Lightship, 107 Marjoe, 255, 316 Menilmontant, 55 Mark, Mary Ellen, 317 Mental health (l945-1952), 162 Marker, Chris, 217, 228, 335 "Mental Mechanisms," 162, 167 Marner, Gene, 225 Mercanton, Victoria, 161 A Married Couple, 222, 225 Merchant Seamen, 112, 11 8 Married in America, 309 Meredith, Burgess, 78, 116 Marshall, john, 232, 309, 333 Merrill, Gary, 148 Martin Luther King-Days ofHope, 275 Metal1ica: Some Kind ofMonster, 287, 324 Marty,221 Metropolis. 52 Marx, Frederick, 249, 316, 317, 323 Meyer, Muftie, 256 Marx, Karl, 5 Meyerhold, Vsevolod, 39 Massiah, Louis, 274 Meyers, Sidney, 93,148,152,162, 165 Maya Lin: A Stong Clear Vision, 276 MGM,319 Mayer, Arthur, 149 Michelangelo, 161 Mayer, Carl, 51-52 Le Mile, 47 Maysles, Albert, 186, 194,212,213,214, Miles, Bernard, 116 217,222,225,240,255,256,260,290, Miles, William, 256, 274 313,314,323,343. See also Drew As Milestone, Lewis. 92 sociates Military Courtesy, 131 Maysles, David, 186, 213, 217, 222, 225, Miller, David, 157, 164 240, 255, 256, 290, 313. See also Drew MilIhouse: A White Comedy, 230 Associates Millions Like Us, 112 Mazetti, Lorenza, 198, 200. 206 Mills, Abbot, 225, 243 McBride, Jim, 235,236,255,263 Milosevic, Slobodan, 297, 305 McCall, Cheryl, 317 "The Miner's Lament," 190, 194 McCarthy, joseph, 156, 182, 229-30, 282 MlP-DOe, 331 374 INDEX

Miramax Film Corporation. 319 Nakasako, Spencer, 276 The Mission, 305 Nmta, Mom, and Me, 241, 242 Mitry. Jean, 47 Nanook of the North, 3-4, 13, 15-17, 23, Moan, Dan, 248 24,26,27,30,33,44,57,64,69,72, Maana, xi. 3-4, 5,15-18,16,21- 22,24.26, 179,219-20,295,315,338 33,59,64,66,72,315 Napier-Bell, j. B., 164, 165 Mock, Freida Lee, 276 Naples Is a Battlefield, 109 Model, 233-34, 256 Napoleon, 302 Mogulescu, Miles, 256 Nash. Terre, 268. 269, 291 Momma Don't Allow, 198, 199,201,202, The Not King Cole Show, 274 206 National Alliance of Media Art and Cul Mondrian. Piet, 46 ture (NAMAC), 250 MOrlterey Pop, 225, 316 National Black Programming Consortium Monument to the Dream, 269 (NBPC),273 Maore. Douglas, 87 National Education Television (NET). 181, Maore. Henry. 162 272 Moore, Michael, 189,292,318,319,320, National Endowment for the Arts (NEA). 321,324,333 248,249,287 More Titan a Life, 305 National Endowment for the Humanities, Morgan, Matt, 297 299- 300 Marin, Edgar, 213,215,217 National Film and Video Policy (of Can "Morley Safer's Vietnam," 195 ada),302-3 Morris, Erro], 264, 265, 292, 316,322,324 National Film Board of Canada (NFB), 1, Moscow Clad in Snow, 6 123, 124, 125, 126-27, 130, 140, 142, Motion Picture Bureau, 140 146,153,154,155,156,158,162,163, Moyers, Bill, 302 164,167-78,168,169,170, 171 , 173, Mr. Deeds Goes to Town, 132, 140 175,180, 211,218-19,228,231,245, Mr. Hoover and I, 231 246,247,250,251,266,268,271- 72, Mr. Mergler's Gift, 251 277,287,299,302-3,330. See also Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, 132 Studio D; Unit B MTV,333 founding of, 121-22 Mugge, Robert, 289-90 The National Film Registry, 351-52 Mumford, Lewis. 95 National Film School (of Britain}, 237, 240. MUflOZ,Susana, 279,280. 291 305 The Murder of Fred Hampton, 255 National Film Theatre, 198 Murdoch, Rupert, 319 National Geographic, 295 Murnau, F. W" 22 National Geographic Channel, 333 Murphy, Dudley, 46 National Recovery Administration, 81 Murrow. Edward R., 181 , 182, 183, 191, Native American Public Broadcasting Con- 193, 194, 269, 271, 296, 338 sortium. 277 Muscle Beach, 165 Native Lalld, 94, 103 Museum of Modern Art Film Library, 90 Nazi Conquest-No. 1. 79 Music in the Wind, 128 The Naz;s Strike, 133, 134, 146 A Musical Adventure in Siberia, 315 NBC, 181, 184-85, 194, 195,265,296 Music/perfoffilance (1980s), 287-91 Nebraska Educa tional Television. 279 Mussolini, Benito, 79 The Negro Soldier, 147 My African Farm, 305 Nehru, 216 My Generation, 288 Neighbours, 167 my life as a spy, 305 Nell,308 INDEX 375

Nevins, Sheila, 260-61, 335, 336, 337 Nude Descending a Staircase, 45 The New Americans, 249, 250 Number Our Days, 344 New Day Films, 252 Nykino, 78. 92 New Left Review, 203 The New Ruler of the World, 305 o Dream/and, 198.200, 201,202, 206.221 New York: A Documentary Film, 30t , 302 Oberon, Merle, 106 "New York in the Twenties," 194 Objective Burma, 11 6 The New York Times, 25, 297, 319 Obomsawin, Alanis, 276-77, 278 Newman, Sydney, 122 O'Brien, Frederick, 15 News Roundup, 126 October/Ten Days That Shook the World, 40 News/ron ts of War- 1940, 79 Odets, Clifford. 92 Newsreel Collective (19705), 244-45, 24 7, Oertel, Curt. 161, 165 271 Off to War, 297 Newsreel, in wartime London (1 91 7), 10 Office of War Information, 90 Next of Kin, 112 La Ofrend a: The Days of rhe Dead. 279 Niagara Falls, 301 "Ohio Town," 140 Nicaragua: Report from the Front, 271 Okazaki, Stephen, 276 Nice Time, 198,201 , 206 Olivier, Laurence. 253 Nichols, Bill, 334 Olympia. 55. 102 Nichols. Dudley, 93 "The Olympics." 190 Night and Fog, 228 On Any Sunday. 316 Night Mail, 62 , 69- 70, 75, 100, 101 , 102, On the Bowery, 210 109,160,209,221,306 On tire Pole. 186, 225 "Nightmare in Red," 184, 193 On the Ropes, 297 Nine from Little Rock, 269 One Day in September. 308 Nine Men, 112 One Generatioll More, 312 Ninth Symphony, 224 One God-Tile Ways We Worship Him, 165 Nitrate Kisses, 285, 322 One afOur Aircraft Is Missillg, 112 Nixon, Richard Milhous, 230 One Tenth of a Nation, 97 . .. No Lies, 236, 237, 255 One Year in a Life of Crime, 296 Nobody Listened, 316 Open City. 149 Nomads of the Jungle. 165 Oppenheimer,). Robert, 182. 312 Nonfiction, and Soviet documentary Organizations (l970s), 248- 50 (1922-1929), 28-38 "Orient Express," 195 Nongovernmental agencies, 48, 96, 107, Ornitz, Arthur, 87 154, 156, 157,164.174.180,182,185, O'Rourke, Dennis, 268, 335 186,202.234,244.247.248.249.251- Orwell, George. 202 52.253.273,275.300,320 Osborne, John, 203, 204 Nontheatrical films, in Canada (I939- The Other Half of the Sky: A China Memoir, 1945). 125-26 316 North Sea , 69. 75. 100, 109 Our Daily Bread, 38 North West Mounted Police, 121 Our House: A Very Real Documentary Not a Love Story, 291 AboJlt Kids of Gay alld Lesbian Fami Notes on Jungle Warfare, 131 lies. 298 Notes all the Port of St. Francis, 165 "Out of Darkness," 193 Noujaim, Jehane, 314, 323 Out of the Dol/'s House. 306 NOVA. 298 Out a/True, 148, 162 Novick, William, 16 1 Out: Stories of Lesbian and Gay Youth, 303 Now-The Peace, 125, 128 Overdepelldency, 162 376 INDEX

TI,e Overlanders, 152 Picture In Your Mind, 163 Owen, Don. 228 Pie in the Sky. 78 Pilger, John, 305 Paar, Jack, 221 Pimp Society, 305 Pacific 231,47 Pincus, Ed, 263 Pacific Northwest, 140-41 A Place Called Chiapas, 303, 323 PaisQn, 149 Place de I'Opera, 6 Palardy, Jean, 128 A Place to Live, 94. 103 TIle Pale Horseman. 157, 164 Planck, Max. 6 Palestine 15 Still the Issue, 305 The Planets, 172 The Panama Deception, 271, 322 "The Plots Against Hitler," 194 Paper Tiger Television, 247- 48 The Plow That Broke the Plaius, 38, 81-82, Paperny. David, 286 83,84,88,89,90,98, to], t02, 103, Paradise Lost: The Child Murders at Robin 133,209,315 Hood Hills, 261 Point of Order, 229, 230 Paragraph, 175, 260-61 Poirier, Leon, 26 Paramount Pictures, IS, 48, 315 Police, 234 Pare Lorentz and the Documentary Film Police Tapes, 235, 256, 333 (Snyder),90 Politics. See also Political indoctrination Paris 1900, 161 emphases (1970s), 242-52 "Paris in the Twenties," 186, 194 films (1 980s), 270-71 Paris Is Bunting. 285, 316 Pollard, Sam, 274, 323 Parker, Gudrun. See Bjerring, Gudrun Pontecorvo, Gillo, 38 Pathe, 6, 7, 13 Ponting, Herbert, 6 Patton, George S., 117 Pope, Alexander, 70 Paul, Doris A., 217, 218 "Popular Art, " 190 Paul Robesoll: Here J Stand!, 274 "The Population Explosion," 182, 194 Paul Tomkowicz: Street-railway Switch man, Pornography: the Musical, 307 168,169, 177 Portillo, Lourdes, 279, 280, 29 1 PBS, 181, 189,222,249,252,273,279,287, Portrait ofJason, 225 289,295, 297-98,299,301-2,312, A Portrait of Stravinsky, 225 314,315,316,333 Postwar documentary (1945- 1952), Peace of Britain, 101 ]48-66 Penicillin, 109 approaches and techniques of. 163-64 Pennebaker, D. A.. 186, 194,212,222,225, internationalism and. 157-58 287,313,314,323,338. See also Drew personnel. leadership and. 152 - 55 Associates sponsorship and, 155- 56 People in the City, 197 subjects of. 156-63 People of the Cumberland, 93- 94, 103 Pour la suite du mondelMoontrap, 217, 225 n,e People's Duchess, 306 P.O. V. (Point of View), 287, 298 Peoples of Canada, 128 Powell, Michael. 106 Peralta, Stacy, 324 Power and the Land, 87, 88, 100, 101 , 103 Perrault, Pierre, 217, 225 Pravda.30 Pershing's Crusaders, 9 Prelude to War. 133, 146 Petroleum Films Bureau. 164 Preminger, Otto, 222 Phenix. Luey. 279. 282 President McKinley's Inaugflral Address, 8 The Photographer, 162, 165 Presley, Elvis. 172 Picasso. Pablo. 45, 161 Priestly. lason, 287 The Pick, 306 Priestly. Thomas, 195 IND EX 377

Primary, 186, 2ll, 212, 213, 214, 216, 225 Rayrnond,Alan, 222,223,235, 255, 256, Th e Prisoner's Song (Mailer), 4 260, 333 Private sponsorship, and British documen- Raymond, Susan. 222, 223. 235, 255. 256. tary (1929-1939), 62-63 260,333 "The Profession of Arms," 266, 291 Read, John, 161- 62 Project XX, 184- 85, 190, 193, 194, 195,296 Reagan, Ronald. 131.248 Propaganda, 4. 5, 9, 27, 28, 30. See also Ag- Real Sex. 261 itprop; Indoctrination "The Real West," 184- 85, 194 "Protective Tariff vs. Free Trade," 190 Real World, 333 The Proud Years, 162 The Reality Channel, 333 Proust, MaTed, 45, 46 Reality, and documentary, 332- 34 Pryluck, Ca!, 334 Realms of the Unreal, 277 Pryor, Richard, 289 Reasoner. Harry. 189. 192 Pumnana. 310 Red Line 7000, 222 Public. See also PBS, lTVS Redgrave, Michael, 113, 252 access cable (1970s), 247-48 Reed, Carol, 105, 116, 117, 119 health (1945-1952),162-63 Reichert, Juiia, 252. 253. 256 television, American (1990-), 297-99 Reid, Frances, 312 Public Housing, 314 Reisman. Phil, Jr ., 184- 85 Public Opinion (Lippmann), 59 Reisz, Karel, 197, 198, 199,201,204,205, Pudovkin, V. I., 39, 41, 42 206 Pumping Iroll , 316 Remember the Family. 306 Pumping Iron If. 316 Remembrance of Things Past (Proust), 45 Pygmalion , 105 Renoir, Jean, 24, 147,209 Renov, Michael. 334 Queer cinema. See GaylIesbian culture Report from the Aleutiam, 135, 146 The Quiet Olle, 148-49, 149,152, 162, 165, Reportage, in Soviet documentary, 28-35 221 Reporting America at War, 30 1 Quinn, Gordon, 249,250,316,323 Resisting Enemy Interrogation, 131 Resnais, Alain, 161 ,228 Th e Race for Space, 187-88 Return to Life, 92, 103 Race relations (1945- 1952), 163 Revillon Freres, 13 Racial/ethnic minorities (1980s), 271- 79 Rhodes, Sunny, 310 Radio Bikini, 268 Rhythmus 21, 45, 47 Radio Television Fran~aise, 217 Rice, Elmer, 78 Rafferty, Kevin, 266. 291 Richardson, Judy, 274 Rafferty, Pierce, 266, 291 Richardson, Ralph, 106 The Raider, III Richardson, Tony, 197, 198, 199,203,204, Rairl, 47, 53, 54, S6 205,206,207 Raindance.247 Richter, Hans. 45- 46, 47 The Rains Came. 140 Richter, Robert, 271 Ralph Bunche: An American Odyssey, 273 Riefenstahl, Leni, 55. 102,241 The Ramparts We Watch. 93, 103 Rien que Ies heures (Only the Hou rs), 47, 48, Rape: Cries from the Heartland, 296 49,51,55,57,202 Les RaquetteurslThe Snowshoers. 21'1,213. Riggs, Marlon, 274, 285, 287, 292 224 Riis, Jacob, 4 Rathburn, Eldon, 168, 172 Riskin, Robert, 140 Rather. Dan. 191 The River, 38, 83-86, 85, 86, 88, 90, 98, 100, Ray, William, 222, 225 101,103,133,160,191,315

- 378 INDEX

RiZZQ, Frank 1., 289 Ruttmann, Walther, 47, 49, 50, 5 1- 53, RKO, 87, 163 54- 55 Road to Life, 125 Ryden, Hope, 186, 194. See also Drew As~ Robards, Jason, 266 sociates Robert Kennedy Remembered, 269 r Robeson. Paul, 94 Sachs, Eddie, 186 Rockefeller, Nelson, 138 Sad Song of Yellow Skin, 231, 255 Rockefeller, Terry. 274 Safer, Morley, 189, 192, 195 Rodakiewicz. Henwar, 95, 97, 141, 147 Salesman, 225 Roffman, Julian, 96, 103, 122, 128, 165 Salomon, Henry, Jr .. 181 , 193 Roger & Me, 292, 316, 318, 319, 320, 321 A Salute to France. 147 Rogosin. Lionel, 210 Salvage with a Smile, 109 Rolling Stones, 222, 290 San Demetrio London, 112 Romance of the Railway, 9 San Francisco Newsreel. 244 Th e Romance ojTramportatiorJ in Canada, Sa ndburg, Carl, 57 167-68 Sanjines, Jorge, 222 "Romeo and fuliet in Sarajevo," 299 Sapadin, Larry. 297 Room at the Top, 203-4, 205, 206 Sarandon. Susan, 271 Roosevelt, Bleanor, 87 Satellite/cable technology (1980s), 260-62 Roosevelt, Franklin, 80, 86, 87, 90, 102, Satie, Erik, 46 130,133, 138, 154,165,336 Saturday Night, 307 The Roosevelt Story. 165 Saturday Night Ql1d Sunday Morning, 204, Roots, 188,274 205,206 Rose Marie, 121 The Savi"g of Bill Blewitt, 69, 75, 109 Rosenberg. Robert. 279 Sawyer, Diane, 189, 192 Rosenberg. Sam, 195 Scabies. 109 Rosenblatt, Jay, 323, 335 Scagliotti, John, 279, 282 Rossellini, Roberto, 209 Schiller, Greta. 279 Rostock, Susanne, 310 Schlesinger, John, 204, 205, 207 Rotha, Paul, 1, 4-6,23,33,46,61,63,74, Schmiechen, Richard, 282, 283, 284, 291 100-101,113,114,118,144,158,165, Schoedsack, Ernest B. , 24-25, 26 180 Schoendorffer, Pierre, 225, 244 Rothschild, Amalie R., 95, 241, 242, 252 Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 316 Rouch, Jean, 208, 212,213, 215, 216-18 Scorsese, Martin, 287 ROlmd Trip: U.S. in World Trade, 157 Scott-Heron, Gil, 289 Rouquier, Georges, 197 Scottish Television, 180 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 23 Seabiscut, 301 Royal Air Force Film Production Unit, 115 The Search, 193 Rubbo, Michael, 177, 228, 231, 232, 255, Secondari, John, 186, 195 256 "The Secret Files of J. Edgar Hoover," 298 Ruby, Jay, 334 The Secret Life ofP/ants, 316 Rushes, 237, 238 TI,e Secret Life of the Brain, 302 Ruspoli, Mario, 217 SeeIt Now, 181- 82, 184, 185, 189, 190, 191, Russia. See Soviet Union 193 TIle Russia of Nicholas 11 and Lea Tolstoy, Seeds of Destiny, 157, 164 35,42 Seei"g Red, 316 The Russians Nobody Knows, 158 "Segregation in Schools," 182, 193 A Rustling of Leaves, 303 Seldes, Gilbert, 182 INDEX 379

"The Selling of the Pentagon," 184, 191, Sinofsky, Bruce, 26 1, 287, 322, 324 195 Six o'Clock News, 263 Seltzer, Leo, 165 Sixteen Days a/Glory, 316 Selver, Veronica, 279, 282 "Sixteen in Webster Groves," 191, 195 Senorita Extraviada, Missing Young A Sixth of the World, 34, 42 Woman, 279 Six- Thirty Collection, 62 Sentimental Women Need Not Apply: A His- 60 Minutes, 34, 181 , 189, 190, 192,296 tory of th e American Nurse, 301 Sky Above, Mud Below, 315-16 Sequence, 197 Tlt e Slide Area, 197 Seven Songs for Malcolm X. 275 Smallwood, Joey, 23 1, 232 Sever! Up , 308-9 Smith, Herb E., 249 Sewing Woman , 275 Smith, Howard, 255 Sex Hygiene, 131 Smith, Judy, 244 Shadows, 210 The Smoke Menace, 68 Shaffer, Beverly, 251, 292 The Snakepi', 153 Shaffer, Deborah, 253, 256, 271 Snark,20 Shahn, Ben, 4 Snipes, Wesley, 274 Shakers: Hands to Work. Hearts to God, 301 Snyder, Robert, 90 "Shakespeare: Soul of an Age," 194 "So That Men Are Free," 186, 194 Shakespeare, William, 133, 134, 224 Social documentary, xi Shannon, Katltleen, 250-51 America and (1941- 1945), 138-41, 146 Shark Week, 262 Canada and (1939- 1945),144,146 Sheeler, Charles, 46, 55 Great Britain and (1939- 1945),113-15, Shell Film Unit, 63, 107, 164 144 Sherman 's March: A Meditation 011 the Pos Social emphases (1970s), 242-52 sibility of Romantic Love in the South Social-realist features, in Great Britain During an Era of Nuclear Weaporzs (1958-1963),204-6 Proliferation, 263, 292 Soffer, Simon, 313 Sherr Klein, Bonnie, 29 1 Soldier Girls, 237-38, 240, 256 Shipyard, 74 Something to Do With tlte Wall, 263 Shoah,316 Song of Ceylon, 62, 63, 65, 66, 70, 75, 209 The Shovel and the Open Road, 306 Soviet Union, documentary in Showman, 213, 216 beginnings of (1922-1929), 27-43 Shub, Esfir, 33, 35, 36-37, 41 , 42, 78, liS, compilation and. 35-37 241,252 epic and, 37-38 Shuker, Gregory, 186, 194, 222, 225, 243. fiction and, 38-42 See also Drew Associates nonfiction and, 28-38 Sight and Sound, 197, 200 reportage and, 28-35 Silber, Glenn, 244, 246, 271 The Space Between Words, 234 Silence Broken: Korecm Comfort Women, Spadola, Meema, 298 276 The Spanish Earth, 92- 93, 103, 193 The Silent Village, 118 Spare Time, 109 Sillitoe, Alan, 204, 205 Sparling, Gordon, 128 Silver Lake Life: TI,e View from Here, 284, Special Inquiry, 180 285 Spencer, Georgia, 306 SUnpson, $uzanne, 266 Spencer, Michael, 122 Sinatra, Frank, 163, 172, 191 Spewack, Samuel, 146 Sing Faster: The Stagehands Ring Cycle, 312, Spheeris, Penelope. 287 313 Spice, Evelyn, 122 380 INDEX

Spinello, Barry, 236-37, 238 Strangers mId Kin, 249. 274 Sponsorship Strategy of Metals, 128 America v. Great Britain (1930-1941), Streetwise, 316, 317 98-99 Strick, joseph, 165, 244, 255 postwar era and (1945-1952), 155-56 Stride, Soviet!. 34, 42 Spottiswoode, Raymond, 122. 127, 157 Strike, 40 Spotton, John, 228 Strikebreaking, 79 Sprollt Wings and Fly. 310 "The Struggle to Live," 84 Spurlock, Morgan, 324, 328, 329 Struggles in Steel: A Story of African Ameri- Squadroll 992, 108, 109 can Steel Workers, 321 Squires, Buddy, 301 Stuart, Mel, 187, 288,289 Sragow, Michael, 291 Studio D, 250-52, 268 Stack, Jonathan, 312-13, 323 Stupid Mlite Men, 319 Stagecoach, 135 Sucksdorff, Arne, 47- 48, 197 Stairway to Heaven, 264 Suez, 140 Stalin, Joseph, 35, 79, 98, 185, 194, 203, 336 Suffragene Riots in Trafalgar Square, 7 "Stand Up! Stand Up!," 200 Sullivan, Ed, 180 Stantoo. Frank, 191 Sun Ra: A Ioyful Noise, 289 Stapp, Philip, 163 Sundance, 297,316,318,341-43 Star Wars, 295 Sunny Side of the Doe, 331 Startup.com, 314, 323 Super Size Me, 324, 328, 329 State Institute of Cinematography (VGIK). Survivor, 333 27 SwaUow, Norman, 180 The Statue of Liberty, 299, 300 "Sweden," 186 Stauffacher, Frank, 165 Sworn to the Drum, 310 Stax Records, 288 Tabu,22,84 Steel Town, 147 Tajima, Rene, 275, 292 Steichen. Edward, 138. 146 Tajiri, Rea, 276 Steiner, Ralph, 47, 77, 78, 82, 91, 92, 94, 95, Talking Heads, 287 96, 103 Tallents, Stephen, 59, 62, 121 StekkJer, Paul, 274 Tanner, Alain, 198,206 Steps of Age, 165 Target for Tonight, 87, 110, Ill, 118, 136, Stevens, George. 135 160 Stevens, George, 269 Jr.. Tarrantino, Quentin, 319 Still Going Places, 162 Tartuffe, 52 Sting, 287 A Taste of Honey, 204, 207 Stirl ing, Geoff, 231, 232 Taylor, Donald, 114 Stone. Robert, 268 Taylor, John, 68 Stoney, George, 150, 162, 165,245,247, Taylor, Robert, 138 310,334 TBS (Turner Broadcasting System), 261 Stop Making Sense, 287 Technology Storck. Henri, 161 business and (1990-), 294- 97 Storey, David, 204, 205 direct cinema/cinema verite and (1960- "Storm Over the Supreme Court," 190 1970),210-15 11 .. Story of G. I. Ioe, 123 promises of, 327-28 "The Story of Will Rogers," 190 Television, documentary for (1951- 1971), Storyville, 304, 306 179-95 Strain, Tracy, 274 series and, 181 - 89 Strand, Paul, 46, 55, 82, 92, 94, 103 special characteristics of, ] 89-93 INDEX 381

Tender Fictions, 285 Tojo, Hideki, 79 Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), 83-84, Toland, Gregg, 135 85 Torlgues Untied. 287. 292 Tenth U.S. Infantry Disembarking, 7 Tonight. 221 Tepper, Stephanie. 298 TOIIY Blair, 305- 6 Texaco Star Theatre, 180 Toscanioi. Arturo, 141 Thames Television, 180,253 Touching the Void, 308 "That War in Korea." 195 La TOil ' (The Eiffel Tower) , 56 Thatcher, Molly Day, 78 Tout va bien, 222 Theatre Workshop. 203 The Town, 140, 147 Theatrical exhibition (1990- ), 315-22 Training films, in America (1941- 1945). Theatrical series. in Canada (1939-1945), 131 122- 25 Transfer of Power, 75 They Also Serve, 118 Travel Channel. 295 The Thin Blue Line, 264, 265. 292. 316 The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, 153 Things to Come. 106 Trees for Tomorrow, 126 Third World Newsreel. See Newsreel Col- Trent, Barbara, 271, 322 lective "Trial at Nuremberg," 186 This Above All, 132 A Trip to the Moon, 45 This Is Blitz, 123 Triumph of the Will, 90, 102, 134 This is Cinerama. 316 Tropic of Cancer, 244 TI,is is Elvis, 316 The Tnte Glory, 116, 117, 118, 119, \31 , 144 This Sporting Life, 204, 205, 207 Tsuno, Keiko, 248 This Wonderful World, 180 Tuberculosis in America: The People's 13th Platoon, 128 Plague, 301 Thomas, Dylan, 114, 205 Tuesday in November, 141, 147 Thompson, Hunter, 4 Tugwell, Rexford Guy, 80-81, 83 Thornson, Virgil, 82, 84, 90,92,141 Tunisian Victory. 11 6, 118 TI,e Thorn Birds, 188 Tupac Shakur: Resurrection, 312 Three Salons at Seaside, 306 Turin, Victor, 37-38, 41. 42 Threepenny Opera, 96 Turksib, 37-38, 41, 42, 52, 57 Tlwnderbolt, 137, 138, 147 "Turn of the Century," 190 Thursday's Children, 198 Turner. Ted. 26 1 Time, 77, 78, 79, 125 TVOntario (TVO), 303 A Time for Bach, 165 The Twentieth Century, 18 5-86, 186, 190- A Time for Burning, 225 9l, 194 A Time for Justice, 269 Twentieth Century-Fox, 138, 319 Time, Inc., 78. 186 28 Up, 29 1 Time Indefinite, 263 Twist, 303 The Times of Harvey Milk, 282, 283, 284, "The Twisted Cross," 184, 193 291,316 Two Men and a War, 3 14, 315 Tiomkin, Dmitri, 134 2001: A Space Odyssey, 172 TI,e Titan-5tory of Michelangelo, 161,165 Typage, 41 The Titicut Follies, 232, 233 To a Safer Place, 292 "The U-2 Affair," 185 . 194 To Fly, 338 U2: Rattle and Hum, 316 To the Shores of Iwo lima, 137-38, 147 Ulysses (joyee), 45, 46, 47, 244 Toast of the Town, 180 UMWA 1970: A House Divided, 248-49 Together, 198,200,206 The Undefeated, 162-63, 165 J 382 INDEX

Under the Volcano (Lowry), 229 Vicrory atSea, 37, 181, 184, 193.252,253 Unemployment, 79 Video. English-language documentary and The Unforgiving, 305 arrival of (1980,),258-92 Union Maids, 253, 256 Video Free America, 247 Unit B. of Canada', NFB, (1948-1964), Videofreex, 247 167-78,170,171,173,175 Videopolis. 247 United Action. 94 Vidor, King, 38, 82 United Artists, 123 Vietnam, 242- 44 United Nations Film Board. 157 Vignier, A.. 215 United States. See America Vigo, Jean, 28. 47,122, 197 United States Film Service, 86, 89, 90, 91, Viljoen, Tina, 266, 291 92 "Vincent Van Gogh: A Self·Portrait," 194 Universe, 169. 171, 172, 177,246 711e Violin, 45 Universities and Left Review. See New Left Virtual History: The Secret Plot to Kill Hit- Review ler.336 TIle Untold West: The Black West, 274 ((Voice of Time," 80 "Up Series," 308, 309 Voices From a Steeltown, 321 TIle Uprising 0['34,310 Volcano: An Inq uiry into the Life alld Death Urban, Charles, 9 of Malco/m Lowry, 229 U .5. Film Service, 154 von Sternberg, 10se£, 140, 147 Vorkapich, Slavko, 78 Valley afthe Tennessee, 147 Voyage au Congo (Voyage to tlte Congo), 26 Valley Town , 96, 103, 154 van Dongen, Helen, 87, 88. 92, 93 Waco: The Rules of Engagement, 323 Van Dyke, Willard, 47, 84,91,92,95,96, Wadleigh, Michael, 235. 255, 287, 288, 344 103, 139, 140. 146, 147, 154, 162, 165, Wagner, 312 186, 194, 342 Waiting for Fidel, 231, 232,256 Van Gogh, 161 "Walk in My Shoes," 186, 187. 194 Van Tay tor, David.288 WaU,ce, Mike. 189, 190, 192 Van Voorhis. Westbrook. 80, 123 Walsh, Raoul, 116 "A Vanishing Breed: Portrait of a Country Wall on, William , III Editor," 190, 195 War, 266. 291 Variety,52, 186 The War at Hom e, 244, 246 "The Vatican," 195 War Comes to America, 133, 147 Vecchione. Judith, 273 The War for Mm's Minds, 125, 128 Vedres, Nicole. 161 The War Game, 39 Veiller. Anthony, 132, 134, 146 n,e War Room, 313, 314, 323 Verdi, Giuseppe, 141 Warclouds in the Pacific, 122, 128 Vemon, Florida , 264, 265 Warner Brothers, 188.245,287,288.316, Verra U. Robert, 168 319 Vertov, Dziga, 16,28-35,29,31,32, 41, 44. Warretldale. 225 47,52,216,227,235,271. See also spe Wasserman. Albert, 193,194 cific films of Water-Friend or Enemy, 139 "The Basis of 'Film Eye' [Kino Glazj," Waters, Alice. 310 33-34 Warers o/Time, 165 "Kino Nedalia" ("Film Weekly"), 28 Watkins, Peter, 39 Kino-Eye, 34, 42 Watt, Harry, 61, 69, 75, 86- 87, 102, 106, Very Nice, Very Nice, 175, 177 107. 108. 109, 110. Ill, J 12, 118. 136, Victorian House, 333 142,152 INDEX 383

Watts tax, 288. 289 White Shadows itl the SOl/th Seas (O'Brien), The Wave. 103 15 Waverly Steps. 48. 165 Whitman, WaIt, 90 The Way Ahead, 11 2 Who Are the DeBolts? And Where Did They The Way to the Stars. ll2 Get Nineteen Kids?, 312 We Are the Lambeth Boys. 198.201. 202 . Who Killed Vincerlt Chin?, 275- 76, 292 203,204,206 "Why We Fight," 37,131-35,144,145, We Dive at Dawn. 11 2 146, 147,153,156,184, 186,191, 192, We Live in Two Worlds, 75 209,338 Weath er Forecast, U2 Wild Cargo, 25 Weath er Underground, 230- 31 Wild, Nettie, 303, 323 The Weavers: Wam 't That a Time!. 316 The Wildest Show ill th e Sou th: The Angola Webster, Nichol.s, 186-87, 187, 194 Prison Rodeo, 313 Weddings a'rld Babies. 210 WiIliam McKinley at Home, 7 Weill, Cl.udia, 242 Williams, Vaughan, 111 Weill, Kurt, 96 The Window Clearler, 141, 147 Weisenborn, Gordon, 162 Winfrey, Oprah, 333 Weiss, Mark, 297 Wings, 295 Weissman, Aeriyn, 303, 322 Winston, Brian, 334 Welch, Joseph, 230 Winter, 78 Welfare, 219 Wiseman, Frederick, 189, 190,219, 221, A Well Spell t Life, 3 ID 228,232, 233,234,235, 238, 255,256, Welles. Orson, 1 313,314- 15,323,333 With Babies and Banners, 253, 256 Wellman, William, 123 With Scot! in the Antarctic, 6 Wells, H. G., 106 With the Marines at Tarawa, 147 Wenders, Wim, 287 Witness to War: Dr. Charlie Clemems, 271 Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe, 310 WNET Channel 13, 189 Wesker, Arnold, 203 The Wobblies, 253, 256 The West, 30 I Wolfe, Tom, 4 West Wind, 128 Wolper, David 1., 187, 188, 189, 261, 265, Western Approaches, Ill, 118 288,289,296 The Western Front, 9 The Woman's Film, 244 "The Western Hero," 186 Women Make Movies, 251-52 Westin, Av, 194 Women's Studio, 268 Weston, Edward, 84, 162 Won Through Merit, 7, 9 Westol1, WiIliam, 194 The Wonderful World of Louis Armstrong. WETA,299 275 Wexler, Haskell , 230, 244 Wonders of the Congo, 25 WGBH, 298 , 330 Woodard, Stacy, 84 \¥hat Is Cinema Write?,217 The Wooden Ho rse. 152 What You Take for Granted, 236 Woodhead, Leslie, 305, 332 What's My Lille?, 221 Woodstock, 255, 287-88, 290, 316, 344 yVhen Asia Speaks, 125, 128 Word Is Out: So me Stories of Our Lives, 256, When th e Mountains Tremble, 271 279, 281, 282 When We Build Agai1l, 114-15 Workers arId Jobs, 75 When We Were Kings, 323 Workers' Film and Photo League. See Film White Corridors, 152 and Photo League White Paper, 185,194,195,296 Workers Leaving the Factory, xi, 6, 45. 293

I 384 INDEX

"Workers' Newsreels," 77 "Yanki No!." 186. 194 World,298 Yates, Pamela, 27 1 The World at War, 146, 180, 253, 256 "Yes, Jesus Loves Me," 84 World Film News. 62 YOIl Are on Indian Land, 246- 47, 247 World in Action, 180, 305 You Bet Your Life. 221 "The World in Action" (WlA), 12 3, 124, Young Mr. Lincoln, 135 125, 128, 158, 167,228 Yu, Jessica , 261, 276, 277 The World 1s Not Enough, 308 Yugoslavia: Death of a Natiotl, 296-97, 323 The World 1s Rich, 158, 165 Yum, Yum, Yum!, 310 The World afPaul De!vaux, 161 World o[Plenty, 113, 114, 118, 144, 158 The World o[Tomorrow, 267, 292 Zegart. Arthur. 185. 194 World Without End, 158 Zero Hour- The Story of the 1nvasion, 122 , Worlds Apart, 333 123. 128 World's Fair of 1939, New York, 63, 91, 95, Zickafoose, Ben, 248 266,267,267 Zimmerman, Debra. 252 Wright. Basil. 61. 65. 66. 69. 75. 102. 107. Zimmerman. Patricia, 334 109. 158, 160- 61. 165 Zinnemann. Fred, 48, 103, 165 W uoronos, Aileen, 306 Zive1i!: Medicine for the Heart, 310 Wuthering Heights, 136 Zochling, Leo, 82 Wyler. William, 135. 136, 137, 138. 147, 152. 153 La Zone, 56 Zwerin, Charlotte. 222. 225. 255. 290 "X-Pilot." 186 Zwigoff. Terry. 323