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Informe Final Del Canal De Menorca CSIC

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Informe Final Del Canal De Menorca CSIC Instituto de Ciencias del Mar (CSIC) CARACTERIZACIÓN ECOLÓGICA DEL ÁREA MARINA DEL CANAL DE MENORCA Zonas profundas y semiprofundas (100 – 400 m) INFORME FINAL PROYECTO LIFE+ INDEMARES Marzo 2014 CARACTERIZACIÓN ECOLÓGICA DEL ÁREA MARINA DEL CANAL DE MENORCA ZONAS PROFUNDAS Y SEMIPROFUNDAS Proyecto LIFE+ INDEMARES Informe realizado por: Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (borde de plataforma y talud continental de 100 a 400 m). Coordinación: Susana Requena, Josep Maria Gili. Autores: Josep Maria Gili, Jordi Grinyó, Susana Requena, Teresa Madurell, Andrea Gori, Stefano Ambroso, Carlos Dominguez-Carrió, Enrique Isla, Claudio lo Iacono. Asesores y especialistas colaboradores: briozoos: Mikel Zabala (Universidad de Barcelona); cnidarios: Marcia Bo (Università di Genova), Pablo José López González (Universidad de Sevilla); esponjas: Mª Jesús Uriz (CSIC-Institut d’estudis Avançats de Blanes); moluscos: Montserrat Ramón (COB-IEO); crustáceos: Pere Abelló (ICM-CSIC); peces: Andrea de Lucia (Area Marina Protetta del Sinis), Miquel Sacanell, Ana Sabatés (ICM-CSIC); procesado de datos e información: Patricia Cabrera, Clara Calatayud, Raquel Castillo, Martina Coppari, María Druet, Anna Garriga, Maria Montseny, Laura Peral, Ariadna Purroy, Janire Salazar. Agradecimientos: Action Photographics (Gavin Newman, ROV “Nemo”); Centro Oceanográfico de Baleares (IEO): Enric Massutí (Director), Joan Moranta, Carmen Barberá, David Díaz; tripulación del buque oceanográfico “García del Cid”; GEOMAR, sumergible JAGO (Karen Hissmann y Jürgen Schauer); Alejandro Olariaga; Toni García (hookman); Unidad Técnica Marina del CSIC (UTM): Marcos Pastor, José Luis Pozo, Javier Prades. Cita recomendada: Requena, S. y Gili, J.M. (Editores). 2014. Caracterización ecológica del área marina del Canal de Menorca: zonas profundas y semiprofundas (100 – 400 m). Informe final área LIFE+ INDEMARES (LIFE07/NAT/E/000732). Instituto de Ciencias del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (Barcelona). Coordinación: Fundación Biodiversidad, Barcelona, 167 páginas más anexos. Índice RESUMEN EJECUTIVO .......................................................................................................................... 5 1. INTRODUCCIÓN .......................................................................................................................... 11 1.1. Introducción general ............................................................................................................. 11 1.2. Descripción del área de estudio ........................................................................................... 13 2. MARCO LEGAL DEL PROYECTO .............................................................................................. 17 2.1. Directivas y reglamentos comunitarios ................................................................................. 17 2.2. Normativa estatal .................................................................................................................. 18 3. METODOLOGÍA DE ESTUDIO Y EQUIPAMIENTOS .................................................................. 23 3.1. Campañas oceanográficas: recursos, objetivos y diseño muestral ...................................... 23 3.2. Campañas oceanográficas en el borde de plataforma y el talud .......................................... 24 3.2.1. Campaña CSIC INDEMARES III ................................................................................................... 24 3.2.2. Campaña CSIC INDEMARES IV ................................................................................................... 27 3.2.3. Campaña CSIC INDEMARES V .................................................................................................... 28 3.2.4. Campaña CSIC INDEMARES VI ................................................................................................... 30 3.3. Oceanografía, meteorología e hidrodinámica ....................................................................... 31 3.3.1. Correntímetro ................................................................................................................................ 31 3.4. Geomorfología y sedimentología .......................................................................................... 32 3.4.1. Métodos de muestreo de sedimento ............................................................................................. 32 3.4.1.1. Sacatestigos de caja ............................................................................................................ 32 3.4.1.2. Trampas de sedimento ........................................................................................................ 33 3.5. Comunidades bentónicas: Patin epibentónico, Martin Raushert, Benthic reaper ................. 34 3.5.1. Draga Raushert ............................................................................................................................. 34 3.5.2. Patín Benthic reaper ...................................................................................................................... 35 3.6. Métodos visuales y tratamiento de imágenes ....................................................................... 37 3.6.1. Vehículo submarino operado desde superficie (ROV) ................................................................... 37 3.6.2. Vehículo submarino tripulado ........................................................................................................ 38 3.6.3. Sistema trasportable para el mantenimiento de organismos profundos ........................................ 39 3.7. Identificación y clasificación de hábitats ............................................................................... 40 4. CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS DEL ÁREA DE ESTUDIO ........................................................... 43 4.1. Características físicas del cañón de Son Bou ...................................................................... 43 4.1.1. Corrientes en la cabecera del cañón de Son Bou ......................................................................... 43 4.1.2. Sedimentología .............................................................................................................................. 43 4.1.3. Características físico químicas de la columna de agua del cañón de Son Bou ............................. 45 5. DESCRIPCIÓN Y DISTRIBUCIÓN DE HÁBITATS Y BIOCENOSIS ............................................ 49 5.1. Descripción de los hábitats presentes en el borde de plataforma y el talud continental ....... 49 5.2. Consideraciones ecológicas acerca de las biocenosis semiprofundas del canal de Menorca 85 5.2.1. Revisión histórica de la terminología. ............................................................................................ 85 5.2.2. Discusión de la terminología actual ............................................................................................... 86 5.3. Cartografía bionómica .......................................................................................................... 88 6. CARACTERÍSTICAS BIOLÓGICAS DEL ÁREA DE ESTUDIO ................................................... 89 3 6.1. Inventario de especies .......................................................................................................... 89 6.2. Resultados de estudios específicos de comunidades y/o especies de interés. .................... 97 6.2.1. Observación “in situ” del comportamiento de retracción de la pluma de mar Virgularia mirabilis. 97 6.2.2. Estudio del ciclo reproductor de Paramuricea macrospina ............................................................ 99 6.2.3. Distribución y abundancia de gorgonias en la plataforma, margen y talud continental del canal de Menorca. ...................................................................................................................................... 105 6.2.4. Estructura de las poblaciones de gorgonias de la plataforma, margen y talud continentales ..... 121 6.2.5. Crecimiento de la gorgonia Paramuricea macrospina ................................................................. 129 7. ANÁLISIS DE LAS PRESIONES ................................................................................................ 133 7.1. Breve descripción de las presiones detectadas en la zona ................................................ 133 8. CRITERIOS PARA LA DESIGNACIÓN DEL LUGAR DE IMPORTANCIA COMUNITARIA (LIC). .................................................................................................................................................... 137 8.1. Hábitats de interés comunitario, hábitats vulnerables y esenciales .................................... 137 8.2. Hábitats esenciales para poblaciones ícticas y hábitats vulnerables .................................. 138 8.3. Especies de interés comunitario, protegidas y/o vulnerables ............................................. 139 8.4. Criterios ecológicos ............................................................................................................ 145 8.4.1. Diversidad (especies y comunidades) ......................................................................................... 145 8.4.2. Conectividad y dependencia entre sistemas ecológicos ............................................................. 145 8.4.3. Representatividad .......................................................................................................................
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