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Closing the Loop in Wastewater Management and Sanitation Division 44 Environmental Management, Water, Energy, Transport Sector project ecosan ecosan - closing the loop in wastewater management and sanitation Proceedings of the International Symposium, 30-31 October 2000, Bonn, Germany gtz Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Division 44 Environmental Management, Water, Energy, Transport Sector project ecosan – ecologically and economically sustainable wastewater management and sanitation systems ecosan – closing the loop in wastewater management and sanitation Proceedings of the International Symposium, 30-31 October 2000, Bonn, Germany Edited by: Christine Werner, Jana Schlick, Gernot Witte, Anke Hildebrandt Eschborn 2001 Published by: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Postfach 5180, 65726 Eschborn Internet: http://www.gtz.de Division 44 – Environmental Management, Water, Energy, Transport Sector Project ecosan Responsible: Christine Werner Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH Postfach 5180, 65726 Eschborn, Germany Tel.: ++49-6196-79-0 e-mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.gtz.de/ecosan Edited by: Christine Werner, Jana Schlick, Gernot Witte, Anke Hildebrandt Print: UnIversum Verlagsanstalt, 65175 Wiesbaden 04/2001 ecological sanitation – symposium, October 2000 gtz Table of Contents page Programme of the International Symposium on Ecological Sanitation „ecosan – closing the loop in waste water management and sanitation” 1 1 Keynote addresses: Sustainable water management – a global challenge for the 21st century Statements Dr. Uschi Eid (Parliamentary State Secretary, BMZ, Germany) 7 Anil Agarwal (Director CSE, India) 11 Wolfgang Kroh (Senior Vice President KfW, Germany) 17 Dr. Christoph Beier (Director Planning and Development Department GTZ, Germany) 20 Minutes of discussion 23 2 Plenary Session – What are the existing approaches and visions? Lectures ecosan – a holistic approach to material – flow – management in sanitation Christine Werner (GTZ, Germany) 25 Towards a recycling society Ecological sanitation – closing the loop to food security Dr. Steven Esrey (Unicef, USA) 30 Slum Networking – Using slums to save cities Himanshu Parikh (Consultant, India) 41 Sanitation and sustainable water management in Germany Dr. Robert Holländer (BMU, Germany) 43 The bellagio principles and a household centered approach in environmental sanitation Roland Schertenleib (EAWAG, Switzerland) 48 Development of ecosan-systems Uno Winblad (Consultant, Sweden) 54 Planned funding activities on concepts and technologies of alternative, decentralized water supply and sanitation Dr. Andrea Detmer (BMBF, Germany) 59 New developments of ecosan in Germany and Europe Prof. Dr. Ralf Otterpohl (TUHH, Germany) 64 Hygienic safety and water-reuse-potential increased by means of bio- membrane-technology Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Dorau (UBA, Germany) 76 i Table of Contents ecosan gtz ecological sanitation – symposium, October 2000 AKWA 2100, scenarios for alternative urban water infrastructure systems Dr. Harald Hiessl (Fraunhofer Institut, Germany) 85 Minutes of discussion 90 3 Parallel Sessions Parallel Session 1: Options and limitations for the application of recyclables; agricultural needs, hygienic and economic aspects Lectures Production of fertilizer water from waste water Prof. Dr. Peter Kunz (University of applied Sciences of Mannheim, Germany) 96 Participatory hygiene and sanitation promotion in ecological sanitation in Zimbabwe Cleophas Musara (Mvuramanzi Trust, Zimbabwe) 99 Urban farming and ecosanitation: Nigerian Experience Prof. M.K.C. Sridhar (University of Ibadan, Nigeria) 102 Possibilities and limits of wastewater-fed aquacultures Dr. Ranka Junge Berberovic (University of Wädenswil, Switzerland) 106 Presentation of the results 116 Minutes of discussion 117 List of participants 119 Parallel Session 2: Rethinking Sanitation - Bellagio-Principles and Household centered env ironmental sanitation approach (HCES) Lectures Appropriate sanitation technologies for Botswana Tony Richards (GTZ, Botswana) 121 The practise and potential of ecological sanitation in India and the sub-continent based on current research and demonstration of compost toilets in India Paul Calvert (Consultant, India) 129 Implementing the bellagio principles and the HCES approach: a framework for action John Kalbermatten (Consultant, USA) 129 Presented Results 144 Minutes of discussion 146 List of participants 149 ecosan Table of Contents ii ecological sanitation – symposium, October 2000 gtz Parallel Session 3: Implementation of holistic sanitation strategies within socio-cultural, political and urban planning frameworks Lectures Ecological sanitation - case study Adulala-Oromiya/Ethiopia Prof. Dr. Gerd Förch (GTZ / Rodeco, Ethiopia) 151 Public awareness and mobilisation for ecosanitation Madeleen Wegelin-Schuringa (IRC, Netherlands) 154 Potentials of alternative water systems from the economical point of view Prof. Dr. Dr. Karl-Ulrich Rudolph (Consultant, Germany) 164 Presentation of the Results 173 Minutes of discussion 174 List of participants 177 Parallel Session 4: Practical experiences with alternative sanitation strategies, best practises/ typical problems and questions Lectures Dry sanitation in Palestine, a pilot project in the Hebron District 2000-2001 Gert de Bruijne (Palestinian Hydrology Group, Palestine) 179 Ecological sanitation and wastewater management systems in North America and the Pacific Islands David del Porto (Consultant, USA) 186 Experiences with ecosan projects in Germany and Austria Dr. Martin Oldenburg (Consultant, Germany) 191 Reducing wastewater problems in low-income semi-urban communities in Kathmandu valley Eveline Bolt (IRC, Netherlands) 198 Presented Results 208 Minutes of discussion 209 List of participants 211 Parallel Session 5: Potential and limitations of the „scenario technique“ as a contribution to sustainable urban planning Lectures A national PhD programme for developing future sanitation systems in Sweden Dr. Jan-Olof Drangert (Linköpping University, Sweden) 214 Urban and rural sanitation concept with nutrient recycling and energy gain Dr. Katharina Backes (Consultant, Germany) 217 Wastewater irrigation in the State of Victoria, Australia Dr. Percival Thomas (La Trobe University, Australia) 224 iii Table of Contents ecosan gtz ecological sanitation – symposium, October 2000 Auroville 2001 – a town dependent on its rain- and wastewater Harald Kraft (Consultant, Germany) 230 Presentation of the Results 241 Minutes of discussion 242 List of participants 245 4 Annex Additional papers not presented at the conference Health implications of reusing dehydrated faecal matter Aussie Austin (CSIR, South Africa) 248 ECOSAN – the recycling sanitation system Gunder Edström and Almaz Terrefe (Sudea, Ethiopia) 251 Valuable use of urine, faeces, household waste and some greywater Gunder Edström and Almaz Terrefe (Sudea, Ethiopia) 254 Ecosan as one element of advance towards an ecological urban planning Hans-Joachim Hermann (GTZ, Germany) 258 Faecal contamination of a fish culture farm where hospital wastewater grown duckweeds are used as fish feed Dr. Sirajul Islam (ICDDR, Bangladesh) 262 Potential of reed beds (constructed wetlands) for sustainable wastewater treatment in residences and industry Dr. Margarita Winter (Base Tech, Germany) 272 Sustainable wastewater treatment with soil filters Brigitta Züst (Center for Applied Ecology, Switzerland) 280 List of participants 285 ecosan Table of Contents iv ecological sanitation – symposium, October 2000 gtz PROGRAMME International Symposium Ecological Sanitation ecosan - closing the loop in wastewater 30./31.10.2000 Bonn, Germany management and sanitation 29.10.2000 18.00 - 20.00 Registration of participants 30.10.2000 Moderation: Dirk Jung 8.30 Registration of participants (continuation) 9.30 Stefan Helming (Head of Division Water, GTZ, Germany) Opening remarks 9.35 Keynote addresses Sustainable water management - a global Dr. Uschi Eid (Parliamentary State Secretary challenge for the 21st century! BMZ, Germany) Anil Agarwal (Director CSE, India) Wolfgang Kroh (Senior Vice President KfW, Germany) Dr. Christoph Beier (Director Planning and Development Department GTZ, Germany) Introductory statements and panel discussion 11.00 COFFEE BREAK What are the existing approaches & visions? 11.30 Christine Werner (GTZ, Germany) ecosan - a holistic approach to material-flow-management in sanitation 11.50 Dr. Steven Esrey (Unicef, USA) Closing the loop: Links between ecosan, agriculture and food security and presentation of parallel session 1 1 Programme ecosan gtz ecological sanitation – symposium, October 2000 12.25 Himanshu Parikh (Consultant, India) Slum Networking - Sustainable sanitation strategies to reach the urban poor 13.00 LUNCH 14.30 Dr. Robert Holländer (BMU, Germany) Sanitation and sustainable water management in Germany 14.45 Roland Schertenleib (EAWAG, Switzerland) Household centered environmental sanitation approach (HCES) and presentation of parallel session 2 15.20 Uno Winblad (Consultant, Sweden) Development of ecosan-systems, municipal planning aspects and presentation of parallel session 3 15.55 Dr. Andrea Detmer (BMBF, Germany) New funding activities on alternative technologies 16.10 COFFEE BREAK 16.45 Prof. Dr. Ralf Otterpohl (TUHH, Germany) New ecosan developments in Germany and Europe and presentation of parallel session 4 17.20 Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Dorau (UBA, Germany) Hygienic safety and water-reuse-potential increased by means of bio-membrane-technology
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